Hui Jin, Neil Mallo, Guanran Zhang, Oliver Lindsay, Ronan Chu, Mile Gao, Shaun McAnally, Isaac M. Etchells, Paul L. Burn, Ian R. Gentle, Paul E. Shaw
The third component in a ternary organic solar cell (OSC) is generally selected to maximize absorption of the solar spectrum. The fused ring non-fullerene acceptor 2,2′-[({4,4,9,9-tetra-n-octyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl}bis{benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl})bis(methaneylylidene)]dimalononitrile (o-IDT-BT-DCV) was investigated for use in binary and ternary OSCs. The optimized binary device with o-IDT-BT-DCV as the acceptor and PM6 as the donor had a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.8%. Incorporation of o-IDT-BT-DCV into a donor:acceptor PM6:Y6 blend delivered a ternary OSC with a maximum PCE of 16.2%. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS), transient photovoltage (TPV), and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements in combination showed that o-IDT-BT-DCV in the ternary blend did not behave as an acceptor. Instead, it contributed to charge carrier generation through a sub-picosecond energy transfer process to Y6, followed by a photoinduced hole transfer mechanism with PM6 and/or spontaneous exciton dissociation within the Y6 phase. Encapsulated ternary blend devices were found to be more stable than the binary blend solar cells. Under 1-sun illumination and maximum power point (MPP) tracking, excluding the initial burn-in loss, the ternary device retained ≈80% of its MPP over 1200 h compared to the 40% retained by the PM6:Y6 devices.
{"title":"Switching From Acceptor to FRET Donor: How the Organic Solar Cell Architecture Can Change the Role of a Chromophore","authors":"Hui Jin, Neil Mallo, Guanran Zhang, Oliver Lindsay, Ronan Chu, Mile Gao, Shaun McAnally, Isaac M. Etchells, Paul L. Burn, Ian R. Gentle, Paul E. Shaw","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202420416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202420416","url":null,"abstract":"The third component in a ternary organic solar cell (OSC) is generally selected to maximize absorption of the solar spectrum. The fused ring non-fullerene acceptor 2,2′-[({4,4,9,9-tetra-<i>n</i>-octyl-4,9-dihydro-<i>s</i>-indaceno[1,2-<i>b</i>:5,6-<i>b</i>']dithiophene-2,7-diyl}bis{benzo[<i>c</i>][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl})bis(methaneylylidene)]dimalononitrile (<b>o-IDT-BT-DCV</b>) was investigated for use in binary and ternary OSCs. The optimized binary device with <b>o-IDT-BT-DCV</b> as the acceptor and PM6 as the donor had a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.8%. Incorporation of <b>o-IDT-BT-DCV</b> into a donor:acceptor PM6:Y6 blend delivered a ternary OSC with a maximum PCE of 16.2%. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs-TAS), transient photovoltage (TPV), and transient photocurrent (TPC) measurements in combination showed that <b>o-IDT-BT-DCV</b> in the ternary blend did not behave as an acceptor. Instead, it contributed to charge carrier generation through a sub-picosecond energy transfer process to Y6, followed by a photoinduced hole transfer mechanism with PM6 and/or spontaneous exciton dissociation within the Y6 phase. Encapsulated ternary blend devices were found to be more stable than the binary blend solar cells. Under 1-sun illumination and maximum power point (MPP) tracking, excluding the initial burn-in loss, the ternary device retained ≈80% of its MPP over 1200 h compared to the 40% retained by the PM6:Y6 devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jae Uk Yoon, Insun Woo, Prasad Gajula, Jin Woo Bae
Smart flooring embedded with TENG technology enhances safety and security in dream homes by generating energy through movement, providing real‐time alerts and monitoring capabilities. Research on smart flooring is limited, particularly concerning its washability, which remains a significant drawback. To tackle this challenge, an innovative solution is developed that is not only washable but also flexible and durable, combining barium titanate (BT) and graphite fluorinated polymer (FG) within an Ecoflex (EC) matrix, utilizing a sandwich‐style single‐electrode TENG (SWSE‐TENG) configuration. This design exhibits remarkable triboelectric performance, achieving an open‐circuit potential of 1000 V and a short‐circuit current of 25 µA when tapped with a nitrile‐glove‐clad hand. Extensive testing under various conditions such as humidity, water immersion, and frequent washing demonstrates outstanding stability and resilience. The SWSE‐TENG smart flooring shows promising applications in safety, security, and athletic environments. Prior to this, EC‐BT‐FG composites with varying BT and FG concentrations using a facile casting technique are fabricated, systematically analyzing their structural, crystalline, and electrical properties. Notably, the 5 wt% BT and 5 wt% FG embedded EC composite (EC‐5‐5) exhibits superior triboelectric performance, making it the optimal choice for this innovative flooring solution.
