Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

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Under the rainbow: Novel insights on the mechanisms driving the development and evolution of petal pigmentation 彩虹之下：对驱动花瓣色素沉着的发展和进化机制的新见解

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102743

May T.S. Yeo , Edwige Moyroud

Flower colours have intrigued scientists and artists alike across the ages, but our understanding of how flowers paint their corolla is largely incomplete. Here, we explore how recent studies are bringing to light the dark side of flower colour. We review novel discoveries related to the molecular mechanisms underpinning petal pigmentation, and we argue that colour patterns on the corolla constitute powerful experimental systems to address complex biological questions, including the outcomes of gene duplication, the emergence of novelty, and the significance of regulatory and coding changes in generating morphological diversity. Natural variants represent fantastic resources not only to discover the genetic basis of biodiversity, but also to fill gaps in our understanding of the processes plants employ to appear colourful. As modifications of pigment production often yield striking, tractable phenotypes, floral colour studies provide unique opportunities to illuminate key developmental questions associated with morphogenesis and patterning. Exploring petal pattern variation in an ever-increasing range of species uncovers new research avenues to comprehend the inner workings of development and evolution. By understanding these processes, we are better equipped to program plant behaviour to enhance floral traits and to gain unprecedented insights into the strategies that shape speciation and the emergence of Darwin's ‘endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful’.

多年来，花朵的颜色一直吸引着科学家和艺术家，但我们对花朵如何绘制花冠的理解在很大程度上是不完整的。在这里，我们探讨了最近的研究是如何揭示花朵颜色的阴暗面的。我们回顾了与花瓣色素沉着的分子机制相关的新发现，并认为花冠上的颜色模式构成了强大的实验系统，可以解决复杂的生物学问题，包括基因复制的结果，新颖性的出现，以及产生形态多样性的调节和编码变化的意义。自然变异代表了奇妙的资源，不仅可以发现生物多样性的遗传基础，还可以填补我们对植物呈现色彩的过程的理解空白。由于色素产生的修饰通常会产生引人注目的、易处理的表型，因此花的颜色研究为阐明与形态发生和模式相关的关键发育问题提供了独特的机会。在越来越多的物种中探索花瓣模式的变化，为理解发育和进化的内部运作提供了新的研究途径。通过了解这些过程，我们可以更好地对植物行为进行编程，以增强花的特征，并对形成物种的策略和达尔文的“最美丽、最奇妙的无尽形式”的出现获得前所未有的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Forging the pollen fortress: Cell biological mechanisms of exine formation 锻造花粉堡垒：胞外壁形成的细胞生物学机制

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102742

Yuan Zhou, Anna A. Dobritsa

During its development, pollen becomes surrounded by a complex cell wall known as the exine. Exine is preceded by the primexine–a thin, transient extracellular structure essential for the formation of a well-developed exine but challenging to visualize and study. Exine formation requires a partnership between the developing pollen and the inner sporophytic anther layer, the tapetum. The tapetum produces enzymes and materials necessary for exine development, which are delivered to the surface of developing pollen and become assembled into the distinct layers and patterns of exine. However, how exine materials are transported, and how the events occurring in the tapetum and in developing pollen are coordinated, remains poorly understood. This review highlights recent advances in understanding primexine structure and composition, the trafficking of exine materials toward the pollen surface, and the recently discovered communication mechanism involving the tapetum, developing pollen, and the middle layer of the anther.

在花粉发育过程中，花粉被称为外壁的复杂细胞壁所包围。外胞质之前是初胞质，这是一种薄的、短暂的细胞外结构，对于形成发育良好的外胞质至关重要，但对可视化和研究具有挑战性。外壁的形成需要发育中的花粉和孢子体内部的花药层，即绒毡层之间的伙伴关系。绒毡层产生外壁发育所必需的酶和物质，这些酶和物质被运送到正在发育的花粉的表面，并组装成不同的外壁层和图案。然而，关于绒毡层和花粉发育过程中发生的事件是如何协调的，我们仍然知之甚少。本文综述了近年来在了解原质结构和组成、向花粉表面运输外壁物质以及最近发现的涉及绒毡层、发育中的花粉和花药中间层的通讯机制方面的最新进展。

引用次数: 0

Wet scissors: How biomolecular condensates cut cellular membranes 湿剪刀：生物分子凝聚物如何切割细胞膜

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102740

Xiaofeng Fang , Alexander I. May , Katharina Sporbeck , Lukas Hauer , Roland L. Knorr

