Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230228103854
P. Upadhyay, Pooja Malik, S. Upadhyay
The tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a member of the Myrtaceae family, is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant. Tea Tree essential oil (TTO) has many medical applications, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Although the concentration of TTO in a microemulsion is of economic interest, very few studies on this product have been conducted. In this study, we look at how different tea tree oil concentrations in microemulsion formulations affect susceptibility to various bacteria and fungi. TTO susceptibility in a diverse range of microbial species has now been studied using data from a previously published literature review survey. Most bacteria are resistant to TTO at concentrations as low as 1.0 percent, but mucosal skin staphylococci and micrococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have minimum inhibitory concentrations much higher than 2 percent. TTO susceptibility in fungi has only recently been scrutinized. Fungicidal dosages range from 0.12 to 2 percent, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 percent and the only notable exception is Aspergillus niger, which contains fungicidal concentrations of up to 8%. The review emphasizes the importance of new antibacterial and antifungal formulations, as well as the role of natural essential oils in the discovery of new antibacterial and antifungal agents, and discusses, in brief, all constituents derived from the essential oil (tea tree) that are in preclinical and clinical development. This paper summarizes human and food-borne bacteria and fungi susceptibility to tea tree essential oils and their constituents. Among the many tested, essential oils of spices and herbs (Melaleuca alternifolia) were found to have the strongest antimicrobial properties. This review looks at a wide range of scientific literature, including Sci-hub, Google Scholar, Pub, Chem, NCBI, and web books.
{"title":"Tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) essential oil concentration in micro-emulsion with antibacterial and antifungal activity: An Overview","authors":"P. Upadhyay, Pooja Malik, S. Upadhyay","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230228103854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230228103854","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), a member of the Myrtaceae family, is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant. Tea Tree essential oil (TTO) has many medical applications, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Although the concentration of TTO in a microemulsion is of economic interest, very few studies on this product have been conducted. In this study, we look at how different tea tree oil concentrations in microemulsion formulations affect susceptibility to various bacteria and fungi. TTO susceptibility in a diverse range of microbial species has now been studied using data from a previously published literature review survey. Most bacteria are resistant to TTO at concentrations as low as 1.0 percent, but mucosal skin staphylococci and micrococci, Enterococcus faecalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have minimum inhibitory concentrations much higher than 2 percent. TTO susceptibility in fungi has only recently been scrutinized. Fungicidal dosages range from 0.12 to 2 percent, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 0.5 percent and the only notable exception is Aspergillus niger, which contains fungicidal concentrations of up to 8%. The review emphasizes the importance of new antibacterial and antifungal formulations, as well as the role of natural essential oils in the discovery of new antibacterial and antifungal agents, and discusses, in brief, all constituents derived from the essential oil (tea tree) that are in preclinical and clinical development. This paper summarizes human and food-borne bacteria and fungi susceptibility to tea tree essential oils and their constituents. Among the many tested, essential oils of spices and herbs (Melaleuca alternifolia) were found to have the strongest antimicrobial properties. This review looks at a wide range of scientific literature, including Sci-hub, Google Scholar, Pub, Chem, NCBI, and web books.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47001331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-23DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230223120624
M. Madani, P. Shakib, Zohreh Norouzi, L. Amjad
Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With the increasing drug resistance and risks of the drugs, we investigated the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients. Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With increasing drug resistance and risks of these drugs, we decided to investigate the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against candidate species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients. Candida species isolated from 50 patients were identified by routine mycological methods, including morphology of corn mil agar, chromium agar, germination, and biochemical methods. The anti-candida properties of the extracts and essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia were investigated using agar diffusion and microdilution test. The essential oil was then analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With increasing drug resistance and risks of these drugs, we decided to investigate the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against candidate species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients. The major constituents of Pinus longifolia essential oil included 23.16% alpha-pinene, 2.59% beta-caryophyllene, 23.61% delta-3-carene, 0.24% carcin-4-hydroxy, 13.56% m-cymene, 0.45% alpha-humulene, and 2.12% junipene. The major constituents of Pinus eldarica essential oil included 29.13% alpha-pinene, 14.22% beta-caryophyllene, 11.70% delta-3-carene, -14.22% carcin-4-hydroxy, 4.29% beta-pinene, 3.59%, alpha humulene, and 8.86% junipene. The results of antifungal tests showed that aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts had a weak anti-candida effect. By changing the solvent and using petroleum ether solvent, it was found that petroleum ether extract and cone essential