Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102823
Petra Procházková Schrumpfová , Miloslava Fojtová , Martina Dvořáčková
Telomeres are essential chromosomal structures that protect genome integrity and play a central role in aging and cell proliferation. In plants, the epigenetic landscape of telomeres and their adjacent subtelomeric regions has emerged as a critical component regulating telomere function and genome organization. This review summarizes current knowledge of chromatin modifications at plant telomeres, and the impact of chromatin-associated factors on telomere stability. We also discuss experimental tools for studying telomere epigenetics, and identify key open questions in the field.
{"title":"Telomeres: The EPI-Ending","authors":"Petra Procházková Schrumpfová , Miloslava Fojtová , Martina Dvořáčková","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Telomeres are essential chromosomal structures that protect genome integrity and play a central role in aging and cell proliferation. In plants, the epigenetic landscape of telomeres and their adjacent subtelomeric regions has emerged as a critical component regulating telomere function and genome organization. This review summarizes current knowledge of chromatin modifications at plant telomeres, and the impact of chromatin-associated factors on telomere stability. We also discuss experimental tools for studying telomere epigenetics, and identify key open questions in the field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102823"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-17DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102815
Xin Xu , Xin-Jian He
Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes are pivotal regulators of chromatin dynamics, orchestrating transcriptional programs essential for plant development and stress responses in plants. This review synthesizes recent advances in the classification, subunit composition, and functional mechanisms of plant HAT complexes, emphasizing plant-specific characteristics compared to the conserved architecture of HAT complexes. By integrating genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, we delineate how these complexes modulate histone acetylation and coordinate with other chromatin modifications to regulate gene expression. Further research should focus on deciphering the spatiotemporal regulation of HAT complex composition and histone acetylation, and determining the targeting mechanisms of these complexes.
{"title":"Plant histone acetyltransferase complexes: Conserved and plant-specific characteristics","authors":"Xin Xu , Xin-Jian He","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes are pivotal regulators of chromatin dynamics, orchestrating transcriptional programs essential for plant development and stress responses in plants. This review synthesizes recent advances in the classification, subunit composition, and functional mechanisms of plant HAT complexes, emphasizing plant-specific characteristics compared to the conserved architecture of HAT complexes. By integrating genetic, biochemical, and structural studies, we delineate how these complexes modulate histone acetylation and coordinate with other chromatin modifications to regulate gene expression. Further research should focus on deciphering the spatiotemporal regulation of HAT complex composition and histone acetylation, and determining the targeting mechanisms of these complexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102815"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102785
Ya Min
Early floral meristem (FM) patterning is one of the most intensively studied developmental programs in plants. While extensive work has uncovered the molecular networks underlying key processes such as organ initiation and identity specification, integrating this knowledge into a comprehensive framework remains challenging. Organ initiation is governed by auxin-mediated positioning and boundary formation, whereas organ identity is determined by the combinatorial activities of ABCE-class transcription factors. These processes have often been studied in isolation, even though proper flower development requires their coordination in space and time. This review synthesizes current insights into early floral organ initiation and identity determination, and potential molecular links bridging these two programs. I also discuss persistent gaps in our understanding, the challenges in addressing these knowledge gaps, and how emerging tools can help disentangle the complex crosstalk between initiation and identity, ultimately advancing a more integrated view of the regulatory networks that pattern the early FM.
{"title":"Position and identity, two separable but inseparable processes in floral meristem patterning","authors":"Ya Min","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early floral meristem (FM) patterning is one of the most intensively studied developmental programs in plants. While extensive work has uncovered the molecular networks underlying key processes such as organ initiation and identity specification, integrating this knowledge into a comprehensive framework remains challenging. Organ initiation is governed by auxin-mediated positioning and boundary formation, whereas organ identity is determined by the combinatorial activities of ABCE-class transcription factors. These processes have often been studied in isolation, even though proper flower development requires their coordination in space and time. This review synthesizes current insights into early floral organ initiation and identity determination, and potential molecular links bridging these two programs. I also discuss persistent gaps in our understanding, the challenges in addressing these knowledge gaps, and how emerging tools can help disentangle the complex crosstalk between initiation and identity, ultimately advancing a more integrated view of the regulatory networks that pattern the early FM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102785"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102801
Hyung-Woo Jeon , Yujeong Lim , Jong Hum Kim
As the climate crisis intensifies, finding strategies to mitigate its cascading effects is now a pressing global priority for both scientists and policymakers. In agriculture and ecology, a key first step is to understand how changing environmental conditions affect plant–microbe interactions, especially given the knowledge gap between findings from controlled experiments and those from field studies. In this review, we highlight known fluctuations in host factors that mediate interactions with surrounding microorganisms under changing climate conditions and discuss potential future directions to alleviate the impacts of climate changes.
