Fei-Fei Chen, Zhichao Wu, Xiaolin Lyu, Rilong Yang, Xiaozheng Su, Hong Zhou, Yan Yu, Kefeng Lin
Cellulose films are known for their sustainability, high flexibility, and outstanding mechanical strength; however, they often exhibit limited optical, electrical, and thermal properties. Conventional modification strategies, such as carbonization or physical blending with conductive materials, tend to be energy-intensive and often require specialized equipment or controlled environments. In this study, we report an ultrafast coating of PEDOT:PSS onto a unique cellulose/hydroxyapatite substrate, achieved within just 5 s under ambient conditions without the need for any equipment. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanowires between cellulose fibers and PEDOT:PSS enhances the interfacial bonding strength by 2.8 times via multiple interactions, enabling such an ultrafast coating process. The resulting composite films effectively combine the excellent water affinity and mechanical robustness of the cellulose/hydroxyapatite substrate with the superior optical, electrical, and thermal properties of the PEDOT:PSS coating. Based on these advantages, we demonstrate multifunctional devices, including solar-driven water evaporators, wearable strain sensors, and flexible thermoelectric generators, that exhibit competitive performance metrics: a water evaporation rate of 2.02 kg m−2 h−1, salt rejection (20 wt.% NaCl), stable and rapid sensing toward varying human movements, an electrical conductivity of 465 S m−1, and a Seebeck coefficient of 28.21 µV K−1.
纤维素薄膜以其可持续性、高柔韧性和出色的机械强度而闻名；然而，它们通常表现出有限的光学、电学和热性能。传统的改性策略，如碳化或与导电材料的物理混合，往往是能源密集型的，往往需要专门的设备或受控的环境。在这项研究中，我们报告了一种超快的PEDOT:PSS涂层在独特的纤维素/羟基磷灰石基体上，在环境条件下仅需5秒即可完成，无需任何设备。在纤维素纤维和PEDOT:PSS之间加入羟基磷灰石纳米线，通过多次相互作用，将界面结合强度提高了2.8倍，从而实现了这种超快的涂层过程。所得到的复合薄膜有效地结合了纤维素/羟基磷灰石基体优异的亲水性和机械坚固性，以及PEDOT:PSS涂层优越的光学、电学和热性能。基于这些优势，我们展示了多功能设备，包括太阳能驱动的蒸发器、可穿戴应变传感器和柔性热电发电机，这些设备表现出具有竞争力的性能指标：水蒸发速率为2.02 kg m−2 h−1，盐去除率（20 wt.% NaCl），对不同人体运动的稳定和快速传感，电导率为465 S m−1，塞贝克系数为28.21µV K−1。
{"title":"Tailoring Interfacial Interactions Enables Ultrafast Construction of Conductive Cellulose Film Toward Superior Solar Steam Generation, Wearable Strain Sensor, and Flexible Thermoelectric Power Generator","authors":"Fei-Fei Chen, Zhichao Wu, Xiaolin Lyu, Rilong Yang, Xiaozheng Su, Hong Zhou, Yan Yu, Kefeng Lin","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530684","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulose films are known for their sustainability, high flexibility, and outstanding mechanical strength; however, they often exhibit limited optical, electrical, and thermal properties. Conventional modification strategies, such as carbonization or physical blending with conductive materials, tend to be energy-intensive and often require specialized equipment or controlled environments. In this study, we report an ultrafast coating of PEDOT:PSS onto a unique cellulose/hydroxyapatite substrate, achieved within just 5 s under ambient conditions without the need for any equipment. The incorporation of hydroxyapatite nanowires between cellulose fibers and PEDOT:PSS enhances the interfacial bonding strength by 2.8 times via multiple interactions, enabling such an ultrafast coating process. The resulting composite films effectively combine the excellent water affinity and mechanical robustness of the cellulose/hydroxyapatite substrate with the superior optical, electrical, and thermal properties of the PEDOT:PSS coating. Based on these advantages, we demonstrate multifunctional devices, including solar-driven water evaporators, wearable strain sensors, and flexible thermoelectric generators, that exhibit competitive performance metrics: a water evaporation rate of 2.02 kg m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, salt rejection (20 wt.% NaCl), stable and rapid sensing toward varying human movements, an electrical conductivity of 465 S m<sup>−1</sup>, and a Seebeck coefficient of 28.21 µV K<sup>−1</sup>.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xue Wan, Tongxiang Deng, Linda Plaude, Bo Gao, Siyao Chen, Fabien Sorin, Kaspar M. B. Jansen, Kun Zhou, Albert P. H. J. Schenning
Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber actuators are promising candidates for smart textiles owing to their reversible large-stroke actuation and high aspect ratios. However, current LCEs require ultraviolet (UV) curing and are not recyclable. In addition, research is mainly focused on flat knitted thermo-responsive textiles. Here, a scalable recycling route for smart LCE textiles is developed by melt-extruding a thermoplastic LCE containing a near-infrared photothermal dye. The LCE fibers exhibit ∼30% reversible actuation strain and display light-driven rolling motions with left- or right-turning trajectories according to their programmed twist handedness. Using commercial knitting machines, multi-material plain- and rib-knit textiles are fabricated that exhibit in-plane contraction and out-of-plane deformations including bending and twisting under thermal and photo stimuli. Circularly knitted tubular structures exhibit reversible contraction in both radial and axial directions, reaching approximately 16% in outer diameter, 19% in inner diameter, and 14% in length, enabling applications in autonomous climbing, controlled liquid release, and micro pumping. Finally, thermo-mechanical recycling yields recycled fibers and both flat and circularly knitted textile structures with nearly unchanged actuation performance and comparable mechanical properties, demonstrating robust recyclability. Our results demonstrate the creation of smart textiles that are simultaneously intelligent in function and sustainable in design.
{"title":"Thermo-Mechanically Recyclable Smart Textiles from Circularly Knitted Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fibers","authors":"Xue Wan, Tongxiang Deng, Linda Plaude, Bo Gao, Siyao Chen, Fabien Sorin, Kaspar M. B. Jansen, Kun Zhou, Albert P. H. J. Schenning","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530973","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber actuators are promising candidates for smart textiles owing to their reversible large-stroke actuation and high aspect ratios. However, current LCEs require ultraviolet (UV) curing and are not recyclable. In addition, research is mainly focused on flat knitted thermo-responsive textiles. Here, a scalable recycling route for smart LCE textiles is developed by melt-extruding a thermoplastic LCE containing a near-infrared photothermal dye. The LCE fibers exhibit ∼30% reversible actuation strain and display light-driven rolling motions with left- or right-turning trajectories according to their programmed twist handedness. Using commercial knitting machines, multi-material plain- and rib-knit textiles are fabricated that exhibit in-plane contraction and out-of-plane deformations including bending and twisting under thermal and photo stimuli. Circularly knitted tubular structures exhibit reversible contraction in both radial and axial directions, reaching approximately 16% in outer diameter, 19% in inner diameter, and 14% in length, enabling applications in autonomous climbing, controlled liquid release, and micro pumping. Finally, thermo-mechanical recycling yields recycled fibers and both flat and circularly knitted textile structures with nearly unchanged actuation performance and comparable mechanical properties, demonstrating robust recyclability. Our results demonstrate the creation of smart textiles that are simultaneously intelligent in function and sustainable in design.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To meet the requirements for long-term electrophysiological signal recording and fine muscle motion monitoring, the development of ultrathin, stretchable, skin-conformal, and breathable dry electrodes is highly desirable. In this work, we present a flexible crosslinked nanofilm coated with silver nanowires to fabricate ultrathin dry electrodes. The nanofilm is synthesized through air-liquid interfacial polymerization using a biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing linker and a calix[4]arene derivative. The incorporation of acyl-hydrazone and PEG moieties ensures strong adhesion and excellent skin conformality. After depositing silver nanowires on one side, the resulting electrode—with a thickness of only 400 nm—demonstrates a relatively low Young's modulus of 3.55 MPa, a sheet resistance of 4.95 Ω sq−1, great adhesion (36 N m−1), high gas permeability and low cytotoxicity. Multimodal sensing experiments confirm that nanofilm electrodes can detect subtle motions when attached to various body parts, including finger, elbow, wrist, knuckle, and knee. Furthermore, we integrate nanofilm electrodes with a bio-signal recording system, successfully acquiring high-quality electrocardiograms and electromyograms, as well as monitoring large muscle and fine muscle motions, where the latter is particularly challenging to record. Moreover, the combination of a deep learning algorithm enables the recognition of finger movements with high accuracy.
