Ibrahim Cinar, Ibrahimhan Dilci, Kubra Genc, Yavuz Atasoy, Fantai Kong, Zhengguo Xiao, Savas Sonmezoglu
In recent years, research on the ferroelectric coupling photovoltaic effect has gained remarkable advances in enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, Fe‐doped Zn 2 SnO 4 ferroelectric thin films were produced at room temperature via the magnetron co‐sputtering method and employed as electron transport layers in planar based PSCs. The impact of various polarization directions on photovoltaic performance has been extensively examined. Diamagnetic Zn 2 SnO 4 thin films were effectively endowed with ferromagnetic characteristics by doping with iron as a “hard ferromagnetic element”. The incorporation of iron enhances spontaneous dipole polarization and reduces defects at the perovskite/ETL interface, leading to an impressive efficiency of over 23% with a perpendicular magnetic field, compared to 22% for control. The cells also exhibited remarkable operational stability, maintaining 97% after 600 h under continuous illumination at 85°C, and 91% of initial efficiency after 1000 h under a relative humidity environment. This work emphasizes the utilization of ferromagnetic electron transport layers for controlling spontaneous polarization and altering carrier dynamics in perovskite, which is crucial for achieving highly efficient PSCs with improved operational stability.
{"title":"Ferromagnetic–Electronic Coupling Strategy for Enhancing Operational Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells toward Magnetron Co‐Sputtered Iron‐Doped Zinc‐Tin‐Oxide Ferroelectric Electron Transport Layers","authors":"Ibrahim Cinar, Ibrahimhan Dilci, Kubra Genc, Yavuz Atasoy, Fantai Kong, Zhengguo Xiao, Savas Sonmezoglu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529943","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, research on the ferroelectric coupling photovoltaic effect has gained remarkable advances in enhancing the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, Fe‐doped Zn <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> SnO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ferroelectric thin films were produced at room temperature via the magnetron co‐sputtering method and employed as electron transport layers in planar based PSCs. The impact of various polarization directions on photovoltaic performance has been extensively examined. Diamagnetic Zn <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> SnO <jats:sub>4</jats:sub> thin films were effectively endowed with ferromagnetic characteristics by doping with iron as a “hard ferromagnetic element”. The incorporation of iron enhances spontaneous dipole polarization and reduces defects at the perovskite/ETL interface, leading to an impressive efficiency of over 23% with a perpendicular magnetic field, compared to 22% for control. The cells also exhibited remarkable operational stability, maintaining 97% after 600 h under continuous illumination at 85°C, and 91% of initial efficiency after 1000 h under a relative humidity environment. This work emphasizes the utilization of ferromagnetic electron transport layers for controlling spontaneous polarization and altering carrier dynamics in perovskite, which is crucial for achieving highly efficient PSCs with improved operational stability.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rapid charging triggers phase transitions and interfacial degradation, which results in rapid capacity fading in nickel‐rich layered oxide cathodes (LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2 , NCM) and restricts the realization of their high energy density advantages. Herein, a dual‐modification strategy is developed by employing the Wadsley–Roth phase fast ionic conductor NaNb 13 O 33 (NNO) to achieve simultaneous Nb bulk doping and the construction of an epitaxial coating on LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2 . The lattice‐matched NNO coating, featuring exceptionally wide interlayer spacing and robust structural stability, effectively suppresses phase‐induced structural degradation and enhances interfacial Li + kinetics. Combined analyses from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) reveal that the NNO epitaxial layer and Nb doping collaboratively mitigate unit cell volume changes and promote Li + diffusion, even under rigorous cycling conditions. Consequently, the optimized cathode (NCM@NNO‐2) delivers outstanding electrochemical stability, retaining 86.7% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at a high rate of 7C, and exhibits a high discharge capacity of 149.7 mAh g −1 at an ultrahigh rate of 10C. This work pioneers the atomic‐scale stabilization of NCM materials through lattice‐coherent coatings, offering a novel and effective avenue for designing high‐performance, fast‐charging battery cathodes.
