Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

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Grass awns: Morphological diversity arising from developmental constraint 禾本科植物的芒：发育限制带来的形态多样性。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102663

Annis Richardson , Heather Jones , Madelaine Bartlett

Grasses dominate agriculturally and ecologically. One hypothesized driver of this dominance is grasses' facility for grain dispersal and rapid seedling establishment. Dispersal and establishment are aided by the awned lemma - a modified bract associated with grass flowers. Awns have diverse forms, many proposed functions, and have been gained and lost repeatedly in grass evolution. Here we hypothesize that the evolution of awn emergence is underpinned by deep conservation of developmental genes. Awns are likely homologous to leaf blades. Because leaf blades are essential, every grass species likely has a latent developmental program available for awn development. This developmental program may be repeatedly reactivated in lemmas, resulting in the frequent appearance of awns. Because awns are inessential, they can be lost and modified without dire consequences to fitness, resulting in the frequent loss and diversity of awns. Replicated awn evolution reveals how developmental conservation can potentiate the evolution of diversity. Awns also present a powerful opportunity to dissect mechanisms of leaf development.

禾本科植物在农业和生态学上都占主导地位。据推测，禾本科植物之所以占据主导地位，是因为它们具有传播谷物和快速育苗的能力。芒状外稃--一种与禾本科植物花朵相关的改良苞片--有助于禾本科植物的传播和成苗。芒的形式多种多样，功能也多种多样，并在禾本科植物的进化过程中反复增减。在这里，我们假设芒的出现是由发育基因的深度保护所支撑的。芒很可能与叶片同源。由于叶片是必不可少的，因此每个草种都可能有一个潜在的发育程序，可用于芒的发育。这种发育程序可能会在外稃中反复重新激活，从而导致芒的频繁出现。由于芒是非必需的，因此可以丢失和修改，而不会对适应性造成严重后果，从而导致芒的频繁丢失和多样性。芒的重复进化揭示了发育保护是如何促进多样性进化的。芒还提供了一个剖析叶片发育机制的绝佳机会。

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引用次数: 0

New perspectives of post-GWAS analyses: From markers to causal genes for more precise crop breeding GWAS 后分析的新视角：从标记到因果基因，实现更精确的作物育种。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102658

Ivana Kaňovská, Jana Biová, Mária Škrabišová

Crop breeding advancement is hindered by the imperfection of methods to reveal genes underlying key traits. Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) is one such method, identifying genomic regions linked to phenotypes. Post-GWAS analyses predict candidate genes and assist in causative mutation (CM) recognition. Here, we assess post-GWAS approaches, address limitations in omics data integration and stress the importance of evaluating associated variants within a broader context of publicly available datasets. Recent advances in bioinformatics tools and genomic strategies for CM identification and allelic variation exploration are reviewed. We discuss the role of markers and marker panel development for more precise breeding. Finally, we highlight the perspectives and challenges of GWAS-based CM prediction for complex quantitative traits.

由于揭示关键性状基因的方法不完善，农作物育种的进展受到阻碍。全基因组关联研究（GWAS）就是这样一种方法，它能确定与表型相关的基因组区域。全基因组关联研究（GWAS）后分析可预测候选基因，并帮助识别致病突变（CM）。在此，我们将评估后GWAS方法，解决omics数据整合的局限性，并强调在更广泛的公开数据集背景下评估相关变异的重要性。我们回顾了用于 CM 鉴定和等位基因变异探索的生物信息学工具和基因组策略的最新进展。我们还讨论了标记的作用以及为实现更精确育种而进行的标记组开发。最后，我们强调了基于 GWAS 的复杂数量性状 CM 预测的前景和挑战。

引用次数: 0

Beat the heat: Breeding, genomics, and gene editing for high nighttime temperature tolerance in rice 战胜高温利用育种、基因组学和基因编辑技术提高水稻对夜间高温的耐受性。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102659

Vibha Srivastava, Christian De Guzman, Samuel B. Fernandes

High nighttime temperature (HNT) is a major obstacle in rice production worldwide. It severely impacts spikelet fertility and induces grain chalk, the two undesirable factors leading to yield and quality decline in rice. Recently, major efforts have been undertaken to understand the genetic mechanisms underlying HNT tolerance. Here, we highlight phenotypic diversity and recent studies on breeding, genomics, and gene editing targeting this trait. These studies point to the challenges in the process as HNT tolerance has so far been found only in non-adapted varieties, and no known modern cultivar bred in the United States is able to withstand exposure to HNT during the reproductive stage. At the same time, identification of the tolerant genotypes enabled genomics, opened up tortuous but promising approaches for breeding, and showed a path for gene editing towards HNT tolerance. The recent advances have set a strong foundation for addressing this current and looming threat.