为了满足长期电生理信号记录和精细肌肉运动监测的要求，超薄、可拉伸、皮肤适形、透气的干电极的开发是非常可取的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种涂覆银纳米线的柔性交联纳米膜来制造超薄干电极。采用生物相容性聚乙二醇（PEG）连接剂和杯状[4]芳烃衍生物，通过气液界面聚合合成纳米膜。酰基腙和聚乙二醇的结合确保了强附着力和良好的皮肤一致性。在一侧沉积银纳米线后，得到的电极厚度仅为400 nm，其杨氏模量相对较低，为3.55 MPa，片电阻为4.95 Ω sq−1，附着力强（36 N m−1），高透气性和低细胞毒性。多模态传感实验证实，纳米膜电极可以检测到身体不同部位的细微运动，包括手指、肘部、手腕、指关节和膝盖。此外，我们将纳米膜电极与生物信号记录系统相结合，成功地获得了高质量的心电图和肌电图，以及监测大肌肉和精细肌肉的运动，后者尤其难以记录。此外，结合深度学习算法，可以对手指运动进行高精度的识别。
{"title":"Stretchable, Breathable and Skin-conformal Nanofilm-based Epidermal Dry Electrodes for Electrophysiological and Motion Monitoring","authors":"Junjie Wang, Binbin Zhai, Jing Zhang, Hanyang Ning, Qi He, Tinghao Wu, Kang Li, Chi Zhang, Yanyan Luo, Aiping Chi, Wei Ren, Zhongshan Liu, Yu Fang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202524980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202524980","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the requirements for long-term electrophysiological signal recording and fine muscle motion monitoring, the development of ultrathin, stretchable, skin-conformal, and breathable dry electrodes is highly desirable. In this work, we present a flexible crosslinked nanofilm coated with silver nanowires to fabricate ultrathin dry electrodes. The nanofilm is synthesized through air-liquid interfacial polymerization using a biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing linker and a calix[4]arene derivative. The incorporation of acyl-hydrazone and PEG moieties ensures strong adhesion and excellent skin conformality. After depositing silver nanowires on one side, the resulting electrode—with a thickness of only 400 nm—demonstrates a relatively low Young's modulus of 3.55 MPa, a sheet resistance of 4.95 Ω sq<sup>−1</sup>, great adhesion (36 N m<sup>−1</sup>), high gas permeability and low cytotoxicity. Multimodal sensing experiments confirm that nanofilm electrodes can detect subtle motions when attached to various body parts, including finger, elbow, wrist, knuckle, and knee. Furthermore, we integrate nanofilm electrodes with a bio-signal recording system, successfully acquiring high-quality electrocardiograms and electromyograms, as well as monitoring large muscle and fine muscle motions, where the latter is particularly challenging to record. Moreover, the combination of a deep learning algorithm enables the recognition of finger movements with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting generally involves the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction, which not only restricts the hydrogen evolution reaction but also yields oxygen with little economic value. Herein, a Nafion/TiO2-x photoanode is designed for coupling the PEC glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) with hydrogen production. Benefiting from charge migration between the Nafion layer and TiO2-x, this approach effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination caused by vacancy-related surface traps. It also induces band bending, thereby enhancing the directional separation of photo-generated charges. Compared to pristine TiO2, this photoanode exhibits a fivefold increase in photocurrent density, outstanding long-term stability, and an absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 100%. Furthermore, the glucose oxidation efficiency reaches 97.8%, with a Faradaic efficiency of 80% for the selective oxidation of glucose to the high-value-added product of glucaric acid. Concurrently, the Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution at the cathode is 99%, enabling simultaneous high-value organic synthesis and hydrogen co-production. Moreover, the Nafion/TiO2-x photoanode demonstrates ultra-low detection limits and linear response at ultra-low concentrations for photoelectrochemical sensing. This research offers novel insights for synergistically optimising biomass resource utilisation and clean energy production.
