Light, adaptable, and distributed power sources are essential for materializing various wearable devices and popularizing Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. While triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising solution of wearable energy, many existing fabric-based TENGs (f-TENGs) face challenges in terms of weight, environmental adaptability, and scalable manufacturing. Here, we report a unitary, waterproof, and industrially compatible f-TENG that efficiently harvests energy from diverse natural and biomechanical sources, including rain, wind, and human motion, while functioning as a self-powered sensor and human–machine interface. The f-TENG incorporates sueding-treated polyethylene and nylon fabrics with spray-coated silicone rubber particles to enhance charge transfer, alongside a porous polyurethane spacer that optimizes compressibility and contact–separation efficiency. This design reduces device weight by over 8 times compared to previous systems while achieving higher electrical output (315 V open-circuit voltage and 118 mW/m2 power density). Critically, all fabrication processes align with standard industrial textile manufacturing, ensuring scalability and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrate applications in health monitoring, speech recognition, interactive controls, and sports training, providing a new direction for fabricating lightweight and cost-effective multifunctional TENGs, and highlighting the potential of the f-TENG to enable future generations of self-powered e-textiles and sustainable wearable systems.
{"title":"Scalable, Lightweight, and Waterproof Unitary Fabric Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Bio- and Natural Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing","authors":"Pengfei Chen, Wei-Chen Peng, Wei-Chun Yang, Shu-Wei Wang, Yan-Cheng Wu, Shi-Hong Chen, Yi-Lin Huang, Cheng-Hung Tsai, Hong-Wei Lu, Xudong Wang, Ying-Chih Lai","doi":"10.1002/adfm.74388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.74388","url":null,"abstract":"Light, adaptable, and distributed power sources are essential for materializing various wearable devices and popularizing Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. While triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a promising solution of wearable energy, many existing fabric-based TENGs (f-TENGs) face challenges in terms of weight, environmental adaptability, and scalable manufacturing. Here, we report a unitary, waterproof, and industrially compatible f-TENG that efficiently harvests energy from diverse natural and biomechanical sources, including rain, wind, and human motion, while functioning as a self-powered sensor and human–machine interface. The f-TENG incorporates sueding-treated polyethylene and nylon fabrics with spray-coated silicone rubber particles to enhance charge transfer, alongside a porous polyurethane spacer that optimizes compressibility and contact–separation efficiency. This design reduces device weight by over 8 times compared to previous systems while achieving higher electrical output (315 V open-circuit voltage and 118 mW/m<sup>2</sup> power density). Critically, all fabrication processes align with standard industrial textile manufacturing, ensuring scalability and cost-effectiveness. We demonstrate applications in health monitoring, speech recognition, interactive controls, and sports training, providing a new direction for fabricating lightweight and cost-effective multifunctional TENGs, and highlighting the potential of the f-TENG to enable future generations of self-powered e-textiles and sustainable wearable systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoxuan Qu, Yifeng Du, Chengzhuan Gong, Jinming Guo, Xuebin Zhu, Bingbing Yang
Antiferroelectrics are promising for high-energy-density storage owing to their characteristic double hysteresis loops. However, their performance is severely limited by their antiferroelectricity instability, low breakdown strength, and high hysteretic loss. This study proposes a performance optimization strategy based on polymorphic polar order engineering. By the introduction of LaScO3 nonpolar end-member into antiferroelectric PbHfO3, the long-range antipolar orders were disrupted and thus establish a polymorphic polar configuration, combining short-range antipolar orders and disordered nonpolar regions. This structure, directly observed via atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, simultaneously delays the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition field, depresses the field-induced hysteretic loss, and improves the breakdown field. Consequently, the optimized polymorphic PbHfO3−based relaxor antiferroelectric achieves a high energy density of 100.3 J cm−3 and efficiency of 76.3%, rivaling the advanced antiferroelectrics. Moreover, the films demonstrate exceptional stability under a broad temperature (−100°C to 200°C) and frequency (1–100 kHz) ranges, as well as extended cycling (up to 108 cycles). This work not only elucidates the microscopic mechanism of polymorphic polar order in optimizing antiferroelectric energy storage performance but also provides a novel design strategy for antiferroelectrics that integrates high energy density, high efficiency, and superior reliability.
