Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Some assembly required: Modularity and programmability as keys to decoupling growth-defence trade-offs in plants 一些组装要求：模块化和可编程性是解耦植物生长-防御权衡的关键。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102811

Rachelle R.Q. Lee , Donghui Hu , Eunyoung Chae

Growth-defence trade-off has long been considered an inevitable consequence of resource competition in plants. However, emerging evidence from autoimmune mutants and helper NLR studies reveals this paradigm to be fundamentally incomplete. Rather than simple resource limitation, plants coordinate growth-defence balance through programmable transcriptional networks centred on regulatory hubs such as the EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 (EPA) complex. Meta-analysis across diverse immune contexts demonstrates that defence and growth genes exhibit a remarkably consistent relationship, operating through segregated yet coordinated molecular modules. The discovery that ADR1 helper NLRs simultaneously enhance immune responses whilst actively suppressing growth-related genes—rather than competing passively for shared resources—exposes the coordinated nature of this trade-off. Networks downstream of ADR1 also exhibit remarkable regulatory exclusivity, and this modular organisation, combined with proof-of-concept successes in decoupling immunity from growth penalties through targeted genetic interventions, challenges the zero-sum assumption underlying current crop improvement strategies. Understanding these conserved regulatory circuits opens unprecedented opportunities for engineering optimised plant immunity without yield penalties, transforming agriculture from accepting inevitable trade-offs to programming flexible resource allocation.

长期以来，生长与防御的权衡一直被认为是植物资源竞争的必然结果。然而，来自自身免疫突变体和辅助NLR研究的新证据表明，这种范式从根本上说是不完整的。植物不是简单的资源限制，而是通过以EDS1-PAD4-ADR1 （EPA）复合体等调控枢纽为中心的可编程转录网络来协调生长-防御平衡。对不同免疫环境的荟萃分析表明，防御和生长基因表现出显著一致的关系，通过分离但协调的分子模块运作。ADR1辅助性nlr在增强免疫反应的同时积极抑制生长相关基因，而不是被动地竞争共享资源，这一发现揭示了这种权衡的协调本质。ADR1下游的网络也表现出显著的监管排他性，这种模块化组织，加上通过有针对性的遗传干预将免疫与生长惩罚脱钩的概念验证成功，挑战了当前作物改良策略背后的零和假设。了解这些保守的调控回路为在不影响产量的情况下优化植物免疫提供了前所未有的机会，将农业从接受不可避免的权衡转变为规划灵活的资源分配。

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引用次数: 0

Polyploid genome evolution across land plants: Progress and perspectives 陆生植物多倍体基因组进化：进展与展望

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102857

Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss, Gerald M. Schneeweiss, Norman J. Wickett

The enormous wealth of data on the incidence of polyploidy and its significance for genome evolution in angiosperms has greatly advanced our understanding of plant evolution. This has enabled the identification of correlations between polyploidization and life history trait evolution as well as unraveling the complex interplay between genome multiplication and the biology of individual lineages giving rise to intricate and unique patterns of genome evolution despite shared evolutionary processes. Advances in sequencing and analytical methods result in the quickly increasing representation of other land plant lineages, such as bryophytes or ferns. These data continue to reveal that the levels of genome evolution complexity known from angiosperms are to be found across all land plants, albeit to lineage-specific extents. Greatly expanded taxonomic sampling across land plants will not only deepen our understanding of the interplay between polyploidy and the evolution of traits and life histories, e.g. in the context of the conquest of land, but also will allow an evolutionarily broader assessment of the role of polyploidy in shaping genome dynamics.