{"title":"Synergistic Defect Engineering and Self-Assembled Nafion on Photoanodes Enabling Selective Photoelectrochemical Glucose Oxidation Coupled H2 Production","authors":"Yushen Xiao, Junchen Wang, Tongxin Tang, Kai-Hang Ye, Jieyu Li, Shuilian Cheng, Wenhao Zou, Junwei Chen, Xiaoxin Chen, Haoxian Shao, Hengjun Xie, Shengsen Zhang, Yueping Fang, Changyu Liu, Songcan Wang, Shanqing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202528859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202528859","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting generally involves the kinetically sluggish oxygen evolution reaction, which not only restricts the hydrogen evolution reaction but also yields oxygen with little economic value. Herein, a Nafion/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> photoanode is designed for coupling the PEC glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) with hydrogen production. Benefiting from charge migration between the Nafion layer and TiO<sub>2-x</sub>, this approach effectively suppresses non-radiative recombination caused by vacancy-related surface traps. It also induces band bending, thereby enhancing the directional separation of photo-generated charges. Compared to pristine TiO<sub>2</sub>, this photoanode exhibits a fivefold increase in photocurrent density, outstanding long-term stability, and an absorbed photon-to-current conversion efficiency of 100%. Furthermore, the glucose oxidation efficiency reaches 97.8%, with a Faradaic efficiency of 80% for the selective oxidation of glucose to the high-value-added product of glucaric acid. Concurrently, the Faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution at the cathode is 99%, enabling simultaneous high-value organic synthesis and hydrogen co-production. Moreover, the Nafion/TiO<sub>2-x</sub> photoanode demonstrates ultra-low detection limits and linear response at ultra-low concentrations for photoelectrochemical sensing. This research offers novel insights for synergistically optimising biomass resource utilisation and clean energy production.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar‐driven conversion of CO 2 and H 2 O into propionic acid remains challenging due to the complexity of multi‐electron transfer processes. Here, we couple frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), surface hydroxyls, and thermal excitation to build an electron‐rich Cu microenvironment for CO 2 ‐to‐propionic acid conversion. In the In(OH) 3 /CuO x @CF catalyst, oxygen vacancies (O v ) and neighboring Cu centers form O v ─Cu FLPs, while adjacent ─OH groups serve as cooperative Lewis bases and proton reservoirs. This architecture funnels photogenerated electrons from In(OH) 3 to Cu, stabilizes Cu δ+ (0 < δ <1) species, and markedly enhances interfacial electron localization. This electron‐rich environment lowers the activation barrier for CO 2 activation, stabilizes key intermediates (*COH, *CHCO, *CH 2 COCO), and promotes sequential *CO─*COH and *CHCO─*CO coupling. Thermal further reinforces localization, accelerates interfacial charge transfer, and decreases the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, further accelerating C─C coupling. Propionic acid is achieved at a rate of 22711 µmol h −1 m −2 with 99% selectivity, yielding a solar‐to‐propionic acid efficiency of 0.15%, without sacrificial agents. This work highlights the crucial role of interfacial electron localization in multi‐electron transfer and C─C coupling, and provides general design principles for photothermal CO 2 reduction to higher‐order oxygenates.
由于多电子转移过程的复杂性，太阳能驱动的二氧化碳和h2o转化为丙酸仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们将受挫的路易斯对（FLPs）、表面羟基和热激发结合起来，建立了一个富电子的Cu微环境，用于CO 2 - to -丙酸的转化。在In(OH) 3 /CuO x @CF催化剂中，氧空位（O v）和相邻的Cu中心形成O v─Cu FLPs，而相邻的OH基团则是合作的路易斯碱和质子储存器。这种结构将光生电子从In(OH) 3引导到Cu，稳定了Cu δ+ (0 < δ <1)种，显著增强了界面电子的局域化。这种富电子环境降低了CO 2活化的激活势垒，稳定了关键中间体（*COH、*CHCO、* ch2 COCO），促进了*CO─*COH和*CHCO─*CO的序次偶联。热进一步强化了局部化，加速了界面电荷转移，降低了速率决定步骤的能量势垒，进一步加速了C─C耦合。丙酸的生成速率为22711µmol h - 1 m - 2，选择性为99%，在没有牺牲剂的情况下，太阳-丙酸效率为0.15%。这项工作强调了界面电子定位在多电子转移和C─C耦合中的关键作用，并为光热CO 2还原为高阶氧合物提供了一般设计原则。
{"title":"Interfacial Electron Localization by Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Efficient Photothermal CO 2 ‐to‐Propionic Acid Conversion","authors":"Guiwei He, Zihao Jiao, Yuting Yin, Feng Wang, Shengjie Bai, Ya Liu, Liejin Guo","doi":"10.1002/adfm.74433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.74433","url":null,"abstract":"Solar‐driven conversion of CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and H <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> O into propionic acid remains challenging due to the complexity of multi‐electron transfer processes. Here, we couple frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), surface hydroxyls, and thermal excitation to build an electron‐rich Cu microenvironment for CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ‐to‐propionic acid conversion. In the In(OH) <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> /CuO <jats:sub>x</jats:sub> @CF catalyst, oxygen vacancies (O <jats:sub>v</jats:sub> ) and neighboring Cu centers form O <jats:sub>v</jats:sub> ─Cu FLPs, while adjacent ─OH groups serve as cooperative Lewis bases and proton reservoirs. This architecture funnels photogenerated electrons from In(OH) <jats:sub>3</jats:sub> to