{"title":"Polymorphic Polar Ordering Engineered Relaxor Antiferroelectric for High Energy Storage Performance","authors":"Xiaoxuan Qu, Yifeng Du, Chengzhuan Gong, Jinming Guo, Xuebin Zhu, Bingbing Yang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202528621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202528621","url":null,"abstract":"Antiferroelectrics are promising for high-energy-density storage owing to their characteristic double hysteresis loops. However, their performance is severely limited by their antiferroelectricity instability, low breakdown strength, and high hysteretic loss. This study proposes a performance optimization strategy based on polymorphic polar order engineering. By the introduction of LaScO<sub>3</sub> nonpolar end-member into antiferroelectric PbHfO<sub>3</sub>, the long-range antipolar orders were disrupted and thus establish a polymorphic polar configuration, combining short-range antipolar orders and disordered nonpolar regions. This structure, directly observed via atomic-scale scanning transmission electron microscopy, simultaneously delays the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition field, depresses the field-induced hysteretic loss, and improves the breakdown field. Consequently, the optimized polymorphic PbHfO<sub>3</sub>−based relaxor antiferroelectric achieves a high energy density of 100.3 J cm<sup>−</sup><sup>3</sup> and efficiency of 76.3%, rivaling the advanced antiferroelectrics. Moreover, the films demonstrate exceptional stability under a broad temperature (−100°C to 200°C) and frequency (1–100 kHz) ranges, as well as extended cycling (up to 10<sup>8</sup> cycles). This work not only elucidates the microscopic mechanism of polymorphic polar order in optimizing antiferroelectric energy storage performance but also provides a novel design strategy for antiferroelectrics that integrates high energy density, high efficiency, and superior reliability.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wen Zhang, Yu Zhou, Xinhao Sun, Shuo Chen, Qinxue Nie, Yangyang Li, Weixin Huang, Seda Karaboğa, Emrah Ozensoy, Baoqi Yin, Yuanxu Liu
Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures are widely used for light energy conversion in photocatalysis. However, the challenges in utilizing the photogenerated charges and light-induced photocatalyst instability often result in poor photocatalytic performance. Herein, we investigate tailoring of the local photocatalyst environment and promotion of the charge carrier transfer to increase the reactivity and stability of Aun/Cu-TiO2 photocatalyst in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under UVA illumination via in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. The interfacial interaction between Au NCs and TiO2 is regulated by precisely-anchored Cu single atoms (SAs) acting as electron acceptors, which can facilitate electron transfer from TiO2 domains to Au NCs, thereby increasing the electron density of Au NCs, expedite electron capture, and enhance hydrogen production efficiency. As a result, Aun/Cu-TiO2 exhibits 16.67 mmol·g−1·h−1 H2 production rate, 22.7% apparent quantum yield, excellent photocatalytic stability, and recyclability under UVA light irradiation. This work offers novel insights into the rational design of semiconductor photocatalysts promoted with metal NCs and SAs, highlighting the cooperation effect in high photocatalytic performance.
{"title":"Cu Single Atom Stabilized Au Nanoclusters on TiO2 for Efficient Hydrogen Production","authors":"Wen Zhang, Yu Zhou, Xinhao Sun, Shuo Chen, Qinxue Nie, Yangyang Li, Weixin Huang, Seda Karaboğa, Emrah Ozensoy, Baoqi Yin, Yuanxu Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530187","url":null,"abstract":"Metal nanoclusters (NCs) with atomically precise structures are widely used for light energy conversion in photocatalysis. However, the challenges in utilizing the photogenerated charges and light-induced photocatalyst instability often result in poor photocatalytic performance. Herein, we investigate tailoring of the local photocatalyst environment and promotion of the charge carrier transfer to increase the reactivity and stability of Au<i><sub>n</sub></i>/Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water under UVA illumination via in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations. The interfacial interaction between Au NCs and TiO<sub>2</sub> is regulated by precisely-anchored Cu single atoms (SAs) acting as electron acceptors, which can facilitate electron transfer from TiO<sub>2</sub> domains to Au NCs, thereby increasing the electron density of Au NCs, expedite electron capture, and enhance hydrogen production efficiency. As a result, Au<i><sub>n</sub></i>/Cu-TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits 16.67 mmol·g<sup>−1</sup>·h<sup>−1</sup> H<sub>2</sub> production rate, 22.7% apparent quantum yield, excellent photocatalytic stability, and recyclability under UVA light irradiation. This work offers novel insights into the rational design of semiconductor photocatalysts promoted with metal NCs and SAs, highlighting the cooperation effect in high photocatalytic performance.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Tao, Shuai Zhang, Dongyang Shi, A Yulong, Yi Zhang, Chuanpan Guo, Weihua Zhao, Miao Du, Jiameng Liu, Zhihong Zhang
The electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (eNOR) offers a sustainable route for nitrate (NO3‒) synthesis, yet its practical application is limited by sluggish intermediate formation kinetics. Although •OH generated during water oxidation can promote the formation of the key *NOH intermediate, the cooperative mechanism between •OH and catalytic sites remains insufficiently understood. Herein, a spin-state modulation strategy is proposed to enhance *NOH generation under simulated solar irradiation, thereby markedly improving the NO3‒ yield and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the eNOR. A heterojunction catalyst consisting of CoMo-based layered double hydroxide nanosheets grown in situ on Ti3C2Tx MXene (CoMo-LDH@Ti3C2Tx) was developed to enable light-assisted eNOR. The incorporation of Mo into Co-LDH, together with the built-in electric field of the heterojunction, enhances Mo–Co orbital hybridization and induces a spin-state transition of Co3+ centers from t2g6eg0 to t2g4eg2 configuration. This electronic regulation strengthens N2 activation and accelerates *NOH formation via the cooperative involvement of two •OH radicals under illumination, thereby significantly boosting eNOR kinetics. Consequently, CoMo-LDH@Ti3C2Tx delivers NO3‒ yield of 198.55 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and FE of 46.22% under solar light, outperforming dark conditions and state-of-the-art catalysts. These findings underscore the critical roles of spin-state engineering and radical synergy in advancing sustainable nitrate production.
{"title":"Boosting *NOH Intermediate Generation Kinetics for Nitrate Synthesis: Insights From Photo-Assisted Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Oxidation","authors":"Zheng Tao, Shuai Zhang, Dongyang Shi, A Yulong, Yi Zhang, Chuanpan Guo, Weihua Zhao, Miao Du, Jiameng Liu, Zhihong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531671","url":null,"abstract":"The electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (eNOR) offers a sustainable route for nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup>) synthesis, yet its practical application is limited by sluggish intermediate formation kinetics. Although •OH generated during water oxidation can promote the formation of the key <sup>*</sup>NOH intermediate, the cooperative mechanism between •OH and catalytic sites remains insufficiently understood. Herein, a spin-state modulation strategy is proposed to enhance <sup>*</sup>NOH generation under simulated solar irradiation, thereby markedly improving the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup> yield and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of the eNOR. A heterojunction catalyst consisting of CoMo-based layered double hydroxide nanosheets grown in situ on Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> MXene (CoMo-LDH@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) was developed to enable light-assisted eNOR. The incorporation of Mo into Co-LDH, together with the built-in electric field of the heterojunction, enhances Mo–Co orbital hybridization and induces a spin-state transition of Co<sup>3+</sup> centers from t<sub>2g</sub><sup>6</sup>e<sub>g</sub><sup>0</sup> to t<sub>2g</sub><sup>4</sup>e<sub>g</sub><sup>2</sup> configuration. This electronic regulation strengthens N<sub>2</sub> activation and accelerates <sup>*</sup>NOH formation via the cooperative involvement of two •OH radicals under illumination, thereby significantly boosting eNOR kinetics. Consequently, CoMo-LDH@Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub> delivers NO<sub>3</sub><sup>‒</sup> yield of 198.55 µg h<sup>−1</sup> mg<sub>cat.</sub><sup>−1</sup> and FE of 46.22% under solar light, outperforming dark conditions and state-of-the-art catalysts. These findings underscore the critical roles of spin-state engineering and radical synergy in advancing sustainable nitrate production.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong Zhang, Hao Fu, Chengang Pei, Hyungu Han, Won Jun Kang, Hye Won Sung, Won Tae Hong, Jong Hun Kim, Xu Yu, Chan-Hwa Chung, Ho Seok Park, Jung Kyu Kim
The development of transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalysts with outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and long-term durability across the entire pH range is crucial for achieving energy- and cost-efficient green hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein, we demonstrate a unique Re3P4/ReS2 Ohmic contact heterostructure fabricated via a facile hydrothermal process followed by phosphorization, which delivers remarkably efficient and durable HER performance, exhibiting pH-universal activity with low overpotentials of 40 mV (0.5 m H2SO4), 66 mV (1.0 m KOH), and 94 mV (1.0 m phosphate buffer solution) at 10 mA cm−2, together with outstanding stability for 90 h under different current densities at 10, 50 and 100 mA cm−2. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that the Ohmic contact interface can induce interfacial charge redistribution, which optimizes the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates in the HER process. Consequently, the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) assembled with Re3P4/ReS2 achieves a low cell voltage of 2.01 V at 1.0 A cm−2 and maintains stable operation for 500 h at an industrial current density of 500 mA cm−2. This work provides valuable insight into designing Ohmic contact heterostructures as pH-universal electrocatalysts, advancing the development of efficient hydrogen production technologies under diverse electrolyte conditions.
