Wuxiang Zhang, Wenhao Huang, Jie Xiong, Tao Gan, Huayu Hu, Zuqiang Huang, Yanjuan Zhang
Piezoelectric catalysis is promising for safe and sustainable water purification, while achieving exceptional piezocatalytic efficiency is challenging due to huge energy consumption and the fatigue fracture risk of rigid piezoceramics. Here, a novel humpback whale-inspired highly sensitive dual-piezoceramic composite (BaTiO3/polydopamine-modified porous spontaneously polarized ceramic, termed as BTO/PDA@PSPC) with superior force‒electricity conversion and underwater superoleophobicity is fabricated for efficient piezocatalytic in situ demulsification of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The coordination of PDA and the modulation of PSPC induce oriented growth of BTO with edge nodule-like structure to avoid fatigue fracture, and the interfacial charge/stress bridge of PDA and piezoelectric field (PEF) of PSPC endows BTO with astonishing piezoelectric activity. BTO/PDA@PSPC shows outstanding piezoelectric response, PEF of 1.46 × 109 V/m, and critical cavitation for generating e−‒h+ pairs to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superwetting BTO/PDA@PSPC triggered by ordinary stirring exhibits excellent piezocatalytic performance for complete demulsification of O/W emulsion within 15 min, outperforming contrastive catalysts by 3.3‒4.0 times. The electric field causes inhomogeneous polarization, dielectric coalescence, and demulsification of oil droplets successively, and the degradation of emulsifier by ROS prevents re-emulsification of demulsified water. This strategy achieves sustainable and efficient demulsification via synergistic PEF and ROS, showing great promise in treating large-scale oily wastewater.
{"title":"Humpback Whale-Inspired High-Sensitive Dual-Piezoceramic Composite With Superior Force‒Electricity Conversion for Efficient Demulsification","authors":"Wuxiang Zhang, Wenhao Huang, Jie Xiong, Tao Gan, Huayu Hu, Zuqiang Huang, Yanjuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202522346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522346","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric catalysis is promising for safe and sustainable water purification, while achieving exceptional piezocatalytic efficiency is challenging due to huge energy consumption and the fatigue fracture risk of rigid piezoceramics. Here, a novel humpback whale-inspired highly sensitive dual-piezoceramic composite (BaTiO<sub>3</sub>/polydopamine-modified porous spontaneously polarized ceramic, termed as BTO/PDA@PSPC) with superior force‒electricity conversion and underwater superoleophobicity is fabricated for efficient piezocatalytic in situ demulsification of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The coordination of PDA and the modulation of PSPC induce oriented growth of BTO with edge nodule-like structure to avoid fatigue fracture, and the interfacial charge/stress bridge of PDA and piezoelectric field (PEF) of PSPC endows BTO with astonishing piezoelectric activity. BTO/PDA@PSPC shows outstanding piezoelectric response, PEF of 1.46 × 10<sup>9</sup> V/m, and critical cavitation for generating e<sup>−</sup>‒h<sup>+</sup> pairs to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superwetting BTO/PDA@PSPC triggered by ordinary stirring exhibits excellent piezocatalytic performance for complete demulsification of O/W emulsion within 15 min, outperforming contrastive catalysts by 3.3‒4.0 times. The electric field causes inhomogeneous polarization, dielectric coalescence, and demulsification of oil droplets successively, and the degradation of emulsifier by ROS prevents re-emulsification of demulsified water. This strategy achieves sustainable and efficient demulsification via synergistic PEF and ROS, showing great promise in treating large-scale oily wastewater.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has attracted growing attention in recent years as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Photosensitizers serve as inducers of ER stress, exerting their effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can enhance immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is constrained by tumor hypoxia and the short half-life of ROS, which hinders the therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers. Herein, three ER-targeting, heavy-atom-free boron difluoride-based photosensitizers capable of generating Type I ROS are successfully synthesized. Among these compounds, BFE-3 exhibits the highest electron affinity and demonstrates superior Type I ROS generation efficiency. Notably, BFE-3 is found to effectively induce ER stress and initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade pathway. More importantly, BFE-3 can promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from tumor cells under light irradiation, which efficiently induce ICD and activate antitumor immune responses. This boron difluoride-based photosensitizer, as a heavy-atom-free system, provides insights for developing Type I ROS-generating photosensitizers, while also offering a potential strategy for ER stress-mediated antitumor immunotherapy.
