Sen Zhang, Dan Zhao, Shuang Wu, Hao Cui, Yanhui Wang, Weiping Qin
Non-contact luminescence thermometry featuring high resolution and high sensitivity represents a crucial application of lanthanide upconversion materials. Nevertheless, primarily due to the thermal quenching (TQ) effect, traditional fluorides continue to present significant challenges in attaining real-time, high-sensitivity temperature sensing across a broad temperature spectrum. In this study, two thermometers are developed based on the thermal coupling energy levels (TCLs) and non-thermal coupling energy levels (NTCLs) of CaZrF6:3%Yb; 2%Er. Benefiting from the luminescence thermal enhancement induced by lattice thermal contraction, these ratio-type thermometers demonstrate the ability to operate within an extensive temperature range, spanning from relatively low to high temperatures (193 ∼ 793 K). TCLs and NTCLs display extraordinarily comparatively large relative sensitivity of 1.53 and 1.45% K−1 at room temperature. Most notably, based on NTCLs, the absolute sensitivity value consistently remains above 4.00 × 10−2 K−1 within the high-temperature range (393–793 K), and attains a maximum of 5.08 × 10−2 K−1 at 543 K, which is significantly higher than those of the vast majority of Yb3+/Er3+-doped optical temperature-measurement materials. These results offer a novel approach for the advancement of high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensor devices across a wide temperature range (Especially in high-temperature).
{"title":"A Wide-Range Dual-Mode Fluorescence Thermometry Based on RE3+-Doped Negative Thermal Expansion Bimetallic Perovskite With Anti-Thermal Quenching Luminescence Properties","authors":"Sen Zhang, Dan Zhao, Shuang Wu, Hao Cui, Yanhui Wang, Weiping Qin","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527103","url":null,"abstract":"Non-contact luminescence thermometry featuring high resolution and high sensitivity represents a crucial application of lanthanide upconversion materials. Nevertheless, primarily due to the thermal quenching (TQ) effect, traditional fluorides continue to present significant challenges in attaining real-time, high-sensitivity temperature sensing across a broad temperature spectrum. In this study, two thermometers are developed based on the thermal coupling energy levels (TCLs) and non-thermal coupling energy levels (NTCLs) of CaZrF<sub>6</sub>:3%Yb; 2%Er. Benefiting from the luminescence thermal enhancement induced by lattice thermal contraction, these ratio-type thermometers demonstrate the ability to operate within an extensive temperature range, spanning from relatively low to high temperatures (193 ∼ 793 K). TCLs and NTCLs display extraordinarily comparatively large relative sensitivity of 1.53 and 1.45% K<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature. Most notably, based on NTCLs, the absolute sensitivity value consistently remains above 4.00 × 10<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> within the high-temperature range (393–793 K), and attains a maximum of 5.08 × 10<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 543 K, which is significantly higher than those of the vast majority of Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup>-doped optical temperature-measurement materials. These results offer a novel approach for the advancement of high-sensitivity and high-resolution sensor devices across a wide temperature range (Especially in high-temperature).","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZnS electroluminescent (EL) fibers currently serve as a crucial component in smart wearable flexible electronic devices. While offering advantages such as excellent flexibility and low power consumption, these fibers still require external high-frequency power to excite luminescence, which limiting their potential in portible and wearable interaction applications. To address this challenge, triboelectric generators (TEG) are employed to effectively harvest electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. The TEG, inspired by origami structures, achieves a maximum output voltage of 228 V, current of 22 µA, and power density of 0.4 W m−2, maintaining excellent performance even after 50 000 compression cycles. The ZnS EL fibers with a coaxial structure of the dielectric and luminescent layers are realized via the microfluidic spinning technology, which has a special advantage in the precise control of the microstructure. Most importantly, a novel energy management circuit is proposed to convert TEG energy into high-frequency alternating current (AC) for driving the EL fibers, which possess a brightness of up to 150.88 cd m−2 under the lower output of TEG. Ultimately, a self-powered, highly luminous ZnS EL fiber with an integrated energy management circuit and TEG has been developed, which makes it possible to provide energy for luminescent fibers through the common mechanical friction.