快速充电触发相变和界面退化，导致富镍层状氧化物阴极（LiNi x Co y Mn z o2， NCM）的容量快速衰减，限制了其高能量密度优势的实现。本文采用Wadsley-Roth相快速离子导体NaNb 13o33 （NNO）的双改性策略，在LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O 2上同时实现了Nb体掺杂和外延涂层的构建。晶格匹配的NNO涂层具有极宽的层间距和强大的结构稳定性，有效地抑制了相诱导的结构降解，提高了界面Li +动力学。结合密度泛函理论（DFT）计算、原位X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和飞行时间二次离子质谱（TOF - SIMS）的分析表明，NNO外延层和Nb掺杂共同减缓了单元电池的体积变化，促进了Li +的扩散，即使在严格的循环条件下也是如此。因此，优化后的阴极（NCM@NNO‐2）具有出色的电化学稳定性，在7C的高倍率下，在300次循环后仍保持86.7%的初始容量，并且在10C的超高倍率下具有149.7 mAh g−1的高放电容量。该研究率先通过晶格相干涂层实现了NCM材料在原子尺度上的稳定，为设计高性能、快速充电的电池阴极提供了一种新颖有效的途径。
{"title":"Wadsley–Roth Phase Armored Ultra‐Stable Ni‐Rich Cathodes via Synergistic Interfacial Engineering","authors":"Jietian Liang, Dongliang Yan, Xingming Zhang, Ao Jiang, Shunmin Yi, Yanfei Zeng, Qifan Liu, Tonghan Yang, Ketong Luo, Longqing Li, Zhian Qiu, Renheng Wang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.75050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.75050","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid charging triggers phase transitions and interfacial degradation, which results in rapid capacity fading in nickel‐rich layered oxide cathodes (LiNi <jats:sub>x</jats:sub> Co <jats:sub>y</jats:sub> Mn <jats:sub>z</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , NCM) and restricts the realization of their high energy density advantages. Herein, a dual‐modification strategy is developed by employing the Wadsley–Roth phase fast ionic conductor NaNb <jats:sub>13</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>33</jats:sub> (NNO) to achieve simultaneous Nb bulk doping and the construction of an epitaxial coating on LiNi <jats:sub>0.8</jats:sub> Co <jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub> Mn <jats:sub>0.1</jats:sub> O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> . The lattice‐matched NNO coating, featuring exceptionally wide interlayer spacing and robust structural stability, effectively suppresses phase‐induced structural degradation and enhances interfacial Li <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> kinetics. Combined analyses from density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) reveal that the NNO epitaxial layer and Nb doping collaboratively mitigate unit cell volume changes and promote Li <jats:sup>+</jats:sup> diffusion, even under rigorous cycling conditions. Consequently, the optimized cathode (NCM@NNO‐2) delivers outstanding electrochemical stability, retaining 86.7% of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at a high rate of 7C, and exhibits a high discharge capacity of 149.7 mAh g <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> at an ultrahigh rate of 10C. This work pioneers the atomic‐scale stabilization of NCM materials through lattice‐coherent coatings, offering a novel and effective avenue for designing high‐performance, fast‐charging battery cathodes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiahui Dong, Xinyu Che, Huimin Xiang, Huiwen Shu, Hao Li, Yang Liu, Hui Huang, Zhenhui Kang, Mengling Zhang
The critical role of high‐performance catalytic devices in green technologies, from environmental remediation to sustainable energy, demands a transformation from materials to functional devices. In this study, we leverage carbon dots (CDs) to construct high‐performance and environmentally benign catalytic systems, motivated by their low toxicity, enzyme‐like activities, and tunable structures and properties. Specifically, CDs featuring a cyclic dipeptide structure and hydrolase‐like activity were immobilized in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form a fibrous membrane (CDs@PAN). Using the hydrolysis of p ‐nitrophenyl phosphate ( p NPP) as a model reaction, the CDs@PAN membrane demonstrated high efficiency ( Vm = 40.79 µM/h) in the hydrolysis of p NPP under mild, neutral conditions. Moreover, the membrane could be easily recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity. A practical catalytic device constructed with the CDs@PAN membrane achieved an 81.88% degradation rate within 72 h. Besides, the catalytic mechanism of the CDs@PAN membrane was explored, which revealed that the PAN matrix enhances substrate adsorption, thereby promoting stronger hydrogen bonding between CDs and substrate. This interaction effectively activates the P─O bond and facilitates efficient hydrolysis. Overall, this study provides a feasible strategy and a promising material platform for developing practical green catalytic technologies.