{"title":"Near-Infrared Boron Difluoride-Based Photosensitizers Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Antitumor Immunotherapy","authors":"Lijuan Gui, Jingjing Lin, Xianrui Yin, Junyuan Zhao, Kaizhen Wang, Ji Liu, Shiya Wang, Mingyi Cao, Xian Liu, Liangting Lin, Jinrong Zheng, Qifeng Zhong, Zhenwei Yuan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202519328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202519328","url":null,"abstract":"Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has attracted growing attention in recent years as a potential therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Photosensitizers serve as inducers of ER stress, exerting their effects through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can enhance immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is constrained by tumor hypoxia and the short half-life of ROS, which hinders the therapeutic efficacy of photosensitizers. Herein, three ER-targeting, heavy-atom-free boron difluoride-based photosensitizers capable of generating Type I ROS are successfully synthesized. Among these compounds, BFE-3 exhibits the highest electron affinity and demonstrates superior Type I ROS generation efficiency. Notably, BFE-3 is found to effectively induce ER stress and initiate the mitochondrial apoptotic cascade pathway. More importantly, BFE-3 can promote the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from tumor cells under light irradiation, which efficiently induce ICD and activate antitumor immune responses. This boron difluoride-based photosensitizer, as a heavy-atom-free system, provides insights for developing Type I ROS-generating photosensitizers, while also offering a potential strategy for ER stress-mediated antitumor immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinhyeok Pyo, Junsung Byeon, Jungmoon Lim, Sohyeon Park, Sungsan Kang, Byeongchan Kim, Gyuhwi Jeong, Haerim Kim, Bongjun Kim, SeungNam Cha, Sangyeon Pak
Efficient carrier transport is a key requirement for designing high-performance field-effect transistor (FET) based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). However, the unique structural characteristics of 2D semiconductors, which differ fundamentally from conventional 3D semiconductor materials, necessitate device architectures that deviate from traditional design approaches. Here, we propose a Bottleneck-free Asymmetric Transistor Architecture (BATA) specifically tailored for 2D structures. Through technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, we reveal that adopting an embedded-channel configuration at the source region maximizes charge carrier injection, while implementing a side-channel configuration at the drain effectively mitigates the carrier transport bottleneck. Guided by this structural insight, we fabricated MoS2-based BATA devices that achieved near-ideal subthreshold swing (SS) of approximately 60 mV/dec and field-effect mobilities exceeding 200 cm2/V-s, thereby demonstrating structurally enabled performance improvements over conventional FET. Furthermore, experimental validation of drain-architecture-dependent carrier transport bottlenecks was performed using mid-voltage measurements and a single-source dual-drain asymmetric contact configuration. Finally, large-scale integration was demonstrated through a 100-device MoS2 BATA array fabricated on a 2-inch HfO2/Si wafer, confirming the robustness and scalability of the architecture. The BATA establishes a foundation for advancing 2D semiconductor-based FET from laboratory demonstrations toward practical, fab-compatible technologies.
