Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

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Polyploid genome evolution across land plants: Progress and perspectives 陆生植物多倍体基因组进化：进展与展望

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102857

Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Norman J. Wickett

The enormous wealth of data on the incidence of polyploidy and its significance for genome evolution in angiosperms has greatly advanced our understanding of plant evolution. This has enabled the identification of correlations between polyploidization and life history trait evolution as well as unraveling the complex interplay between genome multiplication and the biology of individual lineages giving rise to intricate and unique patterns of genome evolution despite shared evolutionary processes. Advances in sequencing and analytical methods result in the quickly increasing representation of other land plant lineages, such as bryophytes or ferns. These data continue to reveal that the levels of genome evolution complexity known from angiosperms are to be found across all land plants, albeit to lineage-specific extents. Greatly expanded taxonomic sampling across land plants will not only deepen our understanding of the interplay between polyploidy and the evolution of traits and life histories, e.g. in the context of the conquest of land, but also will allow an evolutionarily broader assessment of the role of polyploidy in shaping genome dynamics.

关于被子植物多倍体发生率及其对基因组进化意义的大量数据极大地促进了我们对植物进化的理解。这使得鉴定多倍体化和生活史性状进化之间的相关性，以及揭示基因组增殖和个体谱系生物学之间的复杂相互作用，尽管共享进化过程，但却产生了复杂而独特的基因组进化模式。测序和分析方法的进步导致其他陆地植物谱系的代表性迅速增加，如苔藓植物或蕨类植物。这些数据继续表明，从被子植物中已知的基因组进化复杂性水平在所有陆地植物中都可以找到，尽管是在谱系特定的程度上。在陆地植物中大量扩展的分类样本不仅将加深我们对多倍体与性状进化和生活史之间相互作用的理解，例如在征服土地的背景下，而且将允许对多倍体在塑造基因组动力学中的作用进行更广泛的进化评估。

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引用次数: 0

Decoding plant cell heterogeneity and dynamics across responses, development, to evolution with single-cell technologies 解码植物细胞异质性和动态跨越响应，发展，进化与单细胞技术

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102854

Dongbo Shi , Keiko Sugimoto , Kenji Fukushima

Single-cell technologies are redefining plant cell identity. Traditional classifications based on position, morphology, and a few marker genes yielded static, coarse cell categories. In contrast, single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveal hidden cellular heterogeneity and reconstruct developmental trajectories in ostensibly well-characterized plant tissues including vasculature and mesophyll. Environmental cues such as pathogen attack, drought, and wounding generate transient, spatially restricted cell states that bulk profiling masks, and these dynamics are best resolved by integrating single-cell data with spatial transcriptomics and live imaging. Comparative single-cell analyses extend these insights across evolution, revealing conserved core cell-type groups, lineage-specific innovations, and rapid transcriptomic rewiring in particular cell types. Emerging computational strategies mitigate orthology issues caused by genome duplications, enabling robust cross-species atlas alignment. These advances demonstrate that plant cell identity is dynamic, context-dependent, and distributed along continuous spectra. We argue that future frameworks should balance discrete cell-type labels with flexible state-based descriptions and integrate multiomic and spatial information to capture the full plasticity of plant cells, from ephemeral stress responses to millennial evolutionary changes.

单细胞技术正在重新定义植物细胞的特性。传统的基于位置、形态和一些标记基因的分类产生了静态的、粗糙的细胞分类。相比之下，单细胞和单核RNA测序揭示了隐藏的细胞异质性，并重建了表面上表征良好的植物组织（包括脉管系统和叶肉）的发育轨迹。环境线索，如病原体攻击、干旱和伤害，会产生短暂的、空间受限的细胞状态，而这些状态会被批量分析所掩盖，这些动态最好通过将单细胞数据与空间转录组学和实时成像相结合来解决。比较单细胞分析将这些见解扩展到进化中，揭示了保守的核心细胞类型群，谱系特异性创新以及特定细胞类型中的快速转录组重新布线。新兴的计算策略减轻了由基因组复制引起的同源问题，实现了强大的跨物种图谱比对。这些进展表明，植物细胞身份是动态的，环境依赖的，并沿连续光谱分布。我们认为，未来的框架应该平衡离散的细胞类型标签和灵活的基于状态的描述，并整合多组学和空间信息，以捕捉植物细胞的全部可塑性，从短暂的应激反应到千年的进化变化。