夜间高温（HNT）是全球水稻生产的一个主要障碍。它严重影响小穗的结实率，并诱发谷粒垩白，这两个不良因素导致水稻产量和品质下降。最近，人们开始努力了解水稻耐受 HNT 的遗传机制。在此，我们将重点介绍表型多样性以及针对这一性状的育种、基因组学和基因编辑方面的最新研究。这些研究指出了这一过程中的挑战，因为迄今为止只在非适应性品种中发现了 HNT 耐受性，而且在美国培育的已知现代栽培品种中，没有一个能在生殖阶段耐受 HNT 暴露。与此同时，耐受性基因型的鉴定促成了基因组学的发展，为育种开辟了曲折但充满希望的途径，并为基因编辑走向耐受 HNT 的道路指明了方向。最近取得的进展为解决目前这一迫在眉睫的威胁奠定了坚实的基础。

引用次数: 0

Gene regulatory networks in abiotic stress responses via single-cell sequencing and spatial technologies: Advances and opportunities 通过单细胞测序和空间技术研究非生物胁迫反应中的基因调控网络：进展与机遇。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102662

Mukesh Jain

Understanding intricate gene regulatory networks (GRNs) orchestrating responses to abiotic stresses is crucial for enhancing climate resilience in crop plants. Recent advancements in single-cell and spatial technologies have revolutionized our ability to dissect the GRNs at unprecedented resolution. Here, we explore the progress, challenges, and opportunities these state-of-the-art technologies offer in delineating the cellular intricacies of plant responses to abiotic stress. Using scRNA-seq, the transcriptome landscape of individual plant cells along with their lineages and regulatory interactions can be unraveled. Moreover, coupling scRNA-seq with spatial transcriptomics provides spatially resolved gene expression and insights into cell-to-cell interactions. In addition, the chromatin accessibility assays can discover the regulatory regions governing abiotic stress responses. An integrated multi-omics approach can facilitate discovery of cell-type-specific GRNs to reveal the key components that coordinate adaptive responses to different stresses. These potential regulatory factors can be harnessed for genetic engineering to enhance stress resilience in crop plants.

了解协调非生物胁迫反应的复杂基因调控网络（GRN）对于提高作物植物的气候适应能力至关重要。单细胞和空间技术的最新进展彻底改变了我们以前所未有的分辨率剖析基因调控网络的能力。在此，我们将探讨这些先进技术在描述植物对非生物胁迫的复杂细胞反应方面所取得的进展、面临的挑战和带来的机遇。利用 scRNA-seq，可以揭示单个植物细胞的转录组图谱及其谱系和调控相互作用。此外，scRNA-seq 与空间转录组学的结合可提供空间解析的基因表达，并深入了解细胞间的相互作用。此外，染色质可及性测定还能发现非生物胁迫反应的调控区域。综合多组学方法有助于发现细胞类型特异性 GRN，揭示协调对不同胁迫的适应性反应的关键成分。这些潜在的调控因子可用于基因工程，以提高作物的抗逆性。

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引用次数: 0

The root extracellular trap; a complex and dynamic biomatrix network essential for plant protection 根细胞外捕获器；一个复杂而动态的生物基质网络，对植物保护至关重要。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102656

Azeddine Driouich , Marie-Laure Follet Gueye , Maïté Vicré , John P. Moore

Plants have evolved a number of defense mechanisms to protect themselves against biotic stresses. Each cell, tissue, and organ is able to perceive and fight off attackers using a combination of chemical and physical defense mechanisms. Root cells employ similar defense response patterning. They develop immune responses upon pathogen attack and release a variety of compounds able to defend the root proper as well as the entire plant body. Currently, one of the most effective mechanisms of root defense involves the root extracellular trap (RET) that is produced at the tip of the root. The RET consists of root cap–derived cells embedded in mucilaginous secretions containing cell wall–derived polysaccharides, defense-related (glyco)proteins, phytoalexins, histones, and extracellular DNA (eDNA). The RET network plays a central role in root immunity and fulfills biological functions similar to those performed by neutrophil extracellular traps in mammals.