关于被子植物多倍体发生率及其对基因组进化意义的大量数据极大地促进了我们对植物进化的理解。这使得鉴定多倍体化和生活史性状进化之间的相关性，以及揭示基因组增殖和个体谱系生物学之间的复杂相互作用，尽管共享进化过程，但却产生了复杂而独特的基因组进化模式。测序和分析方法的进步导致其他陆地植物谱系的代表性迅速增加，如苔藓植物或蕨类植物。这些数据继续表明，从被子植物中已知的基因组进化复杂性水平在所有陆地植物中都可以找到，尽管是在谱系特定的程度上。在陆地植物中大量扩展的分类样本不仅将加深我们对多倍体与性状进化和生活史之间相互作用的理解，例如在征服土地的背景下，而且将允许对多倍体在塑造基因组动力学中的作用进行更广泛的进化评估。

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引用次数: 0

The potential of plant palaeogenomic research 植物古基因组研究的潜力

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102856

Jazmín Ramos-Madrigal

Plant palaeogenomics has transformed the way we study plant evolution. After a slow start, the last decade has seen a shift from the study of a few genomic markers to genome-wide data and complete genomes across multiple species. These studies have changed fundamental ideas about plant domestication and evolution.

The field still has great potential to unlock. Emerging approaches promise to recover genomic information from both plants and their associated microbes from macrobotanical remains, providing a new perspective to study deep-time plant-microbiome coevolution. Environmental DNA preserved in ancient sediments may soon yield complete plant genomes, expanding our ability to study population dynamics well before the rise of agriculture. Ancient genomes also provide a reservoir of lost genetic diversity that we could exploit to improve crop resilience and adaptation.

植物古基因组学改变了我们研究植物进化的方式。经过缓慢的起步，过去十年见证了从研究少数基因组标记到研究全基因组数据和跨多个物种的完整基因组的转变。这些研究改变了关于植物驯化和进化的基本观点。该领域仍有巨大的潜力有待开发。新兴的方法有望从大型植物遗骸中恢复植物及其相关微生物的基因组信息，为研究植物-微生物组的深度协同进化提供新的视角。保存在古代沉积物中的环境DNA可能很快就会产生完整的植物基因组，从而扩大我们在农业兴起之前研究种群动态的能力。古代基因组还提供了一个丢失的遗传多样性储存库，我们可以利用它来提高作物的抗逆性和适应性。

引用次数: 0

Decoding plant cell heterogeneity and dynamics across responses, development, to evolution with single-cell technologies 解码植物细胞异质性和动态跨越响应，发展，进化与单细胞技术

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102854

Dongbo Shi , Keiko Sugimoto , Kenji Fukushima

Single-cell technologies are redefining plant cell identity. Traditional classifications based on position, morphology, and a few marker genes yielded static, coarse cell categories. In contrast, single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveal hidden cellular heterogeneity and reconstruct developmental trajectories in ostensibly well-characterized plant tissues including vasculature and mesophyll. Environmental cues such as pathogen attack, drought, and wounding generate transient, spatially restricted cell states that bulk profiling masks, and these dynamics are best resolved by integrating single-cell data with spatial transcriptomics and live imaging. Comparative single-cell analyses extend these insights across evolution, revealing conserved core cell-type groups, lineage-specific innovations, and rapid transcriptomic rewiring in particular cell types. Emerging computational strategies mitigate orthology issues caused by genome duplications, enabling robust cross-species atlas alignment. These advances demonstrate that plant cell identity is dynamic, context-dependent, and distributed along continuous spectra. We argue that future frameworks should balance discrete cell-type labels with flexible state-based descriptions and integrate multiomic and spatial information to capture the full plasticity of plant cells, from ephemeral stress responses to millennial evolutionary changes.

单细胞技术正在重新定义植物细胞的特性。传统的基于位置、形态和一些标记基因的分类产生了静态的、粗糙的细胞分类。相比之下，单细胞和单核RNA测序揭示了隐藏的细胞异质性，并重建了表面上表征良好的植物组织（包括脉管系统和叶肉）的发育轨迹。环境线索，如病原体攻击、干旱和伤害，会产生短暂的、空间受限的细胞状态，而这些状态会被批量分析所掩盖，这些动态最好通过将单细胞数据与空间转录组学和实时成像相结合来解决。比较单细胞分析将这些见解扩展到进化中，揭示了保守的核心细胞类型群，谱系特异性创新以及特定细胞类型中的快速转录组重新布线。新兴的计算策略减轻了由基因组复制引起的同源问题，实现了强大的跨物种图谱比对。这些进展表明，植物细胞身份是动态的，环境依赖的，并沿连续光谱分布。我们认为，未来的框架应该平衡离散的细胞类型标签和灵活的基于状态的描述，并整合多组学和空间信息，以捕捉植物细胞的全部可塑性，从短暂的应激反应到千年的进化变化。