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引用次数: 0

The potential of plant palaeogenomic research 植物古基因组研究的潜力

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102856

Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal

Plant palaeogenomics has transformed the way we study plant evolution. After a slow start, the last decade has seen a shift from the study of a few genomic markers to genome-wide data and complete genomes across multiple species. These studies have changed fundamental ideas about plant domestication and evolution.

The field still has great potential to unlock. Emerging approaches promise to recover genomic information from both plants and their associated microbes from macrobotanical remains, providing a new perspective to study deep-time plant-microbiome coevolution. Environmental DNA preserved in ancient sediments may soon yield complete plant genomes, expanding our ability to study population dynamics well before the rise of agriculture. Ancient genomes also provide a reservoir of lost genetic diversity that we could exploit to improve crop resilience and adaptation.

植物古基因组学改变了我们研究植物进化的方式。经过缓慢的起步，过去十年见证了从研究少数基因组标记到研究全基因组数据和跨多个物种的完整基因组的转变。这些研究改变了关于植物驯化和进化的基本观点。该领域仍有巨大的潜力有待开发。新兴的方法有望从大型植物遗骸中恢复植物及其相关微生物的基因组信息，为研究植物-微生物组的深度协同进化提供新的视角。保存在古代沉积物中的环境DNA可能很快就会产生完整的植物基因组，从而扩大我们在农业兴起之前研究种群动态的能力。古代基因组还提供了一个丢失的遗传多样性储存库，我们可以利用它来提高作物的抗逆性和适应性。

引用次数: 0

NLR receptor subcellular localization and plant immune activation NLR受体亚细胞定位与植物免疫激活

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102855

Di Liang , Li Huang , Dehe Zhu , Yiwen Deng , Zuhua He

Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) proteins serve as cornerstone components of the plant immune system, typically recognizing pathogen effector proteins to assemble resistance complexes (resistosomes) that trigger robust immune responses. As pivotal targets for crop disease resistance breeding, NLRs have been shown to exhibit subcellular localization-dependent functional regulation, influencing processes including effector recognition, immune complex assembly, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Here, we review the distinct subcellular compartmentalization patterns of NLR proteins and their mechanistic roles in orchestrating plant disease resistance.

核苷酸结合蛋白和富含亮氨酸的重复受体（NLR）蛋白是植物免疫系统的基石成分，通常识别病原体效应蛋白组装抗性复合物（抗性小体），从而引发强大的免疫反应。作为作物抗病育种的关键靶点，NLRs已被证明具有亚细胞定位依赖的功能调控，影响包括效应物识别、免疫复合物组装和下游信号通路激活在内的过程。在这里，我们回顾了NLR蛋白的不同亚细胞区隔模式及其在协调植物抗病中的机制作用。

引用次数: 0

Bridging cells and stages: Plasmodesmata for the coordination of plant development 桥接细胞和阶段：协调植物发育的间连丝

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102843

Elmehdi Bahafid , Zoe Kathleen Barr , Rebecca Corinna Burkart , Rosanna Petrella , Rüdiger Simon

Plants are multicellular organisms in which numerous specialized cell types must communicate to function as a unified system. Plant cells are enclosed by rigid walls, and therefore, intercellular communication requires the presence of plasmodesmata (PD), cytoplasmic channels bridging neighboring cells. These structures are crucial for coordinating developmental stages across tissues. To ensure proper growth and development, the movement of signaling molecules, RNAs, proteins, and nutrients through PD must be tightly controlled, underscoring the importance of regulating their selectivity.