Membrane shape is a fundamental determinant of cellular organisation. Reshaping of membranes is crucial for dynamic processes including organelle and cell division, endocytosis and membrane trafficking. Membrane fission (or scission) is a discontinuous, topological shape change that is central in many such processes. Specialised remodelling proteins, such as dynamins and ESCRT proteins, are capable of forming oligomeric spirals that drive membrane fission in cells. In this review, we summarise evidence demonstrating that capillary forces generated by liquid-like biomolecular condensates can facilitate cellular membrane reshaping and drive fission events. We draw on our recent findings that condensates are implicated in multivesicular body formation to describe the molecular and physical principles that allow biomolecular condensates to cut membranes. We further discuss possible interactions between novel condensate-mediated fission processes and established reshaping processes. We propose that condensates make an important contribution to membrane remodelling events involved in the biogenesis of diverse cellular structures. The characterisation of condensate-mediated membrane reshaping promises to transform our understanding of intracellular organisation and dynamics.

膜的形状是细胞组织的基本决定因素。膜的重塑对细胞器和细胞分裂、内吞作用和膜运输等动态过程至关重要。膜裂变（或断裂）是一种不连续的拓扑形状变化，在许多这样的过程中是中心的。专门的重塑蛋白，如动力蛋白和ESCRT蛋白，能够形成寡聚螺旋，驱动细胞中的膜裂变。在这篇综述中，我们总结了由液体状生物分子凝聚物产生的毛细力可以促进细胞膜重塑和驱动裂变事件的证据。我们利用我们最近的发现，冷凝物与多泡体的形成有关，以描述允许生物分子冷凝物切割膜的分子和物理原理。我们进一步讨论了新的凝聚介导的裂变过程和已建立的重塑过程之间可能的相互作用。我们认为冷凝物在不同细胞结构的生物发生过程中对膜重塑事件做出了重要贡献。缩合物介导的膜重塑的特征有望改变我们对细胞内组织和动力学的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Extracellular vesicle-mediated RNA warfare: A cross-kingdom battleground 细胞外囊泡介导的RNA战争：跨界战场

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102741

Brisa Davila, Baoye He

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by cells that carry proteins, RNAs, and other bioactive molecules to mediate intercellular communication. While EV research is well established in animals, studies on plant-derived EVs have only recently emerged, uncovering their critical roles in plant-microbe interactions and cross-kingdom RNA communication. Plant EVs have been shown to selectively deliver small RNAs (sRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) to fungal pathogens, suppressing virulence and enhancing plant immunity. Progress in plant EV research has been accelerated by advancements in isolation techniques, such as high-resolution density gradient and immunoaffinity purification. However, challenges remain, including elucidating EV biogenesis, cargo selection, and the mechanisms by which EVs cross plant and fungal cell walls. This review provides an overview of recent progress in plant EV research, with a particular emphasis on EV-mediated cross-kingdom RNA communication and identifies promising directions for future investigation.

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种纳米级的脂质双层囊泡，由细胞分泌，携带蛋白质、rna和其他生物活性分子，介导细胞间通讯。虽然动物EV研究已经建立，但植物源EV研究最近才出现，揭示了它们在植物-微生物相互作用和跨界RNA通信中的关键作用。植物ev已被证明可以选择性地向真菌病原体传递小rna （sRNAs）和信使rna (mrna)，从而抑制毒力并增强植物免疫力。高分辨率密度梯度和免疫亲和纯化等分离技术的进步加快了植物EV研究的进展。然而，挑战仍然存在，包括阐明电动汽车的生物发生，货物选择，以及电动汽车通过植物和真菌细胞壁的机制。本文综述了植物EV研究的最新进展，特别强调EV介导的跨界RNA通讯，并确定了未来研究的有希望的方向。

引用次数: 0

Quantitative ambient mass spectrometry imaging in plants: A perspective on challenges and future applications 植物定量环境质谱成像：挑战与未来应用展望

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102736

Sarah E. Noll , Andrea M. Sama , Abigail Tripka , Alexandra J. Dickinson

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful approach to understanding plant chemistry in a native context because it retains key spatial information that is otherwise averaged out, permitting chemical compounds to be mapped to specific tissue structures. Identifying the spatial localization of compounds in plant tissues has provided insights into the synthesis and functional role of a wide range of endogenous molecules. The power and utility of MSI is being further expanded through the development of quantitative methodologies, which enable relative and absolute quantification of target analytes. Here, we briefly summarize applications of MSI in plant studies. We then turn our discussion to the challenges and developments in quantitative MSI, with a particular focus on ambient liquid extraction-based methods. Quantitative MSI is an emerging discipline in plant studies and holds great promise for revealing new information about the molecular composition of plant tissues and the pathways that regulate plant physiology.

