Acoustic streaming generated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) enables diverse acoustofluidic functions, such as fluid mixing, particle manipulation, and enhanced fluid transport, making SAWs valuable lab-on-a-chip systems. However, conventional SAW devices are often limited to a specific acoustofluidic function once fabricated. Each function typically requires different devices or designs to produce other wave modes, making exploration costly and time-consuming. A Multidirectional Interdigital Transducer (M-IDT) on a Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) is presented, allowing easy reconfigurability and multidirectional SAW propagation. This versatile device enables rapid, multifunctional experimentation on a single replaceable substrate, facilitating efficient exploration of acoustofluidic effects. This device, alongside finite element simulations, investigates substrate in-plane rotation angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° relative to the X-axis) and wave modes. Favorable acoustic velocities are observed using Rayleigh SAW (R-SAW) at 0° and 30°, and using combined wave modes at 60°, and 90°. The pseudo shear-horizontal SAW (P-SH-SAW) at 90° exhibits higher velocities than R- SAW at 0°. P-SH-SAW also improved acoustic streaming at lower power, with high-viscosity fluids, substantial fluid volumes (1 mL), and within a 96-well plate. The M-IDTs reconfigurable nature allows rapid, cost-effective testing, making it ideal for prototyping a wide range of acoustofluidic applications.
{"title":"Multidirectionally Patterned Interdigital Transducers for Enhancing Acoustofluidic Streaming with Flexible Printed Circuit Board","authors":"Mercedes Stringer, Povilas Dumčius, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yanyan Chai, Ziming Zeng, Zhiqiang Dong, Chao Sun, Dongfang Liang, Guangbo Ge, Yongqing Fu, Zhenlin Wu, Xin Yang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421308","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic streaming generated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs) enables diverse acoustofluidic functions, such as fluid mixing, particle manipulation, and enhanced fluid transport, making SAWs valuable lab-on-a-chip systems. However, conventional SAW devices are often limited to a specific acoustofluidic function once fabricated. Each function typically requires different devices or designs to produce other wave modes, making exploration costly and time-consuming. A Multidirectional Interdigital Transducer (M-IDT) on a Flexible Printed Circuit Board (FPCB) is presented, allowing easy reconfigurability and multidirectional SAW propagation. This versatile device enables rapid, multifunctional experimentation on a single replaceable substrate, facilitating efficient exploration of acoustofluidic effects. This device, alongside finite element simulations, investigates substrate in-plane rotation angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° relative to the X-axis) and wave modes. Favorable acoustic velocities are observed using Rayleigh SAW (R-SAW) at 0° and 30°, and using combined wave modes at 60°, and 90°. The pseudo shear-horizontal SAW (P-SH-SAW) at 90° exhibits higher velocities than R- SAW at 0°. P-SH-SAW also improved acoustic streaming at lower power, with high-viscosity fluids, substantial fluid volumes (1 mL), and within a 96-well plate. The M-IDTs reconfigurable nature allows rapid, cost-effective testing, making it ideal for prototyping a wide range of acoustofluidic applications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infrared ultralow‐emissivity fabric has garnered significant interest for applications in infrared stealth and personal thermal management. However, reconciling the competing demands of low emissivity, breathability, and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. Here, an air‐permeable polymeric metafabric distinguished by a unique non‐through‐hole structure is presented. This design is achieved through the electroless plating of silver nanoparticles onto commercially available nylon fabric, supplemented by an intermediate layer of hot‐processed nylon porous mesh. This metafabric demonstrates an ultralow emissivity of 0.044, an exceptional electrical conductivity of 51 315 S m−1, an impressive electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 78 dB, and a high tensile strength of 110 MPa. The emissivity, conductivity, and strength of the metafabric are among the highest values reported for infrared low‐emissivity fabrics. The metafabric also exhibits an air permeability that conforms to Grade 2 of international standards. The metafabric facilitates personal precision heating across diverse environments through its integrated capabilities of passive radiative and active solar/Joule heating. Additionally, the metafabric displays antibacterial properties, flame retardancy, sweat absorption, quick‐drying, and washability performance, thereby significantly enhancing its wearability. This high‐performance, multifunctional, infrared ultralow‐emissivity polymeric metafabric holds great promise for applications in infrared camouflage, electromagnetic protection, and personal thermal management.
