Current opinion in plant biology最新文献

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Signaling at the interface: The cell wall, peptides, and extracellular vesicles mediate partner communication during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis 界面信号：细胞壁、多肽和细胞外囊泡在丛枝菌根共生过程中介导伙伴通讯

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102849

Diana R. Rodriguez-Garcia , Lena Maria Müller

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations of plants and Glomeromycotina soil fungi play a crucial role in all terrestrial ecosystems. In this mutually beneficial interaction, obligate biotrophic fungi acquire photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plant, while the mutualistic fungi enhance plant access to soil nutrients. AM fungi colonize the inner tissues of host roots, where they form specialized symbiotic structures (arbuscules) within fully differentiated cortex cells that are reprogrammed to host the microbe. Given the intimate nature of the interaction, extensive partner communication at the interface of plant and fungal cells is crucial for the development and functioning of AM symbiosis. The peri-arbuscular space, a specialized apoplast compartment surrounding the arbuscules, supports not only nutrient exchange between the symbiotic partners but is also the site of extensive partner crosstalk mediated by cell wall components, receptors, signaling peptides, and extracellular vesicles. Such signaling processes in the apoplast modulate plant immune responses to enable colonization by beneficial fungi, making this compartment a key player for the establishment and maintenance of AM symbiosis. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries related to the role of partner communication in the apoplast, with a focus on peptide and cell wall signaling, as well as extracellular vesicles.

植物丛枝菌根（AM）与土壤真菌丛枝菌根（Glomeromycotina soil fungi）在陆地生态系统中起着至关重要的作用。在这种互利的相互作用中，专性生物营养真菌从植物中获取光合固定碳，而互惠真菌则增加植物对土壤养分的获取。AM真菌在寄主根的内部组织中定植，在完全分化的皮层细胞中形成专门的共生结构（丛枝），这些细胞被重新编程为寄主微生物。考虑到相互作用的亲密性，植物和真菌细胞界面上广泛的伙伴交流对AM共生的发展和功能至关重要。丛枝周围空间是围绕丛枝的一个特化的外质体室，它不仅支持共生伙伴之间的营养交换，而且是细胞壁成分、受体、信号肽和细胞外囊泡介导的广泛的伙伴串扰的场所。外质体中的这种信号传导过程调节植物的免疫反应，使有益真菌能够定植，使该室成为AM共生关系建立和维持的关键角色。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近发现的有关伴侣通讯在外质体中的作用，重点是肽和细胞壁信号，以及细胞外囊泡。

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引用次数: 0

Cross-kingdom gene transfer as a driver of land plant evolution 跨界基因转移作为陆地植物进化的驱动力

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102850

Arie Fridrich, Nicholas A.T. Irwin

Land plant evolution has been marked by bursts of novelty, often underpinned by extensive genomic innovation. A key mechanism driving these changes is horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the process by which genes move between species and even across taxonomic kingdoms. HGT can accelerate evolutionary change through the rapid introduction of new genes yet its importance in plant biology is only beginning to be understood. Here, we review the functional contributions of HGT during the origin and diversification of land plants. We discuss the occurrence of HGT throughout plant evolution and its impact on the origin of defining traits from cell walls to developmental programs. Beyond ancient contributions, HGT continues to drive the emergence of lineage-specific innovations. Recently acquired bacterial and fungal genes make complex functional contributions to processes including stress response, pathogen defence, and development across plant phylogeny. These observations suggest that HGT was, and continues to be, a major force shaping plant evolution, exemplifying the potential significance of HGT in eukaryotic biology more broadly.

