Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Sense and sensitivity - decoding calcium signalling across cellular, autocrine, paracrine and endocrine pathways in plant resilience 感觉和敏感性-解码钙信号通过细胞，自分泌，旁分泌和内分泌途径在植物恢复力

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102782

Sarah Lederer , Anja Liese , Justin Lee , Tina Romeis

Calcium (Ca²⁺) signalling plays a central role in plant immunity, as underscored by recent findings showing that many disease resistance mechanisms result in formation of Ca²⁺-permeable pores, and that optogenetic activation of Ca²⁺ influx is sufficient to trigger immune responses. This review emphasizes on Ca²⁺ decoding, i.e. how diverse intracellular proteins interpret Ca²⁺ signals to drive cellular reactions. States of “Ca²⁺ responsiveness” — defined by the distinct sensitivities of various decoders and additional sensitization mechanisms — contribute to the regulation of immunity, possibly including the mutual potentiation of pattern- and effector-triggered immunity pathways. Additionally, the “PRIMER-bystander” model of immune signalling is interpreted within this decoding framework. Here, infected cells are proposed to enter a primed (PRIMER) immune state through strong Ca²⁺ signals derived from resistosome pores, while adjacent bystander cells respond to spreading signalling molecules from their neighbours. Through this spatial arrangement, coordination is achieved between cell-autonomous (autocrine) responses and non-autonomous (paracrine or endocrine) signalling, allowing robust immune propagation across plant tissues. By framing plant immunity through this Ca²⁺ “sense and sensitivity” paradigm, insights are provided into immune system robustness, and potential targets may be identified for future development of disease-resistant, climate-resilient crops.

钙（Ca2+）信号在植物免疫中起着核心作用，最近的研究结果表明，许多抗病机制导致Ca2+可渗透孔的形成，并且Ca2+内流的光遗传激活足以触发免疫反应。这篇综述强调Ca2+解码，即不同的细胞内蛋白如何解释Ca2+信号来驱动细胞反应。“Ca2+反应性”状态-由不同解码器的不同敏感性和额外的致敏机制定义-有助于免疫调节，可能包括模式和效应触发的免疫途径的相互增强。此外，免疫信号的“引物-旁观者”模型在这个解码框架内被解释。在这里，被感染的细胞被提议通过来自抵抗体孔隙的强Ca2+信号进入引物（PRIMER）免疫状态，而邻近的旁观者细胞对来自其邻居的扩散信号分子作出反应。通过这种空间安排，实现了细胞自主（自分泌）反应和非自主（旁分泌或内分泌）信号之间的协调，从而实现了植物组织间强大的免疫传播。通过这种Ca2+“感觉和敏感性”范式构建植物免疫，提供了对免疫系统鲁棒性的见解，并可能为未来抗病，气候适应型作物的开发确定潜在目标。

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引用次数: 0

Rapid origin and turnover of genomic imprinting by transposable elements 转座因子基因组印记的快速起源和周转

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102764

Gerardo Del Toro-De León, Claudia Köhler

Genomic imprinting, the preferential expression of alleles based on their parent-of-origin, is an epigenetic mechanism that plays a key role in endosperm development and establishment of hybridization barriers. While imprinting is frequently associated with DNA methylation asymmetries and transposable elements (TEs), growing evidence suggests that this connection is not applying to all imprinted genes. This review synthesizes recent findings across different plant species, highlighting how TEs not only initiate imprinting through epigenetic reprogramming but also participate in its turnover, driving rapid evolutionary changes. We discuss the contribution of chromatin context to imprinting, and the emerging evidence of imprinting mechanisms independent of DNA methylation and TEs. We propose a dynamic and lineage-specific regulation of imprinting shaped by epigenetic context, TE activity, and developmental timing.

基因组印迹是一种基于亲本的等位基因优先表达的表观遗传机制，在胚乳发育和杂交屏障的建立中起着关键作用。虽然印迹通常与DNA甲基化不对称和转座因子（te）有关，但越来越多的证据表明，这种联系并不适用于所有的印迹基因。这篇综述综合了不同植物物种的最新研究成果，强调了TEs不仅通过表观遗传重编程启动印迹，而且还参与其转换，推动快速的进化变化。我们讨论了染色质背景对印迹的贡献，以及独立于DNA甲基化和TEs的印迹机制的新证据。我们提出了一个动态的和谱系特异性的调控印迹形成的表观遗传背景，TE活性和发育时间。

引用次数: 0

Forging the pollen fortress: Cell biological mechanisms of exine formation 锻造花粉堡垒：胞外壁形成的细胞生物学机制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102742

