Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Branching under pressure: Influences of cell wall architecture and biomechanics on lateral root morphogenesis 压力下的分枝：细胞壁结构和生物力学对侧根形态发生的影响

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102735

Ritu Vadodaria, Charles T. Anderson

Plants carry out a unique type of organogenesis in which cells do not move relative to each other but instead maintain their relative positions and grow in concert. The coordinated regulation of cell shape and size is thus essential for organ morphogenesis, but in a few developmental processes, most notably in invasive growth and the establishment of branched tissue architectures, cell and tissue growth in plants involves the displacement of surrounding or overlying tissues. Plant cells accomplish patterned developmental morphogenesis in part due to the mechanically complex architectures of their cell walls, which can anisotropically constrain the expansion that is facilitated in many cases by the cellular uptake of water that results in cell pressurization. Here, we focus on one example of patterned tissue growth and cell displacement, the formation and emergence of lateral roots, as a paradigm for understanding how cell wall architecture and cellular biomechanics influence the differentiation and growth of new organs in plants. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of how hormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell wall synthesis and remodeling influence lateral root initiation and emergence, and propose hypotheses and potential research directions for future studies of these complex but essential developmental processes.

植物进行一种独特类型的器官发生，细胞之间不是相对移动，而是保持它们的相对位置并协同生长。因此，细胞形状和大小的协调调节对器官形态发生至关重要，但在一些发育过程中，尤其是在侵入性生长和分支组织结构的建立中，植物细胞和组织的生长涉及周围或覆盖组织的移位。植物细胞完成模式发育形态发生的部分原因是由于其细胞壁的机械复杂结构，这可以各向异性地限制扩张，在许多情况下，细胞对水的摄取导致细胞加压。在这里，我们聚焦于组织生长和细胞位移的一个例子，侧根的形成和出现，作为理解细胞壁结构和细胞生物力学如何影响植物新器官分化和生长的范例。我们重点介绍了激素信号、转录调控、细胞骨架动力学和细胞壁合成和重塑如何影响侧根的发生和萌发的最新进展，并为这些复杂但重要的发育过程的未来研究提出了假设和潜在的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Organ symmetry establishment during gynoecium development 雌蕊发育过程中器官对称性的建立

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732

Iqra Jamil , Ayanava Giri , Laila Moubayidin

Symmetry is a key factor in the morphological diversity and reproductive success of angiosperms (flowering plants). The gynoecium, the female reproductive organ of the flower, displays remarkable variation in symmetry types, ranging from bilateral to radial, from its base (ovary) to its apex (style). Proper tissue growth and differentiation occur along the body axes to form three-dimensional structures and establish symmetric forms within the organ.

In this review, we summarise the latest understanding on cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms governing pivotal symmetry changes during gynoecium development and highlight unresolved questions and potential avenues for future research. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into the biological networks that regulate symmetry foundation in plant organs, contributing to a broader evolutionary and developmental perspective on plant morphogenesis.

对称是被子植物（开花植物）形态多样性和繁殖成功的关键因素。雌蕊，花的雌性生殖器官，在对称类型上表现出显著的变化，从两侧到放射状，从基部（子房）到顶部（花柱）。适当的组织生长和分化发生沿体轴形成三维结构和建立器官内的对称形式。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在雌蕊发育过程中控制关键对称性变化的细胞、分子和遗传机制的最新认识，并强调了尚未解决的问题和未来研究的潜在途径。了解这些过程可以为了解调节植物器官对称基础的生物网络提供有价值的见解，有助于从更广泛的角度研究植物形态发生的进化和发育。

引用次数: 0

Flowering time regulation through the lens of evolution 从进化的角度看开花时间的调节

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102734

Bo Zhao , Dong Zhai , Jia-Wei Wang

Flowering, the onset of reproductive development, marks a critical transition in the angiosperm life cycle. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the process is tightly regulated by a complex network of approximately 300 genes organized into distinct pathways. This mini-review examines the genetic and molecular mechanisms regulating flowering time from an evolutionary perspective. Our analysis reveals that genes involved in the age and photoperiod pathways are evolutionarily ancient and highly conserved across bryophytes and vascular plants. In contrast, other regulatory modules appear to have evolved more recently, likely through the repurposing of existing genes or adaptations to environmental changes. We propose that future research should shift away from studying flowering regulation mechanisms in individual model plants to exploring the evolution of flowering time pathways and their underlying drivers. Adopting an evolutionary perspective may ultimately illuminate the fundamental principles governing the timing of reproductive development in plants.

