ZnS electroluminescent (EL) fibers currently serve as a crucial component in smart wearable flexible electronic devices. While offering advantages such as excellent flexibility and low power consumption, these fibers still require external high-frequency power to excite luminescence, which limiting their potential in portible and wearable interaction applications. To address this challenge, triboelectric generators (TEG) are employed to effectively harvest electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. The TEG, inspired by origami structures, achieves a maximum output voltage of 228 V, current of 22 µA, and power density of 0.4 W m−2, maintaining excellent performance even after 50 000 compression cycles. The ZnS EL fibers with a coaxial structure of the dielectric and luminescent layers are realized via the microfluidic spinning technology, which has a special advantage in the precise control of the microstructure. Most importantly, a novel energy management circuit is proposed to convert TEG energy into high-frequency alternating current (AC) for driving the EL fibers, which possess a brightness of up to 150.88 cd m−2 under the lower output of TEG. Ultimately, a self-powered, highly luminous ZnS EL fiber with an integrated energy management circuit and TEG has been developed, which makes it possible to provide energy for luminescent fibers through the common mechanical friction.
{"title":"Self-Powered High-Frequency Excited ZnS Electroluminescent Fibers for Wearable Visual Interaction","authors":"Zhenbo Yang, Chaoyu You, Xili Hu, Mingwei Tian, Lijun Qu, Xueji Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530370","url":null,"abstract":"ZnS electroluminescent (EL) fibers currently serve as a crucial component in smart wearable flexible electronic devices. While offering advantages such as excellent flexibility and low power consumption, these fibers still require external high-frequency power to excite luminescence, which limiting their potential in portible and wearable interaction applications. To address this challenge, triboelectric generators (TEG) are employed to effectively harvest electrical energy by converting mechanical energy. The TEG, inspired by origami structures, achieves a maximum output voltage of 228 V, current of 22 µA, and power density of 0.4 W m<sup>−2</sup>, maintaining excellent performance even after 50 000 compression cycles. The ZnS EL fibers with a coaxial structure of the dielectric and luminescent layers are realized via the microfluidic spinning technology, which has a special advantage in the precise control of the microstructure. Most importantly, a novel energy management circuit is proposed to convert TEG energy into high-frequency alternating current (AC) for driving the EL fibers, which possess a brightness of up to 150.88 cd m<sup>−2</sup> under the lower output of TEG. Ultimately, a self-powered, highly luminous ZnS EL fiber with an integrated energy management circuit and TEG has been developed, which makes it possible to provide energy for luminescent fibers through the common mechanical friction.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plasma catalysis realizes CO2 conversion under ambient conditions through the inelastic collision of high-energy electrons, but the continuous impact of high-energy electrons often leads to the excessive dissociation of formed intermediates. To address this limitation, we designed a biomimetic stoma-shell nanoarchitecture, inspired by natural leaves, to enhance the selectivity of C2+ products. Its microporous shell with vertically aligned pores, emulating natural leaf stomata, functions as a selective barrier that mitigates high-energy electron impact while maintaining reactant transport. Inside, a defect-rich mesoporous network with exposed copper sites promotes C─C coupling and stabilizes C2+ intermediates within confined catalytic spaces. This functional architecture redistributes the active species within the plasma catalytic zone, thereby suppressing undesired side reactions. Catalytic results showed a significant reversal in product selectivity between methanol and ethanol, with a 3-fold enhancement in ethanol selectivity over methanol from 24% to 65%. This work proposes an advanced functional materials design strategy that is broadly applicable to catalytic plasma-driven reactions, integrating electron impact tolerance with catalytic efficiency to direct the desired reaction pathway.