开发具有优异析氢反应（HER）性能和在整个pH范围内长期耐用性的过渡金属二硫系电催化剂，对于通过水电解实现能源和成本效益的绿色制氢至关重要。在此，我们展示了一种独特的Re3P4/ReS2欧姆接触异质结构，该异质结构通过简单的水热法和磷酸化制备，提供了非常高效和持久的HER性能，在10 mA cm - 2下具有低过电位40 mV (0.5 m H2SO4), 66 mV （1.0 m KOH）和94 mV （1.0 m磷酸盐缓冲溶液）的ph -通用活性，并且在10,50和100 mA cm - 2的不同电流密度下具有90小时的出色稳定性。实验分析和理论计算表明，欧姆接触界面可以诱导界面电荷重新分布，从而优化了反应中间体在HER过程中的吸附能。因此，用Re3P4/ReS2组装的阴离子交换膜水电解槽（AEMWE）在1.0 a cm−2时可获得2.01 V的低电池电压，并在500 mA cm−2的工业电流密度下保持500 h的稳定运行。这项工作为设计欧姆接触异质结构作为ph通用电催化剂提供了有价值的见解，推动了在不同电解质条件下高效制氢技术的发展。
{"title":"Re3P4/ReS2 Heterostructure With Bidirectional Electron Flow via Ohmic Contact for Enhanced pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution","authors":"Dong Zhang, Hao Fu, Chengang Pei, Hyungu Han, Won Jun Kang, Hye Won Sung, Won Tae Hong, Jong Hun Kim, Xu Yu, Chan-Hwa Chung, Ho Seok Park, Jung Kyu Kim","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530779","url":null,"abstract":"The development of transition metal dichalcogenide-based electrocatalysts with outstanding hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance and long-term durability across the entire pH range is crucial for achieving energy- and cost-efficient green hydrogen production via water electrolysis. Herein, we demonstrate a unique Re<sub>3</sub>P<sub>4</sub>/ReS<sub>2</sub> Ohmic contact heterostructure fabricated via a facile hydrothermal process followed by phosphorization, which delivers remarkably efficient and durable HER performance, exhibiting pH-universal activity with low overpotentials of 40 mV (0.5 <span>m</span> H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), 66 mV (1.0 <span>m</span> KOH), and 94 mV (1.0 <span>m</span> phosphate buffer solution) at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, together with outstanding stability for 90 h under different current densities at 10, 50 and 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Experimental analysis and theoretical calculations indicate that the Ohmic contact interface can induce interfacial charge redistribution, which optimizes the adsorption energy of reaction intermediates in the HER process. Consequently, the anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) assembled with Re<sub>3</sub>P<sub>4</sub>/ReS<sub>2</sub> achieves a low cell voltage of 2.01 V at 1.0 A cm<sup>−2</sup> and maintains stable operation for 500 h at an industrial current density of 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work provides valuable insight into designing Ohmic contact heterostructures as pH-universal electrocatalysts, advancing the development of efficient hydrogen production technologies under diverse electrolyte conditions.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their potent anti-inflammatory effects and favorable biocompatibility. However, effective oral siRNA delivery remains challenging due to limited inflammatory cell targeting, inefficient endosomal escape, and rapid degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome these barriers, we developed a nano-in-micro modular microbead system for colon-targeted delivery of siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This platform integrates two key components: (i) a library of ginsenoside-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) generated by screening natural sterol analogues, among which ginsenoside Rg3-based LNPs (Rg3@siTNF-α) were identified as optimal carriers, enabling enhanced macrophage targeting via glucose transporter-1–mediated recognition and promoting endosomal escape by attenuating Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1)–dependent recycling; and (ii) a calcium alginate (CA) shell that encapsulated Rg3@siTNF-α to form microbeads (CA@Rg3@siTNF-α), protecting the LNPs from premature degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Upon colon-specific dissolution, CA@Rg3@siTNF-α released Rg3@siTNF-α, facilitating efficient macrophage uptake, rapid endosomal escape, and lipase-responsive siRNA release. Consequently, the microbeads alleviated UC by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, restoring epithelial barrier integrity, and rebalancing the gut microbiota. Collectively, this work presents a spatiotemporally controlled strategy for oral siRNA delivery with multi-mechanistic therapeutic actions.
