Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

The histone crosstalk code in plants: Deciphering epigenetic complexity 植物组蛋白串扰密码：解读表观遗传复杂性

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102763

Koki Nakamura, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi , Toshiro Ito

Histone modifications are essential regulators of chromatin architecture and gene expression in plants. Traditionally, each modification was viewed as an independent signal marking specific chromatin states. However, recent advances in epigenome profiling, genome editing, and proteomics have revealed that histone marks often function in combination, engaging in hierarchical, cooperative, and antagonistic relationships. In particular, studies in Arabidopsis thaliana have uncovered dynamic interactions between activating and repressive modifications, as well as their coordination with DNA methylation, histone variants, and RNA modifications. Among these, H3K4 and H3K36 methylation have emerged as key regulatory hubs that integrate developmental and environmental signals into context-dependent transcriptional responses. This growing body of evidence suggests that chromatin regulation involves not isolated modifications but rather a complex network of interdependent marks. In this review, we discuss recent examples of crosstalk between histone modifications and other regulatory layers to highlight how combinatorial chromatin regulation and its underlying molecular mechanisms contribute to transcriptional control and epigenetic responsiveness in plants. Such key insights expand our understanding of the diverse and context-dependent roles of histone modifications in plant biology.

组蛋白修饰是植物染色质结构和基因表达的重要调节因子。传统上，每个修饰被视为一个独立的信号，标记特定的染色质状态。然而，表观基因组分析、基因组编辑和蛋白质组学的最新进展表明，组蛋白标记通常以组合方式起作用，参与分层、合作和对抗关系。特别是，对拟南芥的研究揭示了激活和抑制修饰之间的动态相互作用，以及它们与DNA甲基化、组蛋白变异和RNA修饰的协调。其中，H3K4和H3K36甲基化已成为将发育和环境信号整合到上下文依赖性转录反应中的关键调控枢纽。越来越多的证据表明，染色质调节并不涉及孤立的修饰，而是一个相互依赖的标记的复杂网络。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近组蛋白修饰和其他调控层之间的串扰，以强调组合染色质调控及其潜在的分子机制如何促进植物的转录控制和表观遗传反应。这些关键的见解扩展了我们对组蛋白修饰在植物生物学中的多样性和环境依赖性作用的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Genomic balance effects on gene expression and the organism 基因组平衡对基因表达和机体的影响

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102761

James A. Birchler, Hua Yang

Changes in dosage of individual chromosomes have long been known to have detrimental effects on the phenotype. Molecular analyses have revealed that aneuploidy affects gene expression across the genome with the major effects being direct and inverse correlations with the varied dosage. The inverse effect is typically more prevalent especially in aneuploids with an increased chromosomal dosage. Small heterozygous deletions removing one of the two copies of a gene typically exhibit a gene dosage effect for the included genes, but larger aneuploids exhibit the global modulations. When the inverse effect also operates on the target genes being varied in an aneuploid, dosage compensation results with expression levels similar to the corresponding genomically balanced control. Most substantial aneuploids alter the total transcriptome size but with subsets of genes deviating from the general trend. The greatest reductions in transcriptome size are associated with the most detrimental phenotypic effects on the organism. Aneuploidy effects in the endosperm involve a maternal to zygotic balance or a cumulative effect typical of other tissues. Genomic balance analyses reveal the stoichiometric effects on gene regulation, the trajectory of duplicated genes in evolution, and the eventual consequences for the organism.

人们早就知道，单个染色体剂量的变化对表型有不利影响。分子分析表明，非整倍性影响整个基因组的基因表达，其主要影响与剂量的变化呈正相关和负相关。相反的效果通常更普遍，特别是在染色体剂量增加的非整倍体中。小的杂合缺失去除一个基因的两个拷贝中的一个通常表现出基因剂量效应，但较大的非整倍体表现出全局调节。当反向效应也作用于非整倍体中变化的靶基因时，剂量补偿结果的表达水平与相应的基因组平衡对照相似。大多数实质性的非整倍体改变总的转录组大小，但与亚群的基因偏离一般趋势。转录组大小的最大减少与生物体中最有害的表型效应有关。胚乳的非整倍体效应涉及母体与合子的平衡或其他组织的典型累积效应。基因组平衡分析揭示了化学计量学对基因调控的影响，在进化中复制基因的轨迹，以及对生物体的最终后果。

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引用次数: 0

Plant galls induced by insects: Coordinated developmental reprogramming and defence manipulation 昆虫诱导的植物瘿：协调的发育重编程和防御操作

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102757

Yan Ma , Zeynep Begüm Şen , Hing Pan Ng

Galls, especially those induced by insects, represent one of the most dramatic examples of plant developmental reprogramming, combining complex de novo organogenesis with compromised defence. Insect-induced galls are not just a fascinating natural phenomenon but a unique system for future discoveries in developmental biology, plant defence, and evolutionary ecology. Gall development is under the control of their insect manipulators and in sync with insect growth to provide tailored nutritive and protective environments. But this alone does not explain the huge diversity in their morphology which evolved within complex ecological niches. In this review, we summarise recent findings in this underexplored field and examine the defining features of insect-induced galls compared to non-gall herbivores, microbial gall inducers, and symbionts. By exploring commonalities and differences in developmental reprogramming, defence and nutrition, we highlight the uniqueness of insect-induced galls and their potential for discoveries in plant biology.

