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Bioassay Guided Isolation and α-Glucosidase Inhibition Studies of a New Sesquiterpene from Ochradenus aucheri. 生物测定指导下从 Ochradenus aucheri 中分离和抑制 α-葡萄糖苷酶的研究。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266318007240924174634
Hamida K M Al Rabani, Ajmal Khan, Tania Shamim Rizvi, Liaqat Ali, Javid Hussain, Fazal Mabood, Sobia Ahsan Halim, Asaad Khalid, Ahmed Al-Harrasi

Aims: The aim of the current study was to explore the anti-diabetic potential of Ochradenus aucheri Boiss (O. aucheri).

Method: All the fractions of O. aucheri were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibition, followed by bioassay-guided isolation which resulted in a new sesquiterpenoid, as a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor.

Results: The preliminary screening showed that all the fractions including n-hexane (38.0 ± 1.38 μg/mL), dichloromethane (92.6 ± 6.18 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (29.2 ± 0.51 μg/mL) and n-butanol (361.8 ± 5.80 μg/mL) displayed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The activity-directed fractionation and purification of ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of one new sesquiterpenoid, Jardenol (1), and two known metabolites: β-stitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2) and β-Sitosterol (3). To the best of our knowledge, these metabolites have not been isolated from this plant previously. The structure of the new metabolite 1 was confirmed through 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and MS analysis. Compound 1 showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition with an IC50 value of 138.2 ± 2.43 μg/mL as compared to positive control acarbose (IC50 = 942.0 ± 0.60 μg/mL). Additionally, in-silico docking was employed to predict the binding mechanism of compound 1 in the active site of the target enzyme, α-glucosidase. The docking results suggested that the compound forms strong interactions at the catalytic site of α-glucosidase.

Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that the newly purified secondary metabolite, Jardenol, can be a promising anti-diabetic compound.

目的:本研究旨在探索 Ochradenus aucheri Boiss(O. aucheri)的抗糖尿病潜力:方法:评估 O. aucheri 的所有馏分对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用,然后在生物测定指导下进行分离,分离出一种新的倍半萜类化合物,作为潜在的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂:初步筛选结果表明,包括正己烷(38.0 ± 1.38 μg/mL)、二氯甲烷(92.6 ± 6.18 μg/mL)、乙酸乙酯(29.2 ± 0.51 μg/mL)和正丁醇(361.8 ± 5.80 μg/mL)在内的所有馏分都具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。通过对乙酸乙酯馏分进行活性定向分馏和纯化,分离出了一种新的倍半萜类化合物 Jardenol (1),以及两种已知的代谢产物:β-谷甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 (2) 和 β-谷甾醇 (3)。据我们所知,这些代谢物以前从未从这种植物中分离出来。通过一维和二维核磁共振光谱以及质谱分析,确认了新代谢物 1 的结构。与阳性对照阿卡波糖(IC50 = 942.0 ± 0.60 μg/mL)相比,化合物 1 显示出明显的 α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,IC50 值为 138.2 ± 2.43 μg/mL。此外,研究人员还采用了体内对接法来预测化合物 1 与目标酶 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性位点的结合机制。对接结果表明,该化合物在α-葡萄糖苷酶的催化位点形成了很强的相互作用:本研究结果表明,新纯化的次生代谢物 Jardenol 是一种很有前景的抗糖尿病化合物。
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引用次数: 0
Heterocyclic Phytochemicals as Anticancer Agents. 作为抗癌剂的杂环植物化学物质。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266314693240914070250
M Amin Mir, Bimal Krishna Banik

Cancer continues to be a major global health challenge, driving the need for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents. Among these, heterocyclic phytochemicals have gained significant attention for their potential as anticancer agents. This review offers a detailed analysis of various classes of heterocyclic compounds with proven anticancer properties, shedding light on their mechanisms of action. The study draws from a diverse array of natural product sources, detailing the chemical structures and bioactivities of these compounds. Key heterocyclic classes such as alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, and terpenoids are emphasized due to their potent anticancer effects. Heterocyclic phytochemicals exhibit diverse anticancer mechanisms, including the modulation of cellular pathways like apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cell cycle progression. The combination of heterocyclic phytochemicals with conventional cancer therapies has shown promising synergistic effects, enhanced treatment efficacy and reducing side effects. The review systematically evaluates both preclinical and clinical studies, revealing the efficacy, safety profiles, and pharmacokinetics of selected heterocyclic compounds. The promising outcomes highlighted in this review underscore the critical need for ongoing research to fully realize the therapeutic potential of heterocyclic phytochemicals in cancer treatment.