{"title":"Ginsenoside-Engineered Lipid Nanoparticles in Microbeads Enable Oral siRNA Delivery and Targeted Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis","authors":"Xiaoxue He, Tian Liu, Mingjia Sun, Linsheng Wu, Yinghou Wang, Jingdong Xiao, Jin Sun, Qikun Jiang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525241","url":null,"abstract":"Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have emerged as promising therapeutics for ulcerative colitis (UC) owing to their potent anti-inflammatory effects and favorable biocompatibility. However, effective oral siRNA delivery remains challenging due to limited inflammatory cell targeting, inefficient endosomal escape, and rapid degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. To overcome these barriers, we developed a nano-in-micro modular microbead system for colon-targeted delivery of siRNA against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). This platform integrates two key components: (i) a library of ginsenoside-based lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) generated by screening natural sterol analogues, among which ginsenoside Rg3-based LNPs (Rg3@siTNF-α) were identified as optimal carriers, enabling enhanced macrophage targeting via glucose transporter-1–mediated recognition and promoting endosomal escape by attenuating Niemann–Pick C1 (NPC1)–dependent recycling; and (ii) a calcium alginate (CA) shell that encapsulated Rg3@siTNF-α to form microbeads (CA@Rg3@siTNF-α), protecting the LNPs from premature degradation in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Upon colon-specific dissolution, CA@Rg3@siTNF-α released Rg3@siTNF-α, facilitating efficient macrophage uptake, rapid endosomal escape, and lipase-responsive siRNA release. Consequently, the microbeads alleviated UC by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, restoring epithelial barrier integrity, and rebalancing the gut microbiota. Collectively, this work presents a spatiotemporally controlled strategy for oral siRNA delivery with multi-mechanistic therapeutic actions.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Additive manufacturing of multi-principal element alloys is a promising approach for fabricating functional materials. A medium-entropy alloy (MEA) composite was fabricated using micro-scale laser powder bed fusion (µ-LPBF) with nano-ceramic particle doping, exhibiting a notable strength-ductility synergy. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of the composite were systematically investigated. The unique µ-LPBF process and subsequent aging treatment enabled the composite to exhibit good properties, including high hardness (557.5–789.1 HV), excellent tensile strength (1675 MPa), and uniform elongation (28%). Furthermore, the tensile strength was increased to 1817 MPa via ceramic particle doping, without compromising the ductility at 18%. Ultra-high temperature gradients and cooling rate in µ-LPBF are conducive to grain refinement and the simultaneous activation of multiple strengthening mechanisms, thereby enhancing strain-hardening and ductility. The enhanced performance of the MEA, including tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance arise mainly from synergistic multi-level microstructures, featuring segregation-induced dislocation banding, ultrafine γ′ precipitates, Cr-rich σ-phase precipitates with controlled fraction and morphology, dense 9R phase, high-density dislocations, dense nanotwin/microband networks, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and related crystallographic defects. The novel alloy design, combined with a streamlined, optimized processing strategy, plays a crucial role in developing multi-component alloys and composites with outstanding mechanical properties.