高性能催化装置在绿色技术中的关键作用，从环境修复到可持续能源，要求从材料到功能装置的转变。在这项研究中，我们利用碳点（cd）来构建高性能和环境友好的催化系统，其动机是其低毒性，酶样活性和可调的结构和性质。具体来说，具有环二肽结构和水解酶样活性的CDs被固定在聚丙烯腈（PAN）中形成纤维膜（CDs@PAN）。以对硝基苯磷酸（p - NPP）的水解为模型反应，CDs@PAN膜在温和的中性条件下水解p - NPP的效率很高（V m = 40.79µm /h）。此外，该膜可以很容易地回收和重复使用至少五次，而不会有明显的活性损失。用CDs@PAN膜构建的实用催化装置在72 h内降解率达到81.88%。此外，对CDs@PAN膜的催化机理进行了探索，发现PAN基质增强了底物的吸附，从而促进了CDs与底物之间更强的氢键。这种相互作用有效地激活了P─O键，促进了有效的水解。总的来说，本研究为开发实用的绿色催化技术提供了可行的策略和有前景的材料平台。
{"title":"A Green Catalytic Device Utilizing Carbon Dots as Hydrolase Mimetics for p ‐Nitrophenyl Phosphate Hydrolysis","authors":"Jiahui Dong, Xinyu Che, Huimin Xiang, Huiwen Shu, Hao Li, Yang Liu, Hui Huang, Zhenhui Kang, Mengling Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.75047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.75047","url":null,"abstract":"The critical role of high‐performance catalytic devices in green technologies, from environmental remediation to sustainable energy, demands a transformation from materials to functional devices. In this study, we leverage carbon dots (CDs) to construct high‐performance and environmentally benign catalytic systems, motivated by their low toxicity, enzyme‐like activities, and tunable structures and properties. Specifically, CDs featuring a cyclic dipeptide structure and hydrolase‐like activity were immobilized in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to form a fibrous membrane (CDs@PAN). Using the hydrolysis of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> ‐nitrophenyl phosphate ( <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> NPP) as a model reaction, the CDs@PAN membrane demonstrated high efficiency ( <jats:italic>V</jats:italic> <jats:sub>m</jats:sub> = 40.79 µM/h) in the hydrolysis of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> NPP under mild, neutral conditions. Moreover, the membrane could be easily recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity. A practical catalytic device constructed with the CDs@PAN membrane achieved an 81.88% degradation rate within 72 h. Besides, the catalytic mechanism of the CDs@PAN membrane was explored, which revealed that the PAN matrix enhances substrate adsorption, thereby promoting stronger hydrogen bonding between CDs and substrate. This interaction effectively activates the P─O bond and facilitates efficient hydrolysis. Overall, this study provides a feasible strategy and a promising material platform for developing practical green catalytic technologies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar‐driven cogeneration of freshwater and electricity addresses global water‐energy challenges but is hindered by complex fabrication and inefficient energy utilization. Herein, we propose a buried‐interface engineering strategy to ultrafast construct an all‐carbon fabric evaporator through a straightforward solution immersion process (<10 min), which is enabled by an O 2 plasma pretreatment that creates a superhydrophilic and oxygen‐functionalized buried interface on carbon cloth. The activated interface imparts a high surface charge and directs dense graphene nanosheets adsorption, forming a continuous network that provides abundant nanoconfined channels and enhanced electrical conductivity. The resulting hierarchical device delivers an evaporation rate of 2.62 kg m −2 h −1 with robust salt rejection and cycling stability, a solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of 159.5%, and an evaporation‐driven power density of 50.03 µW cm −2 . These achievements originate from the synergistic effects of the buried interface, which collectively enable efficient light absorption, rapid water transport, high zeta potential, effective electrical double layer overlap, and superior bulk conductivity. Outdoor experiments validate the durability of the cogeneration system, producing freshwater at ∼11.7 L m −2 day −1 while maintaining stable electricity generation. This work establishes a feasible and ultrafast strategy for constructing high‐performance cogeneration architectures, demonstrating the universal potential of buried‐interface engineering for scalable and sustainable water‐energy solutions.