Yuan Zhou, Anna A. Dobritsa

During its development, pollen becomes surrounded by a complex cell wall known as the exine. Exine is preceded by the primexine–a thin, transient extracellular structure essential for the formation of a well-developed exine but challenging to visualize and study. Exine formation requires a partnership between the developing pollen and the inner sporophytic anther layer, the tapetum. The tapetum produces enzymes and materials necessary for exine development, which are delivered to the surface of developing pollen and become assembled into the distinct layers and patterns of exine. However, how exine materials are transported, and how the events occurring in the tapetum and in developing pollen are coordinated, remains poorly understood. This review highlights recent advances in understanding primexine structure and composition, the trafficking of exine materials toward the pollen surface, and the recently discovered communication mechanism involving the tapetum, developing pollen, and the middle layer of the anther.

在花粉发育过程中，花粉被称为外壁的复杂细胞壁所包围。外胞质之前是初胞质，这是一种薄的、短暂的细胞外结构，对于形成发育良好的外胞质至关重要，但对可视化和研究具有挑战性。外壁的形成需要发育中的花粉和孢子体内部的花药层，即绒毡层之间的伙伴关系。绒毡层产生外壁发育所必需的酶和物质，这些酶和物质被运送到正在发育的花粉的表面，并组装成不同的外壁层和图案。然而，关于绒毡层和花粉发育过程中发生的事件是如何协调的，我们仍然知之甚少。本文综述了近年来在了解原质结构和组成、向花粉表面运输外壁物质以及最近发现的涉及绒毡层、发育中的花粉和花药中间层的通讯机制方面的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetrical cell division in brown algae: How far can we take the paradigm? 褐藻的不对称细胞分裂：我们能在多大程度上采用这种范式？

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102758

Bénédicte Charrier

Asymmetrical cell division (ACD) is considered to be the major event leading to cellular differentiation, a crucial step in the development of multicellular organisms. However, when exactly a cell or tissue is considered differentiated is unclear. Focusing on brown algae, this review highlights the different cell division events during embryogenesis and in meristematic cells that establish symmetries or asymmetries in the resulting growing tissues. These examples show that global mechanisms at the embryo or stem cell level can act after and beyond the initial cell division event, which may therefore be less important. Therefore, this review suggests that the use of the term ACD should be restricted to cases where the different cellular functions 1) are characterised at the most comprehensive level possible and 2) are a direct consequence of cell division.

不对称细胞分裂（ACD）被认为是导致细胞分化的主要事件，是多细胞生物发育的关键步骤。然而，一个细胞或组织究竟何时被认为是分化的还不清楚。本文以褐藻为研究对象，重点介绍了胚胎发生和分生细胞中不同的细胞分裂事件，这些细胞分裂事件在最终的生长组织中形成对称或不对称。这些例子表明，胚胎或干细胞水平的全局机制可以在初始细胞分裂事件之后或之后起作用，因此可能不那么重要。因此，这篇综述表明，术语ACD的使用应限于以下情况：1)在尽可能全面的水平上表征不同的细胞功能；2)是细胞分裂的直接结果。

引用次数: 0

Plant galls induced by insects: Coordinated developmental reprogramming and defence manipulation 昆虫诱导的植物瘿：协调的发育重编程和防御操作

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102757

Yan Ma , Zeynep Begüm Şen , Hing Pan Ng

Galls, especially those induced by insects, represent one of the most dramatic examples of plant developmental reprogramming, combining complex de novo organogenesis with compromised defence. Insect-induced galls are not just a fascinating natural phenomenon but a unique system for future discoveries in developmental biology, plant defence, and evolutionary ecology. Gall development is under the control of their insect manipulators and in sync with insect growth to provide tailored nutritive and protective environments. But this alone does not explain the huge diversity in their morphology which evolved within complex ecological niches. In this review, we summarise recent findings in this underexplored field and examine the defining features of insect-induced galls compared to non-gall herbivores, microbial gall inducers, and symbionts. By exploring commonalities and differences in developmental reprogramming, defence and nutrition, we highlight the uniqueness of insect-induced galls and their potential for discoveries in plant biology.