{"title":"Ceramic Particle-Reinforced Medium-Entropy Alloys With Outstanding Mechanical Properties Prepared by Novel Micro-LPBF","authors":"Zhonglin Shen, Mingwang Fu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202522758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522758","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing of multi-principal element alloys is a promising approach for fabricating functional materials. A medium-entropy alloy (MEA) composite was fabricated using micro-scale laser powder bed fusion (µ-LPBF) with nano-ceramic particle doping, exhibiting a notable strength-ductility synergy. The microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of the composite were systematically investigated. The unique µ-LPBF process and subsequent aging treatment enabled the composite to exhibit good properties, including high hardness (557.5–789.1 HV), excellent tensile strength (1675 MPa), and uniform elongation (28%). Furthermore, the tensile strength was increased to 1817 <span>M</span>Pa via ceramic particle doping, without compromising the ductility at 18%. Ultra-high temperature gradients and cooling rate in µ-LPBF are conducive to grain refinement and the simultaneous activation of multiple strengthening mechanisms, thereby enhancing strain-hardening and ductility. The enhanced performance of the MEA, including tensile strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance arise mainly from synergistic multi-level microstructures, featuring segregation-induced dislocation banding, ultrafine γ′ precipitates, Cr-rich <i>σ</i>-phase precipitates with controlled fraction and morphology, dense 9R phase, high-density dislocations, dense nanotwin/microband networks, Lomer-Cottrell locks, and related crystallographic defects. The novel alloy design, combined with a streamlined, optimized processing strategy, plays a crucial role in developing multi-component alloys and composites with outstanding mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haobo Wang, Kai Cai, Wenjie Luo, Yuze Wu, Lingzhi Jiang, Jie Feng
Short-fiber reinforcement effectively enhances rubber composites, particularly in terms of tear resistance, which is critical for applications such as tracks and tires. However, the poor fiber-rubber interfacial compatibility remains a major challenge. In this study, a blend of natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber was used as the base matrix. Short nylon cords (SNCs) with two different surface treatments, untreated and resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) dipped, were mixed into the rubber matrix at lengths of 0.5 and 1.0 cm and contents of 1–5 phr. The effects of fiber treatment, length, and content on the performance of composites were investigated. The results show that RFL treatment significantly enhances fiber-rubber interfacial adhesion. Notably, the incorporation of RFL-treated SNCs with a length of 1.0 cm at a loading of 2 phr increased the tear strength from 33.63 to 42.41 kN/m (approximately 26.1%) and the stress at 300% elongation from 10.56 to 12.43 MPa (approximately 17.7%), compared with the unfilled rubber matrix. Although the introduction of SNCs slightly increased abrasion loss, RFL-treated fibers effectively mitigated this drawback. These findings demonstrate that an appropriate combination of fiber surface treatment, length, and loading is critical for balancing reinforcement and durability in short-fiber-reinforced rubber composites, providing practical guidance for the design of high-performance rubber materials.
{"title":"Enhancing Tear Resistance of Natural Rubber-Based Composites Through Filling Surface Treated Short Nylon Cords","authors":"Haobo Wang, Kai Cai, Wenjie Luo, Yuze Wu, Lingzhi Jiang, Jie Feng","doi":"10.1002/app.70518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.70518","url":null,"abstract":"Short-fiber reinforcement effectively enhances rubber composites, particularly in terms of tear resistance, which is critical for applications such as tracks and tires. However, the poor fiber-rubber interfacial compatibility remains a major challenge. In this study, a blend of natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber, and butadiene rubber was used as the base matrix. Short nylon cords (SNCs) with two different surface treatments, untreated and resorcinol-formaldehyde-latex (RFL) dipped, were mixed into the rubber matrix at lengths of 0.5 and 1.0 cm and contents of 1–5 phr. The effects of fiber treatment, length, and content on the performance of composites were investigated. The results show that RFL treatment significantly enhances fiber-rubber interfacial adhesion. Notably, the incorporation of RFL-treated SNCs with a length of 1.0 cm at a loading of 2 phr increased the tear strength from 33.63 to 42.41 kN/m (approximately 26.1%) and the stress at 300% elongation from 10.56 to 12.43 MPa (approximately 17.7%), compared with the unfilled rubber matrix. Although the introduction of SNCs slightly increased abrasion loss, RFL-treated fibers effectively mitigated this drawback. These findings demonstrate that an appropriate combination of fiber surface treatment, length, and loading is critical for balancing reinforcement and durability in short-fiber-reinforced rubber composites, providing practical guidance for the design of high-performance rubber materials.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogels exhibit a range of advantageous properties, including high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and strong adhesion in wet environments that render them highly suitable for use as implantable medical devices. In this review, we systematically introduce the enhancement strategies for the key performance of hydrogels. We then sort out the cutting-edge cases and core progress of hydrogels in biomedical applications in disease therapy and diagnosis, including tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, biosensing, and energy harvesting and storage. Finally, we critically analyze the key challenges and future development directions faced in the clinical transformation process of this field, aiming to promote the efficient transformation of hydrogel-based implantable medical devices from basic research to clinical application.