癌症仍然是全球健康面临的一大挑战,因此需要发现新型治疗药物。其中,杂环植物化学物质因其作为抗癌剂的潜力而备受关注。这篇综述详细分析了经证实具有抗癌特性的各类杂环化合物,揭示了它们的作用机制。研究从各种天然产品来源中汲取营养,详细介绍了这些化合物的化学结构和生物活性。由于生物碱、类黄酮、香豆素和萜类化合物等主要杂环类化合物具有强大的抗癌作用,因此本研究对它们进行了重点研究。杂环类植物化学物质表现出多种抗癌机制,包括调节细胞凋亡、血管生成和细胞周期进展等细胞通路。杂环植物化学物与传统癌症疗法的结合显示出良好的协同作用,可提高疗效并减少副作用。本综述系统地评估了临床前和临床研究,揭示了某些杂环化合物的疗效、安全性和药代动力学。本综述所强调的良好结果突出表明,要充分发挥杂环植物化学物在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力,亟需进行持续的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Glycyrrhiza Compounds in Alzheimer's Disease: A Comprehensive Review. 探索甘草化合物对阿尔茨海默病的治疗潜力:全面综述。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266322320240911194626
Xiaona Song, Xiaotang Wang, Yao Gao, Guoqiang Xu, Xiaoru Yan, Zhaoyang Chen, Guohua Song

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Research shows that the development of AD is linked to neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell death, and abnormal cholinergic signaling. Glycyrrhiza compounds contain active ingredients and extracts that offer multiple benefits, including targeting various pathways, high efficacy with low toxicity, and long-lasting therapeutic effects. These benefits highlight the significant potential of Glycyrrhiza compounds for preventing and treating AD. This review summarizes recent advancements in Glycyrrhiza compounds for preventing and treating AD. It focuses on their inhibitory effects on key signaling pathways, such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cholinergic signaling. This study aims to establish a scientific framework for using Glycyrrhiza compounds in the clinical prevention and treatment of AD and to support the development of new therapeutic interventions.

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病。研究表明,阿尔茨海默病的发生与神经炎症、内质网应激、线粒体功能障碍、细胞死亡和胆碱能信号异常有关。甘草化合物所含的活性成分和提取物具有多种益处,包括针对各种途径、高效低毒、疗效持久等。这些优点凸显了甘草化合物在预防和治疗注意力缺失症方面的巨大潜力。这篇综述总结了甘草化合物在预防和治疗注意力缺失症方面的最新进展。其重点是甘草化合物对关键信号通路的抑制作用,如Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子κB(NF-κB)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和胆碱能信号传导。这项研究旨在建立一个科学框架,将甘草化合物用于临床预防和治疗注意力缺失症,并支持开发新的治疗干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
From Nature to Drug: Overview and CADD Approach of Anacardic Acid to Propose their Biological Potential. 从自然到药物:概述心绞痛酸并采用 CADD 方法提出其生物潜力。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266319575240905164313
Magna Maria Lima Araújo, Maria Lorena de Oliveira Andrade, Genil Dantas de Oliveira, Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, Harley da Silva Alves

Anacardic acids are natural compounds found in various plant families, such as Anacardiaceae, Geraniaceae, Ginkgoaceae, and Myristicaceae, among others. Several activities have been reported regarding these compounds, including antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities, showing the potential therapeutic applicability of these compounds. From a chemical point of view, they are structurally made up of salicylic acids substituted by an alkyl chain containing unsaturated bonds, which can vary in number and position, determining their bioactivity and differentiating them from the various existing forms. Our work aimed to explore the potential of anacardic acids, based on studies that address the bioactivity of these compounds, as well as to establish a greater understanding of the structure-activity relationship of these compounds through in silico methods, with a focus on the elucidation of a possible drug target through the application of computer-aided drug design, CADD.

