Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

英文中文

Update on translational control modes in plant cell signaling 植物细胞信号转译控制模式研究进展。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102799

Mauricio A. Reynoso

Protein synthesis can contribute to plant cell signaling at multiple regulatory levels. Recent studies have expanded the conditions that are directly impacted by translational regulation. This control can balance responses to developmental, environmental, and diverse stress stimuli. Processes with evidence of translational regulation include: immunity to bacterial pathogens, symbiotic interactions, abiotic responses, hormonal perception, light-dependent metabolism, and developmental programs for lateral root initiation, root hair growth, and sepal initiation. Translational control modes rely on the sequence and secondary structure of mRNAs due to the presence of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) and/or internal ribosome entry sites (IRES), protein-binding regions or structures, and the decoding of the epitranscriptomic mRNA modifications such as N⁶-methyladenosine, N⁴-acetylcytidine or pseudouridine. In addition, the post-translational modification of ribosomal proteins and eukaryotic initiation factors such as eIF4G, eIFiso4G, eIF2, as well as changes in ribosome protein composition contribute to translational control. These factors, mRNAs, regulatory proteins and other RNAs can be confined by the formation of biomolecular condensates such as stress granules, processing bodies and others, resulting in paths that modulate translation both globally and specifically. The covered topics place translation as a hub for cell responses during development and within the environmental context. Current understanding of translation has allowed the development of applications in crops, reinforcing the relevance of the study of translational control in plants.

蛋白质合成可以在多个调控水平上参与植物细胞信号传导。最近的研究扩大了直接受翻译调控影响的条件。这种控制可以平衡对发育、环境和各种应激刺激的反应。具有翻译调节证据的过程包括：对细菌病原体的免疫、共生相互作用、非生物反应、激素感知、光依赖性代谢以及侧根形成、根毛生长和萼片形成的发育程序。翻译控制模式依赖于mRNA的序列和二级结构，这是由于上游开放阅读框（uorf）和/或内部核糖体进入位点（IRES）、蛋白质结合区或结构的存在，以及转录组mRNA修饰如n6 -甲基腺苷、n4 -乙酰胞苷或假尿嘧啶的解码。此外，核糖体蛋白和eIF4G、eIFiso4G、eIF2等真核起始因子的翻译后修饰以及核糖体蛋白组成的变化也有助于翻译控制。这些因子、mrna、调节蛋白和其他rna可以被生物分子凝聚物（如应力颗粒、加工体等）的形成所限制，从而形成全局和特异性调节翻译的途径。所涵盖的主题将翻译作为细胞在发育过程中和环境背景下反应的中心。目前对翻译的理解已经允许在作物中应用的发展，加强了植物中翻译控制研究的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

From genes to epidemics: Genomic insights into bacterial plant pathogen emergence. 从基因到流行病：对细菌植物病原体出现的基因组见解。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102765

Daniel Maddock, Michelle T Hulin

Bacterial phytopathogens are major causal agents of newly emerging plant diseases. The roles of both agricultural practices and the alteration of bacterial genomic content are well understood in the evolution of novel pathogens. However, translating this knowledge into effective tools for the comparison, prediction and understanding of current outbreaks remains challenging. To be pathogenic bacteria must be able to avoid plant immune responses, colonize host tissue and cause disease. Recent advances in both sequencing technologies and imaging techniques have provided fascinating insights into how bacterial interactions with each other and mobile genetic elements play a role in virulence evolution. This review explores these interactions, with a focus on the role of mobile genetic elements in plant pathogen evolution. Special consideration is given to how recent technologies can be applied to allow the observation of these interactions in the field and the future directions required to integrate these tools in field-based monitoring to further understand and enhance early management practices.

