Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152010
A. Anvari‐Moghaddam, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
This paper proposes a control scheme which minimizes the operating cost of a grid connected micro-grid supplemented by battery energy storage system (BESS). What distinguishes approach presented here from conventional strategies is that not only the price of electricity is considered in the formulation of the total operating cost but an additional item that takes into account inevitable battery degradation. The speed of degradation depends on battery technology and its mission profile and this effect demands for eventual replacement of the stack. Therefore it can be mapped in additional operating cost. By modeling battery degradation as a function of depth of discharge (DoD) and discharge rate and translating incremental loss of capacity in each cycle into associated cost, objective function has been defined and solved using GAMS. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed approach.
{"title":"Optimal utilization of microgrids supplemented with battery energy storage systems in grid support applications","authors":"A. Anvari‐Moghaddam, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a control scheme which minimizes the operating cost of a grid connected micro-grid supplemented by battery energy storage system (BESS). What distinguishes approach presented here from conventional strategies is that not only the price of electricity is considered in the formulation of the total operating cost but an additional item that takes into account inevitable battery degradation. The speed of degradation depends on battery technology and its mission profile and this effect demands for eventual replacement of the stack. Therefore it can be mapped in additional operating cost. By modeling battery degradation as a function of depth of discharge (DoD) and discharge rate and translating incremental loss of capacity in each cycle into associated cost, objective function has been defined and solved using GAMS. Simulation results are presented to verify the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"16 9-12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131529266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152062
J. Gu, Tsegay Hailu, Da-peng Cao, J. Ferreira
Studies on DC microgrid (DCMG) have simply gone too wild and it is time for a standardized approach to design commercial products. The weak nature of microgrid is studied and set as fundamental difference to the studies of bulk grid. It is often seen in some publications that same assumption is taken as in HVDC studies, and is often misleading. A 300 W or inter-leaved 1 kW fly-back converter working at DCM/BCD mode is defined as the generic power electronic converter (GPEC), due to following reasons: the current control can be achieved with an open loop approach, easing the most difficult work of controller design; the output impedance is inherently high and can be set to an arbitrary value in the same open loop approach, making it instantly ready for power extension (paralleling at output) and also for different applications (like battery charger, voltage source, LED driver, PV module simulator, and but not limited to arc welder). High power density of 50 W/cm3 and high conversion efficiency of 97% are achieved with soft-switching of 200-500 kHz. A 17.5 kW power router is defined, which provides safety disconnection with built-in electronic arc elimination circuit, as well as conventional anti-lightning protection and leakage current protection. Apart from electric functions, it also provides information functions not only for monitoring but also for electric pricing-based power flow control.
{"title":"A standard approach for DCMG","authors":"J. Gu, Tsegay Hailu, Da-peng Cao, J. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152062","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on DC microgrid (DCMG) have simply gone too wild and it is time for a standardized approach to design commercial products. The weak nature of microgrid is studied and set as fundamental difference to the studies of bulk grid. It is often seen in some publications that same assumption is taken as in HVDC studies, and is often misleading. A 300 W or inter-leaved 1 kW fly-back converter working at DCM/BCD mode is defined as the generic power electronic converter (GPEC), due to following reasons: the current control can be achieved with an open loop approach, easing the most difficult work of controller design; the output impedance is inherently high and can be set to an arbitrary value in the same open loop approach, making it instantly ready for power extension (paralleling at output) and also for different applications (like battery charger, voltage source, LED driver, PV module simulator, and but not limited to arc welder). High power density of 50 W/cm3 and high conversion efficiency of 97% are achieved with soft-switching of 200-500 kHz. A 17.5 kW power router is defined, which provides safety disconnection with built-in electronic arc elimination circuit, as well as conventional anti-lightning protection and leakage current protection. Apart from electric functions, it also provides information functions not only for monitoring but also for electric pricing-based power flow control.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131890577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152063
A. Luna, N. Díaz, L. Meng, M. Graells, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
In this paper, a constrained mixed-integer programming model for scheduling the active power supplied by the generation units in storage-based DC microgrids is presented. The optimization problem minimizes operating costs taking into account a two-stage mode operation of the energy storage system so that a more accurate model for optimization of the microgrid operation can be obtained. The model is used in a particular grid-connected DC microgrid that includes two renewable energy sources and an energy storage system which supply a critical load. The results of the scheduling process are including in simulation by establishing a MATLAB/Simulink model of the microgrid and setting several initial conditions of the state of charge of the energy storage system. As a result, we obtain reductions in costs and at the same time guarantee safe levels of state of charge to increase the life-time of the energy storage system.