ZnS电致发光（EL）光纤目前是智能可穿戴柔性电子器件的重要组成部分。虽然具有优异的灵活性和低功耗等优点，但这些纤维仍然需要外部高频功率来激发发光，这限制了它们在便携式和可穿戴交互应用中的潜力。为了应对这一挑战，摩擦发电机（TEG）被用来通过转换机械能来有效地收集电能。TEG的设计灵感来自折纸结构，最大输出电压为228 V，电流为22µa，功率密度为0.4 W m−2，即使经过5万次压缩循环也能保持优异的性能。采用微流控纺丝技术制备了具有介电层和发光层同轴结构的ZnS EL纤维，该技术在微观结构的精确控制方面具有特殊的优势。最重要的是，提出了一种新的能量管理电路，将TEG能量转换为高频交流电（AC）来驱动EL光纤，在TEG的低输出下，EL光纤的亮度高达150.88 cd m−2。最终，一种具有集成能量管理电路和TEG的自供电高发光ZnS EL光纤已经被开发出来，这使得通过常见的机械摩擦为发光纤维提供能量成为可能。
{"title":"Self-Powered High-Frequency Excited ZnS Electroluminescent Fibers for Wearable Visual Interaction","authors":"Zhenbo Yang, Chaoyu You, Xili Hu, Mingwei Tian, Lijun Qu, Xueji Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530370","url":null,"abstract":"ZnS electroluminescent (EL) fibers currently serve as a crucial component in smart wearable flexible electronic devices. While offering advantages such as excellent flexibility and low power consumption, these fibers still require external high-frequency power to excite luminescence, which limiting their potential in portible and wearable interaction applications. To address this challenge, triboelectric generators (TEG) are employed to effectively harvest electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. The TEG, inspired by origami structures, achieves a maximum output voltage of 228 V, current of 22 µA, and power density of 0.4 W m<sup>−2</sup>, maintaining excellent performance even after 50 000 compression cycles. The ZnS EL fibers with a coaxial structure of the dielectric and luminescent layers are realized via the microfluidic spinning technology, which has a special advantage in the precise control of the microstructure. Most importantly, a novel energy management circuit is proposed to convert TEG energy into high-frequency alternating current (AC) for driving the EL fibers, which possess a brightness of up to 150.88 cd m<sup>−2</sup> under the lower output of TEG. Ultimately, a self-powered, highly luminous ZnS EL fiber with an integrated energy management circuit and TEG has been developed, which makes it possible to provide energy for luminescent fibers through the common mechanical friction.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma catalysis realizes CO2 conversion under ambient conditions through the inelastic collision of high-energy electrons, but the continuous impact of high-energy electrons often leads to the excessive dissociation of formed intermediates. To address this limitation, we designed a biomimetic stoma-shell nanoarchitecture, inspired by natural leaves, to enhance the selectivity of C2+ products. Its microporous shell with vertically aligned pores, emulating natural leaf stomata, functions as a selective barrier that mitigates high-energy electron impact while maintaining reactant transport. Inside, a defect-rich mesoporous network with exposed copper sites promotes C─C coupling and stabilizes C2+ intermediates within confined catalytic spaces. This functional architecture redistributes the active species within the plasma catalytic zone, thereby suppressing undesired side reactions. Catalytic results showed a significant reversal in product selectivity between methanol and ethanol, with a 3-fold enhancement in ethanol selectivity over methanol from 24% to 65%. This work proposes an advanced functional materials design strategy that is broadly applicable to catalytic plasma-driven reactions, integrating electron impact tolerance with catalytic efficiency to direct the desired reaction pathway.