细菌性植物病原菌是植物新发病害的主要致病因子。农业实践和细菌基因组内容的改变在新型病原体的进化中所起的作用已得到很好的理解。然而，将这些知识转化为对当前疫情进行比较、预测和了解的有效工具仍然具有挑战性。病原细菌必须能够避免植物的免疫反应，在宿主组织中定植并引起疾病。测序技术和成像技术的最新进展为细菌如何相互作用以及移动遗传元件在毒力进化中发挥作用提供了令人着迷的见解。这篇综述探讨了这些相互作用，重点是移动遗传元件在植物病原体进化中的作用。特别考虑了如何应用最新技术，以便在实地观察这些相互作用，以及将这些工具纳入实地监测以进一步了解和加强早期管理做法所需的未来方向。

引用次数: 0

Plant trait variation shapes plant–microbe interactions in changing climate 植物性状变异决定了气候变化中植物与微生物的相互作用。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102801

Hyung-Woo Jeon , Yujeong Lim , Jong Hum Kim

As the climate crisis intensifies, finding strategies to mitigate its cascading effects is now a pressing global priority for both scientists and policymakers. In agriculture and ecology, a key first step is to understand how changing environmental conditions affect plant–microbe interactions, especially given the knowledge gap between findings from controlled experiments and those from field studies. In this review, we highlight known fluctuations in host factors that mediate interactions with surrounding microorganisms under changing climate conditions and discuss potential future directions to alleviate the impacts of climate changes.

随着气候危机的加剧，寻找减轻其连锁效应的策略现在是科学家和政策制定者紧迫的全球优先事项。在农业和生态学中，关键的第一步是了解不断变化的环境条件如何影响植物与微生物的相互作用，特别是考虑到对照实验结果与实地研究结果之间的知识差距。在这篇综述中，我们强调了在变化的气候条件下介导与周围微生物相互作用的宿主因子的已知波动，并讨论了减轻气候变化影响的潜在未来方向。

引用次数: 0

Plant ribosomopathies: New insights and a critical re-evaluation of ribosomal protein gene mutants in plants 植物核糖体病：植物核糖体蛋白基因突变的新见解和关键的重新评估

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102791

Ryan E. Martinez, Katherine A. Klimpel, Michael Busche, Jacob O. Brunkard

Ribosomes are essential cellular machines that translate genetic information into functional proteins. Ribosomes require massive nutrient investments, accounting for as much as 50 % of organic phosphorus and 25 % of organic nitrogen in leaves. Optimizing ribosome levels could therefore reduce crop plant fertilizer requirements, an urgent goal for agricultural sustainability. Disruptions to ribosome biogenesis often cause surprising developmental defects, however, and there is substantial confusion and debate among plant geneticists about how to interpret mutant phenotypes caused by defective ribosomes. Here, we propose to adopt the conceptual framework of “ribosomopathies”, human disorders caused by defects in ribosome biogenesis, to better appreciate why some plant developmental processes are more sensitive to ribosome levels than others. We argue that understanding plant ribosomopathies as a broad class of mutants that affect ribosome homeostasis, rather than a series of distinct cases impacting specialized, heterogeneous ribosomes, will encourage productive mechanistic studies of specific ribosome-sensitive developmental processes that could be engineered to circumvent the deleterious effects of restricting ribosome availability.

核糖体是将遗传信息转化为功能性蛋白质的基本细胞机器。核糖体需要大量的营养投入，占叶片中有机磷的50%和有机氮的25%。因此，优化核糖体水平可以减少作物对肥料的需求，这是农业可持续发展的迫切目标。然而，核糖体生物发生的中断经常导致令人惊讶的发育缺陷，植物遗传学家对如何解释由缺陷核糖体引起的突变表型存在大量的困惑和争论。在这里，我们建议采用“核糖体病”的概念框架，即由核糖体生物发生缺陷引起的人类疾病，以更好地理解为什么一些植物发育过程对核糖体水平比其他过程更敏感。我们认为，将植物核糖体病理解为一类影响核糖体稳态的广泛突变，而不是一系列影响特化、异质核糖体的不同病例，将鼓励对特定核糖体敏感发育过程的有效机制研究，这些过程可以设计为规避限制核糖体可用性的有害影响。