{"title":"Stoma-Shell Nanoarchitecture for Enhanced Plasma Confinement Catalysis in Synthesis of Ethanol from CO2","authors":"Nan Zou, Zhiliang Dong, Tsun-Kong Sham, Xiaonian Li, Ying Zheng, Ting Qiu","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202522837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202522837","url":null,"abstract":"Plasma catalysis realizes CO<sub>2</sub> conversion under ambient conditions through the inelastic collision of high-energy electrons, but the continuous impact of high-energy electrons often leads to the excessive dissociation of formed intermediates. To address this limitation, we designed a biomimetic stoma-shell nanoarchitecture, inspired by natural leaves, to enhance the selectivity of C<sub>2+</sub> products. Its microporous shell with vertically aligned pores, emulating natural leaf stomata, functions as a selective barrier that mitigates high-energy electron impact while maintaining reactant transport. Inside, a defect-rich mesoporous network with exposed copper sites promotes C─C coupling and stabilizes C<sub>2+</sub> intermediates within confined catalytic spaces. This functional architecture redistributes the active species within the plasma catalytic zone, thereby suppressing undesired side reactions. Catalytic results showed a significant reversal in product selectivity between methanol and ethanol, with a 3-fold enhancement in ethanol selectivity over methanol from 24% to 65%. This work proposes an advanced functional materials design strategy that is broadly applicable to catalytic plasma-driven reactions, integrating electron impact tolerance with catalytic efficiency to direct the desired reaction pathway.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) demonstrates innovative potential in mitigating global water scarcity through efficient vapor capture by means of adsorbent materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent water vapor adsorbents at low humidity. However, MOF as adsorbents in powder form often triggers agglomeration and limits practical application. It remains challenging to design robust materials for water harvesting to date. Here, we present a strategy to design bioinspired honeycomb-networked spindle-knotted water molecule capturing fiber mesh on large scale (i.e., BMCM), based on MOF and thermo-responsive gel polymer using a biomimetic interfacial assembly method. The honeycomb-networked spindle-knots of BMCM achieve unique capabilities that regulate the morphology of MOF nanocrystals to expand the water-molecule sites and favor water uptake, along with thermo-responsive switching between water uptake (e.g., <30°C) and release (e.g., >30°C). The BMCM exhibits thereby robust water uptake capabilities of ≈0.56–1.05 g g−1 at 30–80% relative humidity (RH), taking a short time rather than others. After reaching its saturation adsorption capacity at 30% RH, it can release ≈0.53 g g−1 of moisture within 30 min under one solar irradiation, with a water release capacity as high as 95%. As for BMCM on large scale outdoor, water production rate reaches ≈3.41 L/kg/day on average after 5-day cycles in atmospheric air condition. This study provides an insight into the designing of next-generation AWH materials, which would be extended into applications, e.g., water engineering in industry, outdoor portable system or devices, etc.
{"title":"Excellent Honeycomb-Networked MOF-Spindle-Knotted Fiber Mesh for High-Efficiently Water Capturing","authors":"Huijie Wei, Chang Gao, Lingmei Zhu, Maolin Zhou, Tiance Zhang, Qiang Luo, Boyang Tian, Jianhua Wang, Yongping Hou, Yongmei Zheng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527414","url":null,"abstract":"Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) demonstrates innovative potential in mitigating global water scarcity through efficient vapor capture by means of adsorbent materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent water vapor adsorbents at low humidity. However, MOF as adsorbents in powder form often triggers agglomeration and limits practical application. It remains challenging to design robust materials for water harvesting to date. Here, we present a strategy to design bioinspired honeycomb-networked spindle-knotted water molecule capturing fiber mesh on large scale (i.e., BMCM), based on MOF and thermo-responsive gel polymer using a biomimetic interfacial assembly method. The honeycomb-networked spindle-knots of BMCM achieve unique capabilities that regulate the morphology of MOF nanocrystals to expand the water-molecule sites and favor water uptake, along with thermo-responsive switching between water uptake (e.g., <30°C) and release (e.g., >30°C). The BMCM exhibits thereby robust water uptake capabilities of ≈0.56–1.05 g g<sup>−1</sup> at 30–80% relative humidity (RH), taking a short time rather than others. After reaching its saturation adsorption capacity at 30% RH, it can release ≈0.53 g g<sup>−1</sup> of moisture within 30 min under one solar irradiation, with a water release capacity as high as 95%. As for BMCM on large scale outdoor, water production rate reaches ≈3.41 L/kg/day on average after 5-day cycles in atmospheric air condition. This study provides an insight into the designing of next-generation AWH materials, which would be extended into applications, e.g., water engineering in industry, outdoor portable system or devices, etc.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Filtering lithium-ion capacitors (FLICs) are promising next-generation miniaturized components that integrate high-density energy storage with alternating current (AC) line filtering for advanced compact electronic systems. However, a fundamental trade-off between charge-storage capacity and ion/electron transport kinetics, constrained by sluggish anode kinetics in LICs remains a key bottleneck for simultaneously achieving both functions. Herein, a novel LIC that integrates high energy storage and AC line filtering by employing flexible ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) nanofilms to overcome the transport bottleneck. Strong acid catalyzed highly-crystalline TpPa-SO3H anode nanofilms facilitate rapid Li+ relay transmission, while thickness-dependent DHPATG cathode nanofilms offer abundant active sites for high-capacity storage. This complementary pairing ensures well-matched electrode kinetics and capacity, thereby bridging the long-standing performance gap in LICs. This DHPATG//TpPa-SO3H LIC device exhibits a remarkable energy density of 363.2 mWh cm−3 at 6 W cm−3, along with a high volume capacitance of 1.31 F cm−3 under AC conditions and a phase angle of −71° at 120 Hz. Moreover, the device also effectively converts diverse AC input signals into direct current (DC) outputs, comparable to commercial AEC. This work exploits new iCOF-enabled energy storage and AC filtering devices, offering a viable alternative for miniaturized electronics and energy harvesting systems.