瘿，尤其是由昆虫诱导的瘿，代表了植物发育重编程最引人注目的例子之一，将复杂的从头器官发生与受损的防御相结合。昆虫诱导的虫瘿不仅是一种迷人的自然现象，而且是未来在发育生物学、植物防御和进化生态学中发现的独特系统。瘿的发育是在昆虫操纵器的控制下，并与昆虫生长同步，以提供量身定制的营养和保护环境。但单凭这一点并不能解释它们在复杂生态位中进化而来的形态上的巨大多样性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这一未被充分开发的领域的最新发现，并研究了昆虫诱导的胆囊与非胆囊食草动物、微生物胆囊诱导剂和共生体的定义特征。通过探索发育重编程、防御和营养方面的共性和差异，我们强调了昆虫诱导瘿的独特性及其在植物生物学中发现的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetrical cell division in brown algae: How far can we take the paradigm? 褐藻的不对称细胞分裂：我们能在多大程度上采用这种范式？

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102758

Bénédicte Charrier

Asymmetrical cell division (ACD) is considered to be the major event leading to cellular differentiation, a crucial step in the development of multicellular organisms. However, when exactly a cell or tissue is considered differentiated is unclear. Focusing on brown algae, this review highlights the different cell division events during embryogenesis and in meristematic cells that establish symmetries or asymmetries in the resulting growing tissues. These examples show that global mechanisms at the embryo or stem cell level can act after and beyond the initial cell division event, which may therefore be less important. Therefore, this review suggests that the use of the term ACD should be restricted to cases where the different cellular functions 1) are characterised at the most comprehensive level possible and 2) are a direct consequence of cell division.

不对称细胞分裂（ACD）被认为是导致细胞分化的主要事件，是多细胞生物发育的关键步骤。然而，一个细胞或组织究竟何时被认为是分化的还不清楚。本文以褐藻为研究对象，重点介绍了胚胎发生和分生细胞中不同的细胞分裂事件，这些细胞分裂事件在最终的生长组织中形成对称或不对称。这些例子表明，胚胎或干细胞水平的全局机制可以在初始细胞分裂事件之后或之后起作用，因此可能不那么重要。因此，这篇综述表明，术语ACD的使用应限于以下情况：1)在尽可能全面的水平上表征不同的细胞功能；2)是细胞分裂的直接结果。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetry in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens 苔藓植物的不对称性

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102760

Prerna Singh , Chiyo Jinno , Haolin Zong , Tomomichi Fujita

Cell polarity and asymmetric division are fundamental to plant development, governing growth, differentiation, and stress responses. The filamentous tissues of the moss Physcomitrium patens provide an excellent system to investigate these processes, as their exposed cells facilitate direct observation of cellular and intracellular dynamics. This review explores recent advances in understanding how P. patens maintains juvenile protonemal filaments and transitions to mature gametophores, highlighting the roles of Rho-related GTPases of plant (ROP signaling, auxin transport, and cytoskeletal dynamics in tip growth and division plane orientation. Key regulators, including transcriptional corepressors and peptide signaling components, orchestrate cell fate determination and gametophore formation. Additionally, the study of stem cell regeneration and stress-resistant brood cells provides insights into dedifferentiation and plasticity mechanisms, which involve the re-establishment and disruption of cell polarity, respectively. Our current knowledge suggests that these mechanisms collectively determine the identity and developmental trajectory of daughter cells, guiding them toward differentiation into a specific tissue or organ.

细胞极性和不对称分裂是植物发育的基础，控制着植物的生长、分化和逆境反应。苔藓的丝状组织为研究这些过程提供了一个很好的系统，因为它们暴露的细胞便于直接观察细胞和细胞内的动力学。本文综述了近年来在植物芽原丝维持和成熟配子体过渡过程中的研究进展，重点介绍了植物芽原丝信号转导、生长素运输和细胞骨架动力学中rho相关gtpase在尖端生长和分裂面定位中的作用。关键调控因子，包括转录辅抑制因子和肽信号成分，协调细胞命运决定和配子体形成。此外，干细胞再生和抗逆性育母细胞的研究提供了去分化和可塑性机制的见解，它们分别涉及细胞极性的重建和破坏。我们目前的知识表明，这些机制共同决定子细胞的身份和发育轨迹，引导它们向特定的组织或器官分化。