太阳能驱动的淡水和电力热电联产解决了全球水能源挑战，但受到复杂的制造和低效的能源利用的阻碍。在此，我们提出了一种埋藏界面工程策略，通过直接的溶液浸泡过程（<；10分钟）超快速构建全碳织物蒸发器，这是通过o2等离子体预处理在碳布上形成超亲水性和氧功能化的埋藏界面实现的。激活的界面赋予高表面电荷并引导致密石墨烯纳米片吸附，形成一个连续的网络，提供丰富的纳米限制通道和增强的导电性。由此产生的分层装置的蒸发速率为2.62 kg m−2 h−1，具有强大的防盐性和循环稳定性，太阳能到水蒸气的转换效率为159.5%，蒸发驱动的功率密度为50.03µW cm−2。这些成就源于埋藏界面的协同效应，它们共同实现了高效的光吸收、快速的水输送、高zeta电位、有效的双电层重叠和卓越的体导电性。室外实验验证了热电联产系统的耐久性，在保持稳定发电的同时，以~ 11.7 L m−2 day−1的速度生产淡水。这项工作为构建高性能热电联产架构建立了一个可行的超快策略，展示了埋藏界面工程在可扩展和可持续的水能源解决方案中的普遍潜力。
{"title":"Buried‐Interface Engineering for Ultrafast Construction of All‐Carbon Fabric Toward Synergistic Water‐Electricity Cogeneration","authors":"Zihao Zhai, Xiang Li, Jieyi Chen, Bowen Ruan, Weicheng Sun, Haodong Yu, Kai Ye, Shengkang Liu, Huaming Liu, Qi Liu, Yufang Li, Hanyu Yao, Honglie Shen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530077","url":null,"abstract":"Solar‐driven cogeneration of freshwater and electricity addresses global water‐energy challenges but is hindered by complex fabrication and inefficient energy utilization. Herein, we propose a buried‐interface engineering strategy to ultrafast construct an all‐carbon fabric evaporator through a straightforward solution immersion process (<10 min), which is enabled by an O <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> plasma pretreatment that creates a superhydrophilic and oxygen‐functionalized buried interface on carbon cloth. The activated interface imparts a high surface charge and directs dense graphene nanosheets adsorption, forming a continuous network that provides abundant nanoconfined channels and enhanced electrical conductivity. The resulting hierarchical device delivers an evaporation rate of 2.62 kg m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> h <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> with robust salt rejection and cycling stability, a solar‐to‐vapor conversion efficiency of 159.5%, and an evaporation‐driven power density of 50.03 µW cm <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> . These achievements originate from the synergistic effects of the buried interface, which collectively enable efficient light absorption, rapid water transport, high zeta potential, effective electrical double layer overlap, and superior bulk conductivity. Outdoor experiments validate the durability of the cogeneration system, producing freshwater at ∼11.7 L m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> day <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> while maintaining stable electricity generation. This work establishes a feasible and ultrafast strategy for constructing high‐performance cogeneration architectures, demonstrating the universal potential of buried‐interface engineering for scalable and sustainable water‐energy solutions.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Li, Kezhan Zhao, Long Chen, Zhewei Huang, Shaokai Li, Qian Ma, Jian Wei You, Lianlin Li, Tie Jun Cui
Metamaterials and metasurfaces have revolutionized the electromagnetic (EM) wave control, and programmable metasurfaces enabled dynamic manipulation of wavefronts. However, the current programmable metasurfaces lack autonomous intelligence and rely heavily on manual control or pre‐specified rule sets, limiting the self‐adaptability in dynamic scenarios. Here, we propose an autonomous intelligent metasurface (AIM) that seamlessly integrates the programmable metasurface with the large language model (LLM)‐based reasoning, multimodal control, and closed‐loop feedback. Inspired by human cognition, AIM is structured into six functional modules to mimic the ear, brain, eye, hand, neuron, and mouth, which enable natural language interaction, environmental understanding, and autonomous EM manipulation. Notably, AIM supports integrated sensing and communication using widely‐used WiFi signals, realizing simultaneous data transmissions and real‐time human vital‐sign monitoring without modifying the communication protocols. Demonstrated in smart indoor settings, AIM can provide us with a transformative framework for intelligent and user‐driven EM interaction, with broad potential for future applications in smart homes, healthcare, and human‐machine interfaces.
