Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Alkaloid evolution in the Solanaceae 茄科生物碱的进化

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102727

Pablo A. Pérez-Mesa , Federico Roda

Alkaloids are a diverse class of nitrogen-containing metabolites involved in key biotic interactions, such as defense against herbivores and pathogens and the recruitment of pollinators. The Solanaceae family has served as a model for studying alkaloid evolution, due to the varied types of alkaloids it produces, such as nicotinoids, tropane alkaloids (TAs), steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), and capsaicinoids. Recent multi-omics and comparative genomics studies have expanded our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms driving alkaloid diversification. These metabolites are produced by specific clades within the family, often in response to selective pressures such as herbivore and pathogen coevolution, which shape alkaloid profiles through both diversification and reduction. Evolutionary processes like genome duplications, rearrangements, and introgressions have also played a significant role in the emergence of new alkaloid pathways, promoting metabolic adaptations. The Solanaceae family exhibits both convergence and divergence in alkaloid production, with certain alkaloids arising independently in different lineages. Notably, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and gene duplication have been linked to alkaloid diversification, with the structure and function of these regions driving metabolic variability. Furthermore, human domestication of plants such as tobacco and chili peppers has influenced the alkaloid profiles of crop species, particularly in terms of pest resistance and flavor. The evolution of alkaloids in this family has not only shaped plant defense mechanisms but also has important implications for human health and agriculture. This review highlights the dynamic interplay between genetics, ecology, and human influence in the evolution of alkaloids within the Solanaceae family.

生物碱是一种多种含氮代谢物，参与关键的生物相互作用，如防御食草动物和病原体以及招募传粉者。由于茄科植物产生的生物碱种类繁多，如烟碱、tropane生物碱（TAs）、甾体糖生物碱（SGAs）和辣椒素等，因此茄科植物已成为研究生物碱进化的模型。最近的多组学和比较基因组学研究扩大了我们对驱动生物碱多样化的遗传和进化机制的理解。这些代谢物是由家族内的特定分支产生的，通常是对选择压力的反应，例如草食动物和病原体的共同进化，这些压力通过多样化和减少来塑造生物碱谱。基因组复制、重排和基因渗入等进化过程也在新的生物碱途径的出现中发挥了重要作用，促进了代谢适应。茄科植物在生物碱生产上既有趋同又有分化，某些生物碱在不同谱系中独立产生。值得注意的是，生物合成基因簇（BGCs）和基因复制与生物碱多样化有关，这些区域的结构和功能驱动代谢变异性。此外，人类对烟草和辣椒等植物的驯化影响了作物物种的生物碱谱，特别是在抗虫害和风味方面。该科生物碱的进化不仅塑造了植物的防御机制，而且对人类健康和农业具有重要意义。本文综述了茄科生物碱的遗传、生态和人类影响之间的动态相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Prospects for functional genomics of genes involved in coffee-specialized metabolism through cross-species integrative omics 通过跨物种整合组学研究咖啡代谢相关基因的功能基因组学前景

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102729

Maria Kenosis Emmanuelle Lachica , Mutsumi Watanabe , Shigehiko Kanaya , Alisdair R. Fernie , Takayuki Tohge

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most economically important crop species and serves as a rich source of bioactive specialized (secondary) metabolites with various health-promoting properties. Advances in analytical food chemistry and phytochemistry have elucidated an extensive and structurally diverse specialized metabolism in coffee beans, much of which contributes to both organoleptic attributes and adaptive physiological responses in coffee plants. Recent developments in omics-driven methodologies have provided new insights into both coffee metabolism and breeding strategies, particularly those aimed at enhancing both quality traits and environmental resilience. Comparative genomic analyses across Coffea species and cultivars have facilitated the detection of metabolic polymorphisms, enabling inter- and intra-species assessments of biosynthetic pathway variation and the refinement of biosynthetic frameworks for further functional genomics approaches. Such approaches yield critical information regarding the genetic and biochemical determinants underlying specialized metabolite accumulations, which can be directly applied for targeted metabolic engineering and crop improvement. Moreover, cross-species comparative omics and multi-omics integrative analyses, particularly in relation to phylogenetically relevant taxa such as Solanaceae species, exemplified by the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), provide valuable translational insights into conserved and divergent metabolic architectures.