陆生植物进化的特点是新颖性的爆发，通常以广泛的基因组创新为基础。驱动这些变化的一个关键机制是水平基因转移（HGT），即基因在物种之间甚至在分类领域之间移动的过程。HGT可以通过快速引入新基因来加速进化变化，但它在植物生物学中的重要性才刚刚开始被理解。本文综述了HGT在陆地植物起源和多样化过程中的功能贡献。我们讨论了HGT在植物进化过程中的发生及其对从细胞壁到发育程序的定义性状起源的影响。除了古代的贡献，HGT继续推动特定谱系创新的出现。最近获得的细菌和真菌基因在植物系统发育过程中具有复杂的功能贡献，包括应激反应，病原体防御和发育。这些观察结果表明，HGT过去是，并将继续是塑造植物进化的主要力量，说明了HGT在真核生物生物学中更广泛的潜在意义。

引用次数: 0

Blinded by the lights? Re-examining the adaptive role of transposable elements in plants with population genomics 被灯光弄瞎了眼睛？用群体基因组学重新审视转座因子在植物中的适应性作用。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102846

Anne C. Roulin

Transposable elements (TEs) are ubiquitous components of the genome whose mobility can be triggered by environmental stress and influenced by genotype–environment interactions. In plants, TEs constitute a substantial proportion of the genome and frequently cause large-effect mutations that impact gene regulation, methylation, and phenotype expression. These characteristics have recently positioned TEs as potential drivers of rapid local adaptation. However, this perspective is not always integrated with the broader understanding of fitness effects and neutral processes. Despite numerous associations between TEs and fitness-related traits, clear cases directly linking TE insertion, phenotype, and fitness in natural populations—i.e., genuine examples of local adaptation—remain rare in plants. Emerging population-genomic evidence presents a more complex picture: while some TE insertions may facilitate adaptation or rapid responses to environmental change, most are selected against and act as deleterious, selfish elements. The evolutionary dynamics of TEs are further modulated by genome architecture, reproductive system, and ecological context, underscoring their system-specific behavior. In this opinion piece, I argue that generalizing about the significance of TEs in local adaptation in plants is fraught with complexity and risks oversimplification. As sequencing technologies advance, integrating theoretical population genetics with large-scale comparative analyses and simulations across a wider range of species will be essential to more fully characterize the dynamics of TEs.

转座因子（te）是基因组中普遍存在的组成部分，其迁移可由环境胁迫触发，并受基因型-环境相互作用的影响。在植物中，te构成了基因组的很大一部分，并且经常引起影响基因调控、甲基化和表型表达的大效应突变。这些特征最近使TEs成为快速本地适应的潜在驱动因素。然而，这一观点并不总是与对适应度效应和中性过程的更广泛理解相结合。尽管TE与适应度相关性状之间存在许多关联，但在自然种群中，有明确的病例直接将TE插入、表型和适应度联系起来。在植物中仍然很少有真正的地方适应的例子。新出现的种群基因组证据呈现了一个更复杂的画面：虽然一些TE插入可能促进适应或对环境变化的快速反应，但大多数被选择为有害的，自私的元素。TEs的进化动态进一步受到基因组结构、生殖系统和生态环境的调节，强调了它们的系统特异性行为。在这篇观点文章中，我认为概括te在植物本地适应中的重要性充满了复杂性和过于简单化的风险。随着测序技术的进步，将理论种群遗传学与更大范围物种的大规模比较分析和模拟相结合，对于更全面地表征TEs动态至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging cells and stages: Plasmodesmata for the coordination of plant development 桥接细胞和阶段：协调植物发育的间连丝

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102843

Elmehdi Bahafid , Zoe Kathleen Barr , Rebecca Corinna Burkart , Rosanna Petrella , Rüdiger Simon

Plants are multicellular organisms in which numerous specialized cell types must communicate to function as a unified system. Plant cells are enclosed by rigid walls, and therefore, intercellular communication requires the presence of plasmodesmata (PD), cytoplasmic channels bridging neighboring cells. These structures are crucial for coordinating developmental stages across tissues. To ensure proper growth and development, the movement of signaling molecules, RNAs, proteins, and nutrients through PD must be tightly controlled, underscoring the importance of regulating their selectivity.

Despite their essential role, direct evidence for PD involvement in developmental processes is limited and the mechanisms governing PD regulation remain incompletely understood. Recent studies suggest the existence of diverse regulatory mechanisms beyond the classical callose-based model, revealing a likely complex interplay of several PD regulators across development. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the role of PD in various plant developmental programs, discuss emerging regulatory mechanisms, and highlight how much remains to be discovered.