开花，生殖发育的开始，标志着被子植物生命周期的一个关键转变。在模式植物拟南芥中，这一过程受到一个由大约300个基因组成的复杂网络的严格调控，这些基因被组织成不同的途径。这篇综述从进化的角度探讨了调控开花时间的遗传和分子机制。我们的分析表明，参与年龄和光周期途径的基因在苔藓植物和维管植物中进化古老且高度保守。相比之下，其他调节模块似乎是最近才进化出来的，可能是通过对现有基因的重新利用或对环境变化的适应。我们建议未来的研究应从研究单个模式植物的开花调节机制转向探索开花时间途径的进化及其潜在驱动因素。采用进化的观点可能最终阐明支配植物生殖发育时间的基本原则。

引用次数: 0

Converging on long and short: The genetics, molecular biology and evolution of heterostyly 向长与短趋同：异花柱的遗传学、分子生物学和进化

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102731

Lele Shang, Karol Gad, Michael Lenhard

Heterostyly is a fascinating floral polymorphism that enhances outcrossing. In heterostylous species the flowers of the two or three morphs differ in multiple traits, including reciprocal reproductive-organ placement and self-incompatibility. These traits are controlled by individual genes within an S-locus supergene, whose suppressed recombination ensures the coordinated inheritance of the morph phenotypes. Recent breakthroughs about the genetic and molecular basis of heterostyly have resulted from studies on many independently evolved instances and include the following: The S-locus is a hemizygous region comprising several individual genes in multiple heterostylous taxa. In many systems, a single gene within the S-locus plays dual roles in regulating both female traits of style length and self-incompatibility type, often involving brassinosteroid signalling. The S-loci have evolved through stepwise or segmental duplication in different lineages. The frequent breakdown of heterostyly generally results from individual mutations at the S-locus and leads to a genomic selfing syndrome. These discoveries suggest convergent and genetically constrained evolution of heterostyly at the molecular level.

异质花柱是一种迷人的花型多态性，可以增强异交。在异花柱种中，两种或三种形态的花在许多性状上不同，包括生殖器官的相互位置和自交不亲和。这些性状由s位点超基因内的单个基因控制，其抑制重组确保了形态表型的协调遗传。近年来，对异花柱的遗传和分子基础的研究取得了新的突破，包括：s位点是由多个异花柱分类群中的几个单独基因组成的半合子区域。在许多系统中，s位点内的单个基因在调节花柱长度和自交不亲和型的雌性性状中起双重作用，通常涉及油菜素内酯信号。s基因座在不同的世系中通过逐步或分段重复进化而来。异花柱的频繁破裂通常是由s位点的个体突变引起的，并导致基因组自交综合征。这些发现表明异花柱在分子水平上的趋同进化和遗传约束进化。

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引用次数: 0

All roads lead to dome: Multicellular dynamics during de novo meristem establishment in shoot regeneration 所有的道路都通向穹顶：茎再生中新生分生组织建立过程中的多细胞动力学

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102733

Yuki Doll, Momoko Ikeuchi

Shoot apical meristems (SAMs) harbor persistent stem cells and give rise to above-ground organs throughout life. In tissue culture-based shoot regeneration, a subpopulation of pluripotent callus cells is specified into SAMs. How callus cells decide whether or not to become SAMs stands as an important question in developmental biology. Furthermore, the developmental basis underlying the de novo construction of dome-shaped SAMs remained largely unknown. Recent high-resolution analyses have revealed the spatiotemporal dynamics of cell fate determination and meristem establishment during shoot regeneration. Cell fates to become meristem are actively determined through interactions between neighboring cells, rather than by cell-autonomous fate transition. Inter-cell layer communication via mobile signal or mechanical cue may enable meristem construction. By integrating recent insights from the two-step tissue culture system in Arabidopsis together with other shoot regeneration systems, we depict the process of de novo meristem establishment as a dynamic multicellular system.

茎尖分生组织（Shoot apical meristems, SAMs）拥有持续存在的干细胞，并在整个生命过程中形成地上器官。在以组织培养为基础的茎再生中，多能愈伤组织细胞亚群被指定为SAMs。愈伤组织细胞如何决定是否成为sam是发育生物学中的一个重要问题。此外，圆顶型地对空导弹从头开始建造的发展基础在很大程度上仍然未知。最近的高分辨率分析揭示了茎再生过程中细胞命运决定和分生组织建立的时空动态。细胞成为分生组织的命运是通过邻近细胞之间的相互作用而不是细胞自主命运转变来主动决定的。通过移动信号或机械线索的细胞间层通信可使分生系统的构建成为可能。通过整合拟南芥两步组织培养系统和其他芽再生系统的最新见解，我们将新生分生组织的建立过程描述为一个动态的多细胞系统。

引用次数: 0

How to turbo charge respiration – thermogenic metabolism in plants 如何加速植物的呼吸-产热代谢

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102730

Pedro Barreto , Elias Feitosa-Araujo , Alisdair R. Fernie , Markus Schwarzländer

Plant metabolism is remarkably flexible. Rapid changes in the rate and mode of primary metabolism are essential to meet the demands of plants under changeable conditions. While it is evident that photosynthetic metabolism must be regulated to match changes in illumination, the principles that govern the regulation of respiratory metabolism have remained less obvious, even though plant respiratory rates can vary profoundly. An extreme transition in respiratory metabolism occurs when a thermogenic plant tissue enters the phase of heat generation. Here, we review our current understanding of what is required to re-model plant metabolism toward thermogenesis and highlight recent advances. We propose plant thermogenesis as a model to uncover novel mechanisms that control respiration rate. Those mechanisms may aid engineering carbon use efficiency and improve stress resilience in plants and beyond.