{"title":"Bridging the Energy-Filtering Gap in Filtering Lithium-Ion Capacitors with Covalent Organic Framework Nanofilms","authors":"Xiaoyang Xu, Hong Chen, Zihao Zhang, Xiangjing Zhang, Kaiwei Yang, Yue Wang, Shanlin Qiao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.74416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.74416","url":null,"abstract":"Filtering lithium-ion capacitors (FLICs) are promising next-generation miniaturized components that integrate high-density energy storage with alternating current (AC) line filtering for advanced compact electronic systems. However, a fundamental trade-off between charge-storage capacity and ion/electron transport kinetics, constrained by sluggish anode kinetics in LICs remains a key bottleneck for simultaneously achieving both functions. Herein, a novel LIC that integrates high energy storage and AC line filtering by employing flexible ionic covalent organic framework (iCOF) nanofilms to overcome the transport bottleneck. Strong acid catalyzed highly-crystalline TpPa-SO<sub>3</sub>H anode nanofilms facilitate rapid Li<sup>+</sup> relay transmission, while thickness-dependent DHPATG cathode nanofilms offer abundant active sites for high-capacity storage. This complementary pairing ensures well-matched electrode kinetics and capacity, thereby bridging the long-standing performance gap in LICs. This DHPATG//TpPa-SO<sub>3</sub>H LIC device exhibits a remarkable energy density of 363.2 mWh cm<sup>−3</sup> at 6 W cm<sup>−3</sup>, along with a high volume capacitance of 1.31 F cm<sup>−3</sup> under AC conditions and a phase angle of −71° at 120 Hz. Moreover, the device also effectively converts diverse AC input signals into direct current (DC) outputs, comparable to commercial AEC. This work exploits new iCOF-enabled energy storage and AC filtering devices, offering a viable alternative for miniaturized electronics and energy harvesting systems.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nagaraju Goli, Stefano Tagliaferri, Lifu Zhang, Yeonkyung Lee, Haoyu Bai, Luis E. Salinas-Farran, Joshua N. Rasera, Siyuan Deng, Evan Fisher, Matteo Massetti, Maria Sokolikova, Cecilia Mattevi
Printed zinc-ion batteries (ZnIBs) hold significant promise for micro-energy storage systems, particularly for powering the Internet of Things (IoT). However, their practical viability is limited by short shelf-life and poor cycling stability, arising from interfacial degradation, dendrite formation, parasitic side reactions on the Zn anode, and dissolution of cathode material. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling robust and long-lasting ZnIBs for energy-autonomous devices. Here, we report a durable, fully printed Zn-ion microbattery based on aqueous-ink-manufactured microelectrodes, featuring graphene platelets decorated micron-sized zinc powder (Gr-µZn) anode and a nitrogen-doped carbon@manganese oxide (MnO@NC) composite cathode. The printed Gr-µZn architecture ensures adequate electrical conductivity (2.6 Ω), uniform Zn deposition with low overpotentials (∼50 mV at 1 mA/cm2 after 500 h), good structural integrity and stable operation with low polarization. Furthermore, the fully printed ZnIB exhibits an areal capacity of 1.5 mAh/cm2 (99.8 mAh/g) and an energy density of 2 mWh/cm2, along with an extended shelf-life, which are competitive. To demonstrate practical feasibility, we powered a wearable heart-rate sensor using a printed ZnIBs, which delivered a stable output voltage with ∼70 h of continuous operation. Our work demonstrates a scalable and sustainable platform for high-performance printed ZnIBs, advancing their integration into self-powered health monitoring devices.
