Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152030
R. Weiss, L. Ott, U. Boeke
The European ENIAC R&D project consortium DC Components and Grid (DCC+G) is developing suitable, highly efficient components and sub systems for 380 VDC grid to show the benefits of DC grid concept on test site in an office environment. The newly developed DC grid components and their integration into a generic system are presented in this paper. The targeted overall efficiency saving compared to AC grid is 5% and the energy conversion from PV (photo voltaic) is calculated to be 7% more cost effective compared to traditional PV installations. This paper also shows the realized DC grid prototypesupplying an office building of the Fraunhofer Institute in Erlangen, Germany, and describes general benefits of a DC grid system. The DC grid prototype consists of a DC lighting system, a DC low power supply for IT infrastructure, DC electric vehicle charger, a DC μCHP unit, DC photovoltaic MPPT units, a central rectifier and grid controller unit as well as a mixed AC/DC power monitoring unit. It is shown that less conversion losses and higher distribution efficiency can be achieved with a 380 VDC grid compared to conventional AC grids.
{"title":"Energy efficient low-voltage DC-grids for commercial buildings","authors":"R. Weiss, L. Ott, U. Boeke","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152030","url":null,"abstract":"The European ENIAC R&D project consortium DC Components and Grid (DCC+G) is developing suitable, highly efficient components and sub systems for 380 VDC grid to show the benefits of DC grid concept on test site in an office environment. The newly developed DC grid components and their integration into a generic system are presented in this paper. The targeted overall efficiency saving compared to AC grid is 5% and the energy conversion from PV (photo voltaic) is calculated to be 7% more cost effective compared to traditional PV installations. This paper also shows the realized DC grid prototypesupplying an office building of the Fraunhofer Institute in Erlangen, Germany, and describes general benefits of a DC grid system. The DC grid prototype consists of a DC lighting system, a DC low power supply for IT infrastructure, DC electric vehicle charger, a DC μCHP unit, DC photovoltaic MPPT units, a central rectifier and grid controller unit as well as a mixed AC/DC power monitoring unit. It is shown that less conversion losses and higher distribution efficiency can be achieved with a 380 VDC grid compared to conventional AC grids.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132689825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152053
Henrique Mamede, W. D. dos Santos, R. Coelho, D. Martins
This paper presents a multicell Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) converter that can increase the reliability of the power supply in a dc microgrid. The main feature of the proposed interconnection scheme is that it can supply power to a load even if one of its converters is taken out of operation or fail. This is accomplished because each cell is composed by a number of DAB converters interconnected in parallel in both of its ports, in that manner, when one of its converters is driven not to process power or is subject to a failure the others share that power keeping the load supplied. Then, in order to achieve a high voltage gain with lower voltage stresses on the switches, the cells are interconnected in parallel in one of its ports (low-voltage bus) and in series in the other (high-voltage bus) implementing a solidstate transformer (SST).
{"title":"A multicell Dual-Active Bridge converter for increasing the reliability of power supply in a DC microgrid","authors":"Henrique Mamede, W. D. dos Santos, R. Coelho, D. Martins","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multicell Dual-Active Bridge (DAB) converter that can increase the reliability of the power supply in a dc microgrid. The main feature of the proposed interconnection scheme is that it can supply power to a load even if one of its converters is taken out of operation or fail. This is accomplished because each cell is composed by a number of DAB converters interconnected in parallel in both of its ports, in that manner, when one of its converters is driven not to process power or is subject to a failure the others share that power keeping the load supplied. Then, in order to achieve a high voltage gain with lower voltage stresses on the switches, the cells are interconnected in parallel in one of its ports (low-voltage bus) and in series in the other (high-voltage bus) implementing a solidstate transformer (SST).","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131677232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152037
Christopher L. Turner, P. Ranganathan
This paper discuss a 138 kV miss operation due to a zone 1 overreach of a microprocessor relay. A communication assisted solution to the overreach without compromising the security of the line has been presented that will also increase the dependability of the line.
{"title":"A communication assisted solution for a 138kV distance relay misoperation","authors":"Christopher L. Turner, P. Ranganathan","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152037","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discuss a 138 kV miss operation due to a zone 1 overreach of a microprocessor relay. A communication assisted solution to the overreach without compromising the security of the line has been presented that will also increase the dependability of the line.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123695784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152022
Haojie Wang, Hai Sun, Minxiao Han, J. Guerrero
It is a normal practice that the DC micro-grid is connected to AC main grid through Grid-connected Voltage Source Converter (G-VSC) for voltage support. Accurate control of DC micro-grid voltage is difficult for G-VSC under unbalanced grid condition as the fundamental positive-sequence component phase information cannot be accurately tracked. Based on analysis of the cause of double-frequency ripple when unbalance exists in main grid, a phase-locked loop (PLL) detection technique is proposed. Under the conditions of unsymmetrical system voltage, varying system frequency, single-phase system and distorted system voltage the proposed PLL can accurately detect the fundamental positive-sequence component of grid voltage thus accurate control of DC micro-grid voltage can be realized.