{"title":"Creating Smart Washable Flooring: Sandwich‐Style Single‐Electrode Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Barium Titanate and Graphite‐Fluorinated Polymer‐Infused Ecoflex Hybrid Composites for Enhanced Safety and Security","authors":"Jae Uk Yoon, Insun Woo, Prasad Gajula, Jin Woo Bae","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421977","url":null,"abstract":"Smart flooring embedded with TENG technology enhances safety and security in dream homes by generating energy through movement, providing real‐time alerts and monitoring capabilities. Research on smart flooring is limited, particularly concerning its washability, which remains a significant drawback. To tackle this challenge, an innovative solution is developed that is not only washable but also flexible and durable, combining barium titanate (BT) and graphite fluorinated polymer (FG) within an Ecoflex (EC) matrix, utilizing a sandwich‐style single‐electrode TENG (SWSE‐TENG) configuration. This design exhibits remarkable triboelectric performance, achieving an open‐circuit potential of 1000 V and a short‐circuit current of 25 µA when tapped with a nitrile‐glove‐clad hand. Extensive testing under various conditions such as humidity, water immersion, and frequent washing demonstrates outstanding stability and resilience. The SWSE‐TENG smart flooring shows promising applications in safety, security, and athletic environments. Prior to this, EC‐BT‐FG composites with varying BT and FG concentrations using a facile casting technique are fabricated, systematically analyzing their structural, crystalline, and electrical properties. Notably, the 5 wt% BT and 5 wt% FG embedded EC composite (EC‐5‐5) exhibits superior triboelectric performance, making it the optimal choice for this innovative flooring solution.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) are regarded as self-organized 3D chiral soft photonic crystals with iridescent, tunable, and circularly polarized structural colors. However, arbitrary patterning of BPLCs with satisfactory microscopic self-assembly remains challenging. Here, the direct ink writing of 3D chiral soft photonic crystals using BPLC precursor inks is reported. The dynamic evolution of a BPLC ink droplet cooling from an isotropic state to a blue phase state is studied to prepare mono-domain BPLCs with high reflectivity. The diverse macroscopic design of BPLC patterns can be obtained by printing the BPLC inks on different substrates, and controlled self-assembly enables high color brightness, circularly polarized reflection, and sufficient thermal stability after photo-polymerization. Interestingly, the angle-dependent optical properties of the printed lines and faces are found to be different due to the 3D photonic nanostructures of BPLCs. The research disclosed here provides unprecedented controllability in the fabrication of patterned 3D soft photonic crystals and extends their applications in displays, optical devices, 3D optics, and photonics.