植物的新陈代谢非常灵活。在多变的条件下，植物需要快速改变初级代谢的速率和模式。虽然很明显，光合代谢必须被调节以适应光照的变化，但控制呼吸代谢调节的原理仍然不太明显，尽管植物的呼吸速率可能变化很大。当产热植物组织进入产热阶段时，呼吸代谢发生极端转变。在这里，我们回顾了我们目前对重新模拟植物产热代谢所需的理解，并强调了最近的进展。我们提出植物产热作为一个模型来揭示控制呼吸速率的新机制。这些机制可能有助于设计碳利用效率，提高植物和其他植物的应力恢复能力。

引用次数: 0

Alkaloid evolution in the Solanaceae 茄科生物碱的进化

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102727

Pablo A. Pérez-Mesa , Federico Roda

Alkaloids are a diverse class of nitrogen-containing metabolites involved in key biotic interactions, such as defense against herbivores and pathogens and the recruitment of pollinators. The Solanaceae family has served as a model for studying alkaloid evolution, due to the varied types of alkaloids it produces, such as nicotinoids, tropane alkaloids (TAs), steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), and capsaicinoids. Recent multi-omics and comparative genomics studies have expanded our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms driving alkaloid diversification. These metabolites are produced by specific clades within the family, often in response to selective pressures such as herbivore and pathogen coevolution, which shape alkaloid profiles through both diversification and reduction. Evolutionary processes like genome duplications, rearrangements, and introgressions have also played a significant role in the emergence of new alkaloid pathways, promoting metabolic adaptations. The Solanaceae family exhibits both convergence and divergence in alkaloid production, with certain alkaloids arising independently in different lineages. Notably, biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and gene duplication have been linked to alkaloid diversification, with the structure and function of these regions driving metabolic variability. Furthermore, human domestication of plants such as tobacco and chili peppers has influenced the alkaloid profiles of crop species, particularly in terms of pest resistance and flavor. The evolution of alkaloids in this family has not only shaped plant defense mechanisms but also has important implications for human health and agriculture. This review highlights the dynamic interplay between genetics, ecology, and human influence in the evolution of alkaloids within the Solanaceae family.

生物碱是一种多种含氮代谢物，参与关键的生物相互作用，如防御食草动物和病原体以及招募传粉者。由于茄科植物产生的生物碱种类繁多，如烟碱、tropane生物碱（TAs）、甾体糖生物碱（SGAs）和辣椒素等，因此茄科植物已成为研究生物碱进化的模型。最近的多组学和比较基因组学研究扩大了我们对驱动生物碱多样化的遗传和进化机制的理解。这些代谢物是由家族内的特定分支产生的，通常是对选择压力的反应，例如草食动物和病原体的共同进化，这些压力通过多样化和减少来塑造生物碱谱。基因组复制、重排和基因渗入等进化过程也在新的生物碱途径的出现中发挥了重要作用，促进了代谢适应。茄科植物在生物碱生产上既有趋同又有分化，某些生物碱在不同谱系中独立产生。值得注意的是，生物合成基因簇（BGCs）和基因复制与生物碱多样化有关，这些区域的结构和功能驱动代谢变异性。此外，人类对烟草和辣椒等植物的驯化影响了作物物种的生物碱谱，特别是在抗虫害和风味方面。该科生物碱的进化不仅塑造了植物的防御机制，而且对人类健康和农业具有重要意义。本文综述了茄科生物碱的遗传、生态和人类影响之间的动态相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Prospects for functional genomics of genes involved in coffee-specialized metabolism through cross-species integrative omics 通过跨物种整合组学研究咖啡代谢相关基因的功能基因组学前景

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102729

Maria Kenosis Emmanuelle Lachica , Mutsumi Watanabe , Shigehiko Kanaya , Alisdair R. Fernie , Takayuki Tohge

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most economically important crop species and serves as a rich source of bioactive specialized (secondary) metabolites with various health-promoting properties. Advances in analytical food chemistry and phytochemistry have elucidated an extensive and structurally diverse specialized metabolism in coffee beans, much of which contributes to both organoleptic attributes and adaptive physiological responses in coffee plants. Recent developments in omics-driven methodologies have provided new insights into both coffee metabolism and breeding strategies, particularly those aimed at enhancing both quality traits and environmental resilience. Comparative genomic analyses across Coffea species and cultivars have facilitated the detection of metabolic polymorphisms, enabling inter- and intra-species assessments of biosynthetic pathway variation and the refinement of biosynthetic frameworks for further functional genomics approaches. Such approaches yield critical information regarding the genetic and biochemical determinants underlying specialized metabolite accumulations, which can be directly applied for targeted metabolic engineering and crop improvement. Moreover, cross-species comparative omics and multi-omics integrative analyses, particularly in relation to phylogenetically relevant taxa such as Solanaceae species, exemplified by the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), provide valuable translational insights into conserved and divergent metabolic architectures.