{"title":"Autonomous Intelligent Metasurface for Wireless Communications and Contactless Human Sensing","authors":"Xinyu Li, Kezhan Zhao, Long Chen, Zhewei Huang, Shaokai Li, Qian Ma, Jian Wei You, Lianlin Li, Tie Jun Cui","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525849","url":null,"abstract":"Metamaterials and metasurfaces have revolutionized the electromagnetic (EM) wave control, and programmable metasurfaces enabled dynamic manipulation of wavefronts. However, the current programmable metasurfaces lack autonomous intelligence and rely heavily on manual control or pre‐specified rule sets, limiting the self‐adaptability in dynamic scenarios. Here, we propose an autonomous intelligent metasurface (AIM) that seamlessly integrates the programmable metasurface with the large language model (LLM)‐based reasoning, multimodal control, and closed‐loop feedback. Inspired by human cognition, AIM is structured into six functional modules to mimic the ear, brain, eye, hand, neuron, and mouth, which enable natural language interaction, environmental understanding, and autonomous EM manipulation. Notably, AIM supports integrated sensing and communication using widely‐used WiFi signals, realizing simultaneous data transmissions and real‐time human vital‐sign monitoring without modifying the communication protocols. Demonstrated in smart indoor settings, AIM can provide us with a transformative framework for intelligent and user‐driven EM interaction, with broad potential for future applications in smart homes, healthcare, and human‐machine interfaces.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuke Xu, Yi Zou, Jiabin Ye, Zhenyuan Lin, Chuiying Yang, Tao Lin, Hao Chen, Ziyu Huang, Lixuan Liu, Gengxu Chen, Huipeng Chen
In the contemporary landscape of accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) development, multi‐dimensional information recognition has emerged as a critical enabler for enhancing both data computational efficiency and decision‐making precision. However, traditional multi‐dimensional recognition architectures exhibit a fundamental reliance on extensive hardware arrays and complex circuit topologies, posing significant challenges to hardware integration and system‐level miniaturization for AI‐based recognition systems. Here, for the first time, we propose an in situ 4D neuromorphic transistor (I‐FNT) and design a 4D spatiotemporal recognition system based on I‐FNT. Through dynamic encoding of the input port voltages of I‐FNT, programmable switching among three recognition modes (grayscale, depth, and time) is achieved, enabling cross‐dimensional information perception. Compared to existing multi‐dimensional information recognition systems, our 4D spatiotemporal recognition system significantly simplifies hardware while achieving 100% device integration gain. The I‐FNT‐integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) harnesses spatial (depth) information to achieve breakthrough performance in object recognition: 122% higher training efficiency and 345% faster training speed relative to conventional architectures, while attaining 94% accuracy. The system simultaneously facilitates object motion trajectory recognition, demonstrating comprehensive spatiotemporal processing capabilities. Therefore, I‐FNT provides an efficient and accurate novel solution for multi‐dimensional information recognition, representing a significant breakthrough for intelligent sensing and AI‐based recognition systems.
{"title":"In‐Situ Four‐Dimensional Neuromorphic Transistors for Spatiotemporal Fusion Information Perception","authors":"Yuke Xu, Yi Zou, Jiabin Ye, Zhenyuan Lin, Chuiying Yang, Tao Lin, Hao Chen, Ziyu Huang, Lixuan Liu, Gengxu Chen, Huipeng Chen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202524468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524468","url":null,"abstract":"In the contemporary landscape of accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) development, multi‐dimensional information recognition has emerged as a critical enabler for enhancing both data computational efficiency and decision‐making precision. However, traditional multi‐dimensional recognition architectures exhibit a fundamental reliance on extensive hardware arrays and complex circuit topologies, posing significant challenges to hardware integration and system‐level miniaturization for AI‐based recognition systems. Here, for the first time, we propose an in situ 4D neuromorphic transistor (I‐FNT) and design a 4D spatiotemporal recognition system based on I‐FNT. Through dynamic encoding of the input port voltages of I‐FNT, programmable switching among three recognition modes (grayscale, depth, and time) is achieved, enabling cross‐dimensional information perception. Compared to existing multi‐dimensional information recognition systems, our 4D spatiotemporal recognition system significantly simplifies hardware while achieving 100% device integration gain. The I‐FNT‐integrated convolutional neural network (CNN) harnesses spatial (depth) information to achieve breakthrough performance in object recognition: 122% higher training efficiency and 345% faster training speed relative to conventional architectures, while attaining 94% accuracy. The system simultaneously facilitates object motion trajectory recognition, demonstrating comprehensive spatiotemporal processing capabilities. Therefore, I‐FNT provides an efficient and accurate novel