Despite their essential role, direct evidence for PD involvement in developmental processes is limited and the mechanisms governing PD regulation remain incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest the existence of diverse regulatory mechanisms beyond the classical callose-based model, revealing a likely complex interplay of several PD regulators across development. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of PD in various plant developmental programs, discuss emerging regulatory mechanisms, and highlight how much remains to be discovered.

植物是多细胞生物，其中许多专门的细胞类型必须作为一个统一的系统进行交流才能发挥作用。植物细胞被坚硬的细胞壁包围，因此，细胞间的通讯需要胞间连丝（plasmodesmata， PD）的存在，这是连接相邻细胞的细胞质通道。这些结构对于协调各组织的发育阶段至关重要。为了确保正常的生长发育，必须严格控制信号分子、rna、蛋白质和营养物质通过PD的运动，强调调节其选择性的重要性。尽管它们具有重要作用，但PD参与发育过程的直接证据有限，PD调节的机制仍然不完全清楚。最近的研究表明，除了经典的以胼胝体为基础的模型之外，还存在多种调节机制，揭示了几种PD调节机制在发育过程中可能存在复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了PD在各种植物发育过程中的作用的最新发现，讨论了新兴的调控机制，并强调了还有多少有待发现。

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引用次数: 0

mRNA methylation at the crossroads of translation, transport, and decay in plant development and stress responses mRNA甲基化在植物发育和胁迫反应中翻译、运输和衰变的十字路口

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102851

Yihan Dong , Wenna Zhang , Veli Vural Uslu

Modified nucleotides on RNAs have been investigated for over six decades for their potential role in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis across a wide range of organisms, from animals to plants and fungi, as well as in viral genetic materials. Among them, mRNA methylation stands out with its dynamic nature, which underscores the adaptability of the epitranscriptome in developmental transitions and response to environmental stress, especially in plants. Advances in next-generation sequencing methods have revealed the specific sequence contexts of mRNA methylation, uncovering their involvement in gene regulatory networks. Additionally, genetic perturbations on the writers, erasers, and readers of m⁶A and m⁵C expanded our understanding of the physiological function and the mode of action of these modifications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding how mRNA fate decisions, mainly determined by m⁶A and m⁵C RNA methylation, shape stress response and development in plants.

60多年来，人们一直在研究rna上修饰的核苷酸在多种生物（从动物到植物和真菌）以及病毒遗传物质中调控基因表达和蛋白质合成的潜在作用。其中，mRNA甲基化以其动态特性而引人注目，这强调了表转录组在发育转变和对环境胁迫的响应中的适应性，特别是在植物中。新一代测序方法的进步揭示了mRNA甲基化的特定序列背景，揭示了它们参与基因调控网络。此外，对m6A和m5C的写入、删除和读取器的遗传扰动扩展了我们对这些修饰的生理功能和作用模式的理解。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在理解mRNA命运决定（主要由m6A和m5C RNA甲基化决定）如何影响植物的逆境响应和发育方面的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Non-coding regulation in seasonal flowering control – Insights from FLC 季节性开花控制中的非编码调控——来自FLC的见解

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102831

Mélanie Ormancey, Julia I. Qüesta

As sessile organisms, plants must adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, with temperature serving as a key driver of developmental transitions. The ability to accurately perceive and respond to seasonal temperature fluctuations is critical for plant survival and reproductive success. In many species, prolonged exposure to the low temperatures of autumn and winter triggers vernalization, enabling flowering to occur under favourable spring conditions. This process has been extensively characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, particularly through studies of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In this mini review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of vernalization, focusing on how non-coding polymorphisms influence FLC transcript accumulation and expression of long non-coding RNAs, thereby altering vernalization requirement and efficiency. Variation in the quantitative expression of FLC and its homologs has shaped the evolution of diverse life-history strategies of Arabidopsis relatives within the Brassicaceae family. Dissecting how naturally occurring non-coding variants reconfigure the cis-regulatory landscape of FLC-like genes will be key to understanding the molecular basis of phenological diversity. Such insights not only illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of flowering time control but also holds promise to provide targets for crop improvement under changing climatic conditions.