{"title":"A Printed Zinc-Ion Microbattery with Extended Shelf Life and Durability for Energy Autonomous Sensors","authors":"Nagaraju Goli, Stefano Tagliaferri, Lifu Zhang, Yeonkyung Lee, Haoyu Bai, Luis E. Salinas-Farran, Joshua N. Rasera, Siyuan Deng, Evan Fisher, Matteo Massetti, Maria Sokolikova, Cecilia Mattevi","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531995","url":null,"abstract":"Printed zinc-ion batteries (ZnIBs) hold significant promise for micro-energy storage systems, particularly for powering the Internet of Things (IoT). However, their practical viability is limited by short shelf-life and poor cycling stability, arising from interfacial degradation, dendrite formation, parasitic side reactions on the Zn anode, and dissolution of cathode material. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling robust and long-lasting ZnIBs for energy-autonomous devices. Here, we report a durable, fully printed Zn-ion microbattery based on aqueous-ink-manufactured microelectrodes, featuring graphene platelets decorated micron-sized zinc powder (Gr-µZn) anode and a nitrogen-doped carbon@manganese oxide (MnO@NC) composite cathode. The printed Gr-µZn architecture ensures adequate electrical conductivity (2.6 Ω), uniform Zn deposition with low overpotentials (∼50 mV at 1 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> after 500 h), good structural integrity and stable operation with low polarization. Furthermore, the fully printed ZnIB exhibits an areal capacity of 1.5 mAh/cm<sup>2</sup> (99.8 mAh/g) and an energy density of 2 mWh/cm<sup>2</sup>, along with an extended shelf-life, which are competitive. To demonstrate practical feasibility, we powered a wearable heart-rate sensor using a printed ZnIBs, which delivered a stable output voltage with ∼70 h of continuous operation. Our work demonstrates a scalable and sustainable platform for high-performance printed ZnIBs, advancing their integration into self-powered health monitoring devices.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Targeting the CD47–SIRPα axis holds substantial therapeutic promise, however, its clinical translation has been hampered by dose-limiting hematotoxicity and poor intratumoral delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe an integrated bioengineering platform that simultaneously resolves both challenges. We engineered a biomimetic SIRPα-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that operates via an avidity-driven mechanism, enabling it to functionally discriminate the high-density CD47 presentation on tumor cells from the low-density distribution on erythrocytes. When delivered intratumorally as mRNA via peptide-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), this system achieves selective, spatially confined reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (CAR-TAMs). Mechanistically, this reprogramming is profound, underpinned by a STAT1/IRF1-driven transcriptomic shift and a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis. Functionally, this transforms TAMs into dual-action effectors that not only mediate direct phagocytosis but also orchestrate a robust CD8⁺ T-cell influx, converting the tumor from immunologically “cold” to “hot”. In a syngeneic solid tumor model expressing human CD47, this resulted in marked tumor regression and prolonged survival, while safety evaluation revealed no treatment-related hematological or systemic toxicity. This work establishes a safe and translatable blueprint for in situ cell immunotherapy, providing an integrated solution to the foundational roadblocks of targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.