瘿，尤其是由昆虫诱导的瘿，代表了植物发育重编程最引人注目的例子之一，将复杂的从头器官发生与受损的防御相结合。昆虫诱导的虫瘿不仅是一种迷人的自然现象，而且是未来在发育生物学、植物防御和进化生态学中发现的独特系统。瘿的发育是在昆虫操纵器的控制下，并与昆虫生长同步，以提供量身定制的营养和保护环境。但单凭这一点并不能解释它们在复杂生态位中进化而来的形态上的巨大多样性。在这篇综述中，我们总结了这一未被充分开发的领域的最新发现，并研究了昆虫诱导的胆囊与非胆囊食草动物、微生物胆囊诱导剂和共生体的定义特征。通过探索发育重编程、防御和营养方面的共性和差异，我们强调了昆虫诱导瘿的独特性及其在植物生物学中发现的潜力。

引用次数: 0

Wet scissors: How biomolecular condensates cut cellular membranes 湿剪刀：生物分子凝聚物如何切割细胞膜

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102740

Xiaofeng Fang , Alexander I. May , Katharina Sporbeck , Lukas Hauer , Roland L. Knorr

Membrane shape is a fundamental determinant of cellular organisation. Reshaping of membranes is crucial for dynamic processes including organelle and cell division, endocytosis and membrane trafficking. Membrane fission (or scission) is a discontinuous, topological shape change that is central in many such processes. Specialised remodelling proteins, such as dynamins and ESCRT proteins, are capable of forming oligomeric spirals that drive membrane fission in cells. In this review, we summarise evidence demonstrating that capillary forces generated by liquid-like biomolecular condensates can facilitate cellular membrane reshaping and drive fission events. We draw on our recent findings that condensates are implicated in multivesicular body formation to describe the molecular and physical principles that allow biomolecular condensates to cut membranes. We further discuss possible interactions between novel condensate-mediated fission processes and established reshaping processes. We propose that condensates make an important contribution to membrane remodelling events involved in the biogenesis of diverse cellular structures. The characterisation of condensate-mediated membrane reshaping promises to transform our understanding of intracellular organisation and dynamics.

膜的形状是细胞组织的基本决定因素。膜的重塑对细胞器和细胞分裂、内吞作用和膜运输等动态过程至关重要。膜裂变（或断裂）是一种不连续的拓扑形状变化，在许多这样的过程中是中心的。专门的重塑蛋白，如动力蛋白和ESCRT蛋白，能够形成寡聚螺旋，驱动细胞中的膜裂变。在这篇综述中，我们总结了由液体状生物分子凝聚物产生的毛细力可以促进细胞膜重塑和驱动裂变事件的证据。我们利用我们最近的发现，冷凝物与多泡体的形成有关，以描述允许生物分子冷凝物切割膜的分子和物理原理。我们进一步讨论了新的凝聚介导的裂变过程和已建立的重塑过程之间可能的相互作用。我们认为冷凝物在不同细胞结构的生物发生过程中对膜重塑事件做出了重要贡献。缩合物介导的膜重塑的特征有望改变我们对细胞内组织和动力学的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicle-mediated RNA warfare: A cross-kingdom battleground 细胞外囊泡介导的RNA战争：跨界战场

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102741

Brisa Davila, Baoye He

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that carry proteins, RNAs, and other bioactive molecules to mediate intercellular communication. While EV research is well established in animals, studies on plant-derived EVs have only recently emerged, uncovering their critical roles in plant-microbe interactions and cross-kingdom RNA communication. Plant EVs have been shown to selectively deliver small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to fungal pathogens, suppressing virulence and enhancing plant immunity. Progress in plant EV research has been accelerated by advancements in isolation techniques, such as high-resolution density gradient and immunoaffinity purification. However, challenges remain, including elucidating EV biogenesis, cargo selection, and the mechanisms by which EVs cross plant and fungal cell walls. This review provides an overview of recent progress in plant EV research, with a particular emphasis on EV-mediated cross-kingdom RNA communication and identifies promising directions for future investigation.

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种纳米级的脂质双层囊泡，由细胞分泌，携带蛋白质、rna和其他生物活性分子，介导细胞间通讯。虽然动物EV研究已经建立，但植物源EV研究最近才出现，揭示了它们在植物-微生物相互作用和跨界RNA通信中的关键作用。植物ev已被证明可以选择性地向真菌病原体传递小rna （sRNAs）和信使rna (mrna)，从而抑制毒力并增强植物免疫力。高分辨率密度梯度和免疫亲和纯化等分离技术的进步加快了植物EV研究的进展。然而，挑战仍然存在，包括阐明电动汽车的生物发生，货物选择，以及电动汽车通过植物和真菌细胞壁的机制。本文综述了植物EV研究的最新进展，特别强调EV介导的跨界RNA通讯，并确定了未来研究的有希望的方向。

引用次数: 0

From stress to growth: Mechanical tissue interactions in developing organs 从压力到生长：器官发育中的机械组织相互作用

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102759

Benjamin P. Lapointe , Neha Sharma Kaur , Anne-Lise Routier-Kierzkowska , Agata Burian

Plant cells usually grow in a coordinated manner due to rigid cell wall connections. However, individual tissue layers may differ in their growth capacity or elastic properties, creating tissue-level mechanical stresses. While mechanical forces are recognized as a key factor controlling growth and organ posture, the origin and exact patterns of tissue stresses in different organs remain unclear. This review synthesizes current knowledge of tissue mechanics in stems, roots, and leaves, emphasizing stress pattern changes during development, their potential causes, and the tissue-specific regulation of organ growth.