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引用次数: 0

Arabinogalactan proteins: Decoding the multifaceted roles in plant reproduction 阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白：解码植物繁殖中的多方面作用

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102800

Jessy Silva , Diana Moreira , Maria João Ferreira , Ana Marta Pereira , Luís Gustavo Pereira , Sílvia Coimbra

Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are highly glycosylated cell wall proteins essential for plant growth and reproduction. AGPs are extensively decorated with arabinogalactan polysaccharides, composed primarily of arabinose and galactose, along with minor sugars such as glucuronic acid, fucose, and rhamnose. Their glycosylation patterns and glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor enable interactions with receptors, modulating signal transduction pathways critical for reproduction. AGPs also associate with cell wall components like pectin and hemicellulose, impacting cellulose deposition and cell wall integrity. Recent research highlights AGPs' role as calcium (Ca²⁺) capacitors, regulating Ca²⁺ storage and release during crucial reproductive stages. Despite significant progress, their precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we explore the multifaceted roles of AGPs in plant reproduction, shedding light on the recent progress in their involvement in signalling pathways, cell wall interactions, and Ca²⁺ homeostasis, while highlighting the ongoing research needed to fully understand their mechanisms in reproductive success.

阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白（AGPs）是一种高度糖基化的细胞壁蛋白，对植物生长和繁殖至关重要。agp被阿拉伯半乳糖多糖广泛修饰，主要由阿拉伯糖和半乳糖组成，还有少量糖，如葡萄糖醛酸、焦糖和鼠李糖。它们的糖基化模式和糖基磷脂酰肌醇锚定能够与受体相互作用，调节对生殖至关重要的信号转导途径。agp还与果胶和半纤维素等细胞壁成分相关，影响纤维素沉积和细胞壁完整性。最近的研究强调了agp作为钙（Ca2+）电容器的作用，在关键的生殖阶段调节Ca2+的储存和释放。尽管取得了重大进展，但它们的精确分子机制仍然难以捉摸。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了AGPs在植物生殖中的多方面作用，揭示了它们参与信号通路、细胞壁相互作用和Ca2+稳态的最新进展，同时强调了正在进行的研究需要充分了解它们在生殖成功中的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Deciphering actomyosin functions in plant cytokinesis: A half-century odyssey 破译肌动球蛋白在植物细胞分裂中的功能：半个世纪的奥德赛。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102790

Bo Liu , Takumi Higaki , Yuh-Ru Julie Lee

Half a century ago, it was discovered that in somatic plant cells actin microfilaments play a critical role in division plane orientation but not in cell plate assembly during cytokinesis. Because plant cytokinesis is brought about by the microtubule-based phragmoplast, the actomyosin system must be required for the centrifugally expanding phragmoplast to recognize the cortical division zone established by the microtubular preprophase band (PPB). It has been intriguing to learn how the two cytoskeletal elements communicate with each other in the two temporally separated cytokinetic apparatuses of the PPB and the phragmoplast. Half a century later, it is now clear that the PPB recruits the actomyosin system to the cortical division zone where the Myosin XI motors form macromolecular assemblies with Kinesin-12 motors and other microtubule-associated proteins. These Cytoskeleton-Associated Motor assemblies at the PPB site (CAMPs) play critical roles in the maintenance of the division site established by the PPB. They receive microtubules emanating from the edge of the expanding phragmoplast so that the developing cell plate can be inserted into the spatially defined position. Therefore, the actomyosin system joins microtubules to orchestrate the recognition of the PPB-defined position by the phragmoplast in order to execute cytokinesis in a spatiotemporally regulated manner in somatic plant cells.