{"title":"Stoma-Shell Nanoarchitecture for Enhanced Plasma Confinement Catalysis in Synthesis of Ethanol from CO2","authors":"Nan Zou, Zhiliang Dong, Tsun-Kong Sham, Xiaonian Li, Ying Zheng, Ting Qiu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202522837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522837","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma catalysis realizes CO<sub>2</sub> conversion under ambient conditions through the inelastic collision of high-energy electrons, but the continuous impact of high-energy electrons often leads to the excessive dissociation of formed intermediates. To address this limitation, we designed a biomimetic stoma-shell nanoarchitecture, inspired by natural leaves, to enhance the selectivity of C<sub>2+</sub> products. Its microporous shell with vertically aligned pores, emulating natural leaf stomata, functions as a selective barrier that mitigates high-energy electron impact while maintaining reactant transport. Inside, a defect-rich mesoporous network with exposed copper sites promotes C─C coupling and stabilizes C<sub>2+</sub> intermediates within confined catalytic spaces. This functional architecture redistributes the active species within the plasma catalytic zone, thereby suppressing undesired side reactions. Catalytic results showed a significant reversal in product selectivity between methanol and ethanol, with a 3-fold enhancement in ethanol selectivity over methanol from 24% to 65%. This work proposes an advanced functional materials design strategy that is broadly applicable to catalytic plasma-driven reactions, integrating electron impact tolerance with catalytic efficiency to direct the desired reaction pathway.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) demonstrates innovative potential in mitigating global water scarcity through efficient vapor capture by means of adsorbent materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent water vapor adsorbents at low humidity. However, MOF as adsorbents in powder form often triggers agglomeration and limits practical application. It remains challenging to design robust materials for water harvesting to date. Here, we present a strategy to design bioinspired honeycomb-networked spindle-knotted water molecule capturing fiber mesh on large scale (i.e., BMCM), based on MOF and thermo-responsive gel polymer using a biomimetic interfacial assembly method. The honeycomb-networked spindle-knots of BMCM achieve unique capabilities that regulate the morphology of MOF nanocrystals to expand the water-molecule sites and favor water uptake, along with thermo-responsive switching between water uptake (e.g., <30°C) and release (e.g., >30°C). The BMCM exhibits thereby robust water uptake capabilities of ≈0.56–1.05 g g−1 at 30–80% relative humidity (RH), taking a short time rather than others. After reaching its saturation adsorption capacity at 30% RH, it can release ≈0.53 g g−1 of moisture within 30 min under one solar irradiation, with a water release capacity as high as 95%. As for BMCM on large scale outdoor, water production rate reaches ≈3.41 L/kg/day on average after 5-day cycles in atmospheric air condition. This study provides an insight into the designing of next-generation AWH materials, which would be extended into applications, e.g., water engineering in industry, outdoor portable system or devices, etc.
基于吸附的大气集水技术（AWH）通过利用吸附材料进行有效的蒸汽捕获，展示了在缓解全球水资源短缺方面的创新潜力。金属有机骨架（mof）是低湿条件下优良的水蒸气吸附剂。然而，MOF作为粉末形式的吸附剂经常引发团聚，限制了实际应用。迄今为止，设计用于集水的坚固材料仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们提出了一种基于MOF和热敏凝胶聚合物，采用仿生界面组装方法设计大规模生物蜂窝网络纺锤结水分子捕获纤维网（即BMCM）的策略。BMCM的蜂窝状网络纺锤结具有独特的功能，可以调节MOF纳米晶体的形态，扩大水分子位点，有利于水的吸收，以及在水的吸收（例如30°C）和释放（例如30°C）之间的热响应切换。因此，在30-80%相对湿度（RH）条件下，BMCM表现出较强的吸水能力，吸水时间较短，为≈0.56-1.05 g g−1。在30% RH下达到饱和吸附量后，在一次太阳照射下，30 min内可释放≈0.53 g g−1的水分，水分释放量高达95%。大型室外BMCM在大气条件下，经过5 d循环，平均产水量达到≈3.41 L/kg/d。本研究为下一代水处理材料的设计提供了新的思路，并将其扩展到工业水工程、户外便携式系统或设备等应用领域。
{"title":"Excellent Honeycomb-Networked MOF-Spindle-Knotted Fiber Mesh for High-Efficiently Water Capturing","authors":"Huijie Wei, Chang Gao, Lingmei Zhu, Maolin Zhou, Tiance Zhang, Qiang Luo, Boyang Tian, Jianhua Wang, Yongping Hou, Yongmei Zheng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527414","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) demonstrates innovative potential in mitigating global water scarcity through efficient vapor capture by means of adsorbent materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent water vapor adsorbents at low humidity. However, MOF as adsorbents in powder form often triggers agglomeration and limits practical application. It remains challenging to design robust materials for water harvesting to date. Here, we