oil of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica exhibited a relatively strong anti-candida effect. Candida species isolated from 50 patients were identified by routine mycological methods including morphology on corn mil agar, chromium agar, germination and biochemical methods. After extraction and essential oil extraction, the anti-candida properties of the extracts and essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia were investigated using agar diffusion and microdilution test. The essential oil was then analyzed by GC / MS. Comparison of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of four extracts of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica against different Candida showed that the lowest MIC and MFC were related to essential oil, petroleum ether extract, methanolic extract, ethanolic extract, and aqueous extract, respectively. Keywords: Pinus longifolia, Pinus eldarica, essential oil, Candida species, anti-fungal
{"title":"Antifungal Properties of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia Fruit Extracts against Candida Species Isolated from Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients","authors":"M. Madani, P. Shakib, Zohreh Norouzi, L. Amjad","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230223120624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230223120624","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With the increasing drug resistance and risks of the drugs, we investigated the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against Candida species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With increasing drug resistance and risks of these drugs, we decided to investigate the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against candidate species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candida species isolated from 50 patients were identified by routine mycological methods, including morphology of corn mil agar, chromium agar, germination, and biochemical methods. The anti-candida properties of the extracts and essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia were investigated using agar diffusion and microdilution test. The essential oil was then analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candidiasis is a disease with serious problems in women. With increasing drug resistance and risks of these drugs, we decided to investigate the effect of different cone extracts of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia against candidate species isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The major constituents of Pinus longifolia essential oil included 23.16% alpha-pinene, 2.59% beta-caryophyllene, 23.61% delta-3-carene, 0.24% carcin-4-hydroxy, 13.56% m-cymene, 0.45% alpha-humulene, and 2.12% junipene. The major constituents of Pinus eldarica essential oil included 29.13% alpha-pinene, 14.22% beta-caryophyllene, 11.70% delta-3-carene, -14.22% carcin-4-hydroxy, 4.29% beta-pinene, 3.59%, alpha humulene, and 8.86% junipene. The results of antifungal tests showed that aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic extracts had a weak anti-candida effect. By changing the solvent and using petroleum ether solvent, it was found that petroleum ether extract and cone essential oil of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica exhibited a relatively strong anti-candida effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Candida species isolated from 50 patients were identified by routine mycological methods including morphology on corn mil agar, chromium agar, germination and biochemical methods. After extraction and essential oil extraction, the anti-candida properties of the extracts and essential oils of Pinus eldarica and Pinus longifolia were investigated using agar diffusion and microdilution test. The essential oil was then analyzed by GC / MS.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Comparison of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of four extracts of Pinus longifolia and Pinus eldarica against different Candida showed that the lowest MIC and MFC were related to essential oil, petroleum ether extract, methanolic extract, ethanolic extract, and aqueous extract, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Keywords: Pinus longifolia, Pinus eldarica, essential oil, Candida species, anti-fungal\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49146750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230222113033
A. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, Suresh Kumar, Manish Kumar, Renu Saharan, N. Verma, B. Sahoo, Deepak Kaushik, Rajeev Kumar Sharma
Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigated in this context. Docking research was carried out using the protein complexes 1FKB and 1YET, downloaded from the PDB database and used in the docking investigations. Cyclopeptides have been reported to bind molecularly to human HSP90 (Heat shock protein) and FK506. It was possible to locate HSP90 in Protein Data Banks 1YET and 1FKB. HSP90 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank 1YET and 1FKB. Based on these findings, it is possible that the anticancer effects of Int A, Cordy, and Oligo substances could be due to their ability to inhibit the mTOR rapamycin binding domain and the HSP90 Geldanamycin binding domain via the mTOR and mTOR chaperone pathways. During the calculation, there were three stages: system development, energy reduction, and molecular dynamics (also known as molecular dynamics). Each of the three compounds demonstrated a binding affinity for mTOR's Rapamycin binding site that ranged from -6.80 to -9.20 Kcal/mol (FKB12). An inhibition constant Ki of 181.05 nM characterized Cordy A with the highest binding affinity (-9.20 Kcal/mol). Among the three tested compounds, Cordy A was selected for MD simulation. HCT116 and B16F10 cell lines were used to test each compound's anticancer efficacy. Doxorubicin was used as a standard drug. The cytotoxic activity of substances Int A, Cordy A, and Oligo on HCT116 cell lines was found to be 77.65 μM, 145.36 μM, and 175.54 μM when compared to Doxorubicin 48.63 μM, similarly utilizing B16F10 cell lines was found to be 68.63 μM, 127.63 μM, and 139.11 μM to Doxorubicin 45.25 μM. Compound Cordy A was more effective than any other cyclic peptides tested in this investigation.
