Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2086396
Pengfei Gao, Ji-rong Liu
ABSTRACT A fresh Cu(II) coordination polymer, i.e., [Cu3(Hmbdc)2(mbdc)2(dmphen)2]n (1, H2mbdc = isophthalic acid, dmphen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), has been generated with the hydrothermal reactions between Cu salts and the mixed ligands of 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and isophthalic acid. Moreover, the catalytic activity of 1 was evaluated via degrading the Congo red with a method of Fenton with an excellent degradation efficiency of 95.8% at 100 min. Next, the application value of compound on stroke was assessed, and the related mechanisms were explored at the same time. First of all, the tumor necrosis factor-α and recombinant rat IL-1β content released into the plasma were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection kit. Besides, the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway activation in cerebral vascular endothelial cells was also determined with real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay.
{"title":"A Cu(II)-based coordination polymer: catalytic properties and treatment activity on stroke","authors":"Pengfei Gao, Ji-rong Liu","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A fresh Cu(II) coordination polymer, i.e., [Cu3(Hmbdc)2(mbdc)2(dmphen)2]n (1, H2mbdc = isophthalic acid, dmphen = 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline), has been generated with the hydrothermal reactions between Cu salts and the mixed ligands of 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and isophthalic acid. Moreover, the catalytic activity of 1 was evaluated via degrading the Congo red with a method of Fenton with an excellent degradation efficiency of 95.8% at 100 min. Next, the application value of compound on stroke was assessed, and the related mechanisms were explored at the same time. First of all, the tumor necrosis factor-α and recombinant rat IL-1β content released into the plasma were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection kit. Besides, the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway activation in cerebral vascular endothelial cells was also determined with real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction assay.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"148 - 154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43387142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2086411
M. Waqas, H. Sadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, M. Omer, M. Siddique, Shaista Qamar, Muhammad Zaman, M. H. Butt, M. W. Mustafa, Naeem Rasool
ABSTRACT Niosomes are multilamellar vesicles that efficiently deliver active substance into skin systemic circulation or skin layers. They are used in topical drug delivery system to enhance the skin permeation of active substance. So, the prime objective of this study was to develop a niosomal gel of fusidic acid to increase its skin permeation. Different formulations of niosomes of fusidic acid were designed by varying the cholesterol to surfactant ratio. Formulations containing fusidic acid, cholesterol, dihexadecyl pyridinium chloride, Span 60, or Tween 60 were prepared by thin film hydration method in rotary evaporator. The thin film formed in rotary flask was hydrated by phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.2. The niosomes formed were characterized through entrapment efficiency, size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The S3 formulation containing span 60 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) of niosomes, so it was incorporated into Carbopol gel. Determination of pH, spreadability, rheological, and ex vivo permeation studies was conducted of niosomal gel. The results of ex vivo permeation studies showed high permeation of fusidic acid when gel was applied to an albino rat skin. According to the results and previous studies of niosomes, it can be concluded that niosomes enhanced the permeation of fusidic acid through the skin.
{"title":"Development and characterization of niosomal gel of fusidic acid: in-vitro and ex-vivo approaches","authors":"M. Waqas, H. Sadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, M. Omer, M. Siddique, Shaista Qamar, Muhammad Zaman, M. H. Butt, M. W. Mustafa, Naeem Rasool","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086411","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Niosomes are multilamellar vesicles that efficiently deliver active substance into skin systemic circulation or skin layers. They are used in topical drug delivery system to enhance the skin permeation of active substance. So, the prime objective of this study was to develop a niosomal gel of fusidic acid to increase its skin permeation. Different formulations of niosomes of fusidic acid were designed by varying the cholesterol to surfactant ratio. Formulations containing fusidic acid, cholesterol, dihexadecyl pyridinium chloride, Span 60, or Tween 60 were prepared by thin film hydration method in rotary evaporator. The thin film formed in rotary flask was hydrated by phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.2. The niosomes formed were characterized through entrapment efficiency, size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The S3 formulation containing span 60 showed the highest entrapment efficiency (EE) of niosomes, so it was incorporated into Carbopol gel. Determination of pH, spreadability, rheological, and ex vivo permeation studies was conducted of niosomal gel. The results of ex vivo permeation studies showed high permeation of fusidic acid when gel was applied to an albino rat skin. According to the results and previous studies of niosomes, it can be concluded that niosomes enhanced the permeation of fusidic acid through the skin.