present a strategy to design bioinspired honeycomb-networked spindle-knotted water molecule capturing fiber mesh on large scale (i.e., BMCM), based on MOF and thermo-responsive gel polymer using a biomimetic interfacial assembly method. The honeycomb-networked spindle-knots of BMCM achieve unique capabilities that regulate the morphology of MOF nanocrystals to expand the water-molecule sites and favor water uptake, along with thermo-responsive switching between water uptake (e.g., <30°C) and release (e.g., >30°C). The BMCM exhibits thereby robust water uptake capabilities of ≈0.56–1.05 g g<sup>−1</sup> at 30–80% relative humidity (RH), taking a short time rather than others. After reaching its saturation adsorption capacity at 30% RH, it can release ≈0.53 g g<sup>−1</sup> of moisture within 30 min under one solar irradiation, with a water release capacity as high as 95%. As for BMCM on large scale outdoor, water production rate reaches ≈3.41 L/kg/day on average after 5-day cycles in atmospheric air condition. This study provides an insight into the designing of next-generation AWH materials, which would be extended into applications, e.g., water engineering in industry, outdoor portable system or devices, etc.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filtering lithium-ion capacitors (FLICs) are promising next-generation miniaturized components that integrate high-density energy storage with alternating current (AC) line filtering for advanced compact electronic systems. However, a fundamental trade-off between charge-storage capacity and ion/electron transport kinetics, constrained by sluggish anode kinetics in LICs remains a key bottleneck for simultaneously achieving both functions. Herein, a novel LIC that integrates high energy storage and AC line filtering by employing flexible ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) nanofilms to overcome the transport bottleneck. Strong acid catalyzed highly-crystalline TpPa-SO3H anode nanofilms facilitate rapid Li+ relay transmission, while thickness-dependent DHPATG cathode nanofilms offer abundant active sites for high-capacity storage. This complementary pairing ensures well-matched electrode kinetics and capacity, thereby bridging the long-standing performance gap in LICs. This DHPATG//TpPa-SO3H LIC device exhibits a remarkable energy density of 363.2 mWh cm−3 at 6 W cm−3, along with a high volume capacitance of 1.31 F cm−3 under AC conditions and a phase angle of −71° at 120 Hz. Moreover, the device also effectively converts diverse AC input signals into direct current (DC) outputs, comparable to commercial AEC. This work exploits new iCOF-enabled energy storage and AC filtering devices, offering a viable alternative for miniaturized electronics and energy harvesting systems.
滤波锂离子电容器（FLICs）是有前途的下一代小型化元件，它将高密度能量存储与交流（AC）线路滤波集成在先进的紧凑型电子系统中。然而，电荷存储容量和离子/电子传输动力学之间的基本权衡，受到锂离子电池中缓慢的阳极动力学的限制，仍然是同时实现这两个功能的关键瓶颈。本文采用柔性离子共价有机框架（iCOF）纳米膜，设计了一种集成了高能量存储和交流线路滤波的新型LIC，克服了传输瓶颈。强酸催化的高结晶TpPa-SO3H阳极纳米膜促进了Li+的快速接力传输，而厚度依赖的DHPATG阴极纳米膜为高容量存储提供了丰富的活性位点。这种互补的配对确保了良好匹配的电极动力学和容量，从而弥合了锂离子电池长期存在的性能差距。该DHPATG//TpPa-SO3H LIC器件在6 W cm−3时具有363.2 mWh cm−3的能量密度，在交流条件下具有1.31 F cm−3的高体积电容，在120 Hz时相位角为- 71°。此外，该器件还能有效地将各种交流输入信号转换为直流（DC）输出，与商用AEC相当。这项工作开发了新的icof储能和交流滤波装置，为小型化电子和能量收集系统提供了可行的替代方案。
{"title":"Bridging the Energy-Filtering Gap in Filtering Lithium-Ion Capacitors with Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilms","authors":"Xiaoyang Xu, Hong Chen, Zihao Zhang, Xiangjing Zhang, Kaiwei Yang, Yue Wang, Shanlin Qiao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.74416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.74416","url":null,"abstract":"Filtering lithium-ion capacitors (FLICs) are promising next-generation miniaturized components that integrate high-density energy storage with alternating current (AC) line filtering for advanced compact electronic systems. However, a fundamental trade-off between charge-storage capacity and ion/electron transport kinetics, constrained by sluggish anode kinetics in LICs remains a key bottleneck for simultaneously achieving both functions. Herein, a novel LIC that integrates high energy storage and AC line filtering by employing flexible ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) nanofilms to overcome the transport bottleneck. Strong acid catalyzed highly-crystalline TpPa-SO<sub>3</sub>H anode nanofilms facilitate rapid Li<sup>+</sup> relay transmission, while thickness-dependent DHPATG cathode nanofilms offer abundant active sites for high-capacity storage. This complementary pairing ensures well-matched electrode kinetics and capacity, thereby bridging the long-standing performance gap in LICs. This DHPATG//TpPa-SO<sub>3</sub>H LIC device