{"title":"Molecular Docking and simulation analysis of Cyclopeptides as Anticancer Agents","authors":"A. Tiwari, V. Tiwari, Suresh Kumar, Manish Kumar, Renu Saharan, N. Verma, B. Sahoo, Deepak Kaushik, Rajeev Kumar Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230222113033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230222113033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer is a leading cause of death for people worldwide, in addition to the rise in mortality rates attributed to the Covid epidemic. This allows scientists to do additional research. Here, we have selected Integerrimide A, cordy heptapeptide, and Oligotetrapeptide as the three cyclic proteins that will be further studied and investigated in this context.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Docking research was carried out using the protein complexes 1FKB and 1YET, downloaded from the PDB database and used in the docking investigations. Cyclopeptides have been reported to bind molecularly to human HSP90 (Heat shock protein) and FK506. It was possible to locate HSP90 in Protein Data Banks 1YET and 1FKB. HSP90 was retrieved from Protein Data Bank 1YET and 1FKB. Based on these findings, it is possible that the anticancer effects of Int A, Cordy, and Oligo substances could be due to their ability to inhibit the mTOR rapamycin binding domain and the HSP90 Geldanamycin binding domain via the mTOR and mTOR chaperone pathways. During the calculation, there were three stages: system development, energy reduction, and molecular dynamics (also known as molecular dynamics). Each of the three compounds demonstrated a binding affinity for mTOR's Rapamycin binding site that ranged from -6.80 to -9.20 Kcal/mol (FKB12).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An inhibition constant Ki of 181.05 nM characterized Cordy A with the highest binding affinity (-9.20 Kcal/mol). Among the three tested compounds, Cordy A was selected for MD simulation. HCT116 and B16F10 cell lines were used to test each compound's anticancer efficacy. Doxorubicin was used as a standard drug. The cytotoxic activity of substances Int A, Cordy A, and Oligo on HCT116 cell lines was found to be 77.65 μM, 145.36 μM, and 175.54 μM when compared to Doxorubicin 48.63 μM, similarly utilizing B16F10 cell lines was found to be 68.63 μM, 127.63 μM, and 139.11 μM to Doxorubicin 45.25 μM.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Compound Cordy A was more effective than any other cyclic peptides tested in this investigation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48852866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-17DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230217141950
S. Heidari-Soureshjani, Razieh Mohammadi-Dashtaki, C. Sherwin
Untreated cardiovascular disease (CVD) can commonly cause disability and morbidity and increase the mortality risk. This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the pain-relieving effects of aromatherapy with medicinal plants on patients with cardiovascular diseases. This meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Several keywords were explored using an extensive search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), EMBASE, and Scopus, on May 15, 2022. In addition, an excel form was designed for recording the data of the RCT studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the overall effect size. The Cochran Q test and the statistic I2 were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies. Lastly, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess potential publication bias. We included studies examining the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on pain in patients with CVD after 5 minutes (five papers) and 15-30 minutes (six papers) of intervention. The results showed a significant decrease in pain in the intervention group compared to the control group after 5 minutes (SMD = -2.25, 95% CI = -3.21 to -1.29, P < 0.001) and after 15-30 minutes (SMD = -3.22, 95% CI = -4.41 to -2.03, P < 0.001) of intervention in CVD patients. No publication bias was observed related to the association between inhalation aromatherapy and pain relief. In CVD patients, inhalation aromatherapy could significantly reduce pain severity and can be used as a complementary medicine for pain reduction.