{"title":"Plant trait variation shapes plant–microbe interactions in changing climate","authors":"Hyung-Woo Jeon , Yujeong Lim , Jong Hum Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the climate crisis intensifies, finding strategies to mitigate its cascading effects is now a pressing global priority for both scientists and policymakers. In agriculture and ecology, a key first step is to understand how changing environmental conditions affect plant–microbe interactions, especially given the knowledge gap between findings from controlled experiments and those from field studies. In this review, we highlight known fluctuations in host factors that mediate interactions with surrounding microorganisms under changing climate conditions and discuss potential future directions to alleviate the impacts of climate changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145205874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102783
Ahamed Khan, Biswajit Ghosh, Daniel Schubert
Epigenetic regulators are multiprotein complexes that modify chromatin architecture to control gene expression in response to developmental and environmental cues. These complexes function in a highly coordinated manner, often collaborating with various accessory proteins to precisely regulate the dynamic nature of chromatin states. However, our understanding of how these core histone-modifying regulators co-evolved with accessory proteins during plant evolution remains limited. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the evolution of major histone modification regulators, with a focus on Polycomb group complexes and their associated accessory proteins. We discuss how accessory proteins have evolved to modulate the activity of conserved core components, supporting key innovations during plant evolution. Lastly, we highlight the role of accessory proteins in mediating crosstalk between histone-modifying complexes, emerging as key evolutionary factors that shape the epigenetic landscape and influence plant development and environmental adaptation.
{"title":"Interplay between Polycomb-group associated histone modifiers and accessory proteins in plant evolution","authors":"Ahamed Khan, Biswajit Ghosh, Daniel Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic regulators are multiprotein complexes that modify chromatin architecture to control gene expression in response to developmental and environmental cues. These complexes function in a highly coordinated manner, often collaborating with various accessory proteins to precisely regulate the dynamic nature of chromatin states. However, our understanding of how these core histone-modifying regulators co-evolved with accessory proteins during plant evolution remains limited. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the evolution of major histone modification regulators, with a focus on Polycomb group complexes and their associated accessory proteins. We discuss how accessory proteins have evolved to modulate the activity of conserved core components, supporting key innovations during plant evolution. Lastly, we highlight the role of accessory proteins in mediating crosstalk between histone-modifying complexes, emerging as key evolutionary factors that shape the epigenetic landscape and influence plant development and environmental adaptation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102783"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102791
Ryan E. Martinez, Katherine A. Klimpel, Michael Busche, Jacob O. Brunkard
Ribosomes are essential cellular machines that translate genetic information into functional proteins. Ribosomes require massive nutrient investments, accounting for as much as 50 % of organic phosphorus and 25 % of organic nitrogen in leaves. Optimizing ribosome levels could therefore reduce crop plant fertilizer requirements, an urgent goal for agricultural sustainability. Disruptions to ribosome biogenesis often cause surprising developmental defects, however, and there is substantial confusion and debate among plant geneticists about how to interpret mutant phenotypes caused by defective ribosomes. Here, we propose to adopt the conceptual framework of “ribosomopathies”, human disorders caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis, to better appreciate why some plant developmental processes are more sensitive to ribosome levels than others. We argue that understanding plant ribosomopathies as a broad class of mutants that affect ribosome homeostasis, rather than a series of distinct cases impacting specialized, heterogeneous ribosomes, will encourage productive mechanistic studies of specific ribosome-sensitive developmental processes that could be engineered to circumvent the deleterious effects of restricting ribosome availability.