{"title":"Direct Ink Writing of 3D Chiral Soft Photonic Crystals","authors":"Cristian Valenzuela, Shaoshuai Ma, Yanzhao Yang, Yuanhao Chen, Xuan Zhang, Ling Wang, Wei Feng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421280","url":null,"abstract":"Blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs) are regarded as self-organized 3D chiral soft photonic crystals with iridescent, tunable, and circularly polarized structural colors. However, arbitrary patterning of BPLCs with satisfactory microscopic self-assembly remains challenging. Here, the direct ink writing of 3D chiral soft photonic crystals using BPLC precursor inks is reported. The dynamic evolution of a BPLC ink droplet cooling from an isotropic state to a blue phase state is studied to prepare mono-domain BPLCs with high reflectivity. The diverse macroscopic design of BPLC patterns can be obtained by printing the BPLC inks on different substrates, and controlled self-assembly enables high color brightness, circularly polarized reflection, and sufficient thermal stability after photo-polymerization. Interestingly, the angle-dependent optical properties of the printed lines and faces are found to be different due to the 3D photonic nanostructures of BPLCs. The research disclosed here provides unprecedented controllability in the fabrication of patterned 3D soft photonic crystals and extends their applications in displays, optical devices, 3D optics, and photonics.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ultralow friction properties of 2D materials present significant potential for energy-saving application. Atomic force microscopy experiments on the moiré superlattice of stacked 2D materials reveal that, beyond atomic stick-slip dynamics, friction behaviors at the moiré scale introduce a new dominant energy dissipation mechanism. However, understanding these behaviors remains challenging due to the complex interplay between atomic and moiré scale effects. Here, through large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of a tip scanning on a graphene/h-BN heterostructure, it is demonstrated that transitions between stick-slip and smooth sliding behaviors can be tuned at both atomic and moiré scales. Specifically, atomic-scale friction behavior is governed by the commensurability of tip-surface contact, while moiré-scale friction behavior arises from a load-dependent competition between expulsive interactions at tip/surface-indentation region and adhesive interactions at tip/surface-ripple region. The moiré stick-slip behavior occurs due to the more rapid shift of the protruding domain wall region as the tip crossing it under higher load. Furthermore, greater stretching of graphene bonds during domain wall crossing enhances energy dissipation. This moiré stick-slip behavior persists, albeit attenuated, in tri-layer systems. This findings provide new insights into friction at multiple length scales and may inform future studies of friction in multilayer superlattices.
{"title":"Dual-Scale Friction Dynamics Associated with Moiré Superlattices in Layered Materials","authors":"Huizhong Bai, Guijin Zou, Hongwei Bao, Suzhi Li, Fei Ma, Huajian Gao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202420760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202420760","url":null,"abstract":"The ultralow friction properties of 2D materials present significant potential for energy-saving application. Atomic force microscopy experiments on the moiré superlattice of stacked 2D materials reveal that, beyond atomic stick-slip dynamics, friction behaviors at the moiré scale introduce a new dominant energy dissipation mechanism. However, understanding these behaviors remains challenging due to the complex interplay between atomic and moiré scale effects. Here, through large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of a tip scanning on a graphene/h-BN heterostructure, it is demonstrated that transitions between stick-slip and smooth sliding behaviors can be tuned at both atomic and moiré scales. Specifically, atomic-scale friction behavior is governed by the commensurability of tip-surface contact, while moiré-scale friction behavior arises from a load-dependent competition between expulsive interactions at tip/surface-indentation region and adhesive interactions at tip/surface-ripple region. The moiré stick-slip behavior occurs due to the more rapid shift of the protruding domain wall region as the tip crossing it under higher load. Furthermore, greater stretching of graphene bonds during domain wall crossing enhances energy dissipation. This moiré stick-slip behavior persists, albeit attenuated, in tri-layer systems. This findings provide new insights into friction at multiple length scales and may inform future studies of friction in multilayer superlattices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the initially published version of this article, the flow cytometer images of SMM103 cells in Figure 2F (a) and (b) were identical. This error occurred due to an incorrect “copy” and “paste” action during the figure organization. Below is the corrected Figure 2F. The correction does not affect any other results or the scientific conclusions. We apologize for this error.
Figure 2
Open in figure viewerPowerPoint
(F) Melanoma cells and lymphocytes were incubated with 50 µg mL−1 (a) or 25 µg mL−1 (b) FITC-labeled MSNP-PAA-PEG for 24, 48, and 72 h. The internalizations were determined by a flow cytometer.