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"165 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42466081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2086413
Vu Quoc Trung, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, Nguyen Thi Dua, N. N. Linh, Lai Dang Cuong, Dao Phuong Thao, Vo Khac Huy, Nguyen Hoang Ha Phuong, Nguyen Hien, Duong Khanh Linh, Vu Quoc Manh, N. T. Chinh, T. Hoang, L. Van Meervelt
ABSTRACT Eight polythiophene derivatives containing pyrazoline side groups were synthesized by a chemical oxidative coupling polymerization using FeCl3. The crystal structures of four monomers were determined which confirm the almost perpendicular orientation of the thiophene and pyrazoline rings, while the other substituents are more coplanar. Analyses of IR, 1H-NMR, Raman and UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that the suggested polymerization was successful to generate the synthesized polythiophenes with the expected structures. The morphology of the synthesized polythiophenes was studied by SEM. The different substituents attached to the 1- and 3-positions of the pyrazoline side chain led to differences in optical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability of the synthesized polythiophenes. By adding a pyrazoline side chain to polythiophenes, some polymers achieve good solubility, electrical conductivity of about 1.3 × 10–6 S/cm, high fluorescence intensity (above 40,000 a.u.) at 505–550 nm and thermal stability up to 590°C in the air.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of some novel polythiophene derivatives containing pyrazoline","authors":"Vu Quoc Trung, Tran Thi Thuy Duong, Nguyen Thi Dua, N. N. Linh, Lai Dang Cuong, Dao Phuong Thao, Vo Khac Huy, Nguyen Hoang Ha Phuong, Nguyen Hien, Duong Khanh Linh, Vu Quoc Manh, N. T. Chinh, T. Hoang, L. Van Meervelt","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086413","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Eight polythiophene derivatives containing pyrazoline side groups were synthesized by a chemical oxidative coupling polymerization using FeCl3. The crystal structures of four monomers were determined which confirm the almost perpendicular orientation of the thiophene and pyrazoline rings, while the other substituents are more coplanar. Analyses of IR, 1H-NMR, Raman and UV-Vis spectra demonstrated that the suggested polymerization was successful to generate the synthesized polythiophenes with the expected structures. The morphology of the synthesized polythiophenes was studied by SEM. The different substituents attached to the 1- and 3-positions of the pyrazoline side chain led to differences in optical properties, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability of the synthesized polythiophenes. By adding a pyrazoline side chain to polythiophenes, some polymers achieve good solubility, electrical conductivity of about 1.3 × 10–6 S/cm, high fluorescence intensity (above 40,000 a.u.) at 505–550 nm and thermal stability up to 590°C in the air.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"136 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48213331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2086397
Sheng-Min Sang, Min-Xia Zhang
ABSTRACT In the current research, two coordination polymers (CPs) have been produced solvothermally on the basis of a semi-rigid multifunctional tricarboxylate, i.e., 5-(3,4-dicarboxylphenoxy) nicotic acid (H3L), and the chemical compositions of the two compounds are [Zn(H2L)2(H2O)2] 1 and [Zn(HL)(2,2'-bpy)] (2, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively. The structures and CHN analysis of both complexes were researched. The structural analysis results show that complex 1 features a 2D layered network with sql-type topology and complex 2 demonstrates a 2D layered network with uninodal hcb topology. The therapeutic activity and nursing application values of compounds against coronary heart disease were explored, and their relevant mechanism was assessed in meantime. The endothelin (ET) and prostacyclin (PGI2) contents released by the arterial endothelial cells into plasma were determined with ELISA assay. In addition to this, the alpha granule membrane protein 140 (GMP140) on the platelet was determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.