{"title":"Generation-side power scheduling in a grid-connected DC microgrid","authors":"A. Luna, N. Díaz, L. Meng, M. Graells, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152063","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a constrained mixed-integer programming model for scheduling the active power supplied by the generation units in storage-based DC microgrids is presented. The optimization problem minimizes operating costs taking into account a two-stage mode operation of the energy storage system so that a more accurate model for optimization of the microgrid operation can be obtained. The model is used in a particular grid-connected DC microgrid that includes two renewable energy sources and an energy storage system which supply a critical load. The results of the scheduling process are including in simulation by establishing a MATLAB/Simulink model of the microgrid and setting several initial conditions of the state of charge of the energy storage system. As a result, we obtain reductions in costs and at the same time guarantee safe levels of state of charge to increase the life-time of the energy storage system.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"280 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123089441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152056
A. Agarwal, Koyinni Deekshitha, Suresh Singh, D. Fulwani
DC microgrid consists of cascaded power converters in which the constant power load behaviour of point-of-load converters poses challenging stability issues even if individual converters are stable. In this paper, a robust sliding mode controller has been proposed for DC/DC bidirectional buck-boost converter interfacing storage unit in an islanded DC microgrid environment. The controller is designed to ensure DC bus voltage regulation in the presence of renewable energy source and predominantly constant power loads. The performance of the proposed controller is validated through real-time simulation conducted using OPAL-RT® Digital Simulator. The controller ensures DC bus voltage regulation within tight limits and is robust with respect to wide variations in the renewable energy source power and the load.
{"title":"Sliding mode control of a bidirectional DC/DC converter with constant power load","authors":"A. Agarwal, Koyinni Deekshitha, Suresh Singh, D. Fulwani","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152056","url":null,"abstract":"DC microgrid consists of cascaded power converters in which the constant power load behaviour of point-of-load converters poses challenging stability issues even if individual converters are stable. In this paper, a robust sliding mode controller has been proposed for DC/DC bidirectional buck-boost converter interfacing storage unit in an islanded DC microgrid environment. The controller is designed to ensure DC bus voltage regulation in the presence of renewable energy source and predominantly constant power loads. The performance of the proposed controller is validated through real-time simulation conducted using OPAL-RT® Digital Simulator. The controller ensures DC bus voltage regulation within tight limits and is robust with respect to wide variations in the renewable energy source power and the load.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133646339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152046
L. Mackay, A. Shekhar, B. Roodenburg, L. Ramirez-Elizondo, P. Bauer
Due to the absence of current zero crossing, dc arcs do not extinguish as easily as ac ones. It is essential to detect and eliminate series arc faults in dc microgrids in order to ensure safety, particularly while unplugging loads. Several detection and extinction methods using various means are known in literature. In this paper a novel arc detection method is proposed. It detects the load side input voltage drop due to the initial electrode specific minimum arc voltage. Only the local input voltage has to be measured and selectivity is given. The arc can be extinguished by shutting down the load's power electronics converter. The proposed method is elaborated through simulation of arc behaviour for constant resistor and constant power loads with input capacitors. First experimental results correspond with the theoretical analysis.