未经治疗的心血管疾病（CVD）通常会导致残疾和发病率，并增加死亡风险。这项系统综述和荟萃分析研究旨在研究药用植物芳香疗法对心血管疾病患者的止痛效果。该荟萃分析遵循PRISMA指南。2022年5月15日，通过广泛搜索数据库，包括PubMed、Web of Science（ISI）、EMBASE和Scopus，对几个关键词进行了探索。此外，还设计了一个excel表格，用于记录随机对照试验研究的数据。标准化平均差（SMD）及其95%置信区间（CI）用于估计总体效应大小。Cochran Q检验和统计I2用于评估研究的异质性。最后，使用Egger和Begg检验来评估潜在的发表偏倚。我们纳入了研究吸入芳香疗法对CVD患者在干预5分钟（5篇论文）和15-30分钟（6篇论文）后疼痛的影响。结果显示，与对照组相比，干预组在CVD患者干预5分钟后（SMD=-2.25，95%CI=-3.21--1.29，P<0.001）和15-30分钟后（SMD=-3.22，95%CI=-4.41--2.03，P<0.001。没有观察到与吸入芳香疗法和疼痛缓解之间的相关性相关的发表偏倚。在CVD患者中，吸入芳香疗法可以显著降低疼痛的严重程度，并可作为减轻疼痛的补充药物。
{"title":"The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy on Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Seeking Pain Relief: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"S. Heidari-Soureshjani, Razieh Mohammadi-Dashtaki, C. Sherwin","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230217141950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230217141950","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Untreated cardiovascular disease (CVD) can commonly cause disability and morbidity and increase the mortality risk.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This systematic review and meta-analysis study aimed to investigate the pain-relieving effects of aromatherapy with medicinal plants on patients with cardiovascular diseases.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines. Several keywords were explored using an extensive search of databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), EMBASE, and Scopus, on May 15, 2022. In addition, an excel form was designed for recording the data of the RCT studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate the overall effect size. The Cochran Q test and the statistic I2 were used to evaluate the heterogeneity of studies. Lastly, Egger's and Begg's tests were used to assess potential publication bias.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We included studies examining the effect of inhalation aromatherapy on pain in patients with CVD after 5 minutes (five papers) and 15-30 minutes (six papers) of intervention. The results showed a significant decrease in pain in the intervention group compared to the control group after 5 minutes (SMD = -2.25, 95% CI = -3.21 to -1.29, P < 0.001) and after 15-30 minutes (SMD = -3.22, 95% CI = -4.41 to -2.03, P < 0.001) of intervention in CVD patients. No publication bias was observed related to the association between inhalation aromatherapy and pain relief.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In CVD patients, inhalation aromatherapy could significantly reduce pain severity and can be used as a complementary medicine for pain reduction.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46476400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230214104252
S. Agrawal, Saraswathy Nagendran, Avdhoot Pimpale
Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and hospitality due to the size reduction of material in the range of 1-100nm, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of the material. This review includes the progress in the field of nanotechnology, its advantages, understanding and applications in antimicrobial therapy. The manuscripts were collected in the field of antimicrobial research with the help of nanotechnology platforms from different sources like PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google. A total of 236 manuscripts were collected and analyzed, out of which 93 were relevant and considered for the present manuscript. There are diverse forms of metallic nanomaterials that show antimicrobial properties, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, titanium and many such metal oxides. Various carriers are used to deliver the drug at targeted sites via encapsulating the nanomaterial in polymers, liposomes or in the lipoidal structure. The inhibition of microorganism growth may be attributed to different mechanisms like destroying the synthesis of a cell wall, nucleic acid, injury to the bacteria cell wall and inhibiting the metabolic pathways in bacteria. This enhanced the antimicrobial activity and reduced the toxicity that could be significant due to a reduction in the dose proportionality. The recent advances in drug delivery with the help of liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and various nanoparticles led to effective prevention, treatment and diagnosis of various microbial infections and this could dramatically change the way antimicrobial therapy explored for reducing drug resistance.