半个世纪前，人们发现在体细胞植物细胞中，肌动蛋白微丝在细胞质分裂过程中对分裂平面定向起关键作用，但在细胞板组装中不起作用。由于植物细胞分裂是由基于微管的片质体引起的，因此离心扩张的片质体识别由微管前期带（PPB）建立的皮质分裂区必须需要肌动球蛋白系统。在PPB和膜质体这两个暂时分离的细胞动力学装置中，这两个细胞骨架元件是如何相互交流的，这是一个有趣的研究。半个世纪后，现在已经清楚PPB将肌动球蛋白系统招募到皮层分裂区，在那里肌动蛋白XI马达与肌动蛋白12马达和其他微管相关蛋白形成大分子组装。这些位于PPB位点的细胞骨架相关马达组件（camp）在PPB建立的分裂位点的维护中起着关键作用。它们接收从扩展的膜质体边缘发出的微管，以便发育中的细胞板可以插入到空间定义的位置。因此，肌动球蛋白系统加入微管，协调片质体对ppb定义位置的识别，以便在体细胞中以时空调节的方式执行细胞分裂。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular puppeteering: Roles of Ustilago maydis effectors 分子操纵：黑穗病菌效应物的作用

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102792

Chibbhi Bhaskar , Neelima Chandrasekharan , Minh-Quang Chau , Lay-Sun Ma

Effector proteins are central to the pathogenicity of filamentous fungi, particularly in smut fungi like Ustilago maydis, where impaired delivery of effectors into host cells results in attenuated virulence. This review outlines how U. maydis effectors function across diverse host compartments to manipulate host responses and induce tumor-like gall formation. We explore how effector studies uncover novel aspects of plant defense and highlight the evolutionary divergence between core and accessory effectors, shaped by host adaptation and selective pressure. Despite recent advances, challenges remain in characterizing poorly conserved or intrinsically disordered effectors. We emphasize the need for species-specific functional validation and improved tools, such as structural modeling, localization strategies, and maize genetic manipulation. Integrating structural and functional approaches will be essential to decipher effector mechanisms and the molecular arms race between smut fungi and their hosts, ultimately informing strategies for durable crop resistance.

效应蛋白是丝状真菌致病性的核心，特别是在黑穗病菌，如黑穗病菌，在宿主细胞中受损的效应蛋白传递导致毒性减弱。这篇综述概述了美国梅迪斯效应物如何在不同的宿主区室中起作用，以操纵宿主反应并诱导肿瘤样胆汁的形成。我们探讨了效应物研究如何揭示植物防御的新方面，并强调了核心效应物和辅助效应物之间的进化差异，这些差异是由宿主适应和选择压力形成的。尽管最近取得了进展，但在描述保守性差或内在无序的效应物方面仍然存在挑战。我们强调了对物种特异性功能验证和改进工具的需求，如结构建模、定位策略和玉米遗传操作。整合结构和功能方法对于破译黑穗病真菌及其宿主之间的效应机制和分子军备竞赛至关重要，最终为作物持久抗性的策略提供信息。

引用次数: 0

DNA methylation dynamics: patterns, regulation, and function DNA甲基化动力学：模式、调控和功能。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102787

Jia Gwee, Wenwen Tian, Shuiming Qian, Xuehua Zhong

As the crucial interface between the genome and the environment, the epigenome plays a key role in plant survival and thriving. Despite the identical DNA sequence in each nucleus of an individual, its interpretation by the cell is governed by both spatial and environmental contexts. The field of plant epigenetics is advancing rapidly with groundbreaking discoveries that are transforming our knowledge of how plants regulate gene expression, adapt to environmental changes, and uphold genomic stability. Recent technological advancements have also dramatically enhanced our ability to study the epigenome with precision, offering insights into its role at an unprecedented scale. Here, we highlight the latest findings focusing on the intricate balance of DNA methylation, the dynamic and multi-layered regulatory mechanisms, and the role and evolutionary significance of DNA methylation variations across diverse plant species. Understanding these variations in DNA methylation offers crucial insights into how plant epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression, genome organization, development, and responses to environmental changes.