{"title":"Biomimetic SIRPα–CAR Engineering for In Situ Macrophage Reprogramming and Potent Solid Tumor Immunotherapy","authors":"Yanan Zhang, Jia Fu, Yucheng Fu, Yifan Lv, Wen Wu, Ruilin Li, Hongchen Gu, Jingxing Yang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202527483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202527483","url":null,"abstract":"Targeting the CD47–SIRPα axis holds substantial therapeutic promise, however, its clinical translation has been hampered by dose-limiting hematotoxicity and poor intratumoral delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe an integrated bioengineering platform that simultaneously resolves both challenges. We engineered a biomimetic SIRPα-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) that operates via an avidity-driven mechanism, enabling it to functionally discriminate the high-density CD47 presentation on tumor cells from the low-density distribution on erythrocytes. When delivered intratumorally as mRNA via peptide-functionalized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), this system achieves selective, spatially confined reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages (CAR-TAMs). Mechanistically, this reprogramming is profound, underpinned by a STAT1/IRF1-driven transcriptomic shift and a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis. Functionally, this transforms TAMs into dual-action effectors that not only mediate direct phagocytosis but also orchestrate a robust CD8⁺ T-cell influx, converting the tumor from immunologically “cold” to “hot”. In a syngeneic solid tumor model expressing human CD47, this resulted in marked tumor regression and prolonged survival, while safety evaluation revealed no treatment-related hematological or systemic toxicity. This work establishes a safe and translatable blueprint for in situ cell immunotherapy, providing an integrated solution to the foundational roadblocks of targeting ubiquitously expressed antigens.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jisung Seo, Soo Ho Choi, Qi Chen, Seunghee Park, Il Jeon, Hyunseok Kim
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have opened new pathways for 3D thin-film crystal engineering by overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional heteroepitaxy. Their atomically thin van der Waals surfaces enable interfacial interactions fundamentally distinct from those in 3D material systems, allowing the realization of crystal lattices, strain states, defect properties, and reconfigurable architectures unattainable with conventional epitaxy. Despite this promise, a critical gap remains in understanding and harnessing the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering. Most studies have focused on thin film growth above 2D layers for enhancing the crystallinity and heterogeneous integrability, whereas the equally powerful regimes below and between 2D materials remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce crystal engineering pathways spanning ‘above (3D on 2D)’, ‘below (3D beneath 2D)’, and ‘between (3D confined within 2D layers)’ 2D layers, highlighting how these regimes collectively enable new crystals and interfaces largely inaccessible through conventional growth techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of underlying mechanisms, experimental demonstrations, and remaining challenges, we provide a perspective on unlocking the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering for thin-film growth and extending it into new regimes of mixed-dimensional heterostructures.
{"title":"Crystal Engineering Pathways Above, Below, and Between 2D Materials","authors":"Jisung Seo, Soo Ho Choi, Qi Chen, Seunghee Park, Il Jeon, Hyunseok Kim","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529607","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) materials have opened new pathways for 3D thin-film crystal engineering by overcoming the intrinsic limitations of conventional heteroepitaxy. Their atomically thin van der Waals surfaces enable interfacial interactions fundamentally distinct from those in 3D material systems, allowing the realization of crystal lattices, strain states, defect properties, and reconfigurable architectures unattainable with conventional epitaxy. Despite this promise, a critical gap remains in understanding and harnessing the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering. Most studies have focused on thin film growth above 2D layers for enhancing the crystallinity and heterogeneous integrability, whereas the equally powerful regimes below and between 2D materials remain largely unexplored. Here, we introduce crystal engineering pathways spanning ‘above (3D on 2D)’, ‘below (3D beneath 2D)’, and ‘between (3D confined within 2D layers)’ 2D layers, highlighting how these regimes collectively enable new crystals and interfaces largely inaccessible through conventional growth techniques. Through a comprehensive analysis of underlying mechanisms, experimental demonstrations, and remaining challenges, we provide a perspective on unlocking the full potential of 2D-mediated crystal engineering for thin-film growth and extending it into new regimes of mixed-dimensional heterostructures.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"385 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
De-Long Li, Jin Yu, Ke-Yu Lan, Mei-Yue Chen, Chun-Yan Liu, Ling Xu, Hua-Dong Huang, Zhong-Ming Li
The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all-organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy–enthalpy–driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low-molecular-weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as “molecular brakes”, are incorporated into a maleic-anhydride-functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well-developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120°C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm−3 with 96.2% charge–discharge efficiency at 715 MV m−1. This entropy–enthalpy-guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat-resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry-compatible materials.