solution for multi‐dimensional information recognition, representing a significant breakthrough for intelligent sensing and AI‐based recognition systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely applied for crop pest control, but human health and the environment are seriously threatened by their excessive use. Therefore, rapid detection of pesticide residues is of great importance. In this work, a flexible aptasensor was developed by integrating an indium oxide electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistor (EG‐FET) with a surface‐adhered DNA hydrogel obtained via rolling circle amplification (RCA) for in situ detection of OPs residues. The target pesticides were specifically recognized by the responsive DNA hydrogel, which underwent structural collapse and consequently modulated carrier depletion in the n‐type FET channel. Furthermore, a wireless detection device based on a dual‐channel potentiostat and a smartphone‐based human‐machine interface was established, enabling the detection of four OPs, including omethoate (OMT), phorate (PHO), isocarbophos (ICP), and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The EG‐FET aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship between signal response and pesticide concentration in the range of 1 pg/mL–10 ng/mL, with the limit of detection of 0.244, 0.273, 0.132, and 0.301 pg/mL, respectively. The developed device was characterized by compactness and low‐cost fabrication. This work proposes a new approach to detecting small‐molecule contaminants, opening avenues for transforming agricultural, food safety, and environmental monitoring from passive post‐event detection to active process control.
{"title":"Novel Flexible Wearable Field‐Effect Transistor Aptasensor with DNA Hydrogel for In Situ Wireless Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues","authors":"Rui Xu, Jingcheng Huang, Junhao Zhao, Shouyi Dou, Zhiheng Zhu, Zheng Shen, Heng Zhang, Lingjun Geng, Jiashuai Sun, Dianbin Su, Jicheng Zhao, Fangling Du, Xia Sun, Yemin Guo, Jianfeng Ping","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202523715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202523715","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely applied for crop pest control, but human health and the environment are seriously threatened by their excessive use. Therefore, rapid detection of pesticide residues is of great importance. In this work, a flexible aptasensor was developed by integrating an indium oxide electrolyte‐gated field‐effect transistor (EG‐FET) with a surface‐adhered DNA hydrogel obtained via rolling circle amplification (RCA) for in situ detection of OPs residues. The target pesticides were specifically recognized by the responsive DNA hydrogel, which underwent structural collapse and consequently modulated carrier depletion in the n‐type FET channel. Furthermore, a wireless detection device based on a dual‐channel potentiostat and a smartphone‐based human‐machine interface was established, enabling the detection of four OPs, including omethoate (OMT), phorate (PHO), isocarbophos (ICP), and chlorpyrifos (CPF). The EG‐FET aptasensor exhibited a good linear relationship between signal response and pesticide concentration in the range of 1 pg/mL–10 ng/mL, with the limit of detection of 0.244, 0.273, 0.132, and 0.301 pg/mL, respectively. The developed device was characterized by compactness and low‐cost fabrication. This work proposes a new approach to detecting small‐molecule contaminants, opening avenues for transforming agricultural, food safety, and environmental monitoring from passive post‐event detection to active process control.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yiyang He, Zihui Liang, Yang Li, Yong Wang, Lizhi Ren, Jin Qian, Kai Wang, Yong Li, Minyong Du, Haitao Luo, Dong Yang, Shengzhong Liu
Perovskite‐organic‐tandem photovoltaics (POT‐PVs) are a promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology, offering low‐cost solution processability, tunable bandgap alignment, and high subcell compatibility. However, the interconnect layer remains a major bottleneck due to (i) solvent‐induced degradation from the aqueous PEDOT:PSS used in organic subcells, (ii) poor energetic alignment and inefficient carrier recombination at the interface, and (iii) instability arising from insufficiently dense or chemically unstable interlayers. In this work, we address these challenges by engineering atomic layer deposited SnO 2 as the interconnect layer via temperature‐controlled crystallization, which tunes surface energy to expose low‐energy crystalline facets and modulates the film's stoichiometric composition. This chemi‐electronic control establishes an energetically well‐aligned and electrically benign heterojunction between the perovskite bottom cell and the organic top cell, forming a compact, chemically stable interface that supports robust top‐cell fabrication. As a result, without sacrificing the performance of the subcells, we demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 25.90% (certified 25.47%) for rigid POT‐PVs and 24.39% for flexible tandem devices, elevating the performance of flexible POT‐PVs to a level comparable to that of rigid, highlighting the promise of this strategy for high‐efficiency flexible photovoltaics. Meanwhile, the 1.80 eV perovskite subcell achieves a recorded efficiency of 20.58%, highlighting the compatibility of this work.