植物是多细胞生物，其中许多专门的细胞类型必须作为一个统一的系统进行交流才能发挥作用。植物细胞被坚硬的细胞壁包围，因此，细胞间的通讯需要胞间连丝（plasmodesmata， PD）的存在，这是连接相邻细胞的细胞质通道。这些结构对于协调各组织的发育阶段至关重要。为了确保正常的生长发育，必须严格控制信号分子、rna、蛋白质和营养物质通过PD的运动，强调调节其选择性的重要性。尽管它们具有重要作用，但PD参与发育过程的直接证据有限，PD调节的机制仍然不完全清楚。最近的研究表明，除了经典的以胼胝体为基础的模型之外，还存在多种调节机制，揭示了几种PD调节机制在发育过程中可能存在复杂的相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了PD在各种植物发育过程中的作用的最新发现，讨论了新兴的调控机制，并强调了还有多少有待发现。

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引用次数: 0

Non-coding regulation in seasonal flowering control – Insights from FLC 季节性开花控制中的非编码调控——来自FLC的见解

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102831

Mélanie Ormancey, Julia I. Qüesta

As sessile organisms, plants must adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, with temperature serving as a key driver of developmental transitions. The ability to accurately perceive and respond to seasonal temperature fluctuations is critical for plant survival and reproductive success. In many species, prolonged exposure to the low temperatures of autumn and winter triggers vernalization, enabling flowering to occur under favourable spring conditions. This process has been extensively characterized in Arabidopsis thaliana, particularly through studies of the floral repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). In this mini review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the genetic basis of vernalization, focusing on how non-coding polymorphisms influence FLC transcript accumulation and expression of long non-coding RNAs, thereby altering vernalization requirement and efficiency. Variation in the quantitative expression of FLC and its homologs has shaped the evolution of diverse life-history strategies of Arabidopsis relatives within the Brassicaceae family. Dissecting how naturally occurring non-coding variants reconfigure the cis-regulatory landscape of FLC-like genes will be key to understanding the molecular basis of phenological diversity. Such insights not only illuminate the evolutionary dynamics of flowering time control but also holds promise to provide targets for crop improvement under changing climatic conditions.

作为无根生物，植物必须适应波动的环境条件，温度是发育转变的关键驱动因素。准确感知和应对季节温度波动的能力对植物的生存和繁殖成功至关重要。在许多物种中，长时间暴露在秋冬的低温下会触发春化，使开花在有利的春季条件下发生。这一过程已经在拟南芥中得到了广泛的表征，特别是通过对花抑制因子开花位点C （FLC）的研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了春化遗传基础的最新进展，重点介绍了非编码多态性如何影响FLC转录物的积累和长链非编码rna的表达，从而改变春化的需求和效率。FLC及其同源基因的定量表达变化影响了芸苔科拟南芥近缘植物不同生活史策略的进化。剖析自然发生的非编码变异如何重新配置flc样基因的顺式调控景观将是理解物候多样性的分子基础的关键。这些见解不仅阐明了开花时间控制的进化动力学，而且有望在不断变化的气候条件下为作物改良提供目标。

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引用次数: 0

Metabolic mediators at the Nexus: How SAM, Acetyl-CoA, and NAD+ bridge phytohormone signaling and epigenetic regulation 代谢介质在Nexus: SAM，乙酰辅酶a和NAD+如何桥接植物激素信号和表观遗传调节

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102832

Yue Yu, Kai Jiang

Plant hormones and epigenetic mechanisms coordinately regulate plant development and environmental adaptation through shared metabolic nodes. Metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), acetyl-CoA, and NAD⁺ serve dual functions in both hormone biosynthesis and epigenetic modifications. These metabolic nodes integrate energy status and hormonal signaling via three principal mechanisms: spatial relocalization of energy metabolism enzymes through subcellular compartmentalization, regulation of epigenetic modifying enzyme activities, and modulation of phytohormone biosynthesis. This review synthesizes recent advances elucidating the reciprocal regulatory interplay mediated by phytohormones, metabolic intermediates, and epigenetic modifications. We further propose that these metabolic intermediates may function as putative secondary messenger-like molecules, potentially bridging epigenetic regulatory networks with hormonal signaling cascades.