{"title":"Advances and Prospects in Antimicrobial Research Using Nanomedicines","authors":"S. Agrawal, Saraswathy Nagendran, Avdhoot Pimpale","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230214104252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230214104252","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanotechnology is moving toward future goals in the field of medicines, cosmetics and hospitality due to the size reduction of material in the range of 1-100nm, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of the material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This review includes the progress in the field of nanotechnology, its advantages, understanding and applications in antimicrobial therapy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The manuscripts were collected in the field of antimicrobial research with the help of nanotechnology platforms from different sources like PubMed, ScienceDirect and Google. A total of 236 manuscripts were collected and analyzed, out of which 93 were relevant and considered for the present manuscript.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There are diverse forms of metallic nanomaterials that show antimicrobial properties, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, titanium and many such metal oxides. Various carriers are used to deliver the drug at targeted sites via encapsulating the nanomaterial in polymers, liposomes or in the lipoidal structure. The inhibition of microorganism growth may be attributed to different mechanisms like destroying the synthesis of a cell wall, nucleic acid, injury to the bacteria cell wall and inhibiting the metabolic pathways in bacteria. This enhanced the antimicrobial activity and reduced the toxicity that could be significant due to a reduction in the dose proportionality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The recent advances in drug delivery with the help of liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and various nanoparticles led to effective prevention, treatment and diagnosis of various microbial infections and this could dramatically change the way antimicrobial therapy explored for reducing drug resistance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67988352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the human race evolves, numerous diseases have dominated humans, causing scientists to encounter myriad challenges with formulations. To rectify these issues, Nanoparticle (10-9 m) formulation approach or nanotechnology has been developed. Since nanoparticles have legion benefits, encompassing better bioavailability, target-specific, confined, accurate dose delivery, and increased surface area, are pertinent for effective treatment. Toxicity, inflammation, limited penetrating ability, accumulation, and aggregation are some of the downsides of nanoparticles. Picoscale along with nanoparticle technology in drug delivery, will enhance the permeability and myriad factors. Also, picometer (10-12 m) and futuristic femtometer (10-15 m) particles will allow scientists to deal with atomic and subatomic levels in some cases and improve the properties of nanotechnology in others. Herein, picotechnology, formulation, synthesis, and some unique properties concluding with femtotechnology have been addressed.
{"title":"PICOSCIENCE: PICOTECHNOLOGY’s ADVENT IN HEALTH AND MEDICINE","authors":"Hrishikesh Bhagawati, Mrinal Kashyap Sarma, Abhijita Talukder, Sumanjit Das, Debabrata Nath","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230214100128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230214100128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000As the human race evolves, numerous diseases have dominated humans, causing scientists to encounter myriad challenges with formulations. To rectify these issues, Nanoparticle (10-9 m) formulation approach or nanotechnology has been developed. Since nanoparticles have legion benefits, encompassing better bioavailability, target-specific, confined, accurate dose delivery, and increased surface area, are pertinent for effective treatment. Toxicity, inflammation, limited penetrating ability, accumulation, and aggregation are some of the downsides of nanoparticles. Picoscale along with nanoparticle technology in drug delivery, will enhance the permeability and myriad factors. Also, picometer (10-12 m) and futuristic femtometer (10-15 m) particles will allow scientists to deal with atomic and subatomic levels in some cases and improve the properties of nanotechnology in others. Herein, picotechnology, formulation, synthesis, and some unique properties concluding with femtotechnology have been addressed.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-13DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230213151508
Dhaneshwar Suneela, S. Anuradha, M. Avijit, Saxena S.K, Kumar Swatantra
Presently, only four drugs have been approved by FDA for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A drug repurposing approach can be fruitful in searching for promising candidates for AD. The objective of the work was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of levetiracetam (LEV) in combination with berberine (BER) in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice by applying a drug repositioning approach owing to their antioxidant potential. Cognitive impairment was induced in mice by scopolamine. Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze were used to evaluate behavioral parameters. Assays for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, nitrite, TNF-α, and brain histopathology were performed. The transfer latency time and percentage of spontaneous alternation were significantly reduced and significant alterations in AChE and MDA levels, GSH concentration, and improvement in nitrite and catalase levels were also evidenced after the treatment of mice with a combination of LEV and BER in comparison to independent drugs, standard and disease control groups. The antioxidant defense was also improved and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced by a combination of LEV and BER. Improvement in neuronal damage by restoration of the cytoarchitecture of the brain was also seen in the histopathological study of the brain of treatment groups. The present study has demonstrated that the combination of LEV and BER has significantly improved cognition in mice by lipid peroxidation inhibition, augmentation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, the decline in TNF- α levels, and AChE activity in the brain when compared to individual drugs, standard and disease control owing to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.