无患子酸是一种天然化合物,存在于多种植物科中,如无患子科、鼠李科、银杏科和肉豆蔻科等。据报道,这些化合物具有多种活性,包括抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌、抗炎和抗病毒活性,显示了这些化合物潜在的治疗用途。从化学角度来看,这些化合物在结构上由水杨酸组成,水杨酸被含有不饱和键的烷基链取代,不饱和键的数量和位置各不相同,这就决定了它们的生物活性,并将它们与现有的各种形式区分开来。我们的工作旨在根据对这些化合物生物活性的研究,探索无患子酸的潜力,并通过硅学方法进一步了解这些化合物的结构-活性关系,重点是通过应用计算机辅助药物设计(CADD)阐明可能的药物靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Mentha spicata Mediated Formulation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Exhibit Superior Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Photodegradation Propensity Compared to Chemically Formulated Counterparts. 薄荷介导的氧化铁纳米粒子配方与化学配方相比具有更强的抗菌、抗氧化和光降解能力。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266332330240910100638
Lipsa Leena Panigrahi, Shashank Shekhar, Ashirdbad Sarangi, Siddharth Satpathy, Ankita Parmanik, Anindya Bose, Debapriya Bhattacharya, Manoranjan Arakha

Introduction: Iron oxide nanoparticles demonstrate tremendous potential in preserving the ecological balance of the environment since they act as antimicrobial agents and efficient photocatalysts. However, environmental sustainability has challenged the synthesis protocols of nanomaterials.

Method: This study compares the green synthesis method with the scalable chemical synthesis method. In this work, Iron oxide nanoparticles were fabricated via the green chemistry technique utilizing the leaf extract of Mentha spicata (M-IONP) and also via the chemical co-precipitation method (C-IONP). The synthesized IONPs were analyzed by different characterization methods such as XRD, FTIR, SEM analysis, ZETA potential measurements, and DLS spectroscopy analysis.

Results: The biosynthesized and chemically synthesized IONPs were analyzed for their mechanistic action against different applications like antimicrobial, antioxidant, and degradation of harmful dyes. Interestingly, the biosynthesized IONPs (M-IONP) exhibited more effective antimicrobial efficacy towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms than chemically synthesized IONPs.

Conclusion: The green synthesized M-IONP also showed significant antioxidant propensity similar to that of the standards taken. Additionally, green-synthesized M-IONP exhibited enhanced degradation efficacies against Methylene blue, chromium, and sulphamethoxazole in comparison to chemically synthesized IONP.

导言:由于氧化铁纳米粒子可用作抗菌剂和高效光催化剂,因此在保护环境生态平衡方面具有巨大潜力。然而,环境的可持续发展对纳米材料的合成方案提出了挑战:本研究比较了绿色合成法和可扩展化学合成法。在这项工作中,利用薄荷叶提取物(M-IONP)和化学共沉淀法(C-IONP),通过绿色化学技术制造了氧化铁纳米粒子。合成的 IONP 通过不同的表征方法进行了分析,如 XRD、FTIR、SEM 分析、ZETA 电位测量和 DLS 光谱分析:结果:对生物合成和化学合成的 IONPs 进行了机理分析,以了解它们在抗菌、抗氧化和降解有害染料等不同应用中的作用。有趣的是,与化学合成的 IONPs 相比,生物合成的 IONPs(M-IONP)对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌具有更有效的抗菌功效:结论:绿色合成的 M-IONP 也显示出与所采用的标准相似的显著抗氧化倾向。此外,与化学合成的 IONP 相比,绿色合成的 M-IONP 对亚甲蓝、铬和磺胺甲噁唑的降解效果更好。
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引用次数: 0
Solar Light-Induced Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds. 太阳光诱导生物活性化合物的合成。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266318635240906102108
Aparna Das, Devalina Ray, Muhammad Waqar Ashraf, Bimal Krishna Banik

Over the past few years, photocatalytic methods have shown great promise as low-cost, environmentally friendly, and sustainable technologies. During the development of photochemistry, a variety of sources of light were used, including sunlight, compact fluorescent lamps, lasers, and even light-emitting diodes. As a part of preparing diverse organic compounds, the photochemical approach was used, for instance, to form rings, arylated compounds, cycloaddition, functionalized compounds, dehalogenated compounds, oxidized compounds, reduced compounds, isomers, and sensitized compounds. Solar energy is a renewable resource that can be harvested from the sun and this light energy can be changed into chemical energy with the help of photocatalysts. During this green approach, electron-hole pairs are generated in photocatalysts in order to begin reactions by using solar light. It has been highlighted in this article that there have been impressive developments in the use of light, mainly the solar light, to promote important organic reactions, which would otherwise be unattainable under thermal conditions.