质谱成像（MSI）是一种了解原生环境下植物化学的有力方法，因为它保留了关键的空间信息，否则会被平均掉，允许化合物被映射到特定的组织结构。确定植物组织中化合物的空间定位为了解广泛的内源分子的合成和功能作用提供了见解。通过定量方法的发展，MSI的力量和效用正在进一步扩大，这使得目标分析物的相对和绝对量化成为可能。本文就MSI在植物研究中的应用作一综述。然后，我们将讨论定量MSI的挑战和发展，特别关注基于环境液体提取的方法。定量MSI是植物研究中的一门新兴学科，在揭示植物组织的分子组成和调节植物生理的途径方面具有很大的前景。

引用次数: 0

Function of nuclear envelope proteins in plant growth and development 核膜蛋白在植物生长发育中的作用

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102738

Olivia S. Hazelwood , Norman B. Best , M. Arif Ashraf

Nuclear envelope proteins are present across the eukaryotes. Over the past few decades, genetic, molecular, and cell biology tools have been used extensively to study the nuclear envelope proteins in plant and non-plant model organisms, as well as human cell lines. Plant biologists have identified a series of nuclear envelope proteins using both forward and reverse genetic approaches, bioinformatics predictions, and protein–protein interactions. Each discovery is tightly linked with alterations in plant growth and developmental phenotypes. In this review, we highlight the recently emerging developmental aspects, more precisely, stomatal, reproductive, and root development, involving plant nuclear envelope proteins.

核包膜蛋白存在于真核生物中。在过去的几十年里，遗传、分子和细胞生物学工具被广泛用于研究植物和非植物模式生物以及人类细胞系的核膜蛋白。植物生物学家利用正向和反向遗传方法、生物信息学预测和蛋白-蛋白相互作用鉴定了一系列核膜蛋白。每一项发现都与植物生长和发育表型的改变密切相关。本文综述了植物核包膜蛋白在气孔、生殖和根系发育方面的研究进展。

引用次数: 0

WUSCHEL: The essential regulator of the Arabidopsis shoot Apical Meristem WUSCHEL：拟南芥茎尖分生组织的重要调控因子

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102739

Elena D. Shpak, Muhammad Uzair

Plant longevity depends on reservoirs of slowly proliferating stem cells, where a reduced rate of division is essential for maintaining DNA integrity. Aboveground stem cells are localized in the central zone of the shoot meristems, whose size is controlled by the transcription factor WUS. This review focuses on the mechanism of WUS function and the regulation of its expression. WUS maintains the central zone's size by controlling the hormones such as cytokinins. It forms complexes with various transcription factors and can act as a repressor and an activator of gene transcription. Cytokinins define WUS spatial expression relative to the meristem surface, while EPFL signaling limits WUS radial expansion. CLV3 signaling modulates WUS expression levels within the boundaries set by cytokinin and EPFLs. A significant overlap of WUS and CLV3 expression in the L3 layer suggests that autocrine signaling by CLV3 may play a central role in regulating WUS expression.

植物的寿命取决于缓慢增殖的干细胞储存库，而干细胞的分裂速率降低对于维持DNA的完整性至关重要。地上干细胞位于茎分生组织的中心区域，其大小受转录因子WUS控制。现就WUS的作用机制及其表达调控作一综述。WUS通过控制细胞分裂素等激素来维持中枢区的大小。它与多种转录因子形成复合物，可作为基因转录的抑制因子和激活因子。细胞分裂素决定WUS相对于分生组织表面的空间表达，而EPFL信号则限制WUS的径向扩张。CLV3信号在细胞分裂素和epfl设定的边界内调节WUS的表达水平。L3层WUS和CLV3表达的显著重叠表明，CLV3的自分泌信号可能在调节WUS表达中发挥核心作用。

引用次数: 0

Mechanical control of plant organ growth: Lessons from the seed 植物器官生长的机械控制：来自种子的教训

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102737

Jeanne Braat, Benoit Landrein

Plant organ growth is governed by the mechanical properties of individual cells but also by mechanical interactions between adjacent cells and tissues. These interactions generate forces that are sensed, triggering mechanical responses that influence essential cellular processes important for growth and differentiation. However, the extent to which cell mechanical properties and responses to forces shape organ size and form, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, remain poorly understood due to the inherent complexity of plant organ morphogenesis. In this review, we highlight recent advancements in understanding the mechanics of plant organ development, focusing on insights gained from studying Arabidopsis seed development. We illustrate how mechanical interactions between tissues contribute to the regulation of seed growth and provide a framework for exploring the role of mechanics in shaping plant morphology.