咖啡（Coffea spp.）是经济上最重要的作物物种之一，是具有多种促进健康特性的生物活性特化（次生）代谢物的丰富来源。分析食品化学和植物化学的进展已经阐明了咖啡豆中广泛且结构多样的特殊代谢，这些代谢在很大程度上有助于咖啡植物的感官属性和适应性生理反应。组学驱动方法的最新发展为咖啡代谢和育种策略提供了新的见解，特别是那些旨在提高质量性状和环境适应能力的方法。跨咖啡种和栽培品种的比较基因组分析促进了代谢多态性的检测，使物种间和物种内生物合成途径变异的评估和生物合成框架的完善成为可能，从而为进一步的功能基因组学方法提供支持。这些方法产生了关于特殊代谢物积累的遗传和生化决定因素的关键信息，可以直接应用于有针对性的代谢工程和作物改良。此外，跨物种比较组学和多组学综合分析，特别是与系统发育相关的分类群，如茄科物种，如模式作物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum），为保守和分化的代谢结构提供了有价值的翻译见解。

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Advances in the analysis and application of metabolites from tropical plants 热带植物代谢物分析与应用研究进展

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102728

Yong Xiao , Wei Xia , Zhuang Yang , Junjie Zhou, Jie Luo

Tropical regions are characterized by a rich diversity of plant species and unique growth environments, resulting in the production of numerous important medicinal metabolites. This review summarizes the recent progress in the analysis of metabolites from tropical plants. These plants have developed specific metabolites that aid their adaptation to challenging environments, and these compounds hold significant medicinal value. The review further examines the genetic biosynthetic pathways that contribute to the production of these compounds, providing insights into the mechanisms of their synthesis. Additionally, it discusses future prospects for the utilization of these metabolites, exploring potential advancements in biotechnological approaches to enhance their production and application. By emphasizing the significance of tropical plants as reservoirs of bioactive substances, this review aims to encourage further exploration and sustainable use of these important natural resources in the field of medicine and beyond.

热带地区具有丰富多样的植物物种和独特的生长环境，从而产生了许多重要的药用代谢物。本文综述了近年来热带植物代谢物分析的研究进展。这些植物已经发展出特定的代谢物，帮助它们适应具有挑战性的环境，这些化合物具有重要的药用价值。该综述进一步研究了促进这些化合物产生的遗传生物合成途径，为其合成机制提供了见解。此外，还讨论了这些代谢物利用的未来前景，探讨了生物技术方法的潜在进展，以提高其生产和应用。通过强调热带植物作为生物活性物质储存库的重要性，本文旨在鼓励这些重要的自然资源在医学和其他领域的进一步开发和可持续利用。

引用次数: 0

Coordination and regulation of vascular development in roots 根维管发育的协调与调控

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102726

Yuki Kondo , Kyoko Ohashi-Ito

Vascular tissue is crucial for the transport of substances and physical support in most plants. Vascular development in roots encompasses cell proliferation, pattern formation, cell specification, and differentiation. In the roots, the positions and timing of cell proliferation and the differentiation of xylem and phloem cells are strictly controlled in order to achieve continuous vascular transport. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vascular development, with a particular focus on the modulators of each of the above aspects in Arabidopsis roots. In particular, recent technological advances such as genome editing technology and single-cell analysis have led to the discovery of important genes that control vascular development. This paper shows that factors such as hormones, peptides, transcription factors, and microRNAs interact in a multilayered manner to modulate key regulators of root vascular development, ensuring stable vascular formation.