exhibits a remarkable energy density of 363.2 mWh cm<sup>−3</sup> at 6 W cm<sup>−3</sup>, along with a high volume capacitance of 1.31 F cm<sup>−3</sup> under AC conditions and a phase angle of −71° at 120 Hz. Moreover, the device also effectively converts diverse AC input signals into direct current (DC) outputs, comparable to commercial AEC. This work exploits new iCOF-enabled energy storage and AC filtering devices, offering a viable alternative for miniaturized electronics and energy harvesting systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nagaraju Goli, Stefano Tagliaferri, Lifu Zhang, Yeonkyung Lee, Haoyu Bai, Luis E. Salinas-Farran, Joshua N. Rasera, Siyuan Deng, Evan Fisher, Matteo Massetti, Maria Sokolikova, Cecilia Mattevi
Printed zinc-ion batteries (ZnIBs) hold significant promise for micro-energy storage systems, particularly for powering the Internet of Things (IoT). However, their practical viability is limited by short shelf-life and poor cycling stability, arising from interfacial degradation, dendrite formation, parasitic side reactions on the Zn anode, and dissolution of cathode material. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling robust and long-lasting ZnIBs for energy-autonomous devices. Here, we report a durable, fully printed Zn-ion microbattery based on aqueous-ink-manufactured microelectrodes, featuring graphene platelets decorated micron-sized zinc powder (Gr-µZn) anode and a nitrogen-doped carbon@manganese oxide (MnO@NC) composite cathode. The printed Gr-µZn architecture ensures adequate electrical conductivity (2.6 Ω), uniform Zn deposition with low overpotentials (∼50 mV at 1 mA/cm2 after 500 h), good structural integrity and stable operation with low polarization. Furthermore, the fully printed ZnIB exhibits an areal capacity of 1.5 mAh/cm2 (99.8 mAh/g) and an energy density of 2 mWh/cm2, along with an extended shelf-life, which are competitive. To demonstrate practical feasibility, we powered a wearable heart-rate sensor using a printed ZnIBs, which delivered a stable output voltage with ∼70 h of continuous operation. Our work demonstrates a scalable and sustainable platform for high-performance printed ZnIBs, advancing their integration into self-powered health monitoring devices.
{"title":"A Printed Zinc-Ion Microbattery with Extended Shelf Life and Durability for Energy Autonomous Sensors","authors":"Nagaraju Goli, Stefano Tagliaferri, Lifu Zhang, Yeonkyung Lee, Haoyu Bai, Luis E. Salinas-Farran, Joshua N. Rasera, Siyuan Deng, Evan Fisher, Matteo Massetti, Maria Sokolikova, Cecilia Mattevi","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531995","url":null,"abstract":"Printed zinc-ion batteries (ZnIBs) hold significant promise for micro-energy storage systems, particularly for powering the Internet of Things (IoT). However, their practical viability is limited by short shelf-life and poor cycling stability, arising from interfacial degradation, dendrite formation, parasitic side reactions on the Zn anode, and dissolution of cathode material. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling robust and long-lasting ZnIBs for energy-autonomous devices. Here, we report a durable, fully printed Zn-ion microbattery based on aqueous-ink-manufactured microelectrodes, featuring graphene platelets decorated micron-sized zinc powder (Gr-µZn) anode and a nitrogen-doped carbon@manganese oxide (MnO@NC) composite cathode. The printed Gr-µZn architecture ensures adequate electrical conductivity (2.6 Ω), uniform Zn deposition with low overpotentials (∼50 mV at 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> after 500 h), good structural integrity and stable operation with low polarization. Furthermore, the fully printed ZnIB exhibits an areal capacity of 1.5 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup> (99.8 mAh/g) and an energy density of 2 mWh/cm<sup>2</sup>, along with an extended shelf-life, which are competitive. To demonstrate practical feasibility, we powered a wearable heart-rate sensor using a printed ZnIBs, which delivered a stable output voltage with ∼70 h of continuous operation. Our work demonstrates a scalable and sustainable platform for high-performance printed ZnIBs, advancing their integration into self-powered health monitoring devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Targeting the CD47–SIRPα axis holds substantial therapeutic promise, however, its clinical translation has been hampered by dose-limiting hematotoxicity and poor intratumoral delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe an integrated bioengineering platform that simultaneously resolves both challenges. We engineered a biomimetic SIRPα-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that