Cu, stabilizes Cu <jats:sup>δ+</jats:sup> (0 < <jats:italic>δ</jats:italic> <1) species, and markedly enhances interfacial electron localization. This electron‐rich environment lowers the activation barrier for CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> activation, stabilizes key intermediates (*COH, *CHCO, *CH <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> COCO), and promotes sequential *CO─*COH and *CHCO─*CO coupling. Thermal further reinforces localization, accelerates interfacial charge transfer, and decreases the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step, further accelerating C─C coupling. Propionic acid is achieved at a rate of 22711 µmol h <jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> m <jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> with 99% selectivity, yielding a solar‐to‐propionic acid efficiency of 0.15%, without sacrificial agents. This work highlights the crucial role of interfacial electron localization in multi‐electron transfer and C─C coupling, and provides general design principles for photothermal CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> reduction to higher‐order oxygenates.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146145974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisha Gong, Jiming He, Zhijuan Li, Jinru Liu, Xinquan Yang, Rong Yin, Jing Xie, Bitao Lu, Kun Yu, Fei Lu, Guangqian Lan, Enling Allen Hu, Xiangjun Wang, Ruiqi Xie, Dahua Shou, Wentao Lin, Shengsheng Pan
The management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is severely hampered by the inability of existing therapies to achieve conformal fitting and sustained drug release within the dynamic, moist vaginal environment. Herein, we report a novel Janus-structured microneedle (MN) system engineered from a poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk fibroin (PVA/SF) hybrid that overcomes these critical limitations through intelligent, hydration-triggered shape adaptation. A facile one-pot process induces spontaneous spatial segregation, forming an asymmetric bilayer architecture with a PVA-rich upper layer and an SF-enriched lower layer. This unique structure enables the device to be pre-programmed into a compact coil for minimally invasive insertion, which subsequently unfurls upon vaginal moisture exposure to achieve conformal contact with irregular wound surfaces. Crucially, we decipher the shape memory mechanism through 2D correlation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These analyses reveal a sequential disruption of hydrogen bonds, while hydrophobic interactions from SF β-sheets provide exceptional mechanical stability in the hydrated state. In a rat model of severe vaginal injury, the arbutin-loaded MN (ARMN) scaffold orchestrates a holistic healing process—effectively scavenging ROS, suppressing IL-6-mediated inflammation, promoting VEGF-driven angiogenesis and PCNA-enhanced proliferation, and mitigating surgery-induced dysbiosis. This work establishes a pioneering paradigm of stimuli-responsive, self-adapting medical devices for transformative therapy in complex mucosal tissue regeneration.
{"title":"Decoding the Hydro-Mechanical Mechanism of a Shape Memory Microneedle Scaffold for Adaptive Vaginal Wound Repair","authors":"Lisha Gong, Jiming He, Zhijuan Li, Jinru Liu, Xinquan Yang, Rong Yin, Jing Xie, Bitao Lu, Kun Yu, Fei Lu, Guangqian Lan, Enling Allen Hu, Xiangjun Wang, Ruiqi Xie, Dahua Shou, Wentao Lin, Shengsheng Pan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529119","url":null,"abstract":"The management of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is severely hampered by the inability of existing therapies to achieve conformal fitting and sustained drug release within the dynamic, moist vaginal environment. Herein, we report a novel Janus-structured microneedle (MN) system engineered from a poly(vinyl alcohol)/silk fibroin (PVA/SF) hybrid that overcomes these critical limitations through intelligent, hydration-triggered shape adaptation. A facile one-pot process induces spontaneous spatial segregation, forming an asymmetric bilayer architecture with a PVA-rich upper layer and an SF-enriched lower layer. This unique structure enables the device to be pre-programmed into a compact coil for minimally invasive insertion, which subsequently unfurls upon vaginal moisture exposure to achieve conformal contact with irregular wound surfaces. Crucially, we decipher the shape memory mechanism through 2D correlation spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. These analyses reveal a sequential disruption of hydrogen bonds, while hydrophobic interactions from SF β-sheets provide exceptional mechanical stability in the hydrated state. In a rat model of severe vaginal injury, the arbutin-loaded MN (ARMN) scaffold orchestrates a holistic healing process—effectively scavenging ROS, suppressing IL-6-mediated inflammation, promoting VEGF-driven angiogenesis and PCNA-enhanced proliferation, and mitigating surgery-induced dysbiosis. This work establishes a pioneering paradigm of stimuli-responsive, self-adapting medical devices for transformative therapy in complex mucosal tissue regeneration.