{"title":"Crystallographic and Stoichiometric Control of ALD‐SnO 2 Interconnects for Efficient Flexible Perovskite‐organic‐tandem Photovoltaics","authors":"Yiyang He, Zihui Liang, Yang Li, Yong Wang, Lizhi Ren, Jin Qian, Kai Wang, Yong Li, Minyong Du, Haitao Luo, Dong Yang, Shengzhong Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531732","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite‐organic‐tandem photovoltaics (POT‐PVs) are a promising next‐generation photovoltaic technology, offering low‐cost solution processability, tunable bandgap alignment, and high subcell compatibility. However, the interconnect layer remains a major bottleneck due to (i) solvent‐induced degradation from the aqueous PEDOT:PSS used in organic subcells, (ii) poor energetic alignment and inefficient carrier recombination at the interface, and (iii) instability arising from insufficiently dense or chemically unstable interlayers. In this work, we address these challenges by engineering atomic layer deposited SnO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> as the interconnect layer via temperature‐controlled crystallization, which tunes surface energy to expose low‐energy crystalline facets and modulates the film's stoichiometric composition. This chemi‐electronic control establishes an energetically well‐aligned and electrically benign heterojunction between the perovskite bottom cell and the organic top cell, forming a compact, chemically stable interface that supports robust top‐cell fabrication. As a result, without sacrificing the performance of the subcells, we demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 25.90% (certified 25.47%) for rigid POT‐PVs and 24.39% for flexible tandem devices, elevating the performance of flexible POT‐PVs to a level comparable to that of rigid, highlighting the promise of this strategy for high‐efficiency flexible photovoltaics. Meanwhile, the 1.80 eV perovskite subcell achieves a recorded efficiency of 20.58%, highlighting the compatibility of this work.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chen Huang, Shumao Qi, Lin Ma, Xiaoyan Huang, Xiaogang Xue, Ranran Wang, Jiaguang Han, Lu Xu, Bowu Zhang, Hongjuan Ma
Integrated marine resource utilization is vital for sustainable water, energy, and food supply. Herein, a solar‐powered system integrating dual‐functional fibrous mats (Ppy‐PAO NFs) with a spherical evaporation–condensation‐irrigation device (SECID) was developed for simultaneous uranium (U) extraction, freshwater production, and crop irrigation. The Ppy‐PAO NFs, prepared via vapor‐phase graft polymerization (VGP), exhibit enhanced U affinity and photothermal performance, achieving adsorption capacities of 15.13 mg/g (dark) and 16.37 mg/g (light) in simulated seawater, compared with pristine AO‐nanofibers representing increases of 11.41% and 20.54%, respectively, along with a pure water evaporation rate of 1.74 kg/(m 2 ·h). Within the integrated platform, freshwater yield reached 3.85 kg/(m 2 ·d), and Na, Mg, Ca, and U concentrations in the condensate decreased by 3–4 orders of magnitude, meeting WHO drinking water standards. The collected freshwater was automatically supplied to a cultivation unit, supporting the growth of various crops and enabling integrated water–uranium–food production. Performance projections indicate that a 12 100 m 2 marine platform could monthly extract 3.85 kg of U, produce 805.50 tons of freshwater, and yield 2.10 tons of vegetables, meeting the daily needs of 100 offshore personnel. This work offers a sustainable pathway for integrated marine water–uranium–food resource utilization.