植物进化出了许多防御机制来保护自己免受生物压力。每个细胞、组织和器官都能通过化学和物理防御机制的组合来感知和击退攻击者。根细胞也采用类似的防御反应模式。它们在受到病原体攻击时会产生免疫反应，并释放出多种化合物来保护根部和整个植物体。目前，最有效的根系防御机制之一是在根尖产生的根细胞外捕获物（RET）。RET 由根帽衍生细胞组成，内嵌粘液分泌物，其中含有细胞壁衍生多糖、防御相关（糖）蛋白、植物毒素、组蛋白和细胞外 DNA（eDNA）。RET 网络在根系免疫中发挥着核心作用，其生物功能与哺乳动物中性粒细胞胞外捕获器的功能类似。

引用次数: 0

Chitins and chitosans–A tale of discovery and disguise, of attachment and attainment 甲壳素和壳聚糖--发现与伪装、依恋与成就的故事。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102661

Mounashree Student, Margareta J. Hellmann, Stefan Cord-Landwehr, Bruno M. Moerschbacher

Chitin polymers are an essential structural component of fungal cell walls, but host chitinases can weaken them, contributing to disease resistance in fungal pathogens. Chitin oligomers thus produced are immunogenic signal molecules eliciting additional disease resistance mechanisms. Fungi may counteract these, e.g. by partial deacetylation of chitin, converting it into chitosans, protecting the cell walls against chitinase attack, and inactivating elicitor active oligomers. This molecular stealth hypothesis for fungal pathogenicity has repeatedly been tested by mutating single or multiple chitin deacetylase genes, supporting the hypothesis but simultaneously suggesting additional roles for chitin deacetylation in virulence, such as surface attachment and sensing, host tissue penetration and colonization, as well as spore formation, stabilization, and germination. Interestingly, recent evidence suggests that host plants have evolved counter strategies by inhibiting fungal chitin deacetylases, lending further credibility to the suggested action of these enzymes as pathogenicity/virulence factors, and possibly offering leads toward novel functional fungicides.

几丁质聚合物是真菌细胞壁的重要结构成分，但宿主几丁质酶会削弱它们，从而导致真菌病原体的抗病性。由此产生的几丁质低聚物是免疫原性信号分子，可激发其他抗病机制。真菌可通过部分脱乙酰化几丁质，将其转化为壳聚糖，保护细胞壁免受几丁质酶的攻击，并使诱导剂活性寡聚体失活，从而抵消这些机制。通过突变单个或多个几丁质脱乙酰化酶基因，对真菌致病性的这一分子隐身假说进行了反复测试，结果支持了这一假说，但同时也表明几丁质脱乙酰化在毒力中的其他作用，如表面附着和感应、宿主组织穿透和定植，以及孢子的形成、稳定和萌发。有趣的是，最近有证据表明，寄主植物通过抑制真菌几丁质脱乙酰酶进化出了对抗策略，这进一步证实了这些酶作为致病性/毒力因子的作用，并可能为新型功能性杀真菌剂提供了线索。

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引用次数: 0

Pairing omics to decode the diversity of plant specialized metabolism 配对 omics，解码植物特化代谢的多样性。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102657

Felicia C. Wolters , Elena Del Pup , Kumar Saurabh Singh , Klaas Bouwmeester , M. Eric Schranz , Justin J.J. van der Hooft , Marnix H. Medema

Plants have evolved complex bouquets of specialized natural products that are utilized in medicine, agriculture, and industry. Untargeted natural product discovery has benefitted from growing plant omics data resources. Yet, plant genome complexity limits the identification and curation of biosynthetic pathways via single omics. Pairing multi-omics types within experiments provides multiple layers of evidence for biosynthetic pathway mining. The extraction of paired biological information facilitates connecting genes to transcripts and metabolites, especially when captured across time points, conditions and chemotypes. Experimental design requires specific adaptations to enable effective paired-omics analysis. Ultimately, metadata standards are required to support the integration of paired and unpaired public datasets and to accelerate collaborative efforts for natural product discovery in the plant research community.