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1–2.5 µm) spectral window has recently attracted intense attention owing to its intrinsically low scattering, deep penetration, and exceptional robustness under complex environments, capabilities that far surpass those of visible and near-infrared systems. These advantages have positioned SWIR photonics at the core of emerging applications ranging from biomedical imaging and environmental monitoring to autonomous sensing and optical communication. Although state-of-the-art SWIR technologies are predominantly based on inorganic semiconductors such as InGaAs, their high cost, rigidity, and limited compatibility with flexible or biocompatible platforms constrain further deployment. Organic semiconductors have therefore emerged as a compelling alternative, offering molecular tunability, solution processability, mechanical compliance, and scalability for large-area manufacturing. This review provides an overview of recent developments in SWIR materials, emphasizing donor-acceptor small molecules and polymers featuring band gaps below 1.24 eV. Topics addressed include molecular design strategies, structure-property relationships, distinct SWIR absorption and emission characteristics, and their device performance and representative applications in organic photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. Finally, we identify key challenges related to nonradiative losses, stability, charge management, and material–device integration and provide a forward-looking perspective for the development of next-generation SWIR organic optoelectronics.
{"title":"Shortwave Infrared Organic Optoelectronic Materials and Devices: Organic Photodetectors, Organic Solar Cells and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"Renlong Li, Yi Zhang, Shuaiqi Li, Jingwen Chen, Yunhao Cao, Dingyuan Xing, Yazhong Wang, Fei Huang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202532119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202532119","url":null,"abstract":"The short-wave infrared (SWIR, 1–2.5 µm) spectral window has recently attracted intense attention owing to its intrinsically low scattering, deep penetration, and exceptional robustness under complex environments, capabilities that far surpass those of visible and near-infrared systems. These advantages have positioned SWIR photonics at the core of emerging applications ranging from biomedical imaging and environmental monitoring to autonomous sensing and optical communication. Although state-of-the-art SWIR technologies are predominantly based on inorganic semiconductors such as InGaAs, their high cost, rigidity, and limited compatibility with flexible or biocompatible platforms constrain further deployment. Organic semiconductors have therefore emerged as a compelling alternative, offering molecular tunability, solution processability, mechanical compliance, and scalability for large-area manufacturing. This review provides an overview of recent developments in SWIR materials, emphasizing donor-acceptor small molecules and polymers featuring band gaps below 1.24 eV. Topics addressed include molecular design strategies, structure-property relationships, distinct SWIR absorption and emission characteristics, and their device performance and representative applications in organic photodetectors, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. Finally, we identify key challenges related to nonradiative losses, stability, charge management, and material–device integration and provide a forward-looking perspective for the development of next-generation SWIR organic optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"234 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhonghui Li, Shuang Liang, Haoyuan Li, Yuming Zhou, Xiaohai Bu, Man He
The rapid advancement of intelligent electronics and radar technologies has created an urgent demand for stimuli-responsive microwave absorbers with dynamically tunable electromagnetic properties. However, most high-performance absorbers remain fixed in their electromagnetic properties after fabrication, limiting adaptability to varying electromagnetic environments. Here, a magnetically reconfigurable Ni@CNT—cellulose liquid crystal film (NCCF) is constructed with a solid-shell/fluid-core architecture based on renewable hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The fluid cholesteric core endows Ni@CNT chains (NCC) with rotational freedom, while the solidified shell preserves mechanical robustness. Under magnetic fields, NCC rotation induces concurrent reorganization of the surrounding HPC matrix through interfacial hydrogen bonding, yielding a multiscale anisotropic framework. The films feature pronounced orientation-dependent microwave absorption (MA), where magnetic-field-induced structural reconfiguration reorganize conductive pathways, dipolar interfaces, and magnetic coupling domains, enabling programmable modulation of Reflection loss (RLmin) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). This tunability follows a clear performance trend (NCCF-H > NCCF-R > NCCF-V > NCPF), corresponding to progressively strengthened anisotropic dissipation networks. Consequently, the horizontally aligned NCCF exhibits the strongest attenuation (RLmin = −42 dB at 12 GHz) with X−Ku-band-wide absorption. This work provides a sustainable and scalable strategy for constructing next-generation adaptive electromagnetic absorbers by integrating renewable cellulose liquid crystals with magnetically responsive nanochains.