{"title":"Plant ribosomopathies: New insights and a critical re-evaluation of ribosomal protein gene mutants in plants","authors":"Ryan E. Martinez, Katherine A. Klimpel, Michael Busche, Jacob O. Brunkard","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ribosomes are essential cellular machines that translate genetic information into functional proteins. Ribosomes require massive nutrient investments, accounting for as much as 50 % of organic phosphorus and 25 % of organic nitrogen in leaves. Optimizing ribosome levels could therefore reduce crop plant fertilizer requirements, an urgent goal for agricultural sustainability. Disruptions to ribosome biogenesis often cause surprising developmental defects, however, and there is substantial confusion and debate among plant geneticists about how to interpret mutant phenotypes caused by defective ribosomes. Here, we propose to adopt the conceptual framework of “ribosomopathies”, human disorders caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis, to better appreciate why some plant developmental processes are more sensitive to ribosome levels than others. We argue that understanding plant ribosomopathies as a broad class of mutants that affect ribosome homeostasis, rather than a series of distinct cases impacting specialized, heterogeneous ribosomes, will encourage productive mechanistic studies of specific ribosome-sensitive developmental processes that could be engineered to circumvent the deleterious effects of restricting ribosome availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102791"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102808
Lea Sophie Berg , Michael Thomas Raissig
Grass stomata provide an exemplary model of how form can improve functionality and promote the success of a plant family. The four-celled grass stomata are composed of dumbbell-shaped guard cells, each flanked by a single parallel subsidiary cell–arguably the most derived and fastest stomatal morphotype. The grasses' breathing pores develop in a strictly linear gradient within a stereotypically patterned epidermis, making it a highly accessible and spatiotemporally predictable developmental study system. Here, we highlight our current understanding of how vein-associated establishment of stomatal identity, tightly regulated asymmetric and symmetric cell division programs and extraordinary morphogenetic processes orchestrate the development of these uniquely shaped graminoid stomata. The innovative geometry and cellular composition of grass stomata have been repeatedly linked to rapid stomatal opening and closing kinetics, thus contributing to the grasses’ water-use-efficient photosynthesis. Therefore, besides revealing fundamental aspects of plant development and plant cell biology, the dissection of the developmental processes forming grass stomata can also highlight strategies to engineer stomatal morphology for improved plant-atmosphere gas exchange.
{"title":"Stomatal patterning and development in grasses","authors":"Lea Sophie Berg , Michael Thomas Raissig","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass stomata provide an exemplary model of how form can improve functionality and promote the success of a plant family. The four-celled grass stomata are composed of dumbbell-shaped guard cells, each flanked by a single parallel subsidiary cell–arguably the most derived and fastest stomatal morphotype. The grasses' breathing pores develop in a strictly linear gradient within a stereotypically patterned epidermis, making it a highly accessible and spatiotemporally predictable developmental study system. Here, we highlight our current understanding of how vein-associated establishment of stomatal identity, tightly regulated asymmetric and symmetric cell division programs and extraordinary morphogenetic processes orchestrate the development of these uniquely shaped graminoid stomata. The innovative geometry and cellular composition of grass stomata have been repeatedly linked to rapid stomatal opening and closing kinetics, thus contributing to the grasses’ water-use-efficient photosynthesis. Therefore, besides revealing fundamental aspects of plant development and plant cell biology, the dissection of the developmental processes forming grass stomata can also highlight strategies to engineer stomatal morphology for improved plant-atmosphere gas exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102808"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102789
Paula Casati
Epigenetic memory refers to heritable information that is not encoded in the DNA sequence itself but is transmitted across generations through epigenetic modifications. These modifications can arise in response to environmental stimuli, such as heat stress or DNA-damaging conditions, and may persist across multiple generations. One of the primary epigenetic marks in plants is DNA methylation, whose role in stress memory is discussed in a separate review within this Special Issue. In this article, I will focus in one particular stress condition, genotoxic stress, that occurs after plants are exposed to internal or external agents that produce damage in the DNA. I will present and discuss various examples of the establishment, dynamics, and maintenance of epigenetic marks in plants that trigger the DNA damage response, along with their physiological consequences.