{"title":"Asymmetric Contact Engineering for Bottleneck-Free Transport in 2D MoS2 Field-Effect Transistor","authors":"Jinhyeok Pyo, Junsung Byeon, Jungmoon Lim, Sohyeon Park, Sungsan Kang, Byeongchan Kim, Gyuhwi Jeong, Haerim Kim, Bongjun Kim, SeungNam Cha, Sangyeon Pak","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202525881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525881","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient carrier transport is a key requirement for designing high-performance field-effect transistor (FET) based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). However, the unique structural characteristics of 2D semiconductors, which differ fundamentally from conventional 3D semiconductor materials, necessitate device architectures that deviate from traditional design approaches. Here, we propose a Bottleneck-free Asymmetric Transistor Architecture (BATA) specifically tailored for 2D structures. Through technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations, we reveal that adopting an embedded-channel configuration at the source region maximizes charge carrier injection, while implementing a side-channel configuration at the drain effectively mitigates the carrier transport bottleneck. Guided by this structural insight, we fabricated MoS<sub>2</sub>-based BATA devices that achieved near-ideal subthreshold swing (SS) of approximately 60 mV/dec and field-effect mobilities exceeding 200 cm<sup>2</sup>/V-s, thereby demonstrating structurally enabled performance improvements over conventional FET. Furthermore, experimental validation of drain-architecture-dependent carrier transport bottlenecks was performed using mid-voltage measurements and a single-source dual-drain asymmetric contact configuration. Finally, large-scale integration was demonstrated through a 100-device MoS<sub>2</sub> BATA array fabricated on a 2-inch HfO<sub>2</sub>/Si wafer, confirming the robustness and scalability of the architecture. The BATA establishes a foundation for advancing 2D semiconductor-based FET from laboratory demonstrations toward practical, fab-compatible technologies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youngwook Cho, Yechan Han, Gyunseong Jung, Youngho Song, Suk Ho Bhang, Soo-Yeon Cho
Cellular efflux provides a direct readout of homeostasis, metabolic activity, and pathological changes. As biological systems progress from single cells to 2D planar models, 3D constructs, and whole organs, rising biological complexity reshapes efflux behavior through shifts in ionic fluctuations, diffusion patterns, matrix composition, and tissue mechanics. Because each level introduces distinct efflux information that reflects individual cell behavior, collective signaling, or integrated physiological activity, dedicated sensing strategies are required to capture these signals with fidelity across the full hierarchy. In this review, we outline recent sensing strategies and interface designs that enable efflux monitoring across these biological hierarchies, and then describe how these concepts emerge in the major transducing modalities, including optical, electrochemical, and electrical approaches that define which efflux signatures can be measured. We highlight implementations that use photonic nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, and field effect architectures to sustain quantitative readout in increasingly complex microenvironments. We further discuss how diffusion behavior, reaction kinetics, and sensor response characteristics shape efflux feature extraction across scales, and highlight the key directions this field must advance toward. Combined with advances in materials and interface engineering, these developments establish efflux sensing as a central analytical framework for tissue engineering, drug evaluation, and bioprocess control.
{"title":"Sensing Modalities Across the Biological Hierarchy From Single Cells to Organs for Cellular Efflux Monitoring","authors":"Youngwook Cho, Yechan Han, Gyunseong Jung, Youngho Song, Suk Ho Bhang, Soo-Yeon Cho","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531976","url":null,"abstract":"Cellular efflux provides a direct readout of homeostasis, metabolic activity, and pathological changes. As biological systems progress from single cells to 2D planar models, 3D constructs, and whole organs, rising biological complexity reshapes efflux behavior through shifts in ionic fluctuations, diffusion patterns, matrix composition, and tissue mechanics. Because each level introduces distinct efflux information that reflects individual cell behavior, collective signaling, or integrated physiological activity, dedicated sensing strategies are required to capture these signals with fidelity across the full hierarchy. In this review, we outline recent sensing strategies and interface designs that enable efflux monitoring across these biological hierarchies, and then describe how these concepts emerge in the major transducing modalities, including optical, electrochemical, and electrical approaches that define which efflux signatures can be measured. We highlight implementations that use photonic nanomaterials, nanostructured electrodes, and field effect architectures to sustain quantitative readout in increasingly complex microenvironments. We further discuss how diffusion behavior, reaction kinetics, and sensor response characteristics shape efflux feature extraction across scales, and highlight the key directions this field must advance toward. Combined with advances in materials and interface engineering, these developments establish efflux sensing as a central analytical framework for tissue engineering, drug evaluation, and bioprocess control.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuwei Zhu, Tingting Wang, Jing Zhu, Bingtian Zhao, Bingyang Dai, Xiaoyue Zhang, Wei Liu, Cheng Yang, Cheng Dong, Ren Liu, Lei Zhao, Jun Wang, Peilei Shi, To Ngai