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引用次数: 0

From stress to growth: Mechanical tissue interactions in developing organs 从压力到生长：器官发育中的机械组织相互作用

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102759

Benjamin P. Lapointe , Neha Sharma Kaur , Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska , Agata Burian

Plant cells usually grow in a coordinated manner due to rigid cell wall connections. However, individual tissue layers may differ in their growth capacity or elastic properties, creating tissue-level mechanical stresses. While mechanical forces are recognized as a key factor controlling growth and organ posture, the origin and exact patterns of tissue stresses in different organs remain unclear. This review synthesizes current knowledge of tissue mechanics in stems, roots, and leaves, emphasizing stress pattern changes during development, their potential causes, and the tissue-specific regulation of organ growth.

由于细胞壁的刚性连接，植物细胞通常以协调的方式生长。然而，单个组织层的生长能力或弹性特性可能不同，从而产生组织水平的机械应力。虽然机械力被认为是控制生长和器官姿势的关键因素，但不同器官组织应力的来源和确切模式尚不清楚。本文综述了目前茎、根和叶的组织力学，重点介绍了发育过程中应力模式的变化，其潜在原因以及器官生长的组织特异性调节。

引用次数: 0

Vacuolar signaling, biogenesis, and quality control in plants 植物液泡信号、生物发生和质量控制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102756

Jose Julian , Yasin Dagdas

The plant vacuole, traditionally viewed as a static storage organelle, has recently emerged as a dynamic hub orchestrating signaling, metabolic integration, and stress responses. This review synthesizes recent advances that position the vacuole as a pivotal regulator of plant development and environmental adaptation. We discuss the vacuole's multifaceted roles in ion sequestration, lipid trafficking, mechanosensing, and signal transduction, highlighting its central role in preserving cellular homeostasis. We summarize recent data supporting two distinct forms of vacuolar biogenesis: inheritance from existing organelles and de novo formation. Lastly, we discuss our recent findings that define a vacuolar quality control (VQC) pathway, safeguarding tonoplast integrity during stress. Collectively, these insights redefine our understanding of the vacuole's essential contributions to plant physiology and resilience, advocating for an updated conceptual framework that recognizes the vacuole as a central hub for developmental processes and environmental adaptation.

植物液泡，传统上被认为是一个静态的储存细胞器，最近出现了一个动态枢纽协调信号，代谢整合和胁迫反应。本文综述了液泡作为植物发育和环境适应的关键调节因子的最新研究进展。我们讨论液泡在离子隔离、脂质运输、机械传感和信号转导方面的多方面作用，强调其在保持细胞稳态中的核心作用。我们总结了最近支持两种不同形式的液泡生物发生的数据：现有细胞器的遗传和新生形成。最后，我们讨论了我们最近的研究结果，定义了一个液泡质量控制（VQC）途径，在压力下保护tono质体的完整性。总的来说，这些见解重新定义了我们对液泡对植物生理和恢复力的重要贡献的理解，倡导一个更新的概念框架，承认液泡是发育过程和环境适应的中心枢纽。

引用次数: 0

From roots to nodules: regulation of organogenesis in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis 从根到根瘤：固氮共生中器官发生的调控

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102755

Katharina Schiessl , Min-Yao Jhu

Plants in the nitrogen-fixing clade have evolved symbiotic root nodules to overcome nitrogen limitations in the soil. These nodules host nitrogen-fixing bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, supplying essential nutrients to the plant. Nodule formation is triggered by plant–bacteria interactions and relies on genetic adaptations, including the recruitment of existing regulatory pathways. The transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) is a key regulator required for bacterial infection, nodule initiation, and organ differentiation. Nodule development shares key features with lateral root formation, particularly in organ initiation and early growth stages, as both arise from the same root tissue layers. This overlap raises intriguing questions about how nodules evolved distinct forms and functions. This review highlights recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of nodule development, especially in the Papilionoideae clade. By comparing nodules and lateral roots, we explore the regulatory changes that led to their evolutionary divergence. We highlight emerging tools—single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, and advanced imaging—that are deepening insights into nodulation, alongside phylogenomics revealing its evolutionary history.