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引用次数: 0

NLR receptor subcellular localization and plant immune activation NLR受体亚细胞定位与植物免疫激活

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102855

Di Liang , Li Huang , Dehe Zhu , Yiwen Deng , Zuhua He

Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) proteins serve as cornerstone components of the plant immune system, typically recognizing pathogen effector proteins to assemble resistance complexes (resistosomes) that trigger robust immune responses. As pivotal targets for crop disease resistance breeding, NLRs have been shown to exhibit subcellular localization-dependent functional regulation, influencing processes including effector recognition, immune complex assembly, and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Here, we review the distinct subcellular compartmentalization patterns of NLR proteins and their mechanistic roles in orchestrating plant disease resistance.

核苷酸结合蛋白和富含亮氨酸的重复受体（NLR）蛋白是植物免疫系统的基石成分，通常识别病原体效应蛋白组装抗性复合物（抗性小体），从而引发强大的免疫反应。作为作物抗病育种的关键靶点，NLRs已被证明具有亚细胞定位依赖的功能调控，影响包括效应物识别、免疫复合物组装和下游信号通路激活在内的过程。在这里，我们回顾了NLR蛋白的不同亚细胞区隔模式及其在协调植物抗病中的机制作用。

引用次数: 0

Gene expression scaling with cell size: Insights across kingdoms 基因表达随细胞大小缩放：跨王国的见解。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102852

Alejandro Fonseca, Stefanie Rosa

Gene expression is typically studied on a gene-by-gene basis, with regulation analyzed primarily in response to environmental or developmental cues. In contrast, much less is known about how intrinsic factors, such as cell size or DNA content, influence global gene expression patterns. Cell size varies significantly across different cell types and dynamically changes during the cell cycle. To maintain proper intracellular concentrations of biomolecules such as mRNAs and proteins, gene expression must be coordinated with cell size. Emerging evidence from diverse organisms, including bacteria, yeast, animals, and plants, demonstrates that transcriptional output scales with cell size, suggesting a conserved principle of gene regulation. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense their size and modulate gene expression accordingly remain poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent advances in uncovering the molecular and cellular principles of gene expression scaling with cell size across kingdoms. We also highlight key open questions in the field, with a particular emphasis on how plant systems, still underexplored in this context, can provide additional insights into the fundamental principles of size-dependent gene regulation.

基因表达通常是在一个基因一个基因的基础上进行研究，主要是根据环境或发育线索分析调控。相比之下，人们对细胞大小或DNA含量等内在因素如何影响整体基因表达模式知之甚少。细胞大小在不同的细胞类型中变化很大，并且在细胞周期中动态变化。为了维持适当的细胞内生物分子浓度，如mrna和蛋白质，基因表达必须与细胞大小相协调。来自不同生物（包括细菌、酵母、动物和植物）的新证据表明，转录输出随细胞大小而变化，表明基因调控的保守原则。然而，细胞感知其大小并相应地调节基因表达的机制仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的进展，揭示基因表达的分子和细胞原理与跨越王国的细胞大小缩放。我们还强调了该领域的关键开放问题，特别强调了在这种背景下仍未充分探索的植物系统如何能够为大小依赖性基因调控的基本原理提供额外的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Divergent routes to specialization: Guard cells, myrosin cells, and beyond 分化途径：保卫细胞、黑素细胞等