{"title":"Correction to [MAPK-Targeted Drug Delivered by a pH-Sensitive MSNP Nanocarrier Synergizes with PD-1 Blockade in Melanoma Without T-Cell Suppression]","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202425023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202425023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201806916</p>\u0000<p>In the initially published version of this article, the flow cytometer images of SMM103 cells in Figure 2F (a) and (b) were identical. This error occurred due to an incorrect “copy” and “paste” action during the figure organization. Below is the corrected Figure 2F. The correction does not affect any other results or the scientific conclusions. We apologize for this error.</p>\u0000<figure><picture>\u0000<source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/62110542-091b-4b22-98a0-93210bdb49db/adfm202425023-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/><img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/62110542-091b-4b22-98a0-93210bdb49db/adfm202425023-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/5e96d044-14cc-4c82-b8ce-09137e90ce05/adfm202425023-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/></picture><figcaption>\u0000<div><strong>Figure 2<span style=\"font-weight:normal\"></span></strong><div>Open in figure viewer<i aria-hidden=\"true\"></i><span>PowerPoint</span></div>\u0000</div>\u0000<div>(F) Melanoma cells and lymphocytes were incubated with 50 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> (a) or 25 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> (b) FITC-labeled MSNP-PAA-PEG for 24, 48, and 72 h. The internalizations were determined by a flow cytometer.</div>\u0000</figcaption>\u0000</figure>","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boyong Wu, Tong Yan, Sucheng Liu, Yufeng Su, Cong Xiang, Minjian Li, Zhiming Cui, Li Du, Zhenxing Liang, Huiyu Song
Aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising option for energy storage on a large scale. However, the unsteady electric double layer (EDL) that causes the continuous H2O and SO42− induced side reactions and byproducts, results in unstable anode electrolyte interphase (AEI) and restricts the practical application of AZIBs. A novel EDL reconstruction strategy is proposed by a prior adsorption process of the organic molecules, achieving steady AEI and uniform Zn deposition. Experimental results and theoretical calculations illustrate that the zinc acetylacetonate (Zn(C5H7O2)2, Zn(acac)2) that conceives a pair of polar groups (─C═O) contributes to stability of AEI. As a result, the electrolyte with Zn(acac)2 additive (ZnSO4 + Zn(acac)2, ZAH) realizes Zn//Zn cells a highly invertible plating/stripping performance over 2400 h with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.55%. Moreover, the Zn//NH4V4O10 pouch cells with ZAH electrolyte maintain an impressive capacity retention of 55.81% during 3000 cycles. These results spotlight the enormous potential of Zn(acac)2 additive, providing promising feasibility on highly reversible Zn anodes.
{"title":"Reconstructing Electric Double Layer with β-diketone Additive for Highly Invertible Zn Anode","authors":"Boyong Wu, Tong Yan, Sucheng Liu, Yufeng Su, Cong Xiang, Minjian Li, Zhiming Cui, Li Du, Zhenxing Liang, Huiyu Song","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421244","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a promising option for energy storage on a large scale. However, the unsteady electric double layer (EDL) that causes the continuous H<sub>2</sub>O and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> induced side reactions and byproducts, results in unstable anode electrolyte interphase (AEI) and restricts the practical application of AZIBs. A novel EDL reconstruction strategy is proposed by a prior adsorption process of the organic molecules, achieving steady AEI and uniform Zn deposition. Experimental results and theoretical calculations illustrate that the zinc acetylacetonate (Zn(C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>7</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, Zn(acac)<sub>2</sub>) that conceives a pair of polar groups (─C═O) contributes to stability of AEI. As a result, the electrolyte with Zn(acac)<sub>2</sub> additive (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> + Zn(acac)<sub>2</sub>, ZAH) realizes Zn//Zn cells a highly invertible plating/stripping performance over 2400 h with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.55%. Moreover, the Zn//NH<sub>4</sub>V<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub> pouch cells with ZAH electrolyte maintain an impressive capacity retention of 55.81% during 3000 cycles. These results spotlight the enormous potential of Zn(acac)<sub>2</sub> additive, providing promising feasibility on highly reversible Zn anodes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maria V. Efremova, Ulf Wiedwald, Felix Sigmund, Silviu-Vasile Bodea, Hendrik Ohldag, Thomas Feggeler, Ralf Meckenstock, Lorenz N. Panzl, Jeroen Francke, Irina Beer, Natalia P. Ivleva, Irina B. Alieva, Anastasiia S. Garanina, Alevtina S. Semkina, Franziska Curdt, Nicolas Josten, Sebastian Wintz, Michael Farle, Reinoud Lavrijsen, Maxim A. Abakumov, Michael Winklhofer, Gil G. Westmeyer