In periodontal therapy, successful regeneration of osseous defects necessitates biomaterials capable of overcoming challenges such as infection, inflammation, and impaired intrinsic osteogenic capacity within the complex oral environment. Herein, we introduce a biointerface membrane engineered to precisely manipulate cellular activities and coordinate healing events at the soft–hard tissue interface. The membrane fabricated through mixed and co-axial electrospinning techniques comprises two distinct layers: an antibacterial (Ab) layer (near gingival) laden with controlled-release chlorhexidine-conjugated nanogels (nGel-CHX), and an osteoinductive (OI) layer (near defect) incorporating nanoneedle-shaped magnesium (Mg) oxychloride ceramic colloids (MOC NN). Upon implantation, ingrowth barrier to pathogenic bacteria and rapidly growing soft tissues is retained at the gingival–Ab layer interface. Concurrently, a pro-healing osteoimmune niche is established at the OI layer–defect interface, promoting in situ osteogenesis and new bone ingrowth. In a rat periodontal defect model, the biointerface membrane presents remarkably optimized regenerative performance compared to the clinically utilized Bio-Gide membrane. Histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and micro-CT analysis reveal the enhanced macrophage M2 polarization, notably elevated osteogenic activity, and accelerated formation of new bone with functional periodontal ligament structure. Collectively, these findings render this biointerface membrane as a promising candidate for effective periodontal defect repair in clinical applications.
{"title":"Biointerface Membranes Orchestrating Site-Specific Osteoimmunomodulatory and Antibacterial Effects for Enhanced Osseous Regeneration in Periodontal Therapy","authors":"Yuwei Zhu, Tingting Wang, Jing Zhu, Bingtian Zhao, Bingyang Dai, Xiaoyue Zhang, Wei Liu, Cheng Yang, Cheng Dong, Ren Liu, Lei Zhao, Jun Wang, Peilei Shi, To Ngai","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202528540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202528540","url":null,"abstract":"In periodontal therapy, successful regeneration of osseous defects necessitates biomaterials capable of overcoming challenges such as infection, inflammation, and impaired intrinsic osteogenic capacity within the complex oral environment. Herein, we introduce a biointerface membrane engineered to precisely manipulate cellular activities and coordinate healing events at the soft–hard tissue interface. The membrane fabricated through mixed and co-axial electrospinning techniques comprises two distinct layers: an antibacterial (Ab) layer (near gingival) laden with controlled-release chlorhexidine-conjugated nanogels (nGel-CHX), and an osteoinductive (OI) layer (near defect) incorporating nanoneedle-shaped magnesium (Mg) oxychloride ceramic colloids (MOC NN). Upon implantation, ingrowth barrier to pathogenic bacteria and rapidly growing soft tissues is retained at the gingival–Ab layer interface. Concurrently, a pro-healing osteoimmune niche is established at the OI layer–defect interface, promoting in situ osteogenesis and new bone ingrowth. In a rat periodontal defect model, the biointerface membrane presents remarkably optimized regenerative performance compared to the clinically utilized Bio-Gide membrane. Histological, immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and micro-CT analysis reveal the enhanced macrophage M2 polarization, notably elevated osteogenic activity, and accelerated formation of new bone with functional periodontal ligament structure. Collectively, these findings render this biointerface membrane as a promising candidate for effective periodontal defect repair in clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the self-quenching and poor anti-interference limitations of conventional free radical oxidation processes, this study develops an atomic engineering strategy to fine-tune the spin state of α-Fe2O3 catalysts to modulate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and selectively yield surface-bound radicals. Specifically, Cu2+ (3d9) doping triggers Jahn-Teller distortion, intensifying crystal field splitting and transitioning Fe spin state from high-spin (eg = 2) to medium-spin (eg = 1.38). The decreased electron density in the Fe-eg orbital reduces σ* anti-bonding interactions between Fe 3d and O 2p, thus strengthening adsorption and inducing moderate electron transfer to PMS. With electron co-injection from Cu, the O-O cleavage generates the surface-bound SO4•− on Cu sites. While the 3d10 of Zn2+ has minimal impact on the crystal field, ensuring α-Zn0.1Fe1.9O3 in a relatively high-spin (eg = 1.81), which promotes intense electron transfer to PMS to generate free SO4•−. Additionally, surface-bound radicals endow the α-Cu0.1Fe1.9O3/PMS 1.4-fold higher aceclofenac removal kobs than α-Zn0.1Fe1.9O3/PMS and superior anti-interference capacity to water background factors, due to the extended lifespan, surface confined environment, and moderate oxidation potential of surface-bound SO4•−. This study provides insights into the advanced design of spin-regulated catalysts for surface-bound radicals generation to secure both high oxidation and anti-interference capacity in water purification processes.