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102853

Yuta Horiuchi, Makoto Shirakawa

Plant cell type diversity often arises from transcriptional regulatory programs that co-opt conserved transcription factors (TFs) involved in other developmental programs. For example, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TF FAMA directs the differentiation of guard cells (GCs), and part of the FAMA regulatory network was co-opted to direct the differentiation of Brassicales-specific idioblasts known as myrosin cells (MCs). In this review, we explore how new cell types and lineage-specific innovations can be specified by the same conserved bHLH TFs through different sets of downstream targets. We discuss how two direct targets of FAMA, WASABI MAKER (WSB) and STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 (SCAP1), have different effects on cell differentiation: sequential WSB–SCAP1 activation ensures GC maturation, whereas sustained WSB activity suppresses GC identity and establishes MC identity by activating the WSB target gene CELL CYCLE SWITCH PROTEIN 52 A1. We summarize the results of a single-cell transcriptome deep sequencing analysis that uncovered unexpected MCs in Arabidopsis thaliana roots that appear to be derived from phloem lineages rather than ground meristem in a process potentially regulated by the FAMA–WSB module, highlighting the developmental flexibility of these cell types. We discuss the finding that a FAMA-like regulator in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha was co-opted for seta development, suggesting that FAMA-like factors were independently recruited multiple times across land plants. These examples collectively illustrate how conserved TFs diversify cell fates through co-option, providing a framework for addressing broader questions about cellular specialization in plants.

植物细胞类型的多样性通常源于转录调控程序，这些转录调控程序选择了参与其他发育程序的保守转录因子（TFs）。例如，基本螺旋-环-螺旋（bHLH） TF FAMA指导保护细胞（GCs）的分化，部分FAMA调节网络被用来指导十字花科植物特异性异母细胞（称为myrosin细胞（MCs））的分化。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了新的细胞类型和谱系特异性创新如何通过不同的下游靶标由相同的保守bHLH tf指定。我们讨论了FAMA的两个直接靶点WASABI MAKER （WSB）和STOMATAL CARPENTER 1 （SCAP1）如何对细胞分化产生不同的影响：顺序激活WSB - SCAP1确保GC成熟，而持续的WSB活性通过激活WSB靶基因cell CYCLE SWITCH PROTEIN 52 A1抑制GC身份并建立MC身份。我们总结了一项单细胞转录组深度测序分析的结果，该分析发现拟南芥根系中意想不到的MCs似乎来自韧皮谱系，而不是ground分生组织，这一过程可能受到FAMA-WSB模块的调节，突出了这些细胞类型的发育灵活性。我们讨论了在多态地茅（Marchantia polymorpha）中一个类似fama的调节因子被增选用于集发育的发现，这表明fama样因子在陆地植物中被多次独立募集。这些例子共同说明了保守的tf如何通过协同选择使细胞命运多样化，为解决有关植物细胞特化的更广泛问题提供了一个框架。

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引用次数: 0

mRNA methylation at the crossroads of translation, transport, and decay in plant development and stress responses mRNA甲基化在植物发育和胁迫反应中翻译、运输和衰变的十字路口

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102851

Yihan Dong , Wenna Zhang , Veli Vural Uslu

Modified nucleotides on RNAs have been investigated for over six decades for their potential role in regulating gene expression and protein synthesis across a wide range of organisms, from animals to plants and fungi, as well as in viral genetic materials. Among them, mRNA methylation stands out with its dynamic nature, which underscores the adaptability of the epitranscriptome in developmental transitions and response to environmental stress, especially in plants. Advances in next-generation sequencing methods have revealed the specific sequence contexts of mRNA methylation, uncovering their involvement in gene regulatory networks. Additionally, genetic perturbations on the writers, erasers, and readers of m⁶A and m⁵C expanded our understanding of the physiological function and the mode of action of these modifications. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding how mRNA fate decisions, mainly determined by m⁶A and m⁵C RNA methylation, shape stress response and development in plants.

60多年来，人们一直在研究rna上修饰的核苷酸在多种生物（从动物到植物和真菌）以及病毒遗传物质中调控基因表达和蛋白质合成的潜在作用。其中，mRNA甲基化以其动态特性而引人注目，这强调了表转录组在发育转变和对环境胁迫的响应中的适应性，特别是在植物中。新一代测序方法的进步揭示了mRNA甲基化的特定序列背景，揭示了它们参与基因调控网络。此外，对m6A和m5C的写入、删除和读取器的遗传扰动扩展了我们对这些修饰的生理功能和作用模式的理解。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了在理解mRNA命运决定（主要由m6A和m5C RNA甲基化决定）如何影响植物的逆境响应和发育方面的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Stretching the boundaries: Expansion microscopy a game changer in super-resolution imaging 延伸边界：扩展显微镜是超分辨率成像的游戏规则改变者