{"title":"Intelligent Magnetically Reconfigurable Biomass Liquid Crystal Films with a Solid-Shell/Fluid-Core Anisotropic Architecture for Programmable Microwave Absorption","authors":"Zhonghui Li, Shuang Liang, Haoyuan Li, Yuming Zhou, Xiaohai Bu, Man He","doi":"10.1002/adfm.74411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.74411","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancement of intelligent electronics and radar technologies has created an urgent demand for stimuli-responsive microwave absorbers with dynamically tunable electromagnetic properties. However, most high-performance absorbers remain fixed in their electromagnetic properties after fabrication, limiting adaptability to varying electromagnetic environments. Here, a magnetically reconfigurable Ni@CNT—cellulose liquid crystal film (NCCF) is constructed with a solid-shell/fluid-core architecture based on renewable hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC). The fluid cholesteric core endows Ni@CNT chains (NCC) with rotational freedom, while the solidified shell preserves mechanical robustness. Under magnetic fields, NCC rotation induces concurrent reorganization of the surrounding HPC matrix through interfacial hydrogen bonding, yielding a multiscale anisotropic framework. The films feature pronounced orientation-dependent microwave absorption (MA), where magnetic-field-induced structural reconfiguration reorganize conductive pathways, dipolar interfaces, and magnetic coupling domains, enabling programmable modulation of Reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). This tunability follows a clear performance trend (NCCF-H > NCCF-R > NCCF-V > NCPF), corresponding to progressively strengthened anisotropic dissipation networks. Consequently, the horizontally aligned NCCF exhibits the strongest attenuation (RL<sub>min</sub> = −42 dB at 12 GHz) with X−Ku-band-wide absorption. This work provides a sustainable and scalable strategy for constructing next-generation adaptive electromagnetic absorbers by integrating renewable cellulose liquid crystals with magnetically responsive nanochains.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sunmin Kim, Minji Kim, Jonghyuk Lee, Miju Ku, Insuk Song, Fritz B. Prinz, Young-Beom Kim
The development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with sulfide-based solid electrolytes is a promising strategy for realizing safe Li-ion storage systems with high energy densities. However, the practical implementation of Ni-rich layered cathode active materials (CAMs) with superior theoretical capacities remains hindered by their interfacial instability in sulfide electrolytes and intrinsic structural degradation caused by cation mixing and oxygen losses. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel flash-light sintering (FLS) technique that can rapidly generate a conformal NiO-like protective surface layer directly from the CAM lattice without using external precursors or extensive thermal treatments. This uniformly engineered nanoscale surface layer undergoes robust chemical and mechanical stabilization by blocking direct contact with the electrolyte, thereby significantly inhibiting parasitic interfacial reactions. Additionally, the NiO-like shell acts as a rigid structural pillar, effectively preventing cation migration, layered-to-rock-salt phase transitions, and the subsequent lattice collapse, thereby preserving the electrochemically active core. Electrochemical assessments demonstrate significantly enhanced performance; at a charge rate of 0.1 C in the normal voltage window, the capacity retention after 100 cycles improves from 55% with 103.8 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 89.13% for the pristine material to 81% with 152.1 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% for the treated material. In an extended cut-off window, the capacity retention improves from 40% with 90.9 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 86.98% to 78% with 166.3 mAh g−1 and a Coulombic efficiency of 98.9%. Owing to its rapid, scalable, and highly controllable nature, FLS offers a compelling approach for practical surface engineering with a substantial potential for improving both the performance and safety of ASSBs and extending their applicability to various functional oxide materials that require precise and efficient surface modifications.