在大多数植物中，维管组织对物质的运输和物理支持至关重要。根的维管发育包括细胞增殖、模式形成、细胞规格和分化。在根中，严格控制细胞增殖的位置和时间，以及木质部和韧皮部细胞的分化，以实现连续的维管运输。本文综述了近年来我们对维管发育的分子机制的理解，特别关注拟南芥根中上述各方面的调节剂。特别是，最近的技术进步，如基因组编辑技术和单细胞分析，导致发现了控制血管发育的重要基因。本文表明，激素、多肽、转录因子和microrna等因素通过多层相互作用，调控根维管发育的关键调控因子，保证了根维管的稳定形成。

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Recent insights into air space formation in plant shoots 最近对植物芽中空气空间形成的见解

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102725

Joohyun Kang , Kyungyoon Kim , Jooyeon Woo , Thanh Ha Thi Do , Yuree Lee

An adequate supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide is essential for plant survival. Although plant cell walls are somewhat porous, their hydrated nature hampers gas diffusion. Furthermore, the cuticular wax coating the epidermal layer of aerial tissues strongly inhibits gas exchange. Because plants lack specialized systems that bind and transport gases, gases must be directly delivered to the target cells. This necessitates the establishment of effective gas transport pathways connecting stomata to the target cells. However, our understanding of this process remains fragmented. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying air space formation in various model and non-model plant species. This review aims to consolidate these findings, to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of air space formation, and to outline potential avenues for future research that will address remaining gaps in knowledge.

充足的氧气和二氧化碳供应对植物的生存至关重要。虽然植物细胞壁有些多孔，但它们的水合性质阻碍了气体的扩散。此外，覆盖在空中组织表皮层的角质层蜡强烈地抑制了气体交换。由于植物缺乏结合和运输气体的专门系统，气体必须直接输送到目标细胞。这就需要建立有效的气体输送途径，将气孔与靶细胞连接起来。然而，我们对这一过程的理解仍然是零散的。最近的研究揭示了各种模式和非模式植物物种空气空间形成的机制。本综述旨在巩固这些发现，对我们目前对空域形成的理解提供一个全面的概述，并概述未来研究的潜在途径，以解决剩余的知识空白。

引用次数: 0

Chemodiversity of sulfur-containing metabolites emphasizing the ecophysiology of Allium plants and the developmental innovations in bulb formation 含硫代谢物的化学多样性，强调葱属植物的生态生理和鳞茎形成的发育创新

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102724

Mustafa Bulut

Sulfur (S) metabolism has played a critical role in the evolution of life, serving as an energy source for early biochemical pathways like dissimilatory S reduction and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Across kingdoms, S metabolism displays remarkable diversity. S-containing metabolites like glucosinolates (GLSs) in Brassicaceae and S-alk(en)ylcysteine sulfoxides in Allium species illustrate the ecological and evolutionary significance of S-containing compounds. These metabolites contribute to defense, homeostasis, and ecological interactions, with mechanisms like enzymatic hydrolysis releasing bioactive molecules such as allicin. Further, advances in transcriptomics and biochemical studies have revealed the genetic underpinnings of S metabolism and specialized pathways in bulb-forming Allium species. The role extends to ecological interactions by modulating S-associated defense pathways. This integrative understanding of S metabolism underscores its evolutionary, physiological, and ecological importance.

硫代谢在生命进化中起着至关重要的作用，作为早期生化途径的能量来源，如异化S还原和无氧光合作用。在不同的王国中，S的代谢表现出显著的多样性。十字花科植物中含硫代葡萄糖苷（GLSs）和葱属植物中含硫代半胱氨酸亚砜（S-alk(en) yl半胱氨酸亚砜）等代谢物说明了含硫化合物的生态和进化意义。这些代谢物有助于防御、体内平衡和生态相互作用，其机制如酶水解释放生物活性分子，如大蒜素。此外，转录组学和生化研究的进展揭示了S代谢的遗传基础和葱属植物成球的特殊途径。通过调节s相关的防御途径，其作用扩展到生态相互作用。这种对S代谢的综合理解强调了它在进化、生理和生态方面的重要性。