{"title":"Spin-Dependent Generation of Surface-Bound Radicals Toward Selective and Long-Lasting Water Purification","authors":"Shuyu Wang, Zhonglin Chen, Jimin Shen, Pengwei Yan, Jing Kang, Binyuan Wang, Shengxin Zhao, Xiaoguang Duan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529316","url":null,"abstract":"To address the self-quenching and poor anti-interference limitations of conventional free radical oxidation processes, this study develops an atomic engineering strategy to fine-tune the spin state of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalysts to modulate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation and selectively yield surface-bound radicals. Specifically, Cu<sup>2+</sup> (3d<sup>9</sup>) doping triggers Jahn-Teller distortion, intensifying crystal field splitting and transitioning Fe spin state from high-spin (e<sub>g</sub> = 2) to medium-spin (e<sub>g</sub> = 1.38). The decreased electron density in the Fe-e<sub>g</sub> orbital reduces σ* anti-bonding interactions between Fe 3d and O 2p, thus strengthening adsorption and inducing moderate electron transfer to PMS. With electron co-injection from Cu, the O-O cleavage generates the surface-bound SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> on Cu sites. While the 3d<sup>10</sup> of Zn<sup>2+</sup> has minimal impact on the crystal field, ensuring α-Zn<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>1.9</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in a relatively high-spin (e<sub>g</sub> = 1.81), which promotes intense electron transfer to PMS to generate free SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup>. Additionally, surface-bound radicals endow the α-Cu<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>1.9</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PMS 1.4-fold higher aceclofenac removal <i>k</i><sub>obs</sub> than α-Zn<sub>0.1</sub>Fe<sub>1.9</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/PMS and superior anti-interference capacity to water background factors, due to the extended lifespan, surface confined environment, and moderate oxidation potential of surface-bound SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup>. This study provides insights into the advanced design of spin-regulated catalysts for surface-bound radicals generation to secure both high oxidation and anti-interference capacity in water purification processes.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lihao Guo, Shuxiang Xu, Xiaolin Tai, Li Wang, Gandong Zhou, Jie Yang, Taorui Yang, Yue Lin, Jianzhi Gao, Minghu Pan, Weiwei Wu, Miaomiao Yuan
Sonodynamic therapy, as a deep penetrating therapy method with high therapy efficacy, is garnering attention in the field of tumor therapy. Nevertheless, the trade-off between high sonodynamic efficacy and stability is difficult to balance for conventional sonosensitizers, which impedes their clinical translation. Exploring the sonodynamic performance of novel materials is imperative to synchronously achieve these two aims. Two-dimensional (2D) metal borides (MBene) possess enormous application potential in biotechnology fields, but so far there are few studies on sonodynamic therapy research. In this work, two types of metal boride nanosheets, orthorhombic and hexagonal molybdenum boride (MoAlB-MoB and Mo4/3B2-xTz), are synthesized, and their properties are characterized to understand the structure-properties relationship. The MBene nanosheets demonstrate superior and stable sonodynamic efficacy compared with commercial sonosensitizers (TiO2 and indocyanine green) and a nanosheet sonosensitizer (Mo2C MXene). By delivering via microneedle, the MBene nanosheets can significantly inhibit tumor growth with a high precision through sonodynamic reactions. Mechanistic investigations reveal that immunity is activated and long-term immunity memory is established to suppress tumor. The structure-function relationship of MBene nanosheets are further simulated. This work elucidates the therapeutic potential and mechanistic foundations of MBene-based sonodynamic therapy, establishing a promising platform for sonodynamic cancer therapy.