植物进化出了复杂的特殊天然产品，可用于医药、农业和工业。非靶向天然产品的发现得益于不断增长的植物全局数据资源。然而，植物基因组的复杂性限制了通过单一全局组学识别和整理生物合成途径。将实验中的多组学类型配对可为生物合成途径挖掘提供多层证据。提取配对的生物信息有助于将基因与转录物和代谢物联系起来，尤其是在跨时间点、条件和化学类型的情况下。实验设计需要特定的调整，以便进行有效的配对组学分析。最终，需要制定元数据标准，以支持配对和非配对公共数据集的整合，并加快植物研究界发现天然产品的协作努力。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to "Epigenetics in plant organismic interactions" [Curr Opin Plant Biol 61 (2021) 102060]. 植物有机体相互作用中的表观遗传学》[Curr Opin Plant Biol 61 (2021) 102060] 勘误。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102660

Daniela Ramos-Cruz, A Niloya Troyee, Claude Becker

引用次数: 0

Advancements and challenges in gene editing for improvement of vegetatively propagated crops 基因编辑改良无性繁殖作物的进展与挑战。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102653

Jaindra Nath Tripathi, Samwel Muiruri, Leena Tripathi

Gene editing technologies, particularly CRISPR-Cas9, have revolutionized agriculture by offering precise and efficient tools to enhance crop production. The vegetatively propagated crops, crucial for global food security, face challenges such as climate change, pests, and limited genetic diversity. CRISPR-Cas9 enables targeted modifications to improve traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional content, thereby boosting productivity and sustainability. Despite its transformative potential, the adoption of gene editing in vegetatively propagated crops is hampered by technical complexities and regulatory frameworks. This review explores recent advancements, challenges, and prospects of gene editing in vegetatively propagated crops, emphasizing strategies to overcome technical barriers and regulatory constraints. Addressing these issues is essential for realizing the full agricultural potential of gene editing and ensuring food security in a changing global climate.

基因编辑技术，尤其是 CRISPR-Cas9，为提高作物产量提供了精确而高效的工具，从而彻底改变了农业。无性繁殖作物对全球粮食安全至关重要，但也面临气候变化、虫害和遗传多样性有限等挑战。CRISPR-Cas9 可以进行有针对性的改造，改善抗病性、耐旱性和营养成分等性状，从而提高生产力和可持续性。尽管基因编辑技术具有变革潜力，但其在无性繁殖作物中的应用却受到技术复杂性和监管框架的阻碍。本综述探讨了基因编辑在无性繁殖作物中的最新进展、挑战和前景，强调了克服技术障碍和监管限制的策略。解决这些问题对于充分发挥基因编辑的农业潜力以及在不断变化的全球气候中确保粮食安全至关重要。

引用次数: 0

The molecular coordination of tuberization: Current status and future directions 块茎化的分子协调：现状与未来方向。

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102655

Sarah R. Mathura , Fedora Sutton , Judy Rouse-Miller , Valerie Bowrin

The integration of bulk transcriptomic, proteomic, and genomic data generated from numerous systems biology studies of tuberizing plants has resulted in a better understanding of the molecular and morphological aspects of tuberization. The identified conserved integrated hormonal, transcriptional, and metabolic pathways of tuberization in crops from various plant lineages support the hypothesis of a fundamental tuberization process. However, further studies are required to specify the additional processes defined by the genomics and phylogeny of the particular plant lineages, which control the morphological diversity of tubers. This review summarizes the latest molecular and morphological discoveries on the tuberization process in stem tubers and tuberous roots and discusses future trajectories of the field.

对块茎化植物的大量系统生物学研究产生的大量转录组、蛋白质组和基因组数据进行整合后，人们对块茎化的分子和形态方面有了更好的了解。在不同植物品系的作物中发现的块茎化过程中保守的综合激素、转录和代谢途径支持了基本块茎化过程的假说。然而，还需要进一步的研究来明确特定植物品系的基因组学和系统发育所定义的其他过程，这些过程控制着块茎的形态多样性。本综述总结了有关茎块茎和块根块茎化过程的最新分子和形态学发现，并讨论了该领域未来的发展方向。

引用次数: 0

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Current opinion in plant biology

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