Magnetic nanoparticles have proven invaluable for biomechanical investigations due to their ability to exert localized forces. However, cellular delivery of exogenous magnetic agents often results in endosomal entrapment, thereby limiting their utility for manipulating subcellular structures. This study characterizes and exploits fully genetically controlled biomineralization of iron-oxide cores inside encapsulin nanocompartments to enable magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and magnetic cell manipulation. The fraction of MACS-retained cells showed substantial overexpression of encapsulins and exhibited both para- and ferrimagnetic responses with magnetic moments of 10−15 A m2 per cell, comparable to standard exogenous labels for MACS. Electron microscopy revealed that MACS-retained cells contained densely packed agglomerates of ≈30 nm iron oxide cores consisting of ultrafine quasicrystalline ordered nuclei within an amorphous matrix of iron, oxygen, and phosphorus. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Raman microspectroscopy confirmed that the iron-oxide species are consistent with ferric oxide (Fe2O3). In addition, the encapsulin-overexpressing MACS-retained cells can be manipulated by a magnetic needle and regrown in patterns determined by magnetic gradients. This study demonstrates that the formation of quasicrystalline iron oxide with mixed para/ferrimagnetic behavior in the cytosol of mammalian cells enables magnetic manipulation without the delivery of exogenous agents.
{"title":"Genetically Controlled Iron Oxide Biomineralization in Encapsulin Nanocompartments for Magnetic Manipulation of a Mammalian Cell Line","authors":"Maria V. Efremova, Ulf Wiedwald, Felix Sigmund, Silviu-Vasile Bodea, Hendrik Ohldag, Thomas Feggeler, Ralf Meckenstock, Lorenz N. Panzl, Jeroen Francke, Irina Beer, Natalia P. Ivleva, Irina B. Alieva, Anastasiia S. Garanina, Alevtina S. Semkina, Franziska Curdt, Nicolas Josten, Sebastian Wintz, Michael Farle, Reinoud Lavrijsen, Maxim A. Abakumov, Michael Winklhofer, Gil G. Westmeyer","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202418013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202418013","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic nanoparticles have proven invaluable for biomechanical investigations due to their ability to exert localized forces. However, cellular delivery of exogenous magnetic agents often results in endosomal entrapment, thereby limiting their utility for manipulating subcellular structures. This study characterizes and exploits fully genetically controlled biomineralization of iron-oxide cores inside encapsulin nanocompartments to enable magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) and magnetic cell manipulation. The fraction of MACS-retained cells showed substantial overexpression of encapsulins and exhibited both para- and ferrimagnetic responses with magnetic moments of 10<sup>−15</sup> A m<sup>2</sup> per cell, comparable to standard exogenous labels for MACS. Electron microscopy revealed that MACS-retained cells contained densely packed agglomerates of ≈30 nm iron oxide cores consisting of ultrafine quasicrystalline ordered nuclei within an amorphous matrix of iron, oxygen, and phosphorus. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Raman microspectroscopy confirmed that the iron-oxide species are consistent with ferric oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). In addition, the encapsulin-overexpressing MACS-retained cells can be manipulated by a magnetic needle and regrown in patterns determined by magnetic gradients. This study demonstrates that the formation of quasicrystalline iron oxide with mixed para/ferrimagnetic behavior in the cytosol of mammalian cells enables magnetic manipulation without the delivery of exogenous agents.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiazhe Liu, Ruoyao Zhang, Yixuan Bao, Yijun Chen, Wenfang Zheng, Jianing Yuan, Zhuomiao Zhang, Pu Chen, Meiju Ji, Yangyang Cheng, Peng Hou, Dongfeng Dang, Dan Ding, Chao Chen
The blockade of interactions between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cell surfaces and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptors on T cells is a crucial strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, the continuous replenishment of PD-L1 from intracellular stores presents a significant challenge that undermines therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, effective downregulation of intracellular PD-L1 is essential for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, a novel approach that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative stress to achieve highly efficient and universal PD-L1 degradation is presented. A cationic aggregation-induced emission-active photosensitizer, DPA-B-YP+, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress on demand is developed. Compared to traditional high-performance PD-L1 degraders such as metformin and berberine, ROS-induced mitochondrial stress by DPA-B-YP+ demonstrates superior efficiency and broader applicability in PD-L1 degradation across various tumor types. Mechanistic studies reveal that PD-L1 degradation by DPA-B-YP+ occurs via the AMPK-ubiquitination pathway. Furthermore, in a murine immunogenic “cold” tumor model, DPA-B-YP+ effectively degrades PD-L1 and significantly enhances CD8+ T cell-mediated immune responses upon light activation, without the need for additional drugs or immune adjuvants. These findings present a novel approach and material for PD-L1 degradation, contributing to advancements in cancer immunotherapy.