植物激素和表观遗传机制通过共享代谢节点协调调节植物的发育和环境适应。代谢中间体如s -腺苷蛋氨酸（SAM）、乙酰辅酶a和NAD+在激素生物合成和表观遗传修饰中具有双重功能。这些代谢节点通过三种主要机制整合能量状态和激素信号：通过亚细胞分区化的能量代谢酶的空间再定位，表观遗传修饰酶活性的调节，以及植物激素生物合成的调节。本文综述了植物激素、代谢中间体和表观遗传修饰介导的相互调节相互作用的最新研究进展。我们进一步提出，这些代谢中间体可能作为假定的次级信使样分子，潜在地将表观遗传调控网络与激素信号级联连接起来。

引用次数: 0

Individual variability in plants: From intra- to inter-individual variability and its response to the environment 植物的个体变异：从个体内到个体间的变异及其对环境的反应

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102833

Clémentine Coroenne , Charlotte Lecuyer , Antoine Martin, Sandra Cortijo

Individual variability refers to the differences observed among genetically identical plants or cells grown in the same environment. Phenotypic and transcriptional variability have been extensively described in unicellular organisms and mammalian cells. However, increasing evidence now points to both intra- and inter-individual variability in plants. Cell-to-cell variability in gene expression within a single plant (intra-individual variability) is now recognised as a key factor contributing to the robustness of plant development as well as environmental responses. At a broader scale, multiple studies strongly suggest that inter-individual variability, often involving gene expression differences between individual seedlings, can be associated with an adaptive value at the population level under challenging environmental conditions. This review first aims to describe what is currently known about intra- and inter-individual variability in plants, with a main focus on gene expression variation and highlighting the importance of chromatin modifications. We then illustrate how the extent of individual variability can differ depending on environmental conditions, and discuss how the plasticity of such variability may enhance the ability of plants to respond to challenging situations. These observations finally underline the relevance of investigating individual variability in the context of agriculture.

个体变异是指在相同环境中生长的基因相同的植物或细胞之间所观察到的差异。在单细胞生物和哺乳动物细胞中，表型和转录变异已被广泛描述。然而，现在越来越多的证据指出植物的个体内和个体间变异。单个植物内基因表达的细胞间变异性（个体内变异性）现在被认为是促进植物发育稳健性和环境反应的关键因素。在更广泛的范围内，多项研究强烈表明，个体间变异（通常涉及个体幼苗之间的基因表达差异）可能与具有挑战性的环境条件下种群水平上的适应值有关。这篇综述首先旨在描述目前已知的植物个体内和个体间变异，主要集中在基因表达变异和强调染色质修饰的重要性。然后，我们说明了个体可变性的程度如何根据环境条件而不同，并讨论了这种可变性的可塑性如何增强植物应对挑战性情况的能力。这些观察结果最终强调了在农业背景下调查个体差异的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

The functions of long noncoding RNAs in plants 长链非编码rna在植物中的功能。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102830

Jeky Chanwala, Isabell Rosenkranz, Peter Kindgren

Noncoding RNAs are emerging as major regulators in plant development and environmental response. MicroRNAs, small RNAs, and ribosomal RNAs have established mechanisms for generation, maturation, and function. However, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) currently lack a robust classification according to their function. lncRNAs are here defined as noncoding RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and generally transcribed by RNA polymerase II. They often exhibit low expression and limited sequence conservation yet display tissue or stress-specific regulation. Furthermore, lncRNAs are categorized based on their location relative to nearby genes, including sense (overlapping a gene on the same strand), antisense (overlapping on the opposite strand), intronic (located within intron), intergenic (found between genes), and bidirectional (transcribed in the opposite direction from a nearby gene). Here, we summarized the last years of work in the field of lncRNA, but instead of grouping them into the biological processes they are involved in, we attempt to group them into general functions in plants. This will not be an exhaustive grouping of known functions for lncRNA, rather a list of established functions with several characterized cases.