{"title":"Infrared Ultralow‐Emissivity Polymeric Metafabric Conductors Enabling Remarkable Electromagnetic and Thermal Management","authors":"Ruiqi Yu, Mengyao Wang, Weifang Lu, Jingshi Wang, Yanxia Cao, Yanyu Yang, Wanjie Wang, Jianfeng Wang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421347","url":null,"abstract":"Infrared ultralow‐emissivity fabric has garnered significant interest for applications in infrared stealth and personal thermal management. However, reconciling the competing demands of low emissivity, breathability, and mechanical strength poses a formidable challenge. Here, an air‐permeable polymeric metafabric distinguished by a unique non‐through‐hole structure is presented. This design is achieved through the electroless plating of silver nanoparticles onto commercially available nylon fabric, supplemented by an intermediate layer of hot‐processed nylon porous mesh. This metafabric demonstrates an ultralow emissivity of 0.044, an exceptional electrical conductivity of 51 315 S m<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>, an impressive electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of 78 dB, and a high tensile strength of 110 MPa. The emissivity, conductivity, and strength of the metafabric are among the highest values reported for infrared low‐emissivity fabrics. The metafabric also exhibits an air permeability that conforms to Grade 2 of international standards. The metafabric facilitates personal precision heating across diverse environments through its integrated capabilities of passive radiative and active solar/Joule heating. Additionally, the metafabric displays antibacterial properties, flame retardancy, sweat absorption, quick‐drying, and washability performance, thereby significantly enhancing its wearability. This high‐performance, multifunctional, infrared ultralow‐emissivity polymeric metafabric holds great promise for applications in infrared camouflage, electromagnetic protection, and personal thermal management.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amric Bonil, Ghader Darbandy, Jan Frede, Moritz Flemming, Christian Matthus, Lautaro Petrauskas, Juan Wang, Kyung‐Geun Lim, Hans Kleemann
Organic permeable base transistors (OPBTs) have demonstrated impressive performance and potential in various applications, such as display driving circuits, light‐emitting transistors, and logic circuits requiring high‐frequency operation. However, large‐scale implementation is hindered by fabrication reliability and repeatability issues, a problem also common with other types of organic transistors, leading to reliance on exceptional “hero” devices. To address this challenge, an electrochemical anodization process is scaled up and optimized for OPBTs to produce consistent performance across an entire 15 cm × 15 cm wafer. By controlling the Al base oxidation, an 87% yield of functional devices and a median transconductance of d−3is achieved S, proving that the anodization process does not degrade the device performance. Additionally, anodization reduces leakage current to below d−9A, increasing the current gain to a median of 106, and decreases the oxide capacitance (Cox) without affecting the transconductance (gm), resulting in a driving‐voltage normalized unity‐gain cutoff frequency (fT/V) of up to 2.6 MHzV−1. The validity of the experimental results is confirmed through properly calibrated technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations, which rely on DC and small‐signal AC analysis of OPBTs, based on the underlying physical equations.