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102848

Emmanuelle M. Bayer, Magali S. Grison

Super-resolution microscopy (SRM) has transformed the study of cellular structures, enabling imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Yet, the need for costly instrumentation has limited its accessibility. Expansion Microscopy microscopy (ExM), pioneered by Ed Boyden’s laboratory, offers an alternative by physically enlarging samples embedded within a swellable hydrogel. This simple principle makes nanoscale resolution achievable with conventional fluorescence microscopy. Since its introduction in 2015, ExM has rapidly diversified. Iterative ExM (iExM) increases resolution through repetitive expansion, chemical gel innovation enables single-step 10- to 20-fold expansion, and hybrid strategies combining ExM and SRM techniques have pushed resolution below 15 nm. ExM has now been applied to diverse biological models but its adaptation to complex plant tissues poses unique challenges due to their rigid cell walls. Recent advances in the field of plant science have started to address these obstacles, opening access to nanoscale imaging of plant cellular structures such as plasmodesmata and the mitotic spindle. In this review, we trace the development of ExM from its pioneering stages to current refinements, discuss methodological advances and hybrid approaches, examine technical limitations, and highlight emerging applications across biological models, with a particular focus on recent progress and future perspectives in plant biology.

超分辨率显微镜（SRM）已经改变了细胞结构的研究，使成像超越了衍射极限。然而，对昂贵仪器的需求限制了它的可及性。由Ed Boyden实验室首创的扩展显微镜（ExM）通过物理放大嵌入可膨胀水凝胶中的样品，提供了另一种选择。这个简单的原理使得传统的荧光显微镜可以实现纳米级的分辨率。自2015年推出以来，ExM迅速实现了多元化。迭代ExM （iExM）通过重复膨胀来提高分辨率，化学凝胶的创新使单步膨胀10到20倍，结合ExM和SRM技术的混合策略将分辨率降低到15纳米以下。ExM现已应用于多种生物模型，但由于其细胞壁坚硬，其对复杂植物组织的适应面临独特的挑战。植物科学领域的最新进展已经开始解决这些障碍，开启了对植物细胞结构（如间连丝和有丝分裂纺锤体）的纳米级成像。在这篇综述中，我们追溯了ExM的发展，从其早期阶段到目前的改进，讨论了方法的进步和混合方法，检查了技术限制，并强调了生物模型中的新兴应用，特别关注植物生物学的最新进展和未来前景。

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引用次数: 0

Multilayered regulatory control of compound leaf development 复叶发育的多层调控

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102847

Liangliang He , Liling Yang , Weiyue Zhao , Jianghua Chen

Compound leaves are characterized by their intricate structures and striking morphological diversity. This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of compound leaf development, highlighting the conservation and diversification of key regulatory pathways across species, with a particular focus on legume plants. The essential roles of central genetic modules, such as KNOXI, LFY/FLO, and CUC/NAM, in shaping leaf morphology are highlighted, including their interactions with hormonal signals and other key regulators. Furthermore, how the activity of these modules is translated into distinct cellular growth patterns that ultimately determine the mature leaf shape is discussed. By integrating findings from diverse species, the analysis provides insights into the multilayered regulatory interactions of genetic modules, and offers an important framework for future research directions on compound leaf development.

复叶具有结构复杂、形态多样的特点。本文综述了近年来在复叶发育分子机制方面的研究进展，重点介绍了不同物种间复叶发育关键调控途径的保存和多样性，并以豆科植物为重点。强调了KNOXI、LFY/FLO和CUC/NAM等核心遗传模块在叶片形态形成中的重要作用，包括它们与激素信号和其他关键调节因子的相互作用。此外，这些模块的活性如何转化为不同的细胞生长模式，最终决定成熟的叶片形状进行了讨论。该分析通过整合不同物种的研究成果，揭示了遗传模块的多层调控相互作用，并为未来复叶发育的研究方向提供了重要的框架。

引用次数: 0

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