由于细胞壁的刚性连接，植物细胞通常以协调的方式生长。然而，单个组织层的生长能力或弹性特性可能不同，从而产生组织水平的机械应力。虽然机械力被认为是控制生长和器官姿势的关键因素，但不同器官组织应力的来源和确切模式尚不清楚。本文综述了目前茎、根和叶的组织力学，重点介绍了发育过程中应力模式的变化，其潜在原因以及器官生长的组织特异性调节。

引用次数: 0

Vacuolar signaling, biogenesis, and quality control in plants 植物液泡信号、生物发生和质量控制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102756

Jose Julian , Yasin Dagdas

The plant vacuole, traditionally viewed as a static storage organelle, has recently emerged as a dynamic hub orchestrating signaling, metabolic integration, and stress responses. This review synthesizes recent advances that position the vacuole as a pivotal regulator of plant development and environmental adaptation. We discuss the vacuole's multifaceted roles in ion sequestration, lipid trafficking, mechanosensing, and signal transduction, highlighting its central role in preserving cellular homeostasis. We summarize recent data supporting two distinct forms of vacuolar biogenesis: inheritance from existing organelles and de novo formation. Lastly, we discuss our recent findings that define a vacuolar quality control (VQC) pathway, safeguarding tonoplast integrity during stress. Collectively, these insights redefine our understanding of the vacuole's essential contributions to plant physiology and resilience, advocating for an updated conceptual framework that recognizes the vacuole as a central hub for developmental processes and environmental adaptation.

植物液泡，传统上被认为是一个静态的储存细胞器，最近出现了一个动态枢纽协调信号，代谢整合和胁迫反应。本文综述了液泡作为植物发育和环境适应的关键调节因子的最新研究进展。我们讨论液泡在离子隔离、脂质运输、机械传感和信号转导方面的多方面作用，强调其在保持细胞稳态中的核心作用。我们总结了最近支持两种不同形式的液泡生物发生的数据：现有细胞器的遗传和新生形成。最后，我们讨论了我们最近的研究结果，定义了一个液泡质量控制（VQC）途径，在压力下保护tono质体的完整性。总的来说，这些见解重新定义了我们对液泡对植物生理和恢复力的重要贡献的理解，倡导一个更新的概念框架，承认液泡是发育过程和环境适应的中心枢纽。

引用次数: 0

Asymmetry in the bryophyte, Physcomitrium patens 苔藓植物的不对称性

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102760

Prerna Singh , Chiyo Jinno , Haolin Zong , Tomomichi Fujita

Cell polarity and asymmetric division are fundamental to plant development, governing growth, differentiation, and stress responses. The filamentous tissues of the moss Physcomitrium patens provide an excellent system to investigate these processes, as their exposed cells facilitate direct observation of cellular and intracellular dynamics. This review explores recent advances in understanding how P. patens maintains juvenile protonemal filaments and transitions to mature gametophores, highlighting the roles of Rho-related GTPases of plant (ROP signaling, auxin transport, and cytoskeletal dynamics in tip growth and division plane orientation. Key regulators, including transcriptional corepressors and peptide signaling components, orchestrate cell fate determination and gametophore formation. Additionally, the study of stem cell regeneration and stress-resistant brood cells provides insights into dedifferentiation and plasticity mechanisms, which involve the re-establishment and disruption of cell polarity, respectively. Our current knowledge suggests that these mechanisms collectively determine the identity and developmental trajectory of daughter cells, guiding them toward differentiation into a specific tissue or organ.

细胞极性和不对称分裂是植物发育的基础，控制着植物的生长、分化和逆境反应。苔藓的丝状组织为研究这些过程提供了一个很好的系统，因为它们暴露的细胞便于直接观察细胞和细胞内的动力学。本文综述了近年来在植物芽原丝维持和成熟配子体过渡过程中的研究进展，重点介绍了植物芽原丝信号转导、生长素运输和细胞骨架动力学中rho相关gtpase在尖端生长和分裂面定位中的作用。关键调控因子，包括转录辅抑制因子和肽信号成分，协调细胞命运决定和配子体形成。此外，干细胞再生和抗逆性育母细胞的研究提供了去分化和可塑性机制的见解，它们分别涉及细胞极性的重建和破坏。我们目前的知识表明，这些机制共同决定子细胞的身份和发育轨迹，引导它们向特定的组织或器官分化。

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