{"title":"Organic Permeable Base Transistors—Reliable Large‐Scale Anodization for High Frequency Devices","authors":"Amric Bonil, Ghader Darbandy, Jan Frede, Moritz Flemming, Christian Matthus, Lautaro Petrauskas, Juan Wang, Kyung‐Geun Lim, Hans Kleemann","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202418270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418270","url":null,"abstract":"Organic permeable base transistors (OPBTs) have demonstrated impressive performance and potential in various applications, such as display driving circuits, light‐emitting transistors, and logic circuits requiring high‐frequency operation. However, large‐scale implementation is hindered by fabrication reliability and repeatability issues, a problem also common with other types of organic transistors, leading to reliance on exceptional “hero” devices. To address this challenge, an electrochemical anodization process is scaled up and optimized for OPBTs to produce consistent performance across an entire 15 cm × 15 cm wafer. By controlling the Al base oxidation, an 87% yield of functional devices and a median transconductance of <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>−3<jats:italic>is achieved</jats:italic> S, proving that the anodization process does not degrade the device performance. Additionally, anodization reduces leakage current to below <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>−9A, increasing the current gain to a median of 10<jats:sup>6</jats:sup>, and decreases the oxide capacitance (<jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:sub>ox</jats:sub>) without affecting the transconductance (<jats:italic>g</jats:italic><jats:sub>m</jats:sub>), resulting in a driving‐voltage normalized unity‐gain cutoff frequency (<jats:italic>f</jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>T</jats:italic></jats:sub>/<jats:italic>V</jats:italic>) of up to 2.6 MHzV<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>. The validity of the experimental results is confirmed through properly calibrated technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations, which rely on DC and small‐signal AC analysis of OPBTs, based on the underlying physical equations.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oxygen spillover on the metal/oxide electrocatalysts interface acts as an essential role in promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, oxygen spillover mechanisms and corresponding regulatory strategies are still unclear for addressing slow OH‐migration kinetics. Herein, an interface is constructed between Iridium (Ir) and Niobium (Nb)‐doped Titanium oxide (TiO2) with abundant oxygen vacancies area by plasma processing, enabling oxygen spillover from the metal Ir to supports. The optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO2 with a significant OER activity (η = 253 mV) and durability in acids compared to commercial IrO2. In situ experiments combined with theoretical computations reveal the presence of interfacial oxygen vacancies not only regulates the Ir structure toward boosted activity but also constructs a directional spillover pathway from Ir to interfacial oxygen vacancies area and then TiO2 via the OH*‐filling route, which strikingly mitigates the OH* migration barriers. In addition, the optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO2 exhibits excellent performance (1.69 V/1.0 A cm−2@80 °C) and long‐term stability (≈500 h@1.0 A cm−2) with practical potential in PEMWEs. This work provides a unique insight into the role of oxygen spillover, paving the way for designing Ir‐based catalysts for PEMWEs.
{"title":"Engineering the Metal/Oxide Interfacial O‐Filling Effect to Tailor Oxygen Spillover for Efficient Acidic Water Oxidation","authors":"Yu Zhu, Fei Guo, Qiliang Wei, Feiyan Lai, Runzhe Chen, Jianing Guo, Manxi Gong, Shunqiang Zhang, Zichen Wang, Jun Zhong, Guanjie He, Niancai Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421354","url":null,"abstract":"The oxygen spillover on the metal/oxide electrocatalysts interface acts as an essential role in promoting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs). However, oxygen spillover mechanisms and corresponding regulatory strategies are still unclear for addressing slow OH‐migration kinetics. Herein, an interface is constructed between Iridium (Ir) and Niobium (Nb)‐doped Titanium oxide (TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) with abundant oxygen vacancies area by plasma processing, enabling oxygen spillover from the metal Ir to supports. The optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> with a significant OER activity (η = 253 mV) and durability in acids compared to commercial IrO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>. In situ experiments combined with theoretical computations reveal the presence of interfacial oxygen vacancies not only regulates the Ir structure toward boosted activity but also constructs a directional spillover pathway from Ir to interfacial oxygen vacancies area and then TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> via the OH<jats:sup>*</jats:sup>‐filling route, which strikingly mitigates the OH<jats:sup>*</jats:sup> migration barriers. In addition, the optimized Ir/Nb‐doped TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> exhibits excellent performance (1.69 V/1.0 A cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>@80 °C) and long‐term stability (≈500 h@1.0 A cm<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>) with practical potential in PEMWEs. This work provides a unique insight into the role of oxygen spillover, paving the way for designing Ir‐based catalysts for PEMWEs.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emerging evidence shows that the viscoelastic cues of the e Ixtracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cellular functions and fates. However, as cells are viscoelastic, force dissipation occurs within themselves as well as the ECM side, implying the existence of reciprocal viscous regulation between the two. Here, a fluid-based scaffold with tunable viscoelasticity has been developed to investigate its impact on the cell adhesion process. The platform is based on the water–perfluorocarbon interface decorated with diacetylene-based phospholipid membranes (IPLMs), whose viscoelasticity can be systematically manipulated by photocrosslinking. Further introduction of a cell-adhesive peptide and fluorescent tag allows cell adhesion at the highly deformable fluid interface and confocal observation of dynamic cell–model ECM interactions. The viscoelasticity-tunability is confirmed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, interfacial rheology, and atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. Cells seeded at the IPLM exhibit so-called adaptive wetting, where the interface first deforms toward the out-of-plane direction before cellular dimensional changes, followed by cellular flattening and interfacial restoration. Furthermore, the quantification of these parameters reveals a biphasic response against the crosslinking levels, which indicates that the cell-ECM viscosity balance determines adaptive wetting phenotypes. The platform may enable the prediction of dynamic adhesion responses in physiological and pathological processes.