在过去几年中,光催化方法作为一种低成本、环保和可持续的技术,已经显示出巨大的前景。在光化学的发展过程中,使用了多种光源,包括太阳光、紧凑型荧光灯、激光,甚至发光二极管。作为制备各种有机化合物的一部分,光化学方法被用于形成环、芳基化化合物、环加成、功能化化合物、脱卤化合物、氧化化合物、还原化合物、异构体和敏化化合物等。太阳能是一种可从太阳获取的可再生资源,在光催化剂的帮助下,这种光能可以转化为化学能。在这种绿色方法中,光催化剂中会产生电子-空穴对,以便利用太阳光开始反应。本文强调,在利用光(主要是太阳光)促进重要的有机反应方面,已经取得了令人瞩目的进展。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Traditional Medicinal Foods in Cancer Treatment: Molecular Evidence and Bioactivities 探索传统药用食品在癌症治疗中的治疗潜力:分子证据和生物活性
IF 3.4 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266328466240829045659
Kulbhushan Thakur, Tejveer Singh, Deepika Sharma, Nipun Padha, Bilal Ahmad Mir, Atika Chandra, Vijay Rani Rajpal
: Traditional medicinal foods derived from natural sources have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their perceived health benefits and potential therapeutic properties and are deeply rooted in cultural practices. This review aimed at understanding their potential health benefits, emphasizes the need to identify the key bioactive substances in traditional home medicine. We have discussed the bioactive properties, molecular targets, and anti-cancer effects of various compounds such as curcumin, genistein, berberine, resveratrol, and, quercetin present in traditional medicinal foods. Our study highlights the potential of traditional medicinal food in the prevention and management of various health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders as evident from in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. Additionally, our study explores the mechanistic action of various bioactive constituents of grapes, rosemary, barberry, turmeric and garlic that have been shown to interfere with cancer growth, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and induce apoptosis by targeting various pathways and the cell cycle. Additionally, a wide range of healing abilities of medicinal foods including their impact on cancer cells demonstrate their direct anti-tumor potential along with antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. To summarize, the present review highlights that integrating the insights of contemporary science with the age-old wisdom of traditional medicine in a systematic way holds immense potential for developing alternate and effective approaches to cancer therapeutics and offering evidence-based dietary recommendations.
:近年来,从天然资源中提取的传统药用食品越来越受到人们的关注,因为它们具有明显的健康益处和潜在的治疗特性,并深深植根于文化习俗之中。本综述旨在了解其潜在的健康益处,强调有必要确定传统家庭药膳中的关键生物活性物质。我们讨论了传统药膳中姜黄素、染料木素、小檗碱、白藜芦醇和槲皮素等多种化合物的生物活性特性、分子靶点和抗癌作用。我们的研究强调了传统药用食品在预防和治疗心血管疾病、癌症和神经退行性疾病等各种健康状况方面的潜力,这一点在体外、体内和临床试验中都得到了证实。此外,我们的研究还探讨了葡萄、迷迭香、巴比妥、姜黄和大蒜中各种生物活性成分的作用机理,这些成分已被证明可以通过靶向各种途径和细胞周期,干扰癌症的生长、增殖、转移、血管生成并诱导细胞凋亡。此外,药用食品具有广泛的治疗能力,包括对癌细胞的影响,这表明它们具有直接抗肿瘤的潜力以及抗氧化和抗炎特性。总之,本综述强调,以系统的方式将当代科学的见解与传统医学的古老智慧相结合,在开发替代性有效癌症治疗方法和提供循证膳食建议方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Identification and Verification of a Prognostic Risk Signature in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. 口腔鳞状细胞癌预后风险特征的识别与验证
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266335055240828061128
Rishou Chen, Junlin Duan, Yonglong Ye, Huan Xu, Yali Ding, Jun Liu

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignant condition. This study aimed to investigate the role of mTORC1 signaling and develop a prognostic model for OSCC.