{"title":"Epigenetic processes involved in the activation of the DNA damage response in plants: A link to stress memory","authors":"Paula Casati","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic memory refers to heritable information that is not encoded in the DNA sequence itself but is transmitted across generations through epigenetic modifications. These modifications can arise in response to environmental stimuli, such as heat stress or DNA-damaging conditions, and may persist across multiple generations. One of the primary epigenetic marks in plants is DNA methylation, whose role in stress memory is discussed in a separate review within this Special Issue. In this article, I will focus in one particular stress condition, genotoxic stress, that occurs after plants are exposed to internal or external agents that produce damage in the DNA. I will present and discuss various examples of the establishment, dynamics, and maintenance of epigenetic marks in plants that trigger the DNA damage response, along with their physiological consequences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102789"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102821
Nora Damaris Pasquali Medici de Biron , Sara Farrona
In recent years, single-cell and single-nuclei-omic technologies have advanced rapidly in plant research, with RNA sequencing being widely adopted, and chromatin accessibility profiling through assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing steadily expanding. These approaches have provided unprecedented insight into plant development, cell identity, and stress responses. Integrating transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data has made it possible to link regulatory elements with gene expression across diverse plant tissues. The goal of this review is to provide a practical guide synthetizing current methods, bioinformatic tools, and applications for a clear perspective on the opportunities and challenges of implementing these technologies in plants. We place particular emphasis on the technical aspects of single-cell/single-nuclei methods, with the aim of enabling informed decisions regarding the choice of protocol. We also highlight emerging multi-omic strategies, the bioinformatic frameworks that enable their analysis, and applications across diverse plant species. In light of the current progress, we discuss that expanding the use of these technologies in plants will advance fundamental biology and generate actionable insights for crop improvement, driving the translation of single-cell discoveries into agricultural innovation.
{"title":"Piecing the puzzle together: Analyses in plants at the single-cell resolution","authors":"Nora Damaris Pasquali Medici de Biron , Sara Farrona","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, single-cell and single-nuclei-omic technologies have advanced rapidly in plant research, with RNA sequencing being widely adopted, and chromatin accessibility profiling through assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing steadily expanding. These approaches have provided unprecedented insight into plant development, cell identity, and stress responses. Integrating transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data has made it possible to link regulatory elements with gene expression across diverse plant tissues. The goal of this review is to provide a practical guide synthetizing current methods, bioinformatic tools, and applications for a clear perspective on the opportunities and challenges of implementing these technologies in plants. We place particular emphasis on the technical aspects of single-cell/single-nuclei methods, with the aim of enabling informed decisions regarding the choice of protocol. We also highlight emerging multi-omic strategies, the bioinformatic frameworks that enable their analysis, and applications across diverse plant species. In light of the current progress, we discuss that expanding the use of these technologies in plants will advance fundamental biology and generate actionable insights for crop improvement, driving the translation of single-cell discoveries into agricultural innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102821"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-27DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102818
Leandro Quadrana , Ian R. Henderson
Transposons are DNA sequences capable of self-mobilization, which occupy large fractions of plant genomes. Due to their repetitive nature, complete maps of transposon diversity have been challenging to obtain. The advent of long-read sequencing now provides high-quality pangenomic assemblies, revealing transposon diversity within and between species. Transposons are major targets of epigenetic and post-transcriptional silencing, which provide the capacity for cryptic transmission, and facilitate environmental and developmental regulation. Transposon distributions are highly structured along plant chromosomes and we examine genomic niches that specific families are adapted to occupy. Here, we review new insights into transposon core and accessory proteins, and how these can regulate activity in vivo. Finally, we consider the role of transposons in host genome adaptation and evolution, as well as how they are selected on their own terms.
{"title":"The natural history of transposons in plant pangenomes and panepigenomes","authors":"Leandro Quadrana , Ian R. Henderson","doi":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transposons are DNA sequences capable of self-mobilization, which occupy large fractions of plant genomes. Due to their repetitive nature, complete maps of transposon diversity have been challenging to obtain. The advent of long-read sequencing now provides high-quality pangenomic assemblies, revealing transposon diversity within and between species. Transposons are major targets of epigenetic and post-transcriptional silencing, which provide the capacity for cryptic transmission, and facilitate environmental and developmental regulation. Transposon distributions are highly structured along plant chromosomes and we examine genomic niches that specific families are adapted to occupy. Here, we review new insights into transposon core and accessory proteins, and how these can regulate activity <em>in vivo</em>. Finally, we consider the role of transposons in host genome adaptation and evolution, as well as how they are selected on their own terms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11003,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in plant biology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145387679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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