作为无根生物，植物必须适应波动的环境条件，温度是发育转变的关键驱动因素。准确感知和应对季节温度波动的能力对植物的生存和繁殖成功至关重要。在许多物种中，长时间暴露在秋冬的低温下会触发春化，使开花在有利的春季条件下发生。这一过程已经在拟南芥中得到了广泛的表征，特别是通过对花抑制因子开花位点C （FLC）的研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了春化遗传基础的最新进展，重点介绍了非编码多态性如何影响FLC转录物的积累和长链非编码rna的表达，从而改变春化的需求和效率。FLC及其同源基因的定量表达变化影响了芸苔科拟南芥近缘植物不同生活史策略的进化。剖析自然发生的非编码变异如何重新配置flc样基因的顺式调控景观将是理解物候多样性的分子基础的关键。这些见解不仅阐明了开花时间控制的进化动力学，而且有望在不断变化的气候条件下为作物改良提供目标。

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引用次数: 0

Gene expression scaling with cell size: Insights across kingdoms 基因表达随细胞大小缩放：跨王国的见解。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102852

Alejandro Fonseca, Stefanie Rosa

Gene expression is typically studied on a gene-by-gene basis, with regulation analyzed primarily in response to environmental or developmental cues. In contrast, much less is known about how intrinsic factors, such as cell size or DNA content, influence global gene expression patterns. Cell size varies significantly across different cell types and dynamically changes during the cell cycle. To maintain proper intracellular concentrations of biomolecules such as mRNAs and proteins, gene expression must be coordinated with cell size. Emerging evidence from diverse organisms, including bacteria, yeast, animals, and plants, demonstrates that transcriptional output scales with cell size, suggesting a conserved principle of gene regulation. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense their size and modulate gene expression accordingly remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent advances in uncovering the molecular and cellular principles of gene expression scaling with cell size across kingdoms. We also highlight key open questions in the field, with a particular emphasis on how plant systems, still underexplored in this context, can provide additional insights into the fundamental principles of size-dependent gene regulation.

基因表达通常是在一个基因一个基因的基础上进行研究，主要是根据环境或发育线索分析调控。相比之下，人们对细胞大小或DNA含量等内在因素如何影响整体基因表达模式知之甚少。细胞大小在不同的细胞类型中变化很大，并且在细胞周期中动态变化。为了维持适当的细胞内生物分子浓度，如mrna和蛋白质，基因表达必须与细胞大小相协调。来自不同生物（包括细菌、酵母、动物和植物）的新证据表明，转录输出随细胞大小而变化，表明基因调控的保守原则。然而，细胞感知其大小并相应地调节基因表达的机制仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的进展，揭示基因表达的分子和细胞原理与跨越王国的细胞大小缩放。我们还强调了该领域的关键开放问题，特别强调了在这种背景下仍未充分探索的植物系统如何能够为大小依赖性基因调控的基本原理提供额外的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Conserved, yet distinct: revisiting the roles of C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) and homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complexes in plants 保守，但独特：重新审视C核液泡/核内体系聚（CORVET）和同型融合和液泡蛋白分选（HOPS）复合物在植物中的作用

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102827

Graciela Veronica Castro, Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlan

The spatially constrained nature of plant cells makes them highly reliant on targeted membrane vesicle trafficking, which sustains proper cellular function, tissue organization, and overall plant growth and development. These mechanisms are regulated by small GTPases, which function assembling tethering complexes and later serve as their effectors. Tethering factors facilitate the initial contact between the target membrane and incoming vesicles, thereby playing a pivotal role in vesicle targeting and fusion. This review focuses on two tethering complexes, the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) and the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, which have been best studied in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The activity of these complexes has been linked to the regulation of multivesicular endosomes with the vacuole membrane. However, recent reports propose additional functions for specific HOPS subunits regulating other fusion events. Despite these advances, our understanding of HOPS/CORVET function and regulation, including the input of small GTPases, remains incomplete. Thus, in this review, we emphasize the essential role of the HOPS/CORVET tethering complex in plant growth and development while identifying key gaps for future research.