{"title":"Series arc extinction in DC microgrids using load side voltage drop detection","authors":"L. Mackay, A. Shekhar, B. Roodenburg, L. Ramirez-Elizondo, P. Bauer","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152046","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the absence of current zero crossing, dc arcs do not extinguish as easily as ac ones. It is essential to detect and eliminate series arc faults in dc microgrids in order to ensure safety, particularly while unplugging loads. Several detection and extinction methods using various means are known in literature. In this paper a novel arc detection method is proposed. It detects the load side input voltage drop due to the initial electrode specific minimum arc voltage. Only the local input voltage has to be measured and selectivity is given. The arc can be extinguished by shutting down the load's power electronics converter. The proposed method is elaborated through simulation of arc behaviour for constant resistor and constant power loads with input capacitors. First experimental results correspond with the theoretical analysis.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127107153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152016
Zhengyu Lin, Jin Du, Jiande Wu, Xiangning He
Communication between power converters is vital for high performance DC micro-grids controls. However, for residential DC micro-grid applications, using external communication link would increase the system cost, and reduce the system flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a novel method to enable the conventional DC/DC converters to transmit data via the common DC Bus. With this technology, cost-effective low bandwidth communication links between power converters can be established within a DC micro-grid, and advanced distributed control algorithms can be developed. A reliable communication with 2 kbps transmission rate has been implemented between the Boost converters through the common input DC bus.
{"title":"Novel communication method between power converters for DC micro-grid applications","authors":"Zhengyu Lin, Jin Du, Jiande Wu, Xiangning He","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152016","url":null,"abstract":"Communication between power converters is vital for high performance DC micro-grids controls. However, for residential DC micro-grid applications, using external communication link would increase the system cost, and reduce the system flexibility and reliability. This paper presents a novel method to enable the conventional DC/DC converters to transmit data via the common DC Bus. With this technology, cost-effective low bandwidth communication links between power converters can be established within a DC micro-grid, and advanced distributed control algorithms can be developed. A reliable communication with 2 kbps transmission rate has been implemented between the Boost converters through the common input DC bus.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129902831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152004
Prabhjot Kaur, Sudeep Jain, A. Jhunjhunwala
India is a power deficit country and one third of its homes are off grid or near off grid. This paper presents an efficient and affordable Solar DC solution for powering such homes. Though several solutions have emerged in the past for powering these homes, those have been expensive and energy inefficient. These solutions rely on several DC to AC and AC to DC conversions, to feed the widely used AC home loads, thus, wasting a large chunk of the expensive power. The proposed Solar DC solution for off-grid homes (OGH) is developed to use the generated PV power efficiently. With this solution, the panel and battery size is reduced by 2 to 2.5 times and the cost to power a house is reduced to nearly half the cost of the existing solutions. The paper also presents a techno-economic comparison between the proposed OGH solution with some existing solar systems.
{"title":"Solar-DC deployment experience in off-grid and near off-grid homes: Economics, technology and policy analysis","authors":"Prabhjot Kaur, Sudeep Jain, A. Jhunjhunwala","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152004","url":null,"abstract":"India is a power deficit country and one third of its homes are off grid or near off grid. This paper presents an efficient and affordable Solar DC solution for powering such homes. Though several solutions have emerged in the past for powering these homes, those have been expensive and energy inefficient. These solutions rely on several DC to AC and AC to DC conversions, to feed the widely used AC home loads, thus, wasting a large chunk of the expensive power. The proposed Solar DC solution for off-grid homes (OGH) is developed to use the generated PV power efficiently. With this solution, the panel and battery size is reduced by 2 to 2.5 times and the cost to power a house is reduced to nearly half the cost of the existing solutions. The paper also presents a techno-economic comparison between the proposed OGH solution with some existing solar systems.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125973080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152012
Ranganath Vallakati, Anupam Mukherjee, P. Ranganathan
This paper presents a linear programming based solution for an Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) problem (OPP) under contingency situations. With the increasing usage of synchrophasors or PMUs for smart grid monitoring and control, the problem of PMU placement has become a major concern due to high installation costs. This paper uses a Linear Programming (ILP) approach to find optimal solutions. This paper shows that performance of the LP constraints and formulation makes the approach very attractive for smaller utilities with limited budgets. This is investigated with and without zero injection cases in the CPLEX solver. This paper also proposes an index called the Optimal Redundancy Criteria (ORC) that assists utilities in providing redundant observability for critical buses in the system. The proposed approach yields optimal solutions for full and redundant observabilities within 15 milliseconds (ms) for test bed cases such as the IEEE 14, 30, 57, 118, and 300 bus systems, and a 208 bus Southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG).