{"title":"2D MBene Nanosheets as Sonosensitizers for Ultrasound-Triggered Precision Cancer Therapy","authors":"Lihao Guo, Shuxiang Xu, Xiaolin Tai, Li Wang, Gandong Zhou, Jie Yang, Taorui Yang, Yue Lin, Jianzhi Gao, Minghu Pan, Weiwei Wu, Miaomiao Yuan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529462","url":null,"abstract":"Sonodynamic therapy, as a deep penetrating therapy method with high therapy efficacy, is garnering attention in the field of tumor therapy. Nevertheless, the trade-off between high sonodynamic efficacy and stability is difficult to balance for conventional sonosensitizers, which impedes their clinical translation. Exploring the sonodynamic performance of novel materials is imperative to synchronously achieve these two aims. Two-dimensional (2D) metal borides (MBene) possess enormous application potential in biotechnology fields, but so far there are few studies on sonodynamic therapy research. In this work, two types of metal boride nanosheets, orthorhombic and hexagonal molybdenum boride (MoAlB-MoB and Mo<sub>4/3</sub>B<sub>2-x</sub>T<sub>z</sub>), are synthesized, and their properties are characterized to understand the structure-properties relationship. The MBene nanosheets demonstrate superior and stable sonodynamic efficacy compared with commercial sonosensitizers (TiO<sub>2</sub> and indocyanine green) and a nanosheet sonosensitizer (Mo<sub>2</sub>C MXene). By delivering via microneedle, the MBene nanosheets can significantly inhibit tumor growth with a high precision through sonodynamic reactions. Mechanistic investigations reveal that immunity is activated and long-term immunity memory is established to suppress tumor. The structure-function relationship of MBene nanosheets are further simulated. This work elucidates the therapeutic potential and mechanistic foundations of MBene-based sonodynamic therapy, establishing a promising platform for sonodynamic cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substrate engineering offers a promising pathway to mitigate metal plating/stripping behaviors, among which carbon-based architectures are particularly attractive. While over a thousand studies document carbon's efficacy in stabilizing non-aqueous alkali metal anodes, only 14 focus on carbon substrates for Zn in static aqueous zinc metal batteries. This striking disparity arising from carbon's catalytic activity toward water splitting casts doubt on its utility. Here, by controlling surface hydrophilicity, nanostructural penetrability and interfacial affinity, we not only clarify carbon's viability for dense Zn plating via asynchronous homotopic competing hydrogen evolution reactions and a secondary micro-sized interface, but also establish three foundational design principles for governing Zn deposition: 1) nanoscale water penetration dictates growth geometry; 2) interfacial affinity chemistry determines gas dynamics and byproduct formation; 3) temporal decoupling of HER and plating creates evolving active zones. These insights further endow unprecedented Zn reversibility under ultra-demanding conditions on carbon substrates without suppressing HER (10 mA /10 mAh cm−2, 99.9% CE, >3.5 Ah cm−2 cumulative capacity) and superior full-cell cyclability under industrial conditions (2 mAh cm−2, 14 mA cm−2). Our work provides a new conceptual framework for the use of carbon substrates in aqueous metal batteries, transforming a long-perceived limitation into a design opportunity.