固氮植物进化出共生根瘤来克服土壤中的氮限制。这些根瘤寄主固氮细菌，将大气中的氮转化为氨，为植物提供必需的营养物质。根瘤的形成是由植物与细菌的相互作用引发的，依赖于遗传适应，包括现有调控途径的招募。转录因子结节起始（NIN）是细菌感染、结节起始和器官分化所需的关键调节因子。根瘤的发育与侧根的形成具有共同的关键特征，特别是在器官起始和生长早期，因为它们都起源于相同的根组织层。这种重叠引发了关于结节如何进化出不同的形式和功能的有趣问题。本文综述了近年来在蝶科分支中，特别是在蝶瘤发育的分子和细胞机制方面的最新发现。通过比较根瘤和侧根，我们探讨了导致它们进化分化的调控变化。我们重点介绍了新兴的工具——单细胞和空间转录组学，以及先进的成像技术——这些工具正在加深对结瘤的了解，同时系统基因组学也揭示了结瘤的进化史。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic and spatial control of cellular activity during seed germination 种子萌发过程中细胞活动的动态和空间控制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102754

Mathew G. Lewsey , George W. Bassel , James Whelan

Germination is the process through which a seed activates cellular metabolism and growth. This enables the embryo to initiate the seed to seedling transition and begin to establish itself in its environment. A wide range of cellular systems are recruited during germination. Stored energy resources are consumed by heterotrophic metabolism to power cell activity, as the embryo is not yet photosynthetic, and mitochondria are assembled. The mRNAs that were transcribed and stored during seed development are translated to yield mature proteins. There is also a broad-scale structural reconfiguration of the genome and de novo transcription. This is achieved by the loss of repressive histone marks and DNA methylation, enabling chromatin to transition from a closed and physically protected state to an accessible state necessary for gene transcription. Signalling through the gibberellin hormone pathway, initiated in the vasculature of the radicle, drives cell expansion and thereby embryo growth. In this review, we summarise recent advances that illustrate the spatiotemporally dynamic nature of events during germination, which gives rise to the cell and tissue-specific activity that underpins germination.

发芽是种子激活细胞代谢和生长的过程。这使胚胎能够开始种子到幼苗的过渡，并开始在其环境中建立自己。在萌发过程中，广泛的细胞系统被招募。储存的能量资源被异养代谢消耗，为细胞活动提供动力，因为胚胎还没有进行光合作用，线粒体已经组装起来。在种子发育过程中转录和储存的mrna被翻译成成熟蛋白。也有一个大规模的基因组结构重构和从头转录。这是通过抑制组蛋白标记和DNA甲基化的丧失来实现的，使染色质从封闭和物理保护状态过渡到基因转录所需的可访问状态。信号通过赤霉素激素途径，在胚根的脉管系统中启动，驱动细胞扩张，从而促进胚胎生长。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近的研究进展，说明了发芽过程中事件的时空动态性质，这导致了支持发芽的细胞和组织特异性活动。

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Under the rainbow: Novel insights on the mechanisms driving the development and evolution of petal pigmentation 彩虹之下：对驱动花瓣色素沉着的发展和进化机制的新见解

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102743

May T.S. Yeo , Edwige Moyroud

Flower colours have intrigued scientists and artists alike across the ages, but our understanding of how flowers paint their corolla is largely incomplete. Here, we explore how recent studies are bringing to light the dark side of flower colour. We review novel discoveries related to the molecular mechanisms underpinning petal pigmentation, and we argue that colour patterns on the corolla constitute powerful experimental systems to address complex biological questions, including the outcomes of gene duplication, the emergence of novelty, and the significance of regulatory and coding changes in generating morphological diversity. Natural variants represent fantastic resources not only to discover the genetic basis of biodiversity, but also to fill gaps in our understanding of the processes plants employ to appear colourful. As modifications of pigment production often yield striking, tractable phenotypes, floral colour studies provide unique opportunities to illuminate key developmental questions associated with morphogenesis and patterning. Exploring petal pattern variation in an ever-increasing range of species uncovers new research avenues to comprehend the inner workings of development and evolution. By understanding these processes, we are better equipped to program plant behaviour to enhance floral traits and to gain unprecedented insights into the strategies that shape speciation and the emergence of Darwin's ‘endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful’.

多年来，花朵的颜色一直吸引着科学家和艺术家，但我们对花朵如何绘制花冠的理解在很大程度上是不完整的。在这里，我们探讨了最近的研究是如何揭示花朵颜色的阴暗面的。我们回顾了与花瓣色素沉着的分子机制相关的新发现，并认为花冠上的颜色模式构成了强大的实验系统，可以解决复杂的生物学问题，包括基因复制的结果，新颖性的出现，以及产生形态多样性的调节和编码变化的意义。自然变异代表了奇妙的资源，不仅可以发现生物多样性的遗传基础，还可以填补我们对植物呈现色彩的过程的理解空白。由于色素产生的修饰通常会产生引人注目的、易处理的表型，因此花的颜色研究为阐明与形态发生和模式相关的关键发育问题提供了独特的机会。在越来越多的物种中探索花瓣模式的变化，为理解发育和进化的内部运作提供了新的研究途径。通过了解这些过程，我们可以更好地对植物行为进行编程，以增强花的特征，并对形成物种的策略和达尔文的“最美丽、最奇妙的无尽形式”的出现获得前所未有的见解。

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