植物细胞的空间有限性使得它们高度依赖于靶向膜泡运输，这维持了正常的细胞功能、组织组织和整体植物的生长发育。这些机制是由小的gtp酶调节的，它的功能是组装系缚复合物，然后作为它们的效应器。系泊因子促进了靶膜与传入囊泡的初始接触，在囊泡靶向融合中起着关键作用。本文综述了在模式植物拟南芥中研究最多的两种系留复合物，即C类核心液泡/核内体系留复合物（CORVET）和同型融合与液泡蛋白分选复合物（HOPS）。这些复合物的活性与液泡膜对多泡内体的调节有关。然而，最近的报道提出了特定的HOPS亚基调节其他融合事件的附加功能。尽管取得了这些进展，但我们对HOPS/CORVET功能和调控（包括小GTPases的输入）的了解仍然不完整。因此，在这篇综述中，我们强调了啤酒花/CORVET系结复合物在植物生长发育中的重要作用，同时指出了未来研究的关键空白。

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引用次数: 0

Blinded by the lights? Re-examining the adaptive role of transposable elements in plants with population genomics 被灯光弄瞎了眼睛？用群体基因组学重新审视转座因子在植物中的适应性作用。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102846

Anne C. Roulin

Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous components of the genome whose mobility can be triggered by environmental stress and influenced by genotype–environment interactions. In plants, TEs constitute a substantial proportion of the genome and frequently cause large-effect mutations that impact gene regulation, methylation, and phenotype expression. These characteristics have recently positioned TEs as potential drivers of rapid local adaptation. However, this perspective is not always integrated with the broader understanding of fitness effects and neutral processes. Despite numerous associations between TEs and fitness-related traits, clear cases directly linking TE insertion, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations—i.e., genuine examples of local adaptation—remain rare in plants. Emerging population-genomic evidence presents a more complex picture: while some TE insertions may facilitate adaptation or rapid responses to environmental change, most are selected against and act as deleterious, selfish elements. The evolutionary dynamics of TEs are further modulated by genome architecture, reproductive system, and ecological context, underscoring their system-specific behavior. In this opinion piece, I argue that generalizing about the significance of TEs in local adaptation in plants is fraught with complexity and risks oversimplification. As sequencing technologies advance, integrating theoretical population genetics with large-scale comparative analyses and simulations across a wider range of species will be essential to more fully characterize the dynamics of TEs.

转座因子（te）是基因组中普遍存在的组成部分，其迁移可由环境胁迫触发，并受基因型-环境相互作用的影响。在植物中，te构成了基因组的很大一部分，并且经常引起影响基因调控、甲基化和表型表达的大效应突变。这些特征最近使TEs成为快速本地适应的潜在驱动因素。然而，这一观点并不总是与对适应度效应和中性过程的更广泛理解相结合。尽管TE与适应度相关性状之间存在许多关联，但在自然种群中，有明确的病例直接将TE插入、表型和适应度联系起来。在植物中仍然很少有真正的地方适应的例子。新出现的种群基因组证据呈现了一个更复杂的画面：虽然一些TE插入可能促进适应或对环境变化的快速反应，但大多数被选择为有害的，自私的元素。TEs的进化动态进一步受到基因组结构、生殖系统和生态环境的调节，强调了它们的系统特异性行为。在这篇观点文章中，我认为概括te在植物本地适应中的重要性充满了复杂性和过于简单化的风险。随着测序技术的进步，将理论种群遗传学与更大范围物种的大规模比较分析和模拟相结合，对于更全面地表征TEs动态至关重要。

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