衬底工程为减轻金属镀层/剥离行为提供了一条有前途的途径，其中碳基结构尤其具有吸引力。虽然有一千多项研究记录了碳在稳定非水碱金属阳极方面的功效，但只有14项研究关注了静态水锌金属电池中锌的碳衬底。碳对水分解的催化活性引起的这种惊人的差异使人们对其效用产生了怀疑。通过控制表面亲水性、纳米结构渗透性和界面亲和性，我们不仅阐明了碳通过异步同位竞争析氢反应和次级微尺寸界面致密镀锌的可行性，而且建立了控制锌沉积的三个基本设计原则：1)纳米尺度的水渗透决定了生长几何；界面亲和化学决定了气体动力学和副产物的形成；3) HER与镀层的时间解耦产生了不断演化的活动区。这些发现进一步赋予了锌在超苛刻条件下在碳衬底上前所未有的可逆性，而不会抑制HER （10 mA /10 mAh cm - 2, 99.9% CE, >；3.5 Ah cm - 2累积容量）和工业条件下优越的全电池可循环性（2 mAh cm - 2, 14 mA cm - 2）。我们的工作为在水性金属电池中使用碳基板提供了一个新的概念框架，将长期以来被认为的限制转化为设计机会。
{"title":"Can Carbon be Attractive Substrates for Zn Anodes in Aqueous Electrolytes under HER Disturbance?","authors":"Yanpeng Guo, Weijie Zhang, Biyu Lin, Qikun Zhang, Chongbo Zhan, Caicai Li, Xizheng Liu, Tianyou Zhai, Huiqiao Li","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530604","url":null,"abstract":"Substrate engineering offers a promising pathway to mitigate metal plating/stripping behaviors, among which carbon-based architectures are particularly attractive. While over a thousand studies document carbon's efficacy in stabilizing non-aqueous alkali metal anodes, only 14 focus on carbon substrates for Zn in static aqueous zinc metal batteries. This striking disparity arising from carbon's catalytic activity toward water splitting casts doubt on its utility. Here, by controlling surface hydrophilicity, nanostructural penetrability and interfacial affinity, we not only clarify carbon's viability for dense Zn plating via asynchronous homotopic competing hydrogen evolution reactions and a secondary micro-sized interface, but also establish three foundational design principles for governing Zn deposition: 1) nanoscale water penetration dictates growth geometry; 2) interfacial affinity chemistry determines gas dynamics and byproduct formation; 3) temporal decoupling of HER and plating creates evolving active zones. These insights further endow unprecedented Zn reversibility under ultra-demanding conditions on carbon substrates without suppressing HER (10 mA /10 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, 99.9% CE, >3.5 Ah cm<sup>−2</sup> cumulative capacity) and superior full-cell cyclability under industrial conditions (2 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup>, 14 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>). Our work provides a new conceptual framework for the use of carbon substrates in aqueous metal batteries, transforming a long-perceived limitation into a design opportunity.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"381 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dysregulated osteoclast activity underlies pathological bone resorption in skeletal metastases and metabolic bone disorders such as diabetes, yet effective therapeutic strategies remain scarce. Here, we present a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cellular backpack platform for metabolism-guided and bone-targeted therapy. This biohybrid system couples MSCs with lipid-coated, biotin-streptavidin-linked nanoparticles that encapsulate the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitor NCT503 and are enriched with calcium via biomineralization. Driven by CXCR4-mediated MSC homing, the cellular backpacks selectively localize to osteoclast- and tumor-rich bone microenvironments. NCT503 inhibits the serine synthesis pathway, suppressing NFATc1-dependent osteoclastogenesis and tumor progression, while calcium ions disrupt the reciprocal metabolic coupling between osteoclasts and cancer cells. Simultaneously, calcium enrichment enhances MSC chemotaxis, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, enabling precise delivery and bone regeneration. In murine models of bone metastasis and diabetic fracture, this strategy mitigates osteolysis, restrains tumor growth, and accelerates skeletal repair. Collectively, this study introduces a multifunctional, cell-guided therapeutic platform that synergistically integrates metabolic intervention, osteoclast-tumor modulation, and regenerative repair, offering a promising avenue for the treatment of dysregulated bone diseases.