咖啡（Coffea spp.）是经济上最重要的作物物种之一，是具有多种促进健康特性的生物活性特化（次生）代谢物的丰富来源。分析食品化学和植物化学的进展已经阐明了咖啡豆中广泛且结构多样的特殊代谢，这些代谢在很大程度上有助于咖啡植物的感官属性和适应性生理反应。组学驱动方法的最新发展为咖啡代谢和育种策略提供了新的见解，特别是那些旨在提高质量性状和环境适应能力的方法。跨咖啡种和栽培品种的比较基因组分析促进了代谢多态性的检测，使物种间和物种内生物合成途径变异的评估和生物合成框架的完善成为可能，从而为进一步的功能基因组学方法提供支持。这些方法产生了关于特殊代谢物积累的遗传和生化决定因素的关键信息，可以直接应用于有针对性的代谢工程和作物改良。此外，跨物种比较组学和多组学综合分析，特别是与系统发育相关的分类群，如茄科物种，如模式作物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum），为保守和分化的代谢结构提供了有价值的翻译见解。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in the analysis and application of metabolites from tropical plants 热带植物代谢物分析与应用研究进展

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102728

Yong Xiao , Wei Xia , Zhuang Yang , Junjie Zhou, Jie Luo

Tropical regions are characterized by a rich diversity of plant species and unique growth environments, resulting in the production of numerous important medicinal metabolites. This review summarizes the recent progress in the analysis of metabolites from tropical plants. These plants have developed specific metabolites that aid their adaptation to challenging environments, and these compounds hold significant medicinal value. The review further examines the genetic biosynthetic pathways that contribute to the production of these compounds, providing insights into the mechanisms of their synthesis. Additionally, it discusses future prospects for the utilization of these metabolites, exploring potential advancements in biotechnological approaches to enhance their production and application. By emphasizing the significance of tropical plants as reservoirs of bioactive substances, this review aims to encourage further exploration and sustainable use of these important natural resources in the field of medicine and beyond.

热带地区具有丰富多样的植物物种和独特的生长环境，从而产生了许多重要的药用代谢物。本文综述了近年来热带植物代谢物分析的研究进展。这些植物已经发展出特定的代谢物，帮助它们适应具有挑战性的环境，这些化合物具有重要的药用价值。该综述进一步研究了促进这些化合物产生的遗传生物合成途径，为其合成机制提供了见解。此外，还讨论了这些代谢物利用的未来前景，探讨了生物技术方法的潜在进展，以提高其生产和应用。通过强调热带植物作为生物活性物质储存库的重要性，本文旨在鼓励这些重要的自然资源在医学和其他领域的进一步开发和可持续利用。

引用次数: 0

Coordination and regulation of vascular development in roots 根维管发育的协调与调控

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102726

Yuki Kondo , Kyoko Ohashi-Ito

Vascular tissue is crucial for the transport of substances and physical support in most plants. Vascular development in roots encompasses cell proliferation, pattern formation, cell specification, and differentiation. In the roots, the positions and timing of cell proliferation and the differentiation of xylem and phloem cells are strictly controlled in order to achieve continuous vascular transport. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vascular development, with a particular focus on the modulators of each of the above aspects in Arabidopsis roots. In particular, recent technological advances such as genome editing technology and single-cell analysis have led to the discovery of important genes that control vascular development. This paper shows that factors such as hormones, peptides, transcription factors, and microRNAs interact in a multilayered manner to modulate key regulators of root vascular development, ensuring stable vascular formation.

在大多数植物中，维管组织对物质的运输和物理支持至关重要。根的维管发育包括细胞增殖、模式形成、细胞规格和分化。在根中，严格控制细胞增殖的位置和时间，以及木质部和韧皮部细胞的分化，以实现连续的维管运输。本文综述了近年来我们对维管发育的分子机制的理解，特别关注拟南芥根中上述各方面的调节剂。特别是，最近的技术进步，如基因组编辑技术和单细胞分析，导致发现了控制血管发育的重要基因。本文表明，激素、多肽、转录因子和microrna等因素通过多层相互作用，调控根维管发育的关键调控因子，保证了根维管的稳定形成。

引用次数: 0

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