{"title":"Phase-lock loop of Grid-connected Voltage Source Converter under non-ideal grid condition","authors":"Haojie Wang, Hai Sun, Minxiao Han, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152022","url":null,"abstract":"It is a normal practice that the DC micro-grid is connected to AC main grid through Grid-connected Voltage Source Converter (G-VSC) for voltage support. Accurate control of DC micro-grid voltage is difficult for G-VSC under unbalanced grid condition as the fundamental positive-sequence component phase information cannot be accurately tracked. Based on analysis of the cause of double-frequency ripple when unbalance exists in main grid, a phase-locked loop (PLL) detection technique is proposed. Under the conditions of unsymmetrical system voltage, varying system frequency, single-phase system and distorted system voltage the proposed PLL can accurately detect the fundamental positive-sequence component of grid voltage thus accurate control of DC micro-grid voltage can be realized.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125976040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152070
Enrique Rodriguez Diaz, Xiao-ling Su, M. Savaghebi, J. Vasquez, Minxiao Han, J. Guerrero
This paper presents a research project focus on the development of future intelligent direct-current (DC) microgrids which is being deployed for highly efficient integration of distributed generation and modern electronic loads. The project is based on the collaboration between research institutes in China and Denmark, aiming to explore the different aspects of DC microgrids: design, modelling, control, coordination, communications and management. In addition, a future Living Laboratory will also be integrated into the Intelligent DC Microgrids Laboratory, which will serve as demonstration facility for low voltage direct-current (LVDC) distribution systems. Research is carried out in both Intelligent DC Microgrid Laboratories, focused on industry in China and residential applications in Denmark.
{"title":"Intelligent DC Microgrid living Laboratories - A Chinese-Danish cooperation project","authors":"Enrique Rodriguez Diaz, Xiao-ling Su, M. Savaghebi, J. Vasquez, Minxiao Han, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152070","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a research project focus on the development of future intelligent direct-current (DC) microgrids which is being deployed for highly efficient integration of distributed generation and modern electronic loads. The project is based on the collaboration between research institutes in China and Denmark, aiming to explore the different aspects of DC microgrids: design, modelling, control, coordination, communications and management. In addition, a future Living Laboratory will also be integrated into the Intelligent DC Microgrids Laboratory, which will serve as demonstration facility for low voltage direct-current (LVDC) distribution systems. Research is carried out in both Intelligent DC Microgrid Laboratories, focused on industry in China and residential applications in Denmark.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122425116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152003
M. Nassef, H. Ashour, H. Desouki
This paper proposes the use of a three phase power converter setup with suitable controller, for power flow management over a hybrid micro-grid (including AC and DC grids), without need to any permanent storage systems (batteries or fuel cells) on the DC bus to counteract their high cost, complexity of design and integration. Such proposed system is capable of serving low voltage residential and commercial loads, where there would be an availability of renewable energy sources and possible DC loads (heaters, LED lights, electronics, etc ...). Bidirectional power transmission is achieved between AC and DC buses through a three phase bi-directional converter whose primary objective is to maintain a constant DC bus voltage with respect to DC sources or loads change. A proportional integral controller is utilized to stabilize the reference DC bus voltage by varying the reference AC grid side current that is controlled by a hysteresis controller. Through MATLAB SIMULINK simulation and practical implementation, the proposed prototype setup was evaluated for different operation scenarios.
{"title":"Battery-less hybrid micro-grid power management using bi-directional three phase power converter","authors":"M. Nassef, H. Ashour, H. Desouki","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152003","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the use of a three phase power converter setup with suitable controller, for power flow management over a hybrid micro-grid (including AC and DC grids), without need to any permanent storage systems (batteries or fuel cells) on the DC bus to counteract their high cost, complexity of design and integration. Such proposed system is capable of serving low voltage residential and commercial loads, where there would be an availability of renewable energy sources and possible DC loads (heaters, LED lights, electronics, etc ...). Bidirectional power transmission is achieved between AC and DC buses through a three phase bi-directional converter whose primary objective is to maintain a constant DC bus voltage with respect to DC sources or loads change. A proportional integral controller is utilized to stabilize the reference DC bus voltage by varying the reference AC grid side current that is controlled by a hysteresis controller. Through MATLAB SIMULINK simulation and practical implementation, the proposed prototype setup was evaluated for different operation scenarios.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122911843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152041
L. Mackay, Tsegay Hailu, L. Ramirez-Elizondo, P. Bauer
The increasing amount of distributed energy resources requires significant changes to today's power systems. Most of the distributed resources are dc inherently or have a dc link. Therefore, connecting them with a dc distribution system seems beneficial. This paper presents the opportunities and challenges of dc distribution systems, starting with the requirements of future power systems. It will be looked at how dc can fulfill them with meshed grid architectures, increased system availability and new market models. New protection strategies for large dc distribution systems and their open research questions are discussed.