引用次数: 0

Not just flavor: Insights into the metabolism of tea plants 不仅仅是味道：对茶树新陈代谢的洞察

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102716

Deyuan Jiang , Weiwei Wen

Tea, one of the world's most popular beverages, boasts a rich cultural history and distinctive flavor profiles. With advances in genomics and plant metabolism research, significant progress has been made in understanding the biosynthetic pathways and the underlying regulatory mechanisms of tea plants (Camellia sinensis). Tea metabolites play a pivotal role in determining tea flavor, and functional properties, while also being closely tied to the plant's stress resistance, environmental adaptability, and other newly discovered biological functions. In recent years, research has expanded beyond the well-characterized metabolites, such as catechins, l-theanine, and caffeine, to include volatile compounds, hormones, photosynthetic pigments, lignin, and other recently discovered metabolites, shedding new light on the intricate tea plant metabolism. This review highlights the biosynthetic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of key metabolites in tea plants, with a focus on the critical enzyme genes and regulatory factors. Additionally, emerging technologies and methodologies applied in tea plant metabolism research are briefly introduced. By further exploring the biological functions of tea metabolites and their upstream regulatory networks, future studies may offer theoretical insights and technological support for tea plant cultivation, tea quality improvement, and the sustainable development of the tea industry.

茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮料之一，有着丰富的文化历史和独特的风味。随着基因组学和植物代谢研究的深入，人们对茶树生物合成途径及其调控机制的认识取得了重大进展。茶叶代谢物在决定茶叶风味和功能特性方面起着关键作用，同时也与植物的抗逆性、环境适应性和其他新发现的生物功能密切相关。近年来，对茶树代谢的研究已经超越了儿茶素、l-茶氨酸和咖啡因等代谢产物，扩展到包括挥发性化合物、激素、光合色素、木质素和其他最近发现的代谢产物，为茶树复杂的代谢提供了新的视角。本文综述了茶树主要代谢产物的生物合成途径和调控机制，重点介绍了关键酶基因和调控因子。并简要介绍了茶树代谢研究的新兴技术和方法。通过进一步探索茶叶代谢物的生物学功能及其上游调控网络，未来的研究可为茶树栽培、茶叶品质提升和茶产业的可持续发展提供理论见解和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of cytokinetic machinery in plants 植物细胞动力学机制的调控

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102723

Andrei Smertenko

Plant cells divide by constructing a two-dimensional membrane compartment filled with oligosaccharides known as the cell plate. The cell plate is produced by the phragmoplast, a plant-specific structure composed of cytoskeletal polymers, membranes, and associated proteins. Initially, the phragmoplast forms as a disk between daughter nuclei at the end of anaphase, then continues to expand outward until the cell plate connects to the parental cell wall. Phragmoplast expansion encompasses dramatic reorganization of microtubules. At the start, microtubules form short antiparallel overlaps that initiate cell plate biogenesis by recruiting membrane material in the form of cytokinetic vesicles. Subsequent membrane expansion and remodeling processes are accompanied by dissolution of the antiparallel overlaps and attachment of microtubules to the cell plate biogenesis machinery. Deposition of oligosaccharides into the lumen confers mechanical rigidity to the cell plate that triggers depolymerization of microtubules. Precise coordination of microtubule organization with vesicle trafficking, membrane remodeling, and the deposition of oligosaccharides plays a critical role for cell plate production. This review summarizes current understanding of key signaling pathways that couple diverse processes in the phragmoplast.