{"title":"Highly Efficient and Universal Degradation of PD-L1 via Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Evoked by Cationic AIE-Active Photosensitizers for Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Jiazhe Liu, Ruoyao Zhang, Yixuan Bao, Yijun Chen, Wenfang Zheng, Jianing Yuan, Zhuomiao Zhang, Pu Chen, Meiju Ji, Yangyang Cheng, Peng Hou, Dongfeng Dang, Dan Ding, Chao Chen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202414495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202414495","url":null,"abstract":"The blockade of interactions between programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on cancer cell surfaces and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptors on T cells is a crucial strategy in cancer immunotherapy. However, the continuous replenishment of PD-L1 from intracellular stores presents a significant challenge that undermines therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, effective downregulation of intracellular PD-L1 is essential for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, a novel approach that utilizes mitochondrial oxidative stress to achieve highly efficient and universal PD-L1 degradation is presented. A cationic aggregation-induced emission-active photosensitizer, DPA-B-YP<sup>+</sup>, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon light activation to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress on demand is developed. Compared to traditional high-performance PD-L1 degraders such as metformin and berberine, ROS-induced mitochondrial stress by DPA-B-YP<sup>+</sup> demonstrates superior efficiency and broader applicability in PD-L1 degradation across various tumor types. Mechanistic studies reveal that PD-L1 degradation by DPA-B-YP<sup>+</sup> occurs via the AMPK-ubiquitination pathway. Furthermore, in a murine immunogenic “cold” tumor model, DPA-B-YP<sup>+</sup> effectively degrades PD-L1 and significantly enhances CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell-mediated immune responses upon light activation, without the need for additional drugs or immune adjuvants. These findings present a novel approach and material for PD-L1 degradation, contributing to advancements in cancer immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xun Wang, Yuting Lin, Ying Zhang, Shilin Xu, Mingyu Liu, Yaoxi Shen, Yingzhen Gong, Yarui Xiong, Yi Hu
Flexible alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) devices integrated into textiles are gaining significant attention for their potential in lighting displays and health monitoring applications. Traditional challenges include high-voltage “breakdown” and limited color output due to the inherent properties of ZnS:Cu. This study introduces a novel multi-color ACEL device featuring a fluorescent dye color conversion layer alongside a robust protective layer designed to enhance device stability. The optimal ratio of dielectric layer concentration and protective layer thickness is systematically investigated to mitigate the risk of “breakdown”. Utilizing the principles of photoluminescence and electroluminescence, luminous electronic textile devices is successfully developed that exhibit both purple and green luminescence. Additionally, integration with a temperature sensor enables the device to serve as a health-monitoring tool by signaling changes in body temperature. This research delineates the protective capabilities of the protective layer and the efficacy of the color conversion mechanism in maintaining consistent brightness under various conditions. The findings suggest a viable pathway for broadening applications and potentially accelerating the commercialization of wearable electroluminescent technologies.