{"title":"Zn(II) coordination polymers: therapeutic activity and nursing application values against coronary heart disease","authors":"Sheng-Min Sang, Min-Xia Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2086397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2086397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current research, two coordination polymers (CPs) have been produced solvothermally on the basis of a semi-rigid multifunctional tricarboxylate, i.e., 5-(3,4-dicarboxylphenoxy) nicotic acid (H3L), and the chemical compositions of the two compounds are [Zn(H2L)2(H2O)2] 1 and [Zn(HL)(2,2'-bpy)] (2, 2,2'-bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), respectively. The structures and CHN analysis of both complexes were researched. The structural analysis results show that complex 1 features a 2D layered network with sql-type topology and complex 2 demonstrates a 2D layered network with uninodal hcb topology. The therapeutic activity and nursing application values of compounds against coronary heart disease were explored, and their relevant mechanism was assessed in meantime. The endothelin (ET) and prostacyclin (PGI2) contents released by the arterial endothelial cells into plasma were determined with ELISA assay. In addition to this, the alpha granule membrane protein 140 (GMP140) on the platelet was determined with real-time RT-PCR assay.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"128 - 135"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47067369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-06DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2072697
Pasawat Jongpanya-Ngam, R. Khankrua, M. Seadan, S. Suttiruengwong
ABSTRACT The improvement of the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the key areas to allow PLA to perform better at higher temperature and load bearing. Due to its slow crystallization rate, either organic or inorganic nucleating agents (NAs) can be used to improve the crystallization rate of PLA. In the case of organic NAs, aromatic sulfonate salt and bisamide compounds are promising ones because they can control better clarity. The aim of this work was to study the crystallization behavior of PLA using as-synthesized dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SSIPA) as a nucleating agent in comparison with the commercial sulfonate salt (LAK-301). Two grades of PLA (PLA L105 and PLA 3251D) were used in this study. PLA samples were prepared by internal mixer and compression molding. All samples were investigated by DSC and POM. The results from DSC showed that after introducing the nucleating agents into PLA, the crystallinity in all samples was improved. The highest crystallinity at 57.48% was obtained from PLA L105/SSIPA1.0. Isothermal crystallization kinetics showed the improvement in overall crystallization rate of PLA with nucleating agents. The lowest half time crystallization obtained was 1.19 min for PLA L105/SSIPA1.0 at 135 °C. The results from POM indicated the substantial increase of the nucleus density and smaller spherulite size upon adding nucleating agents.
{"title":"Effect of synthesized sulfonate derivatives as nucleating agents on crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid)","authors":"Pasawat Jongpanya-Ngam, R. Khankrua, M. Seadan, S. Suttiruengwong","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2072697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2072697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The improvement of the crystallization of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the key areas to allow PLA to perform better at higher temperature and load bearing. Due to its slow crystallization rate, either organic or inorganic nucleating agents (NAs) can be used to improve the crystallization rate of PLA. In the case of organic NAs, aromatic sulfonate salt and bisamide compounds are promising ones because they can control better clarity. The aim of this work was to study the crystallization behavior of PLA using as-synthesized dimethyl 5-sulfoisophthalate sodium salt (SSIPA) as a nucleating agent in comparison with the commercial sulfonate salt (LAK-301). Two grades of PLA (PLA L105 and PLA 3251D) were used in this study. PLA samples were prepared by internal mixer and compression molding. All samples were investigated by DSC and POM. The results from DSC showed that after introducing the nucleating agents into PLA, the crystallinity in all samples was improved. The highest crystallinity at 57.48% was obtained from PLA L105/SSIPA1.0. Isothermal crystallization kinetics showed the improvement in overall crystallization rate of PLA with nucleating agents. The lowest half time crystallization obtained was 1.19 min for PLA L105/SSIPA1.0 at 135 °C. The results from POM indicated the substantial increase of the nucleus density and smaller spherulite size upon adding nucleating agents.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"115 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41511879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-28DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2068743
Jin Xin, Jichun Zheng, Yonghai Sun
ABSTRACT Traditional drug solutions or suspensions, have been shown to treat pain in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain in rats, with or without combination with magnetic therapy. In this study, we aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the therapeutic effects of microparticles containing dexamethasone for local administration and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. The results showed the following; a) Preparation and characterization: two ratios of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were used. The prepared batches were similar in size and magnetic responsiveness. The microparticle size distribution assessed via electron microscopy suggested a homogeneous distribution and absence of aggregates. Dexamethasone release profiles (microparticles synthesized with a feed ratio of 1:4) showed a sustained release in vitro and good biocompatibility with tissues. b) Therapeutic effect: the treatment effect of dexamethasone-PLGA magnetic microspheres + magnetic therapy was substantially better than that observed for other groups on day 4, as monitored by appearance, mechanical pain threshold, and histological analysis. This type of carrier could be a suitable magnetically retainable local drug delivery system for treating chronic pain.