{"title":"An Entropy–Enthalpy-Guided Molecular-Brake Strategy for High-Temperature Capacitive Energy Storage","authors":"De-Long Li, Jin Yu, Ke-Yu Lan, Mei-Yue Chen, Chun-Yan Liu, Ling Xu, Hua-Dong Huang, Zhong-Ming Li","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202532061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202532061","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all-organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy–enthalpy–driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low-molecular-weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as “molecular brakes”, are incorporated into a maleic-anhydride-functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well-developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120°C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm<sup>−3</sup> with 96.2% charge–discharge efficiency at 715 MV m<sup>−1</sup>. This entropy–enthalpy-guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat-resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry-compatible materials.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shah Qasim Jan, Rajeswari Roy Chowdhury, Noah Schulz, Ayomipo Israel Ojo, María González de la Vega, Jesús A. Blanco, Pedro Gorria, Darío A. Arena, Hariharan Srikanth
While broadband electromagnetic (EM) loss mechanisms have critical implications for both electromagnetic absorbers and magnetic hyperthermia, integrating diverse loss channels into single material architecture remains a key challenge for next-generation multifunctional composites. Herein, we introduce carbon confinement of Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles (CFO@C) as a design principle to simultaneously address the performance-processability trade-off for broadband functionality. Mesoporous activated carbon acts as a reactive template that constrains CFO nanoparticle growth (<span data-altimg="/cms/asset/cff1994e-1856-4df9-8836-04786094d711/adfm74340-math-0001.png"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter="1" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex="1" jax="CHTML" role="application" sre-explorer- style="font-size: 103%; position: relative;" tabindex="0"><mjx-math aria-hidden="true" location="graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children="5,7" data-semantic-content="0" data-semantic- data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-speech="tilde 8 n m" data-semantic-type="relseq"><mjx-mrow data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="empty"></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="relseq,∼" data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-type="relation" rspace="5" space="5"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mspace style="width: 0.33em;"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:unit" data-semantic-children="2,4" data-semantic-content="6" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="implicit" data-semantic-type="infixop"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation="clearspeak:simple" data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="integer" data-semantic-type="number"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic-added="true" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator="infixop," data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="multiplication" data-semantic-type="operator" style="margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow><mjx-mspace style="width: 0.33em;"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mi data-semantic-font="normal" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent="7" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="identifier"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display="inline" unselectable="on"><math altimg="urn:x-wiley:1616301X:media:adfm74340:adfm74340-math-0001" display="inline" location="graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-="" data-semantic-children="5,7" data-semantic-content="0" data-semantic-role="equality" data-semantic-speech="tilde 8 n m" data-semantic-type="relseq"><mrow data-semantic-="" data-semantic-parent="8" data-semantic-role="unknown" data-semantic-type="empty"></mrow><mo data-semantic-="" data-semantic-operator="relseq,∼" data-semanti
{"title":"Carbon Confinement as a Design Principle for Multiphase Magnetic Nanocomposites With Broadband Functionality","authors":"Shah Qasim Jan, Rajeswari Roy Chowdhury, Noah Schulz, Ayomipo Israel Ojo, María González de la Vega, Jesús A. Blanco, Pedro Gorria, Darío A. Arena, Hariharan Srikanth","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531306","url":null,"abstract":"While broadband electromagnetic (EM) loss mechanisms have critical implications for both electromagnetic absorbers and magnetic hyperthermia, integrating diverse loss channels into single material architecture remains a key challenge for next-generation multifunctional composites. Herein, we introduce carbon confinement of Cobalt Ferrite nanoparticles (CFO@C) as a design principle to simultaneously address the performance-processability trade-off for broadband functionality. Mesoporous activated carbon acts as a reactive template that constrains CFO nanoparticle growth (<span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/cff1994e-1856-4df9-8836-04786094d711/adfm74340-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"1\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"5,7\" data-semantic-content=\"0\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"tilde 