利用硫化物基固体电解质开发全固态电池（assb）是实现高能量密度安全锂离子存储系统的一个很有前途的策略。然而，具有优越理论容量的富镍层状阴极活性材料（CAMs）的实际实施仍然受到其在硫化物电解质中的界面不稳定性以及阳离子混合和氧损失引起的固有结构降解的阻碍。为了解决这些挑战，本研究引入了一种新的闪光灯烧结（FLS）技术，该技术可以直接从CAM晶格快速生成保形的NiO-like保护表面层，而无需使用外部前驱体或广泛的热处理。通过阻断与电解质的直接接触，这种统一设计的纳米级表面层具有强大的化学和机械稳定性，从而显著抑制寄生界面反应。此外，类nio壳作为刚性结构支柱，有效防止阳离子迁移，层状到岩盐的相变以及随后的晶格崩溃，从而保持电化学活性的核心。电化学评价表明性能显著提高；当充电速率为0.1 C时，经过100次循环后，原始材料的容量保持率从103.8 mAh g−1时的55%和89.13%提高到152.1 mAh g−1时的81%和99.78%的库仑效率。在延长的截止窗口中，容量保持率从90.9 mAh g−1时的40%和库仑效率的86.98%提高到166.3 mAh g−1时的78%和98.9%。由于其快速、可扩展和高度可控的特性，FLS为实际表面工程提供了一种引人注目的方法，具有提高assb性能和安全性的巨大潜力，并扩展了其适用于需要精确和高效表面改性的各种功能氧化物材料。
{"title":"Enhanced Cycling Stability of High-Voltage Ni-Rich Cathodes With Autogenous Robust Surfaces for All-Solid-State Batteries","authors":"Sunmin Kim, Minji Kim, Jonghyuk Lee, Miju Ku, Insuk Song, Fritz B. Prinz, Young-Beom Kim","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531810","url":null,"abstract":"The development of all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with sulfide-based solid electrolytes is a promising strategy for realizing safe Li-ion storage systems with high energy densities. However, the practical implementation of Ni-rich layered cathode active materials (CAMs) with superior theoretical capacities remains hindered by their interfacial instability in sulfide electrolytes and intrinsic structural degradation caused by cation mixing and oxygen losses. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel flash-light sintering (FLS) technique that can rapidly generate a conformal NiO-like protective surface layer directly from the CAM lattice without using external precursors or extensive thermal treatments. This uniformly engineered nanoscale surface layer undergoes robust chemical and mechanical stabilization by blocking direct contact with the electrolyte, thereby significantly inhibiting parasitic interfacial reactions. Additionally, the NiO-like shell acts as a rigid structural pillar, effectively preventing cation migration, layered-to-rock-salt phase transitions, and the subsequent lattice collapse, thereby preserving the electrochemically active core. Electrochemical assessments demonstrate significantly enhanced performance; at a charge rate of 0.1 C in the normal voltage window, the capacity retention after 100 cycles improves from 55% with 103.8 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and a Coulombic efficiency of 89.13% for the pristine material to 81% with 152.1 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and a Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% for the treated material. In an extended cut-off window, the capacity retention improves from 40% with 90.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and a Coulombic efficiency of 86.98% to 78% with 166.3 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> and a Coulombic efficiency of 98.9%. Owing to its rapid, scalable, and highly controllable nature, FLS offers a compelling approach for practical surface engineering with a substantial potential for improving both the performance and safety of ASSBs and extending their applicability to various functional oxide materials that require precise and efficient surface modifications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"295 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lianghao Guo, Yue Cheng, Cong Li, Xiaoyu Guo, Jiankai Yin, Dadong Fan, Zhenyu Xu, Chenyu Tang, Arokia Nathan, Shuo Gao, Li Tao, Luigi G. Occhipinti
Reliable environmental perception for small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) remains challenging under rapid ego-motion, visual blind regions, and aerodynamic disturbances. Inspired by birds’ efficient sensing-to-computing pathways, we design a multimodal joint-modulation hardware system in which a 2D floating-gate (FG) memory serves as the computing core, integrating visual, inertial, and wind-field cues to enable fast and stable tracking and obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments.
{"title":"Bio-Inspired Multimodal Hardware Front-End Enabled by 2D Floating-Gate Memory for UAV Perception","authors":"Lianghao Guo, Yue Cheng, Cong Li, Xiaoyu Guo, Jiankai Yin, Dadong Fan, Zhenyu Xu, Chenyu Tang, Arokia Nathan, Shuo Gao, Li Tao, Luigi G. Occhipinti","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531983","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable environmental perception for small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) remains challenging under rapid ego-motion, visual blind regions, and aerodynamic disturbances. Inspired by birds’ efficient sensing-to-computing pathways, we design a multimodal joint-modulation hardware system in which a 2D floating-gate (FG) memory serves as the computing core, integrating visual, inertial, and wind-field cues to enable fast and stable tracking and obstacle avoidance in dynamic environments.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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