{"title":"Neuroprotective effect of levetiracetam in combination with berberine on scopolamine induced-cognitive impairment in mice: A behavioral and biochemical approach","authors":"Dhaneshwar Suneela, S. Anuradha, M. Avijit, Saxena S.K, Kumar Swatantra","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230213151508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230213151508","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Presently, only four drugs have been approved by FDA for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A drug repurposing approach can be fruitful in searching for promising candidates for AD.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of the work was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of levetiracetam (LEV) in combination with berberine (BER) in scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice by applying a drug repositioning approach owing to their antioxidant potential.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Cognitive impairment was induced in mice by scopolamine. Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and Y-maze were used to evaluate behavioral parameters. Assays for acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, nitrite, TNF-α, and brain histopathology were performed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The transfer latency time and percentage of spontaneous alternation were significantly reduced and significant alterations in AChE and MDA levels, GSH concentration, and improvement in nitrite and catalase levels were also evidenced after the treatment of mice with a combination of LEV and BER in comparison to independent drugs, standard and disease control groups. The antioxidant defense was also improved and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced by a combination of LEV and BER. Improvement in neuronal damage by restoration of the cytoarchitecture of the brain was also seen in the histopathological study of the brain of treatment groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study has demonstrated that the combination of LEV and BER has significantly improved cognition in mice by lipid peroxidation inhibition, augmentation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, the decline in TNF- α levels, and AChE activity in the brain when compared to individual drugs, standard and disease control owing to their strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44424181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230209150126
S. Srivastava, D. Sharma
Skin cancer is a life-threatening disease according to the World Health Organization, majorly affecting the white population. The major concerning factors that are responsible for skin cancer are genetic factors, environmental exposure including UV rays and pollutants. The UV radiations excessively generate Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive nitrogen species (RNS)due to which the oxidative stress mediates and alters numerous signaling pathways. Quercetin is a flavonoid that plays a vital role in protecting the cell from oxidative stressin addition to possessing anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present article focuses on the delivery of natural flavonoid quercetin via novel carrier noisome to enhance targeting and safety efficacy. The risk of developing skin cancer arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, the most common cause being prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Quercetin is a flavanoid that plays a vital role in protecting cell from oxidative stress that are activated by reactive oxygen species. It has been hence proved that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) forms on of the basic cause of cancer. The drug carrier noisome enhances the bioavailability of the natural products and have an advantage of solubilizing the lipophilic compound and prevent them from deuteriation into “antagonist” condition in human blood. Thus, current research work focuses over designing and characterization of niosomes system for the treatment of skin cancer and target oxidative stress. Though many novel drug deliveries have been designed as carrier system in skin cancer, among all niosomes have been found as potential colloidal carrier. Quercetin loaded niosomes were developed and was optimized, characterized for morphological studies, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential and In vitro drug release. The quercetin loaded niosomal vesicles under the transmission electron microscope were found in range of 120 nm with suitable zeta potential and entrapment efficiency above 80% with control release profile. Formulation was successfully prepared which can be further carried out for in vivo studies.