{"title":"Bone-Homing Cellular Backpacks Integrating Metabolic Intervention and Synergistic Osteogenesis to Treat Bone Metastasis and Promote Diabetic Bone Repair","authors":"Chang-Jiang Liu, Wen-Qiang Qu, Dong Zhang, Hui-Yun Gu, Hai-Heng Peng, Xian-Zheng Zhang, Ai-Xi Yu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527803","url":null,"abstract":"Dysregulated osteoclast activity underlies pathological bone resorption in skeletal metastases and metabolic bone disorders such as diabetes, yet effective therapeutic strategies remain scarce. Here, we present a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based cellular backpack platform for metabolism-guided and bone-targeted therapy. This biohybrid system couples MSCs with lipid-coated, biotin-streptavidin-linked nanoparticles that encapsulate the phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) inhibitor NCT503 and are enriched with calcium via biomineralization. Driven by CXCR4-mediated MSC homing, the cellular backpacks selectively localize to osteoclast- and tumor-rich bone microenvironments. NCT503 inhibits the serine synthesis pathway, suppressing NFATc1-dependent osteoclastogenesis and tumor progression, while calcium ions disrupt the reciprocal metabolic coupling between osteoclasts and cancer cells. Simultaneously, calcium enrichment enhances MSC chemotaxis, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, enabling precise delivery and bone regeneration. In murine models of bone metastasis and diabetic fracture, this strategy mitigates osteolysis, restrains tumor growth, and accelerates skeletal repair. Collectively, this study introduces a multifunctional, cell-guided therapeutic platform that synergistically integrates metabolic intervention, osteoclast-tumor modulation, and regenerative repair, offering a promising avenue for the treatment of dysregulated bone diseases.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ferroelectric domain walls have emerged as promising building blocks for next-generation nanoelectronics. Recent studies have revealed that large-angle c/a twin boundaries in lead-based ferroelectric thin films exhibit superior physical properties, including enhanced piezoelectric responses, flexoelectric effects, and multi-caloric behaviors. However, the realization of analogous c/a ferroelastic structures in lead-free BiFeO3 (BFO) thin films remains challenging. Here, we report the successful construction of coherent pseudo-c/a twin domain walls in highly tetragonal Ga-doped BFO thin films. These domain boundaries are found to accommodate cross-hatched polarization arrays that effectively compensate domain wall electrostatics, along with a markedly enhanced flexoelectric effect. Moreover, these twin boundaries exhibit polarization-gated switchable conductivity, highlighting their potential for use in memory devices. Our work offers new insights into the design of large-angle ferroelectric domain walls and lays a foundation for future domain-wall-based electronic applications.
{"title":"Engineering Pseudo-c/a Twin Boundaries in Super-Tetragonal BiFeO3 for Domain-Wall Nanoelectronics","authors":"Hao Gu, Lin Chen, Chao Chen, Zhen Wang, Jian Wang, Tong Zhu, Yu Chen, Minghui Qin, Jiyan Dai, Xubing Lu, Xingsen Gao, Jun-Ming Liu, Deyang Chen","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531891","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric domain walls have emerged as promising building blocks for next-generation nanoelectronics. Recent studies have revealed that large-angle c/a twin boundaries in lead-based ferroelectric thin films exhibit superior physical properties, including enhanced piezoelectric responses, flexoelectric effects, and multi-caloric behaviors. However, the realization of analogous c/a ferroelastic structures in lead-free BiFeO<sub>3</sub> (BFO) thin films remains challenging. Here, we report the successful construction of coherent pseudo-c/a twin domain walls in highly tetragonal Ga-doped BFO thin films. These domain boundaries are found to accommodate cross-hatched polarization arrays that effectively compensate domain wall electrostatics, along with a markedly enhanced flexoelectric effect. Moreover, these twin boundaries exhibit polarization-gated switchable conductivity, highlighting their potential for use in memory devices. Our work offers new insights into the design of large-angle ferroelectric domain walls and lays a foundation for future domain-wall-based electronic applications.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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