{"title":"Coplanar Pattern and Temperature Transient Control in Intelligent Wearable Multi-Color Alternating Current Electroluminescence Devices","authors":"Xun Wang, Yuting Lin, Ying Zhang, Shilin Xu, Mingyu Liu, Yaoxi Shen, Yingzhen Gong, Yarui Xiong, Yi Hu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202420613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202420613","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) devices integrated into textiles are gaining significant attention for their potential in lighting displays and health monitoring applications. Traditional challenges include high-voltage “breakdown” and limited color output due to the inherent properties of ZnS:Cu. This study introduces a novel multi-color ACEL device featuring a fluorescent dye color conversion layer alongside a robust protective layer designed to enhance device stability. The optimal ratio of dielectric layer concentration and protective layer thickness is systematically investigated to mitigate the risk of “breakdown”. Utilizing the principles of photoluminescence and electroluminescence, luminous electronic textile devices is successfully developed that exhibit both purple and green luminescence. Additionally, integration with a temperature sensor enables the device to serve as a health-monitoring tool by signaling changes in body temperature. This research delineates the protective capabilities of the protective layer and the efficacy of the color conversion mechanism in maintaining consistent brightness under various conditions. The findings suggest a viable pathway for broadening applications and potentially accelerating the commercialization of wearable electroluminescent technologies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuandong Cui, Ning Wang, Guiyue Bi, Hongying Zhuo, Xin Shang, Tao Cai, Wei Jiang, Haoxi Ben, Xiaoli Yang, Yanqiang Huang
Direct hydrogenolysis of cellulose to produce ethanol is a promising way to efficiently utilize biomass resources, contributing significantly to low-carbon energy development and greenhouse gas reduction. However, this process is challenging due to intricate cascading reactions. In this study, PdZn@S-1 catalysts featuring metal-acid “restricted adjacency” structures for direct cellulose conversion are developed. This unique structure allows acidic sites and metal nanoparticles to be in close proximity in a microscopic space, leading to changes in the electronic states of the metal sites, and an increase in the number of acidic sites. This configuration fosters synergistic and balanced interaction between the two types of sites. As a result, the PdZn0.5@S-1 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an ethanol yield of 69.2% at 245 °C and 4.5 MPa H2 within 4 h. The remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity are attributed to the formation of Lewis acid sites through Pdδ+─O(H)─Si coordination, which facilitates the cleavage of C─C bonds, while the adjacent PdZn alloy provides an effective site for the hydrogenation of C─O bonds. This work introduces a novel approach by successfully integrating metal@zeolite catalysts into the catalytic conversion of biomass macromolecules, offering new insights for the direct utilization of biomass resources.
{"title":"Efficient One-Pot Cellulosic Ethanol Production Over PdZn@Silicalite-1 Catalysts with Metal-Acid “Restricted Adjacency” Structures","authors":"Yuandong Cui, Ning Wang, Guiyue Bi, Hongying Zhuo, Xin Shang, Tao Cai, Wei Jiang, Haoxi Ben, Xiaoli Yang, Yanqiang Huang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202421143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202421143","url":null,"abstract":"Direct hydrogenolysis of cellulose to produce ethanol is a promising way to efficiently utilize biomass resources, contributing significantly to low-carbon energy development and greenhouse gas reduction. However, this process is challenging due to intricate cascading reactions. In this study, PdZn@S-1 catalysts featuring metal-acid “restricted adjacency” structures for direct cellulose conversion are developed. This unique structure allows acidic sites and metal nanoparticles to be in close proximity in a microscopic space, leading to changes in the electronic states of the metal sites, and an increase in the number of acidic sites. This configuration fosters synergistic and balanced interaction between the two types of sites. As a result, the PdZn<sub>0.5</sub>@S-1 catalyst demonstrates exceptional performance, achieving an ethanol yield of 69.2% at 245 °C and 4.5 MPa H<sub>2</sub> within 4 h. The remarkable catalytic activity and selectivity are attributed to the formation of Lewis acid sites through Pd<sup>δ+</sup>─O(H)─Si coordination, which facilitates the cleavage of C─C bonds, while the adjacent PdZn alloy provides an effective site for the hydrogenation of C─O bonds. This work introduces a novel approach by successfully integrating metal@zeolite catalysts into the catalytic conversion of biomass macromolecules, offering new insights for the direct utilization of biomass resources.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142987207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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