{"title":"Highly Deformable Phototunable Viscoelastic Fluid Interface Modulates Cellular Adaptive Wetting Behavior","authors":"Junhong Zhou, Hongxin Wang, Jun Nakanishi","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202414534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202414534","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence shows that the viscoelastic cues of the e Ixtracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cellular functions and fates. However, as cells are viscoelastic, force dissipation occurs within themselves as well as the ECM side, implying the existence of reciprocal viscous regulation between the two. Here, a fluid-based scaffold with tunable viscoelasticity has been developed to investigate its impact on the cell adhesion process. The platform is based on the water–perfluorocarbon interface decorated with diacetylene-based phospholipid membranes (IPLMs), whose viscoelasticity can be systematically manipulated by photocrosslinking. Further introduction of a cell-adhesive peptide and fluorescent tag allows cell adhesion at the highly deformable fluid interface and confocal observation of dynamic cell–model ECM interactions. The viscoelasticity-tunability is confirmed by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, interfacial rheology, and atomic force microscopy nanoindentation. Cells seeded at the IPLM exhibit so-called adaptive wetting, where the interface first deforms toward the out-of-plane direction before cellular dimensional changes, followed by cellular flattening and interfacial restoration. Furthermore, the quantification of these parameters reveals a biphasic response against the crosslinking levels, which indicates that the cell-ECM viscosity balance determines adaptive wetting phenotypes. The platform may enable the prediction of dynamic adhesion responses in physiological and pathological processes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bing-Xue Shi, Yu-Wen Wang, Mei-Lin Wang, Li-Ping Cui, Kai Yu
Polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising electrocatalysts and pseudo-capacitive materials due to their reversible multi-electron redox properties. In this study, Dawson-type mono-arsenic-capped arsenomolybdate are anchored into channels of {Cu(trz)2}7 metal–organic network yielding a solution-stable host-guest structure, [{CuI(trz)2}7{AsIIIAsV2MoV4MoVI14O62}]2·3H2O (2), which exhibits higher conductivity and specific capacity, excellent rate performance and cycle stability than (biz)9(Hbiz)3{AsIII1.5AsV2Mo18O62}2·2H2O (1) and most reported POMs, ascribing to the excellent Faraday properties of POMs, metal–organic conductive network, and the advantages of host-guest structure in surface area and stability. The AC//2-CPE device demonstrates energy density and power density of 25.45 Wh kg−1 and 1991.53 W kg−1, and 92.4% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, compound 2 as nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) electrocatalyst achieves a current density of 150 mA cm−2 at −0.5 V, ammonia production rate of 15.28 mg h−1 cm−2, and Faradaic efficiency of up to 90%. Density functional theory is employed to thoroughly investigate the adsorption active sites and the detailed energetic steps corresponding to the overall reaction pathway of NO3RR regulated by compound 2. This study reveals that encapsulating POMs clusters into a metal–organic network can increase the redox active sites, improve stability, and conductivity, thereby enhancing the energy storage and catalytic activity of POMs at the molecular level.