{"title":"An approach to treat conundrumof skin cancer: Bioactive loaded Niosomes","authors":"S. Srivastava, D. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230209150126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230209150126","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Skin cancer is a life-threatening disease according to the World Health Organization, majorly affecting the white population. The major concerning factors that are responsible for skin cancer are genetic factors, environmental exposure including UV rays and pollutants. The UV radiations excessively generate Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Reactive nitrogen species (RNS)due to which the oxidative stress mediates and alters numerous signaling pathways. Quercetin is a flavonoid that plays a vital role in protecting the cell from oxidative stressin addition to possessing anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. The present article focuses on the delivery of natural flavonoid quercetin via novel carrier noisome to enhance targeting and safety efficacy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The risk of developing skin cancer arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors, the most common cause being prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. Quercetin is a flavanoid that plays a vital role in protecting cell from oxidative stress that are activated by reactive oxygen species. It has been hence proved that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) forms on of the basic cause of cancer. The drug carrier noisome enhances the bioavailability of the natural products and have an advantage of solubilizing the lipophilic compound and prevent them from deuteriation into “antagonist” condition in human blood.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, current research work focuses over designing and characterization of niosomes system for the treatment of skin cancer and target oxidative stress. Though many novel drug deliveries have been designed as carrier system in skin cancer, among all niosomes have been found as potential colloidal carrier.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Quercetin loaded niosomes were developed and was optimized, characterized for morphological studies, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential and In vitro drug release.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The quercetin loaded niosomal vesicles under the transmission electron microscope were found in range of 120 nm with suitable zeta potential and entrapment efficiency above 80% with control release profile.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Formulation was successfully prepared which can be further carried out for in vivo studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44941674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-07DOI: 10.2174/1574885518666230207143523
M. Rao, Isha Sangram Ghadge, Saurav Prasanna Kulkarni, Tanya Asthana
The last two years from 2020 to 2022 have seen the world face an unparalleled crisis in the form of the corona virus, which has challenged mankind as never before. The struggle and race to find a cure for the disease kept medical professionals, pharmacists, and scientists on their toes. Drug discovery by de novo approach was not an option due to its obvious downside of the enormous time required for the process. Hitherto unknown in public parlance, repurposing existing drugs showed the way forward for scientists. Drug repurposing involves redefining medical use for drugs that have crossed the drug discovery process and were approved, discontinued, or shelved. Drug repurposing or repositioning has shown effective results in treating several diseases. This review traces the journey of some repurposed drugs and provides an overview of computational methods used for repurposing, which include signature mapping, molecular docking, and in silico approaches. The review also highlights repurposed drugs for cancer, one of the most dreaded diseases, and how repurposing can prove to be a boon for many types of cancers. Concerted efforts to study this modality of drug discovery are the need of the hour. The article discusses various drugs which have been successfully repurposed for the treatment of a plethora of diseases. Drug repurposing is a silver lining that can reduce the arduous journey of discovering a definitive cure for a disease and has the potential to change the landscape of the drug discovery process.
{"title":"Computational Techniques for Drug Repurposing: A Paradigm Shift in Drug Discovery","authors":"M. Rao, Isha Sangram Ghadge, Saurav Prasanna Kulkarni, Tanya Asthana","doi":"10.2174/1574885518666230207143523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1574885518666230207143523","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The last two years from 2020 to 2022 have seen the world face an unparalleled crisis in the form of the corona virus, which has challenged mankind as never before. The struggle and race to find a cure for the disease kept medical professionals, pharmacists, and scientists on their toes. Drug discovery by de novo approach was not an option due to its obvious downside of the enormous time required for the process. Hitherto unknown in public parlance, repurposing existing drugs showed the way forward for scientists. Drug repurposing involves redefining medical use for drugs that have crossed the drug discovery process and were approved, discontinued, or shelved. Drug repurposing or repositioning has shown effective results in treating several diseases. This review traces the journey of some repurposed drugs and provides an overview of computational methods used for repurposing, which include signature mapping, molecular docking, and in silico approaches. The review also highlights repurposed drugs for cancer, one of the most dreaded diseases, and how repurposing can prove to be a boon for many types of cancers. Concerted efforts to study this modality of drug discovery are the need of the hour. The article discusses various drugs which have been successfully repurposed for the treatment of a plethora of diseases. Drug repurposing is a silver lining that can reduce the arduous journey of discovering a definitive cure for a disease and has the potential to change the landscape of the drug discovery process.\u0000","PeriodicalId":11004,"journal":{"name":"Current Drug Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44015270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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