8 n m\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mjx-mrow data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\"></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,∼\" data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\" rspace=\"5\" space=\"5\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mspace style=\"width: 0.33em;\"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"2,4\" data-semantic-content=\"6\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mn data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"integer\" data-semantic-type=\"number\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mn><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,\" data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow><mjx-mspace style=\"width: 0.33em;\"></mjx-mspace><mjx-mi data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"7\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:1616301X:media:adfm74340:adfm74340-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/adfm74340-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"5,7\" data-semantic-content=\"0\" data-semantic-role=\"equality\" data-semantic-speech=\"tilde 8 n m\" data-semantic-type=\"relseq\"><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-parent=\"8\" data-semantic-role=\"unknown\" data-semantic-type=\"empty\"></mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"relseq,∼\" data-semanti","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity is a central objective of cancer treatment, and the precise, synchronous activation of combination therapies represents an effective strategy to address this issue. Herein, we design a heterobimetallic prodrug (LM-RCu) platform that enables in situ synthesis of cytotoxic copper (Cu) complex with concurrent activation of metal-based photosensitizer via intramolecular transmetalation to achieve tumor-targeted chemo-photodynamic-immunotherapy. The general LM-RCu contains a stimuli-responsive diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC) prochelator, a quenched Ru/Ir/Os-based photosensitizer (“OFF” state), and a DPA-Cu moiety, which skillfully acts as both Cu2+ reservoir for DTC and quencher for photosensitizers. Upon tumor-specific stimulation, structurally tunable LM-RCu releases DTC, which chelates Cu2+ from intramolecular DPA-Cu to in situ synthesize cytotoxic Cu(DTC)2 complex, while dissociation of DPA-Cu simultaneously activates photosensitizer (“ON” state). Representatively, the heterobimetallic Ru-Cu prodrug bRu-BCu is selectively triggered by tumor-elevated ROS to generate Cu(DTC)2 and synchronously activate Ru-based photosensitizer. Upon light irradiation, the activated photosensitizer produces type I/II ROS for cells killing while promoting more DTC release, thereby driving the self-boosting loop of Cu(DTC)2 generation and photosensitizer activation, inducing immunogenic PANoptosis to stimulate potent immune responses against primary/distant tumors with minimal toxicity. Overall, this universal and versatile prodrug platform provides an innovative strategy for precise and effective cancer therapy.
{"title":"Stimuli-Responsive Heterobimetallic Prodrug Platform Enables In Situ Copper Complex Synthesis and Photosensitizer Activation for Targeted Chemo-Photodynamic-Immunotherapy","authors":"Zeqian Huang, Jue Wang, Yao Liu, Dong Zheng, Huanxin Lin, Peirong Li, Yumei Dai, Yong Luo, Mingxia Zhang, Xiaoyu Xu, Chunshun Zhao","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529655","url":null,"abstract":"Enhancing therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity is a central objective of cancer treatment, and the precise, synchronous activation of combination therapies represents an effective strategy to address this issue. Herein, we design a heterobimetallic prodrug (<b>LM-RCu</b>) platform that enables in situ synthesis of cytotoxic copper (Cu) complex with concurrent activation of metal-based photosensitizer via intramolecular transmetalation to achieve tumor-targeted chemo-photodynamic-immunotherapy. The general LM-RCu contains a stimuli-responsive diethyldithiocarbamate (<b>DTC</b>) prochelator, a quenched Ru/Ir/Os-based photosensitizer (“OFF” state), and a DPA-Cu moiety, which skillfully acts as both Cu<sup>2+</sup> reservoir for DTC and quencher for photosensitizers. Upon tumor-specific stimulation, structurally tunable LM-RCu releases DTC, which chelates Cu<sup>2+</sup> from intramolecular DPA-Cu to in situ synthesize cytotoxic Cu(DTC)<sub>2</sub> complex, while dissociation of DPA-Cu simultaneously activates photosensitizer (“ON” state). Representatively, the heterobimetallic Ru-Cu prodrug <b>bRu-BCu</b> is selectively triggered by tumor-elevated ROS to generate Cu(DTC)<sub>2</sub> and synchronously activate Ru-based photosensitizer. Upon light irradiation, the activated photosensitizer produces type I/II ROS for cells killing while promoting more DTC release, thereby driving the self-boosting loop of Cu(DTC)<sub>2</sub> generation and photosensitizer activation, inducing immunogenic PANoptosis to stimulate potent immune responses against primary/distant tumors with minimal toxicity. Overall, this universal and versatile prodrug platform provides an innovative strategy for precise and effective cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：