{"title":"Functional Modification of Dawson-Type Arsenomolybdate for Enhanced Ultracapacitor Performance and Nitrate-to-Ammonia Production","authors":"Bing-Xue Shi, Yu-Wen Wang, Mei-Lin Wang, Li-Ping Cui, Kai Yu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202419248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202419248","url":null,"abstract":"Polyoxometalates (POMs) are promising electrocatalysts and pseudo-capacitive materials due to their reversible multi-electron redox properties. In this study, Dawson-type mono-arsenic-capped arsenomolybdate are anchored into channels of {Cu(trz)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>7</sub> metal–organic network yielding a solution-stable host-guest structure, [{Cu<sup>I</sup>(trz)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>7</sub>{As<sup>III</sup>As<sup>V</sup><sub>2</sub>Mo<sup>V</sup><sub>4</sub>Mo<sup>VI</sup><sub>14</sub>O<sub>62</sub>}]<sub>2</sub>·3H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>2</b>), which exhibits higher conductivity and specific capacity, excellent rate performance and cycle stability than (biz)<sub>9</sub>(Hbiz)<sub>3</sub>{As<sup>III</sup><sub>1.5</sub>As<sup>V</sup><sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>18</sub>O<sub>62</sub>}<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O (<b>1</b>) and most reported POMs, ascribing to the excellent Faraday properties of POMs, metal–organic conductive network, and the advantages of host-guest structure in surface area and stability. The AC//<b>2</b>-CPE device demonstrates energy density and power density of 25.45 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and 1991.53 W kg<sup>−1</sup>, and 92.4% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles. Moreover, compound <b>2</b> as nitrate reduction reaction (NO₃RR) electrocatalyst achieves a current density of 150 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> at −0.5 V, ammonia production rate of 15.28 mg h<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup>, and Faradaic efficiency of up to 90%. Density functional theory is employed to thoroughly investigate the adsorption active sites and the detailed energetic steps corresponding to the overall reaction pathway of NO<sub>3</sub>RR regulated by compound <b>2</b>. This study reveals that encapsulating POMs clusters into a metal–organic network can increase the redox active sites, improve stability, and conductivity, thereby enhancing the energy storage and catalytic activity of POMs at the molecular level.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sagnik Middya, Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte, Stephen Sawiak, Sam Hilton, Vincenzo F Curto, Damiano G Barone, Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle, George G Malliaras
In neuroscience research and clinical practice, electrophysiology is used to record and stimulate specific parts of the brain with high temporal resolution. This capability can be augmented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides anatomical and functional information about the brain with large spatial coverage. However, metallic electrodes, commonly used in electrophysiology, are fundamentally incompatible with MRI due to heating concerns and imaging artefacts. Here, it is demonstrated that flexible micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) arrays, with electrodes made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), are compatible with ultra-high magnetic field MRI up to 9.4 T. A scalable fabrication process is adopted that results in very repeatable electrochemical properties across devices. The volumetric capacitance of PEDOT:PSS leads to low electrode impedance and enables high-resolution neural recordings of single-unit activity from the cortical surface of rodents. Furthermore, the µECoG array creates minimal distortion in T2-weighted anatomical brain MRI. Multimodal brain monitoring is demonstrated by performing simultaneous blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI) in parallel with electrical stimulation from the µECoG array. The results show that the PEDOT:PSS µECoG arrays enable the combination of high-resolution electrophysiology and advanced brain imaging in vivo.
{"title":"Conducting Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for Simultaneous Electrophysiology and Advanced Brain Imaging","authors":"Sagnik Middya, Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte, Stephen Sawiak, Sam Hilton, Vincenzo F Curto, Damiano G Barone, Gabriele S Kaminski Schierle, George G Malliaras","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202417312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417312","url":null,"abstract":"In neuroscience research and clinical practice, electrophysiology is used to record and stimulate specific parts of the brain with high temporal resolution. This capability can be augmented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which provides anatomical and functional information about the brain with large spatial coverage. However, metallic electrodes, commonly used in electrophysiology, are fundamentally incompatible with MRI due to heating concerns and imaging artefacts. Here, it is demonstrated that flexible micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) arrays, with electrodes made of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), are compatible with ultra-high magnetic field MRI up to 9.4 T. A scalable fabrication process is adopted that results in very repeatable electrochemical properties across devices. The volumetric capacitance of PEDOT:PSS leads to low electrode impedance and enables high-resolution neural recordings of single-unit activity from the cortical surface of rodents. Furthermore, the µECoG array creates minimal distortion in T<sub>2</sub>-weighted anatomical brain MRI. Multimodal brain monitoring is demonstrated by performing simultaneous blood oxygen level-dependent functional MRI (BOLD fMRI) in parallel with electrical stimulation from the µECoG array. The results show that the PEDOT:PSS µECoG arrays enable the combination of high-resolution electrophysiology and advanced brain imaging in vivo.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingqing Huang, Zhanzhan Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xianghui Cao, Qiushi Li, Nana Feng, Xueyao Wu, Chun Wang, Jian Xiao, Linqi Shi, Yang Liu
Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Activating immune responses while alleviating negative feedback regulation offers a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, this work proposes a novel nanoparticle-based immune activator (nanoIA), which can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and deliver small-molecule immunomodulators to further enhance antitumor immune responses. NanoIA features a unique surface structure that enables it to induce ICD by targeting and retaining in the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells. Additionally, nanoIA can be loaded with various small-molecule drugs and released in response to stimuli from the TME. This distinct capability enables nanoIA to initiate and amplify antitumor immune responses. This study employs two small-molecule immunomodulators, JQ1 and NLG919, as examples for demonstration. NanoIA/JQ1 and nanoIA/NLG919 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, prolonging survival in tumor-bearing mice, and preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. These results confirm nanoIA's ability to activate antitumor immune responses and induce immune memory. This work provides new insights into the development of nanoparticles that actively participate in immune regulation.