Materials and methods: The single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm was utilized to calculate the Z-Score of Hallmarks in OSCC, followed by univariate Cox regression analysis to identify processes associated with prognosis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed using transcriptomic data from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort to identify genes correlated with mTORC1 signaling. A six-gene prognostic model was constructed using multifactorial Cox regression analysis and validated using an external dataset.

Results: The study uncovered a strong linkage between mTORC1, glycolysis, hypoxia, and the prognosis of OSCC. mTORC1 signaling emerged as the most significant risk factor, negatively impacting patient survival. Additionally, a six-gene prognostic risk score model was developed which provided a quantitative measure of patients' survival probabilities. Interestingly, within the context of these findings, TP53 gene mutations were predominantly observed in the high-risk group, potentially underlining the genetic complexity of this patient subgroup. Additionally, differential immune cell infiltration and an integrated nomogram were also reported.

Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of mTORC1 signaling in OSCC prognosis and presents a robust prognostic model for predicting patient outcomes.

简介口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)是一种常见的恶性肿瘤。本研究旨在探讨mTORC1信号转导的作用,并建立OSCC的预后模型:利用单样本基因组富集分析(ssGSEA)算法计算OSCC标志物的Z-Score,然后进行单变量Cox回归分析,以确定与预后相关的过程。利用癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)队列中的转录组数据进行了加权基因共表达网络分析(WGCNA),以确定与mTORC1信号转导相关的基因。利用多因素考克斯回归分析构建了一个六基因预后模型,并利用外部数据集进行了验证:研究发现,mTORC1、糖酵解、缺氧与 OSCC 的预后之间存在密切联系。此外,研究人员还建立了一个六基因预后风险评分模型,对患者的生存概率进行量化测量。有趣的是,在这些研究结果中,TP53 基因突变主要出现在高危人群中,这可能凸显了这一患者亚群的遗传复杂性。此外,还报告了不同的免疫细胞浸润和综合提名图:本研究强调了mTORC1信号在OSCC预后中的重要性,并提出了一个预测患者预后的可靠模型。
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引用次数: 0
A Method for Predicting Allelic Variants of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms. 预测单核苷酸多态性等位基因变异的方法。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266328330240828040922
Ekaterina Evgenyevna Tyagunova, Alexander Sergeevich Zakharov, Galina Valerievna Pavlova, Daria Alexandrovna Ogarkova, Natalia Alexandrovna Zhuchenko, Vladimir Alexeyevich Gushchin

Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are pivotal in clinical genetics, serving to link genotypes with disease susceptibility and response to environmental factors, including pharmacogenetics. They also play a crucial role in population genetics for mapping the human genome and localizing genes. Despite their utility, challenges arise when molecular genetic studies yield insufficient or uninformative data, particularly for socially significant diseases. This study aims to address these gaps by proposing a method to predict allelic variants of SNPs.

Method: Using quantitative PCR and analyzing body composition data from 150 patients with their voluntary informed consent, we employed IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0 for data analysis. Our prototype formula, exemplified by allelic variant ADRB2 (rs1042713) = 0.257 + 0.639 * allelic variant ADRB2 (rs1042714) - 0.314 * allelic variant ADRB3 (rs4994) + 0.191 * allelic variant PPARA (rs4253778) - 0.218 * allelic variant PPARD (rs2016520) + 0.027 * body weight + 0.00001 * body weight², demonstrates the feasibility of predicting SNP allelic variants.

Results: This method holds promise for diverse diseases, including those of significant social impact, due to its potential to streamline and economize molecular genetic research. Its ability to stratify disease risk in the absence of complete SNP data makes it particularly compelling for clinical and laboratory geneticists.

Conclusion: However, its translation into clinical practice necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive SNP database, especially for frequently analyzed SNPs within the implementing institution.