{"title":"Hydrogel-Based Implantable Medical Devices: Pioneering Therapies and Monitoring","authors":"Puqing Yao, Xuandi Deng, Ruiying Zhang, Zhuo Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531960","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels exhibit a range of advantageous properties, including high mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, and strong adhesion in wet environments that render them highly suitable for use as implantable medical devices. In this review, we systematically introduce the enhancement strategies for the key performance of hydrogels. We then sort out the cutting-edge cases and core progress of hydrogels in biomedical applications in disease therapy and diagnosis, including tissue engineering, tissue adhesives, biosensing, and energy harvesting and storage. Finally, we critically analyze the key challenges and future development directions faced in the clinical transformation process of this field, aiming to promote the efficient transformation of hydrogel-based implantable medical devices from basic research to clinical application.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Meidan Que, Yutian Li, Xinrui Li, Bo Li, Nan Yan, Fan Yang, Yuan Xu, Ziheng Wang, Lili Gao, Jian Wei
The photovoltaic gap between perovskite quantum dots and polycrystalline films mainly arises from the high exciton binding energy (Eb∼100 meV) in quantum dots. In this work, we introduce a p–p orbital coupling strategy using triphenylmethyl mercaptan (TPSh) to lower Eb, thereby enhancing exciton dissociation and charge transfer rates in perovskite quantum dot solar cells. The results indicate that strong coordination of Pb-S bonds induce p–p orbital coupling between Pb 6p and S 3p orbitals, which significantly reduces Eb from 128.4 to 68.4 meV, and increases the carrier density from 2.23 × 1014 cm−3 to 2.73 × 1014 cm−3 as confirmed by Hall effect measurements. Meanwhile, the steric hindrance provided by TPSh further inhibits surface ion migration on the quantum dot surface, greatly improving environmental stability. Consequently, TPSh-treated FAPbI3 quantum dot solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 17.66% (compared to 15.71% for the control) and retaining 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of unencapsulated operation following ISOS-L-1I protocols. This work uncovers an orbital coupling-based mechanism to regulate exciton dynamics, providing a novel approach to advance quantum dot optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"p–p Orbital Coupling Enhanced Exciton Dissociation for High-Performance and Stable FAPbI3 Quantum Dot Solar Cells","authors":"Meidan Que, Yutian Li, Xinrui Li, Bo Li, Nan Yan, Fan Yang, Yuan Xu, Ziheng Wang, Lili Gao, Jian Wei","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202524197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524197","url":null,"abstract":"The photovoltaic gap between perovskite quantum dots and polycrystalline films mainly arises from the high exciton binding energy (E<sub>b</sub>∼100 meV) in quantum dots. In this work, we introduce a <i>p–p</i> orbital coupling strategy using triphenylmethyl mercaptan (TPSh) to lower E<sub>b</sub>, thereby enhancing exciton dissociation and charge transfer rates in perovskite quantum dot solar cells. The results indicate that strong coordination of Pb-S bonds induce <i>p–p</i> orbital coupling between Pb 6<i>p</i> and S 3<i>p</i> orbitals, which significantly reduces E<sub>b</sub> from 128.4 to 68.4 meV, and increases the carrier density from 2.23 × 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> to 2.73 × 10<sup>14</sup> cm<sup>−3</sup> as confirmed by Hall effect measurements. Meanwhile, the steric hindrance provided by TPSh further inhibits surface ion migration on the quantum dot surface, greatly improving environmental stability. Consequently, TPSh-treated FAPbI<sub>3</sub> quantum dot solar cells achieve a champion efficiency of 17.66% (compared to 15.71% for the control) and retaining 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of unencapsulated operation following ISOS-L-1I protocols. This work uncovers an orbital coupling-based mechanism to regulate exciton dynamics, providing a novel approach to advance quantum dot optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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