非编码rna正在成为植物发育和环境反应的主要调控因子。MicroRNAs、小rna和核糖体rna已经建立了产生、成熟和功能的机制。然而，长链非编码rna （lncrna）目前缺乏一个根据其功能的可靠分类。lncrna在这里被定义为长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，通常由RNA聚合酶II转录。它们通常表现出低表达和有限的序列保守，但显示组织或应力特异性调节。此外，lncrna根据其相对于附近基因的位置进行分类，包括正义（在同一条链上重叠一个基因）、反义（在相反的一条链上重叠）、内含子（位于内含子内）、基因间（发现于基因之间）和双向（与附近基因相反方向转录）。在这里，我们总结了近年来lncRNA领域的工作，但我们没有将它们归类到它们所参与的生物过程中，而是试图将它们归类到植物中的一般功能中。这将不是lncRNA已知功能的详尽分组，而是具有几个特征案例的已建立功能列表。

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引用次数: 0

Histone variants: Distinct building blocks of the chromatin acting at the core 组蛋白变体：核心染色质的不同组成部分

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102829

Vivek Hari-Sundar Gandhivel , P.V. Shivaprasad

Histone variants alter the core properties of the nucleosomes they decorate and hence constitute a significant epigenetic layer to control cellular processes. Historically, histone variants have been studied using classical genetics to implicate the functions associated with them. However, over the last few years, advanced (epi)genomics and structural investigations have revealed the fine molecular steps involved in histone variant-specific genome regulation. This review outlines the key mechanistic findings that uncovered both structural and functional aspects of plant histone variants in unprecedented resolution. We also highlight the key avenues that might hold potential for future studies, including chromatin engineering using histone variants.

组蛋白变异改变了它们修饰的核小体的核心特性，因此构成了一个重要的表观遗传层来控制细胞过程。从历史上看，组蛋白变异已经使用经典遗传学来研究与它们相关的功能。然而，在过去的几年里，先进的基因组学和结构研究揭示了组蛋白变异特异性基因组调控的精细分子步骤。这篇综述概述了以前所未有的分辨率揭示植物组蛋白变异的结构和功能方面的关键机制发现。我们还强调了可能具有未来研究潜力的关键途径，包括使用组蛋白变体的染色质工程。

引用次数: 0

Architects of plant immunity: Structure-informed strategies for engineering plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors 植物免疫的建筑师：工程植物核苷酸结合的富含亮氨酸重复序列受体的结构通知策略。

IF 7.5 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current opinion in plant biology

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2025.102828

Daniel S. Yu, Mark J. Banfield

Diseases caused by plant pathogens are a major factor decreasing crop yields that lead to food insecurity. To protect against pathogen threats, plants possess a multifaceted immune system that perceive threats derived from plant pathogens, resulting in the activation of immune responses. Evolutionary pressures allow plant pathogens to evolve rapidly and evade recognition by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors. In recent years, advancements in our understanding of the molecular and structural basis of effector recognition by NLRs have enabled targeted strategies for engineered receptors that contain novel or expanded recognition profiles. In conjunction with advancements in structural modeling and synthetic biology tools, this has transformed our ability to manipulate plant receptors with precision. Here, we highlight structure-based approaches toward engineering plant NLRs, including integrated domain (ID) engineering and leucine-rich repeat resurfacing, discuss challenges associated with NLR engineering, and highlight future engineering approaches to enhance the plant immune system against pathogen threats.

由植物病原体引起的疾病是导致粮食不安全的作物产量下降的一个主要因素。为了保护植物免受病原体的威胁，植物拥有一个多方面的免疫系统，可以感知来自植物病原体的威胁，从而激活免疫反应。进化压力允许植物病原体快速进化并逃避核苷酸结合富亮氨酸重复（NLR）受体的识别。近年来，我们对nlr效应识别的分子和结构基础的理解取得了进展，这使得针对含有新的或扩展的识别谱的工程受体的靶向策略成为可能。结合结构建模和合成生物学工具的进步，这已经改变了我们精确操纵植物受体的能力。在这里，我们重点介绍了基于结构的植物NLR工程方法，包括集成结构域（ID）工程和富含亮氨酸的重复重表面，讨论了NLR工程相关的挑战，并强调了未来的工程方法，以增强植物免疫系统抵御病原体的威胁。

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