{"title":"Dexamethasone-Loaded biodegradable magnetic microparticles for treatment of CFA-induced chronic pain in rats","authors":"Jin Xin, Jichun Zheng, Yonghai Sun","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2068743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2068743","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Traditional drug solutions or suspensions, have been shown to treat pain in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced chronic inflammatory pain in rats, with or without combination with magnetic therapy. In this study, we aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the therapeutic effects of microparticles containing dexamethasone for local administration and treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. The results showed the following; a) Preparation and characterization: two ratios of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were used. The prepared batches were similar in size and magnetic responsiveness. The microparticle size distribution assessed via electron microscopy suggested a homogeneous distribution and absence of aggregates. Dexamethasone release profiles (microparticles synthesized with a feed ratio of 1:4) showed a sustained release in vitro and good biocompatibility with tissues. b) Therapeutic effect: the treatment effect of dexamethasone-PLGA magnetic microspheres + magnetic therapy was substantially better than that observed for other groups on day 4, as monitored by appearance, mechanical pain threshold, and histological analysis. This type of carrier could be a suitable magnetically retainable local drug delivery system for treating chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"98 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45386036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-12DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2063011
G. Pier Villegas, A. G. Alvarado Mendoza, L. G. Guerrero Ram U EDrez, L. C. Rosales-Rivera, J. Aguilar, F. J. Moscoso S U E Nchez
ABSTRACT The polymerization of aniline hydrochloride by inverse microemulsion in a batch process and the semicontinuous process was studied as a function of the surfactant ionic and nonionic. Polymerizations were carried out at 60°C for 4 h with a yield polymer of circa 67 and 27% wt. for ionic and nonionic surfactants. The conductivity of synthesized polyaniline by the semicontinuous process is higher up to three orders of magnitude than that of the batch process for both surfactants. The calculating degree of oxidation by UV-Vis showed the relative intensities of the quinoid to benzenoid unit around one. The morphology was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and observed that the formation of the different morphologies is due to the self-assembly behavior of surfactant. The diameter z-average particle size (Dz) was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which determined that the diameter particle in a semicontinuous state is larger than the one produced in a batch; this is due to the control of monomer addition in the system. These findings suggest that the polymerization process and the type of surfactant influence the properties of polyaniline.
{"title":"Polymerization of aniline hydrochloride in reverse of microemulsion by batch and semicontinuous process using ionic and nonionic surfactants","authors":"G. Pier Villegas, A. G. Alvarado Mendoza, L. G. Guerrero Ram U EDrez, L. C. Rosales-Rivera, J. Aguilar, F. J. Moscoso S U E Nchez","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2063011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2063011","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The polymerization of aniline hydrochloride by inverse microemulsion in a batch process and the semicontinuous process was studied as a function of the surfactant ionic and nonionic. Polymerizations were carried out at 60°C for 4 h with a yield polymer of circa 67 and 27% wt. for ionic and nonionic surfactants. The conductivity of synthesized polyaniline by the semicontinuous process is higher up to three orders of magnitude than that of the batch process for both surfactants. The calculating degree of oxidation by UV-Vis showed the relative intensities of the quinoid to benzenoid unit around one. The morphology was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and observed that the formation of the different morphologies is due to the self-assembly behavior of surfactant. The diameter z-average particle size (Dz) was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), which determined that the diameter particle in a semicontinuous state is larger than the one produced in a batch; this is due to the control of monomer addition in the system. These findings suggest that the polymerization process and the type of surfactant influence the properties of polyaniline.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the unique properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, availability from renewable resources, and cost-effectiveness, polysaccharides play a very important part in the science and technology field. The various chemically modified derivatives of these offer a wide range of high value-added in both food and non-food industries. Among the chemical modification, etherified polysaccharide is one of the most widespread derivatives by introducing an ether group which is commonly stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions. Hydroxyalkylation, alkylation, carboxymethylation, cationization, and cyanoethylation are some of the modifications commonly employed to prepare polysaccharides ethers derivatives. There also has been a growing tendency for creating new types of modification by combining the different means of chemical techniques. The correct determination of degree of substitution (DS)/molar substitution (MS) is crucially important. The objective of this article is to summarize developments in synthetic etherified polysaccharides, involving analytical methods for determination of MS/DS, measurement processes, and the associated mechanisms.