{"title":"Towards a DC distribution system - opportunities and challenges","authors":"L. Mackay, Tsegay Hailu, L. Ramirez-Elizondo, P. Bauer","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152041","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing amount of distributed energy resources requires significant changes to today's power systems. Most of the distributed resources are dc inherently or have a dc link. Therefore, connecting them with a dc distribution system seems beneficial. This paper presents the opportunities and challenges of dc distribution systems, starting with the requirements of future power systems. It will be looked at how dc can fulfill them with meshed grid architectures, increased system availability and new market models. New protection strategies for large dc distribution systems and their open research questions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134511590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152038
B. Nordman, Kenneth J. Christensen
Many aspects of our electricity systems are rapidly changing, including the ability to locally generate power with renewable energy sources and integrate local storage. Key factors that led to our current grid architecture may no longer hold in the near future. A new approach to power distribution within buildings is Local Power Distribution (LPD). In LPD individual devices are organized into nanogrids (a single domain of power) with nanogrids networked to each other, to local generation, and to a building-wide microgrid. Nanogrids inherently incorporate DC power for efficiency. This new model for electricity distribution in buildings is implemented with a layered model of power - called Network Power Integration (NPI) - that isolates communication about power from communication for functional purposes.
{"title":"DC Local Power Distribution with microgrids and nanogrids","authors":"B. Nordman, Kenneth J. Christensen","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152038","url":null,"abstract":"Many aspects of our electricity systems are rapidly changing, including the ability to locally generate power with renewable energy sources and integrate local storage. Key factors that led to our current grid architecture may no longer hold in the near future. A new approach to power distribution within buildings is Local Power Distribution (LPD). In LPD individual devices are organized into nanogrids (a single domain of power) with nanogrids networked to each other, to local generation, and to a building-wide microgrid. Nanogrids inherently incorporate DC power for efficiency. This new model for electricity distribution in buildings is implemented with a layered model of power - called Network Power Integration (NPI) - that isolates communication about power from communication for functional purposes.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125679772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152059
Bo Sun, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero
This paper applies a hierarchical control for a fast charging station (FCS) composed of paralleled PWM rectifier and dedicated paralleled multiple flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs), in order to mitigate peak power shock on grid caused by sudden connection of electrical vehicle (EV) chargers. Distributed DC-bus signaling (DBS) and method resistive virtual impedance are employed in the power coordination of grid and flywheel converters, and a centralized secondary controller generates DC voltage correction term to adjust the local voltage set point. The control system is able to realize the power balancing and improve DC voltage regulation with low reliance on digital communication technology. Algorithm has been developed in Matlab/Simulink and compiled to real-time simulation platform dSPACE 1006. Corresponding simulation results have been reported in order to verify the validity of proposed control strategy.
{"title":"Two-level control for fast electrical vehicle charging stations with multi flywheel energy storage system","authors":"Bo Sun, T. Dragičević, J. Vasquez, J. Guerrero","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper applies a hierarchical control for a fast charging station (FCS) composed of paralleled PWM rectifier and dedicated paralleled multiple flywheel energy storage systems (FESSs), in order to mitigate peak power shock on grid caused by sudden connection of electrical vehicle (EV) chargers. Distributed DC-bus signaling (DBS) and method resistive virtual impedance are employed in the power coordination of grid and flywheel converters, and a centralized secondary controller generates DC voltage correction term to adjust the local voltage set point. The control system is able to realize the power balancing and improve DC voltage regulation with low reliance on digital communication technology. Algorithm has been developed in Matlab/Simulink and compiled to real-time simulation platform dSPACE 1006. Corresponding simulation results have been reported in order to verify the validity of proposed control strategy.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114831637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-07DOI: 10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152054
L. Zubieta, P. Lehn
This paper presents a novel unidirectional DC/DC converter that can be used to transfer power from distributed resources such as Solar PV or Fuel Cells into a DC microgrid. The converter is based on the LLC topology but designed to operate in a specific region of the gain curve that provides several benefits to integration of renewable energy sources into a constant DC bus. The isolated converter shows very high efficiency, full range of zero current switching, and simple control. The novel topology also has the inherent attribute of balancing the voltage on a bipolar DC bus by automatically shifting the processed power to the pole with the lower voltage.
{"title":"A high efficiency unidirectional DC/DC converter for integrating distributed resources into DC microgrids","authors":"L. Zubieta, P. Lehn","doi":"10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDCM.2015.7152054","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel unidirectional DC/DC converter that can be used to transfer power from distributed resources such as Solar PV or Fuel Cells into a DC microgrid. The converter is based on the LLC topology but designed to operate in a specific region of the gain curve that provides several benefits to integration of renewable energy sources into a constant DC bus. The isolated converter shows very high efficiency, full range of zero current switching, and simple control. The novel topology also has the inherent attribute of balancing the voltage on a bipolar DC bus by automatically shifting the processed power to the pole with the lower voltage.","PeriodicalId":110320,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE First International Conference on DC Microgrids (ICDCM)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116642960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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