植物细胞通过构建一个充满低聚糖的二维膜室（称为细胞板）进行分裂。细胞板是由膜质体制造的，膜质体是一种植物特有的结构，由细胞骨架聚合物、膜和相关蛋白质组成。最初，在后期末期，片质体在子细胞核之间形成一个圆盘，然后继续向外扩张，直到细胞板与亲本细胞壁相连。膜质体的扩张包括微管的剧烈重组。开始时，微管形成短的反平行重叠，通过以细胞动力学囊泡的形式招募膜材料，启动细胞板的生物发生。随后的膜扩张和重塑过程伴随着反平行重叠的溶解和微管附着到细胞板生物发生机制上。低聚糖在管腔内的沉积使细胞板具有机械刚性，从而引发微管的解聚。微管组织与囊泡运输、膜重塑和低聚糖沉积的精确协调在细胞板的产生中起着关键作用。这篇综述总结了目前对phragmoplasast中不同过程耦合的关键信号通路的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Roles of sugar metabolism and transport in flower development 糖代谢和转运在花发育中的作用

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102722

Monica Borghi

Flowers, which are primarily heterotrophic, thrive on photosynthates transported to the floral receptacle through the phloem. Once phloem unloading occurs, carbohydrates are distributed to various flower organs to support growth and development. This brief review summarizes how flowers acquire carbohydrates and transport them to different organs and tissues through the coordinated actions of transporters and enzymes, as well as the developmental issues that arise from carbohydrate imbalances. It will also discuss recently discovered transcription factors that regulate carbohydrate utilization in anthers and pistils. Additionally, the review provides an overview of the role of sugars as signaling molecules regulating floral organ development and the interaction between sugars and hormones.

花主要是异养的，依靠通过韧皮部运输到花托的光合作用而茁壮成长。一旦韧皮部卸荷发生，碳水化合物被分配到各个花器官，以支持生长发育。本文简要综述了花如何通过转运体和酶的协调作用获取碳水化合物并将其运输到不同的器官和组织，以及碳水化合物失衡引起的发育问题。还将讨论最近发现的调控花药和雌蕊碳水化合物利用的转录因子。此外，本文还综述了糖作为信号分子调控花器官发育的作用以及糖与激素之间的相互作用。

引用次数: 0

Phylogenetic and genomic mechanisms shaping glucosinolate innovation 形成硫代葡萄糖苷创新的系统发育和基因组机制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102705

Kevin A. Bird , Amanda Agosto Ramos , Daniel J. Kliebenstein

Plants have created an immense diversity of specialized metabolites to optimize fitness within a complex environment. Each plant lineage has created novel metabolites often using the classical duplication/neo-functionalization model, but this is constrained by undersampled genera and an absence of high-quality genomes. Phylogenetically resolved genomes, deeper chemical sampling and mechanistic assessment of glucosinolate diversity in the Brassicales is beginning to fill in a deeper understanding of how chemical novelty arises. This is showing that small-scale duplications like tandem or distal events may have more influence on the formation of metabolic novelty. Similarly, this is showing that gene loss is playing a significant role in metabolic diversity across the entire genera. Finally, mechanistic work is showing that the glucosinolate pathway is not a defined endpoint but is being used as a launching pad for the creation of other metabolites. In combination, this work is showing the potential in combining high-quality genomes with balanced phylogenetic sampling to develop improved models on how specialized metabolite gene evolution occurs.

植物创造了大量的专门代谢物，以优化在复杂环境中的适应性。每个植物谱系都创造了新的代谢物，通常使用经典的复制/新功能化模型，但这受到采样不足的属和缺乏高质量基因组的限制。系统发育上解决的基因组，更深入的化学采样和芥子油苷多样性的机制评估，开始填补对化学新颖性如何产生的更深层次的理解。这表明，像串联或远端事件这样的小规模重复可能对代谢新颖性的形成有更大的影响。同样，这表明基因丢失在整个属的代谢多样性中起着重要作用。最后，机制研究表明硫代葡萄糖苷途径不是一个确定的终点，而是被用作其他代谢物产生的跳板。总之，这项工作显示了将高质量基因组与平衡的系统发育采样相结合的潜力，以开发关于特化代谢物基因进化如何发生的改进模型。

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