{"title":"Quantitative analysis of degree of substitution/molar substitution of etherified polysaccharide derivatives.","authors":"Xue-Li Liu, Chun-Feng Zhu, Han-Chun Liu, Jia-Ming Zhu","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054118","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the unique properties such as nontoxicity, biodegradability, availability from renewable resources, and cost-effectiveness, polysaccharides play a very important part in the science and technology field. The various chemically modified derivatives of these offer a wide range of high value-added in both food and non-food industries. Among the chemical modification, etherified polysaccharide is one of the most widespread derivatives by introducing an ether group which is commonly stable in both acidic and alkaline conditions. Hydroxyalkylation, alkylation, carboxymethylation, cationization, and cyanoethylation are some of the modifications commonly employed to prepare polysaccharides ethers derivatives. There also has been a growing tendency for creating new types of modification by combining the different means of chemical techniques. The correct determination of degree of substitution (DS)/molar substitution (MS) is crucially important. The objective of this article is to summarize developments in synthetic etherified polysaccharides, involving analytical methods for determination of MS/DS, measurement processes, and the associated mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8956314/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10615106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2054117
Nariman Shahid, Alia Erum, Muhammad Zaman, U. Tulain, Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib, N. Malik, R. Kausar, A. Rashid, Umaira Rehman
ABSTRACT The aim of this contemporary work was to formulate a controlled release mucoadhesive nanoparticle formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Ticagrelor (TG), a BCS class IV drug, having low oral bioavailability of about 36%. The nanoparticles can act as efficient carriers for hydrophobic drugs, due to having high surface area and hence can improve their aqueous solubility due to their hydrophilic nature. The nanoparticles (NPs) of TG were formulated using chitosan (CH) as polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker, by ionic gelation technique with varying concentrations of polymer with respect to TG and TPP. Characterization of prepared nanoparticles was carried out to assess zeta potential, size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), using zeta sizer, surface morphology and chemical compatibility analysis. Drug release was observed using UV-Spectrophotometer. By increasing concentration of CH the desired size of particles (106.9 nm), zeta potential (22.6 mv) and poly dispersity index (0.364) was achieved. In vitro profiles showed a controlled and prolonged release of TG in both lower pH-1.2 and neutral pH-7.4 mediums, with effective protection of entrapped TG in simulated gastric conditions. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the crystalline nature of formed NPs. Hence, this effort showed that hydrophobic drugs can be effectively encapsulated in nanoparticulate systems to enhance their solubility and stability, ultimately improving their bioavailability and effectiveness with better patient compliance by reducing dosing frequencies as well.
{"title":"Synthesis and evaluation of chitosan based controlled release nanoparticles for the delivery of ticagrelor","authors":"Nariman Shahid, Alia Erum, Muhammad Zaman, U. Tulain, Qurat-ul-ain Shoaib, N. Malik, R. Kausar, A. Rashid, Umaira Rehman","doi":"10.1080/15685551.2022.2054117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2022.2054117","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aim of this contemporary work was to formulate a controlled release mucoadhesive nanoparticle formulation for enhancing the oral bioavailability of Ticagrelor (TG), a BCS class IV drug, having low oral bioavailability of about 36%. The nanoparticles can act as efficient carriers for hydrophobic drugs, due to having high surface area and hence can improve their aqueous solubility due to their hydrophilic nature. The nanoparticles (NPs) of TG were formulated using chitosan (CH) as polymer and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker, by ionic gelation technique with varying concentrations of polymer with respect to TG and TPP. Characterization of prepared nanoparticles was carried out to assess zeta potential, size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC), using zeta sizer, surface morphology and chemical compatibility analysis. Drug release was observed using UV-Spectrophotometer. By increasing concentration of CH the desired size of particles (106.9 nm), zeta potential (22.6 mv) and poly dispersity index (0.364) was achieved. In vitro profiles showed a controlled and prolonged release of TG in both lower pH-1.2 and neutral pH-7.4 mediums, with effective protection of entrapped TG in simulated gastric conditions. X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) showed the crystalline nature of formed NPs. Hence, this effort showed that hydrophobic drugs can be effectively encapsulated in nanoparticulate systems to enhance their solubility and stability, ultimately improving their bioavailability and effectiveness with better patient compliance by reducing dosing frequencies as well.","PeriodicalId":11170,"journal":{"name":"Designed Monomers and Polymers","volume":"25 1","pages":"55 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41595996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.1080/15685551.2022.2054116
Elnaz Gholizadeh, Meriem Naim, R. Belibel, H. Hlawaty, C. Barbaud
ABSTRACT Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers are widely used in the medical field. In some cases, the biopolymer is accompanied by an active drug, which is delivered locally in a controlled manner in order to improve the healing conditions. Poly([R,S]-3,3-dimethylmalic acid) (PDMMLA) is a synthetic amphiphilic biodegradable polymer, which unlike PLA, can be chemically modified to adapt hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance, degradation kinetics, and physicochemical and biological properties. It may contain a lateral alkyl group or a functional group for coupling bioactive molecules to release during its degradation. In this work, we realized the chemical grafting of paclitaxel (PTX), a microtubule stabilizing anti-cancer agent on PDMMLA derivatives bio-polyesters following a Steglich esterification protocol. 1D and 2D NMR analyses validated the reaction with 10% (using 0.1 equivalent) of PTX on the copolymer PDMMLAH40-co-Hex60 (PDMMLA 40/60) and a maximal PTX grafting rate of 55% on the homopolymer PDMMLAH (PDMMLA 100/0). In vitro adhesion and cytotoxicity assays were carried out on HUVEC cells with PDMMLA 40/60, PDMMLA-PTX 30/10/60 and PLA.
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