{"title":"A Nanoimmunoactivator Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Alleviates the Immunosuppression for Synergistic Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Qingqing Huang, Zhanzhan Zhang, Yu Zhao, Xianghui Cao, Qiushi Li, Nana Feng, Xueyao Wu, Chun Wang, Jian Xiao, Linqi Shi, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202420278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202420278","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer immunotherapy has transformed the landscape of cancer treatment. However, the low immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) often limit the efficacy of immunotherapy. Activating immune responses while alleviating negative feedback regulation offers a promising strategy to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, this work proposes a novel nanoparticle-based immune activator (nanoIA), which can induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells and deliver small-molecule immunomodulators to further enhance antitumor immune responses. NanoIA features a unique surface structure that enables it to induce ICD by targeting and retaining in the endoplasmic reticulum of tumor cells. Additionally, nanoIA can be loaded with various small-molecule drugs and released in response to stimuli from the TME. This distinct capability enables nanoIA to initiate and amplify antitumor immune responses. This study employs two small-molecule immunomodulators, JQ1 and NLG919, as examples for demonstration. NanoIA/JQ1 and nanoIA/NLG919 demonstrated significant efficacy in inhibiting tumor growth, prolonging survival in tumor-bearing mice, and preventing tumor recurrence and metastasis. These results confirm nanoIA's ability to activate antitumor immune responses and induce immune memory. This work provides new insights into the development of nanoparticles that actively participate in immune regulation.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongyuan Kang, Xiaoqing Liu, Jie Wang, Pai Peng, Min Liang, Qiaoxuan Wang, Weiwei Zheng, Shifen Li, Changyou Gao
The processes of skin wound healing and scar formation are complex, often involving hypoxia and inflammation, which create a pathological microenvironment that impedes normal healing. Improving wound oxygenation and reducing inflammation are crucial for accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Traditional dressings like sponges, gauze, and hydrogels struggle to balance moisture retention, breathability, and exudate absorption. To address these challenges, rod-shaped microgel scaffolds with larger surface areas and interconnected porous structures are explored to enhance gas transport, promoting wound oxygenation and moisture retention, thus accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to mediate the formation of microgels-assembled scaffold and to load catalase (CAT) for enhanced bioactivity. In vitro experiments showed that this material alleviated oxidative stress and reduced the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the downstream transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/Smad pathway in fibroblasts. The incorporation of CAT showed a significant promotion of M2-phenotype macrophage polarization. In vivo studies on rat and rabbit wounds demonstrated that the microgel scaffolds significantly improved exudate absorption and breathability, maintaining a moist and oxygenated environment. These scaffolds reduced tissue hypoxia, accelerated wound healing, and decreased hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. This innovative method leveraged the unique properties of microgels to effectively enhance skin tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Rod-Shaped Microgel Scaffolds with Interconnective Pores and Oxygen-generating Functions Promote Skin Wound Healing and Alleviate Hypertrophic Scar Formation","authors":"Yongyuan Kang, Xiaoqing Liu, Jie Wang, Pai Peng, Min Liang, Qiaoxuan Wang, Weiwei Zheng, Shifen Li, Changyou Gao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202413678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202413678","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of skin wound healing and scar formation are complex, often involving hypoxia and inflammation, which create a pathological microenvironment that impedes normal healing. Improving wound oxygenation and reducing inflammation are crucial for accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Traditional dressings like sponges, gauze, and hydrogels struggle to balance moisture retention, breathability, and exudate absorption. To address these challenges, rod-shaped microgel scaffolds