表观基因组作为基因组与环境之间的重要接口，在植物的生存和繁荣中起着关键作用。尽管每个细胞核中的DNA序列相同，但细胞对其的解释受空间和环境背景的影响。植物表观遗传学领域正以突破性的发现迅速发展，这些发现正在改变我们对植物如何调节基因表达、适应环境变化和维护基因组稳定性的认识。最近的技术进步也极大地提高了我们精确研究表观基因组的能力，以前所未有的规模提供了对其作用的见解。在此，我们重点介绍了DNA甲基化的复杂平衡、动态和多层调控机制以及不同植物物种DNA甲基化变异的作用和进化意义等方面的最新发现。了解这些DNA甲基化的变化对了解植物表观遗传机制如何调节基因表达、基因组组织、发育和对环境变化的反应提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Epigenetic processes involved in the activation of the DNA damage response in plants: A link to stress memory 参与植物DNA损伤反应激活的表观遗传过程：与应激记忆的联系。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102789

Paula Casati

Epigenetic memory refers to heritable information that is not encoded in the DNA sequence itself but is transmitted across generations through epigenetic modifications. These modifications can arise in response to environmental stimuli, such as heat stress or DNA-damaging conditions, and may persist across multiple generations. One of the primary epigenetic marks in plants is DNA methylation, whose role in stress memory is discussed in a separate review within this Special Issue. In this article, I will focus in one particular stress condition, genotoxic stress, that occurs after plants are exposed to internal or external agents that produce damage in the DNA. I will present and discuss various examples of the establishment, dynamics, and maintenance of epigenetic marks in plants that trigger the DNA damage response, along with their physiological consequences.

表观遗传记忆是指不编码在DNA序列本身，而是通过表观遗传修饰代代相传的遗传信息。这些变化可能是对环境刺激的反应，如热应激或dna损伤条件，并可能持续多代。植物的主要表观遗传标记之一是DNA甲基化，其在胁迫记忆中的作用将在本期特刊的另一篇综述中讨论。在这篇文章中，我将集中讨论一种特殊的胁迫条件，即基因毒性胁迫，这种胁迫发生在植物暴露于产生DNA损伤的内部或外部因素之后。我将介绍和讨论植物中触发DNA损伤反应的表观遗传标记的建立、动态和维持的各种例子，以及它们的生理后果。

引用次数: 0

Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 complexes and their increasing roles in crop improvement 与Set1复合物相关的蛋白质复合物及其在作物改良中的日益重要的作用。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102788

Jun-Yu Chen , Pan-Yi Zhang , Cheng-Guo Duan

The Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS) complexes represent a group of highly conserved, multi-subunit complexes that catalyze histone H3 lysine 4 methylation across eukaryotic species. In Drosophila and mammals, COMPASS complexes are classified into distinct subtypes with diverse functions determined by their subunit composition. Plants have evolved analogous COMPASS assemblies that similarly exhibit functional diversification, playing pleiotropic roles in regulating vegetative growth, flowering transition, and stress adaptation. Recent studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the composition, chromatin targeting, and biological functions of plant COMPASS. In this review, we summarize the conserved core components of COMPASS in several plant species, the chromatin targeting strategies, crosstalk with other epigenetic marks, and regulatory role of COMPASS in stress adaptation. We also talk about the researches that may provide clues for crop improvement.

与Set1相关的蛋白质复合物（COMPASS）复合物代表了一组高度保守的多亚基复合物，在真核生物物种中催化组蛋白H3赖氨酸4甲基化。在果蝇和哺乳动物中，COMPASS复合物被分为不同的亚型，其亚基组成决定了其不同的功能。植物也进化出类似的COMPASS组件，它们同样表现出功能多样化，在调节营养生长、开花转变和逆境适应方面发挥多效作用。近年来的研究极大地促进了我们对植物COMPASS的组成、染色质靶向和生物学功能的了解。本文综述了COMPASS在几种植物中保守的核心成分、染色质靶向策略、与其他表观遗传标记的串扰以及COMPASS在逆境适应中的调控作用。我们还讨论了可能为作物改良提供线索的研究。

引用次数: 0

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