导言:单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)在临床遗传学中举足轻重,可将基因型与疾病易感性和对环境因素的反应联系起来,包括药物遗传学。在群体遗传学中,SNP 在绘制人类基因组图谱和定位基因方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管分子遗传学很有用,但当分子遗传学研究产生的数据不足或信息不充分时,尤其是对社会重大疾病而言,就会出现挑战。本研究旨在通过提出一种预测 SNPs 等位基因变异的方法来弥补这些不足:方法:我们使用定量 PCR 分析了 150 名患者的身体成分数据,并获得了他们的自愿知情同意。我们的原型公式为等位基因变异 ADRB2 (rs1042713) = 0.257 + 0.639 * 等位基因变异 ADRB2 (rs1042714) - 0.314 * 等位基因变异 ADRB3 (rs4994) + 0.191 * 等位基因变异体 PPARA (rs4253778) - 0.218 * 等位基因变异体 PPARD (rs2016520) + 0.027 * 体重 + 0.00001 * 体重²,证明了预测 SNP 等位基因变异体的可行性:结果:由于这种方法具有简化和节约分子遗传研究的潜力,因此有望用于各种疾病,包括对社会有重大影响的疾病。它能在缺乏完整 SNP 数据的情况下对疾病风险进行分层,这对临床和实验室遗传学家来说尤其具有吸引力:然而,要将其应用到临床实践中,就必须建立一个全面的 SNP 数据库,尤其是针对实施机构内经常分析的 SNP。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in Nanocatalyzed One-Pot Sustainable Synthesis of Bioactive N, N-Heterocycles with Anticancer Activities: An Outlook of Medicinal Chemistry. 纳米催化一锅可持续合成具有抗癌活性的生物活性 N, N-杂环的最新进展:药物化学展望》。
IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q3 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266311149240822111827
Sasadhar Majhi

N-heterocycles represent a predominant and unique class of organic chemistry. They have received a lot of attention due to their important chemical, biomedical, and industrial uses. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved about 75% of drugs containing N-based heterocycles, which are currently available in the market. N-Heterocyclic compounds exist as the backbone of numerous natural products and act as crucial intermediates for the construction of pharmaceuticals, veterinary items, and agrochemicals frequently. Among N-based heterocyclic compounds, bioactive N,N-heterocycles constitute a broad spectrum of applications in modern drug discovery and development processes. Cefozopran (antibiotic), omeprazole (antiulcer), enviradine (antiviral), liarozole (anticancer), etc., are important drugs containing N,N-heterocycles. The synthesis of N,Nheterocyclic compounds under sustainable conditions is one of the most active fields because of their significant physiological and biological properties as well as synthetic utility. Current research is demanding the development of greener, cheaper, and milder protocols for the synthesis of N,N-heterocyclic compounds to save mother nature by avoiding toxic metal catalysts, extensive application of energy, and the excessive use of hazardous materials. Nanocatalysts play a profound role in sustainable synthesis because of their larger surface area, tiny size, and minimum energy; they are eco-friendly and safe, and they provide higher yields with selectivity in comparison to conventional catalysts. It is increasingly demanding research to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds that may help to combat cancer since the major causes of death worldwide are due to cancer. Hence, the important uses of nanocatalysts for the one-pot synthesis of biologically potent N,N-heterocycles with anticancer activities have been presented in this review.

N-heterocycles 是有机化学中最主要、最独特的一类化合物。由于其重要的化学、生物医学和工业用途,它们受到了广泛关注。美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了约 75% 含有 N 型杂环的药物,这些药物目前已在市场上销售。N 型杂环化合物是众多天然产物的骨架,也是制造药品、兽药和农用化学品的重要中间体。在 N 基杂环化合物中,具有生物活性的 N,N-杂环化合物在现代药物发现和开发过程中有着广泛的应用。头孢唑喃(抗生素)、奥美拉唑(抗溃疡)、恩维拉定(抗病毒)、利阿罗唑(抗癌)等都是含有 N,N-杂环的重要药物。在可持续条件下合成 N,N-三环化合物是最活跃的领域之一,因为它们具有重要的生理和生物特性以及合成用途。目前的研究要求开发更环保、更便宜、更温和的 N,N-杂环化合物合成方案,以避免使用有毒金属催化剂、大量使用能源和过量使用有害物质,从而拯救大自然。纳米催化剂在可持续合成中发挥着深远的作用,因为它们具有更大的表面积、极小的尺寸和最低的能耗;与传统催化剂相比,它们既环保又安全,还能提供更高的产率和选择性。由于癌症是导致全球死亡的主要原因,因此设计和合成有助于抗癌的新型生物活性化合物的研究要求越来越高。因此,本综述介绍了纳米催化剂在一锅合成具有抗癌活性的生物强效 N,N-杂环方面的重要用途。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Current topics in medicinal chemistry
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