{"title":"Preserving observability in synchrophasors using Optimal Redundancy Criteria (ORC)","authors":"Ranganath Vallakati, Anupam Mukherjee, P. Ranganathan","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152012","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a linear programming based solution for an Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) problem (OPP) under contingency situations. With the increasing usage of synchrophasors or PMUs for smart grid monitoring and control, the problem of PMU placement has become a major concern due to high installation costs. This paper uses a Linear Programming (ILP) approach to find optimal solutions. This paper shows that performance of the LP constraints and formulation makes the approach very attractive for smaller utilities with limited budgets. This is investigated with and without zero injection cases in the CPLEX solver. This paper also proposes an index called the Optimal Redundancy Criteria (ORC) that assists utilities in providing redundant observability for critical buses in the system. The proposed approach yields optimal solutions for full and redundant observabilities within 15 milliseconds (ms) for test bed cases such as the IEEE 14, 30, 57, 118, and 300 bus systems, and a 208 bus Southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG).","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125009556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152006
A. Jhunjhunwala, K. Vasudevan, Lakshmi Narasamma, B. Ramamurthi
This paper presents a load-management innovation to provide a limited but uninterrupted DC power supply to homes in India. In a typically power deficient situation, load shedding becomes unavoidable. The duration and areas where load is shed are typically cycled. In worst situation, power outages last for a greater part of the day. To enable every home to get at least a limited amount of power 24×7, an innovative approach that combines use of DC power and load management has been proposed and implemented in several hundred homes in various locations. In order to make best use of limited power, a DC power line and energy efficient DC appliances are introduced and installed at homes. The approach also enables addition of solar power directly to the DC power line and use of battery, without any converter; the power-limit on DC line can thus be overcome. The paper describes the rationale, implementation and user feedback of the approach. Further improvements and plan for future are indicated.
{"title":"Technological and deployment challenges and user-response to uninterrupted DC (UDC) deployment in Indian homes","authors":"A. Jhunjhunwala, K. Vasudevan, Lakshmi Narasamma, B. Ramamurthi","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a load-management innovation to provide a limited but uninterrupted DC power supply to homes in India. In a typically power deficient situation, load shedding becomes unavoidable. The duration and areas where load is shed are typically cycled. In worst situation, power outages last for a greater part of the day. To enable every home to get at least a limited amount of power 24×7, an innovative approach that combines use of DC power and load management has been proposed and implemented in several hundred homes in various locations. In order to make best use of limited power, a DC power line and energy efficient DC appliances are introduced and installed at homes. The approach also enables addition of solar power directly to the DC power line and use of battery, without any converter; the power-limit on DC line can thus be overcome. The paper describes the rationale, implementation and user feedback of the approach. Further improvements and plan for future are indicated.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115301921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152071
Elie Najm, A. Huang
This paper proposes a novel integrated plug and play (PnP) DC/DC parallel PV architecture for powering residential buildings. The scheme is based on low cost PV converters (first stage) integrated into one mechanical enclosure along with a second stage grid tied centralized inverter or converter in the case of DC powered applications. The technique limits the requirements of the first stage converters to operation in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while supporting power curtailment. All communications to the grid or to other applications are proposed to be provided by the said centralized inverter or converter. Furthermore, a novel approach to improve the racking installation time is also proposed in this paper. The outcome of the said configuration as well as the proposed racking improvement method is a lower cost and simpler to implement PnP system. System configuration and the proposed improved racking installation diagrams as well as experimental results are illustrated in this paper.
{"title":"Integrated DC/DC parallel PnP PV architecture method for powering residential buildings","authors":"Elie Najm, A. Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152071","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel integrated plug and play (PnP) DC/DC parallel PV architecture for powering residential buildings. The scheme is based on low cost PV converters (first stage) integrated into one mechanical enclosure along with a second stage grid tied centralized inverter or converter in the case of DC powered applications. The technique limits the requirements of the first stage converters to operation in the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) while supporting power curtailment. All communications to the grid or to other applications are proposed to be provided by the said centralized inverter or converter. Furthermore, a novel approach to improve the racking installation time is also proposed in this paper. The outcome of the said configuration as well as the proposed racking improvement method is a lower cost and simpler to implement PnP system. System configuration and the proposed improved racking installation diagrams as well as experimental results are illustrated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116801234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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