operates via an avidity-driven mechanism, enabling it to functionally discriminate the high-density CD47 presentation on tumor cells from the low-density distribution on erythrocytes. When delivered intratumorally as mRNA via peptide-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), this system achieves selective, spatially confined reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (CAR-TAMs). Mechanistically, this reprogramming is profound, underpinned by a STAT1/IRF1-driven transcriptomic shift and a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis. Functionally, this transforms TAMs into dual-action effectors that not only mediate direct phagocytosis but also orchestrate a robust CD8⁺ T-cell influx, converting the tumor from immunologically “cold” to “hot”. In a syngeneic solid tumor model expressing human CD47, this resulted in marked tumor regression and prolonged survival, while safety evaluation revealed no treatment-related hematological or systemic toxicity. This work establishes a safe and translatable blueprint for in situ cell immunotherapy, providing an integrated solution to the foundational roadblocks of targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.
{"title":"Biomimetic SIRPα–CAR Engineering for In Situ Macrophage Reprogramming and Potent Solid Tumor Immunotherapy","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Jia Fu, Yucheng Fu, Yifan Lv, Wen Wu, Ruilin Li, Hongchen Gu, Jingxing Yang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527483","url":null,"abstract":"Targeting the CD47–SIRPα axis holds substantial therapeutic promise, however, its clinical translation has been hampered by dose-limiting hematotoxicity and poor intratumoral delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe an integrated bioengineering platform that simultaneously resolves both challenges. We engineered a biomimetic SIRPα-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that operates via an avidity-driven mechanism, enabling it to functionally discriminate the high-density CD47 presentation on tumor cells from the low-density distribution on erythrocytes. When delivered intratumorally as mRNA via peptide-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), this system achieves selective, spatially confined reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (CAR-TAMs). Mechanistically, this reprogramming is profound, underpinned by a STAT1/IRF1-driven transcriptomic shift and a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis. Functionally, this transforms TAMs into dual-action effectors that not only mediate direct phagocytosis but also orchestrate a robust CD8⁺ T-cell influx, converting the tumor from immunologically “cold” to “hot”. In a syngeneic solid tumor model expressing human CD47, this resulted in marked tumor regression and prolonged survival, while safety evaluation revealed no treatment-related hematological or systemic toxicity. This work establishes a safe and translatable blueprint for in situ cell immunotherapy, providing an integrated solution to the foundational roadblocks of targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jisung Seo, Soo Ho Choi, Qi Chen, Seunghee Park, Il Jeon, Hyunseok Kim
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have opened new pathways for 3D thin-film crystal engineering by overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional heteroepitaxy. Their atomically thin van der Waals surfaces enable interfacial interactions fundamentally distinct from those in 3D material systems, allowing the realization of crystal lattices, strain states, defect properties, and reconfigurable architectures unattainable with conventional epitaxy. Despite this promise, a critical gap remains in understanding and harnessing the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering. Most studies have focused on thin film growth above 2D layers for enhancing the crystallinity and heterogeneous integrability, whereas the equally powerful regimes below and between 2D materials remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce crystal engineering pathways spanning ‘above (3D on 2D)’, ‘below (3D beneath 2D)’, and ‘between (3D confined within 2D layers)’ 2D layers, highlighting how these regimes collectively enable new crystals and interfaces largely inaccessible through conventional growth techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of underlying mechanisms, experimental demonstrations, and remaining challenges, we provide a perspective on unlocking the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering for thin-film growth and extending it into new regimes of mixed-dimensional heterostructures.