with larger surface areas and interconnected porous structures are explored to enhance gas transport, promoting wound oxygenation and moisture retention, thus accelerating healing and reducing scarring. Nanoparticles (NPs) are used to mediate the formation of microgels-assembled scaffold and to load catalase (CAT) for enhanced bioactivity. In vitro experiments showed that this material alleviated oxidative stress and reduced the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and the downstream transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)/Smad pathway in fibroblasts. The incorporation of CAT showed a significant promotion of M2-phenotype macrophage polarization. In vivo studies on rat and rabbit wounds demonstrated that the microgel scaffolds significantly improved exudate absorption and breathability, maintaining a moist and oxygenated environment. These scaffolds reduced tissue hypoxia, accelerated wound healing, and decreased hypertrophic scar formation in vivo. This innovative method leveraged the unique properties of microgels to effectively enhance skin tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, but their slow reaction kinetics and shuttle effect severely hinder their practical applications. One of the key solutions is to design and apply efficient, highly stable, and long-life catalysts. Herein, a nanostructured CoTe2/Co─O─NC electrocatalytic material is developed to achieve effective adsorption and bidirectional catalytic conversions of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Results show that oxygen bridges (Co─O─C) formed in the CoTe2/Co─O─NC not only effectively shift d-band center of the cobalt near its Fermi level to enhance adsorption of LiPSs but also strengthen the built-in electric fields of CoTe2/Co heterojunctions to reduce energy barrier for sulfur conversion. Deposition and dissociation of Li2S are significantly enhanced during charging/discharging processes. Durability of highly active catalyst is significantly improved, and rapid cross-interfacial charge transfer is also achieved. The synthesized S/CoTe2/Co─O─NC cathode exhibits an initial capacity of 1498 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, and its decay rate of capacity over 500 cycles at 0.5 C is only 0.046%. Li─S pouch cells using the cathode show an energy density of 368 Wh kg−1 and areal capacity of 7.7 mAh cm−2 at a sulfur loading of 6.7 mg cm−2, with an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 4 µL mg−1.
{"title":"Oxygen Bridges of CoTe2/Co─O─NC Enhancing Adsorption-Catalysis of Polysulfide for Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries","authors":"Zhao Yang, Rui Yan, Jingchen Han, Tong Wu, Qingsheng Wu, Guangfeng Wei, Yongqing Fu, Ming Wen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202417834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202417834","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium–sulfur batteries are regarded as candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, but their slow reaction kinetics and shuttle effect severely hinder their practical applications. One of the key solutions is to design and apply efficient, highly stable, and long-life catalysts. Herein, a nanostructured CoTe<sub>2</sub>/Co─O─NC electrocatalytic material is developed to achieve effective adsorption and bidirectional catalytic conversions of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Results show that oxygen bridges (Co─O─C) formed in the CoTe<sub>2</sub>/Co─O─NC not only effectively shift d-band center of the cobalt near its Fermi level to enhance adsorption of LiPSs but also strengthen the built-in electric fields of CoTe<sub>2</sub>/Co heterojunctions to reduce energy barrier for sulfur conversion. Deposition and dissociation of Li<sub>2</sub>S are significantly enhanced during charging/discharging processes. Durability of highly active catalyst is significantly improved, and rapid cross-interfacial charge transfer is also achieved. The synthesized S/CoTe<sub>2</sub>/Co─O─NC cathode exhibits an initial capacity of 1498 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.1 C, and its decay rate of capacity over 500 cycles at 0.5 C is only 0.046%. Li─S pouch cells using the cathode show an energy density of 368 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and areal capacity of 7.7 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> at a sulfur loading of 6.7 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>, with an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 4 µL mg<sup>−1</sup>.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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