{"title":"Engineering Dual‐Functional Polypyrrole‐Grafted Amidoxime‐Based Nanofibrous Adsorbent for an Integrated Solar‐Powered Water‐Uranium‐Food Nexus System","authors":"Chen Huang, Shumao Qi, Lin Ma, Xiaoyan Huang, Xiaogang Xue, Ranran Wang, Jiaguang Han, Lu Xu, Bowu Zhang, Hongjuan Ma","doi":"10.1002/adfm.75051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.75051","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated marine resource utilization is vital for sustainable water, energy, and food supply. Herein, a solar‐powered system integrating dual‐functional fibrous mats (Ppy‐PAO NFs) with a spherical evaporation–condensation‐irrigation device (SECID) was developed for simultaneous uranium (U) extraction, freshwater production, and crop irrigation. The Ppy‐PAO NFs, prepared via vapor‐phase graft polymerization (VGP), exhibit enhanced U affinity and photothermal performance, achieving adsorption capacities of 15.13 mg/g (dark) and 16.37 mg/g (light) in simulated seawater, compared with pristine AO‐nanofibers representing increases of 11.41% and 20.54%, respectively, along with a pure water evaporation rate of 1.74 kg/(m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ·h). Within the integrated platform, freshwater yield reached 3.85 kg/(m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> ·d), and Na, Mg, Ca, and U concentrations in the condensate decreased by 3–4 orders of magnitude, meeting WHO drinking water standards. The collected freshwater was automatically supplied to a cultivation unit, supporting the growth of various crops and enabling integrated water–uranium–food production. Performance projections indicate that a 12 100 m <jats:sup>2</jats:sup> marine platform could monthly extract 3.85 kg of U, produce 805.50 tons of freshwater, and yield 2.10 tons of vegetables, meeting the daily needs of 100 offshore personnel. This work offers a sustainable pathway for integrated marine water–uranium–food resource utilization.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The northern snakehead (Channa argus), an apex freshwater predator, possesses teeth that are a masterclass in biological design, achieving exceptional puncture resistance and autonomous self‐sharpening with minimalist material use. Here, through a multiscale investigation combining structural characterization, chemical mapping, and mechanical analysis, we decipher the key architectural principles underlying this evolutionary innovation. We reveal a thin enameloid cap with a functionally graded structure: a highly aligned, fluorapatite‐rich outer layer provides superior hardness (5.0 GPa), while a disordered inner layer enhances toughness through crack deflection. This efficient “hard‐soft” laminate is synergistically supported by a unique “mountain‐peak”‐shaped dentin‐enameloid junction (DEJ) that dissipates stress, and a dentin core reinforced with aligned collagen fibers and a hierarchical canal network for energy absorption. Crucially, we demonstrate that the tooth's physiological curvature is not merely morphological but functional, guiding asymmetric wear on the concave side to continuously regenerate a sharp apex—a mechanism directly visualized via in situ compression 3D tomography. This work establishes the northern snakehead tooth as a model for efficient puncture, offering fundamental design blueprints for the next generation of biomimetic materials, particularly for lightweight, self‐sharpening, and puncture‐resistant devices.
{"title":"A Blueprint for Self‐Sharpening: Optimized Geometric Design Coupled With Multiscale Architecture in Northern Snakehead Teeth","authors":"Junyan Guo, Ping Yuan, Xiangyin Pan, Zhuanfei Liu, Zeyao Fu, Yinbo Zhu, Zhengyi Fu, Zhaoyong Zou","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202532022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202532022","url":null,"abstract":"The northern snakehead (Channa argus), an apex freshwater predator, possesses teeth that are a masterclass in biological design, achieving exceptional puncture resistance and autonomous self‐sharpening with minimalist material use. Here, through a multiscale investigation combining structural characterization, chemical mapping, and mechanical analysis, we decipher the key architectural principles underlying this evolutionary innovation. We reveal a thin enameloid cap with a functionally graded structure: a highly aligned, fluorapatite‐rich outer layer provides superior hardness (5.0 GPa), while a disordered inner layer enhances toughness through crack deflection. This efficient “hard‐soft” laminate is synergistically supported by a unique “mountain‐peak”‐shaped dentin‐enameloid junction (DEJ) that dissipates stress, and a dentin core reinforced with aligned collagen fibers and a hierarchical canal network for energy absorption. Crucially, we demonstrate that the tooth's physiological curvature is not merely morphological but functional, guiding asymmetric wear on the concave side to continuously regenerate a sharp apex—a mechanism directly visualized via in situ compression 3D tomography. This work establishes the northern snakehead tooth as a model for efficient puncture, offering fundamental design blueprints for the next generation of biomimetic materials, particularly for lightweight, self‐sharpening, and puncture‐resistant devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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