植物器官的生长不仅受单个细胞的力学特性的支配，还受相邻细胞和组织之间的力学相互作用的支配。这些相互作用产生被感知的力，触发影响生长和分化重要的基本细胞过程的机械反应。然而，由于植物器官形态发生固有的复杂性，细胞的机械特性和对力的反应在多大程度上塑造了器官的大小和形状，以及这些过程背后的分子机制，仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了植物器官发育机制的最新进展，重点介绍了从拟南芥种子发育研究中获得的见解。我们说明了组织之间的机械相互作用如何促进种子生长的调节，并为探索力学在塑造植物形态中的作用提供了一个框架。

引用次数: 0

Branching under pressure: Influences of cell wall architecture and biomechanics on lateral root morphogenesis 压力下的分枝：细胞壁结构和生物力学对侧根形态发生的影响

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102735

Ritu Vadodaria, Charles T. Anderson

Plants carry out a unique type of organogenesis in which cells do not move relative to each other but instead maintain their relative positions and grow in concert. The coordinated regulation of cell shape and size is thus essential for organ morphogenesis, but in a few developmental processes, most notably in invasive growth and the establishment of branched tissue architectures, cell and tissue growth in plants involves the displacement of surrounding or overlying tissues. Plant cells accomplish patterned developmental morphogenesis in part due to the mechanically complex architectures of their cell walls, which can anisotropically constrain the expansion that is facilitated in many cases by the cellular uptake of water that results in cell pressurization. Here, we focus on one example of patterned tissue growth and cell displacement, the formation and emergence of lateral roots, as a paradigm for understanding how cell wall architecture and cellular biomechanics influence the differentiation and growth of new organs in plants. We highlight recent advances in our knowledge of how hormone signaling, transcriptional regulation, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell wall synthesis and remodeling influence lateral root initiation and emergence, and propose hypotheses and potential research directions for future studies of these complex but essential developmental processes.

植物进行一种独特类型的器官发生，细胞之间不是相对移动，而是保持它们的相对位置并协同生长。因此，细胞形状和大小的协调调节对器官形态发生至关重要，但在一些发育过程中，尤其是在侵入性生长和分支组织结构的建立中，植物细胞和组织的生长涉及周围或覆盖组织的移位。植物细胞完成模式发育形态发生的部分原因是由于其细胞壁的机械复杂结构，这可以各向异性地限制扩张，在许多情况下，细胞对水的摄取导致细胞加压。在这里，我们聚焦于组织生长和细胞位移的一个例子，侧根的形成和出现，作为理解细胞壁结构和细胞生物力学如何影响植物新器官分化和生长的范例。我们重点介绍了激素信号、转录调控、细胞骨架动力学和细胞壁合成和重塑如何影响侧根的发生和萌发的最新进展，并为这些复杂但重要的发育过程的未来研究提出了假设和潜在的研究方向。

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引用次数: 0

Organ symmetry establishment during gynoecium development 雌蕊发育过程中器官对称性的建立

IF 8.3 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102732

Iqra Jamil , Ayanava Giri , Laila Moubayidin

Symmetry is a key factor in the morphological diversity and reproductive success of angiosperms (flowering plants). The gynoecium, the female reproductive organ of the flower, displays remarkable variation in symmetry types, ranging from bilateral to radial, from its base (ovary) to its apex (style). Proper tissue growth and differentiation occur along the body axes to form three-dimensional structures and establish symmetric forms within the organ.

In this review, we summarise the latest understanding on cellular, molecular and genetic mechanisms governing pivotal symmetry changes during gynoecium development and highlight unresolved questions and potential avenues for future research. Understanding these processes provides valuable insights into the biological networks that regulate symmetry foundation in plant organs, contributing to a broader evolutionary and developmental perspective on plant morphogenesis.

对称是被子植物（开花植物）形态多样性和繁殖成功的关键因素。雌蕊，花的雌性生殖器官，在对称类型上表现出显著的变化，从两侧到放射状，从基部（子房）到顶部（花柱）。适当的组织生长和分化发生沿体轴形成三维结构和建立器官内的对称形式。在这篇综述中，我们总结了在雌蕊发育过程中控制关键对称性变化的细胞、分子和遗传机制的最新认识，并强调了尚未解决的问题和未来研究的潜在途径。了解这些过程可以为了解调节植物器官对称基础的生物网络提供有价值的见解，有助于从更广泛的角度研究植物形态发生的进化和发育。

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