{"title":"Crystal Engineering Pathways Above, Below, and Between 2D Materials","authors":"Jisung Seo, Soo Ho Choi, Qi Chen, Seunghee Park, Il Jeon, Hyunseok Kim","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529607","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) materials have opened new pathways for 3D thin-film crystal engineering by overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional heteroepitaxy. Their atomically thin van der Waals surfaces enable interfacial interactions fundamentally distinct from those in 3D material systems, allowing the realization of crystal lattices, strain states, defect properties, and reconfigurable architectures unattainable with conventional epitaxy. Despite this promise, a critical gap remains in understanding and harnessing the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering. Most studies have focused on thin film growth above 2D layers for enhancing the crystallinity and heterogeneous integrability, whereas the equally powerful regimes below and between 2D materials remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce crystal engineering pathways spanning ‘above (3D on 2D)’, ‘below (3D beneath 2D)’, and ‘between (3D confined within 2D layers)’ 2D layers, highlighting how these regimes collectively enable new crystals and interfaces largely inaccessible through conventional growth techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of underlying mechanisms, experimental demonstrations, and remaining challenges, we provide a perspective on unlocking the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering for thin-film growth and extending it into new regimes of mixed-dimensional heterostructures.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"385 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
De-Long Li, Jin Yu, Ke-Yu Lan, Mei-Yue Chen, Chun-Yan Liu, Ling Xu, Hua-Dong Huang, Zhong-Ming Li
The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all-organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy–enthalpy–driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low-molecular-weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as “molecular brakes”, are incorporated into a maleic-anhydride-functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well-developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120°C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm−3 with 96.2% charge–discharge efficiency at 715 MV m−1. This entropy–enthalpy-guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat-resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry-compatible materials.
{"title":"An Entropy–Enthalpy-Guided Molecular-Brake Strategy for High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage","authors":"De-Long Li, Jin Yu, Ke-Yu Lan, Mei-Yue Chen, Chun-Yan Liu, Ling Xu, Hua-Dong Huang, Zhong-Ming Li","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202532061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202532061","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all-organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy–enthalpy–driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low-molecular-weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as “molecular brakes”, are incorporated into a maleic-anhydride-functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well-developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120°C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm<sup>−3</sup> with 96.2% charge–discharge efficiency at 715 MV m<sup>−1</sup>. This entropy–enthalpy-guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat-resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry-compatible materials.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shah Qasim Jan, Rajeswari Roy Chowdhury, Noah Schulz, Ayomipo Israel Ojo, María González de la Vega, Jesús A. Blanco, Pedro Gorria, Darío A. Arena, Hariharan Srikanth
While broadband electromagnetic (EM) loss mechanisms have critical implications for both electromagnetic absorbers and magnetic hyperthermia, integrating diverse loss channels into single material architecture remains a key challenge for next-generation multifunctional composites. Herein, we introduce carbon confinement of Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles (CFO@C) as a design principle to simultaneously address the performance-processability trade-off for broadband functionality. Mesoporous activated carbon acts as a reactive template that constrains CFO nanoparticle growth (<span data-altimg="/cms/asset/cff1994e-1856-4df9-8836-04786094d711/adfm74340-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="1" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children="5,7" data-semantic-content="0" data-semantic- data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-speech="tilde 8 n m" data-semantic-type="relseq"><mjx-mrow data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="empty"></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="relseq,∼" data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-type="relation" rspace="5" space="5"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mspace style="width: 0.33em;"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:unit" data-semantic-children="2,4" data-semantic-content="6" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="implicit" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="integer" data-semantic-type="number"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic-added="true" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop," data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="multiplication" data-semantic-type="operator" style="margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow><mjx-mspace style="width: 0.33em;"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:1616301X:media:adfm74340:adfm74340-math-0001" display="inline" location="graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-="" data-semantic-children="5,7" data-semantic-content="0" data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-speech="tilde 8 n m" data-semantic-type="relseq"><mrow data-semantic-="" data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="empty"></mrow><mo data-semantic-="" data-semantic-operator="relseq,∼" data-semanti
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