As a critical enabler for the global transition to low-carbon energy, hydrogen storage technologies are undergoing rapid innovation and diversification. This review systematically examines the four dominant hydrogen storage technologies, i.e., high-pressure gaseous, cryogenic liquid, solid-state (AB5, AB2, superlattices, magnesium-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and activated carbon) and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) hydrogen storage technologies, highlighting their research advances in storage density, cost, energy consumption, hydrogen storage/release mechanisms, system integration and applications. Whilst high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage remains the most mature technology, breakthroughs in high-capacity storage materials such as nanostructured magnesium-based materials, MOFs, and novel LOHCs catalysts, continuing to enhance storage capacity, kinetic and thermodynamic performances, and cycling stability. Looking ahead, the field is evolving toward machine learning-based intelligent material design and the development of hybrid energy systems integrating energy storage with flexible thermal/electrical loads. Establishing a diversified portfolio of hydrogen storage technologies, tailored for specific applications ranging from transportation to grid balancing, will effectively drive the large-scale adoption of hydrogen energy.
{"title":"Material Innovations and System Challenges in Hydrogen Storage: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Yanrong Liu, Yajie Zhang, Tianmeng He, Zhengsi Yin, Chenhao Li, Xiaoyi Xue, Hao Wang, Ao Li, Suojiang Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529200","url":null,"abstract":"As a critical enabler for the global transition to low-carbon energy, hydrogen storage technologies are undergoing rapid innovation and diversification. This review systematically examines the four dominant hydrogen storage technologies, i.e., high-pressure gaseous, cryogenic liquid, solid-state (AB<sub>5</sub>, AB<sub>2</sub>, superlattices, magnesium-based materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and activated carbon) and liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) hydrogen storage technologies, highlighting their research advances in storage density, cost, energy consumption, hydrogen storage/release mechanisms, system integration and applications. Whilst high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage remains the most mature technology, breakthroughs in high-capacity storage materials such as nanostructured magnesium-based materials, MOFs, and novel LOHCs catalysts, continuing to enhance storage capacity, kinetic and thermodynamic performances, and cycling stability. Looking ahead, the field is evolving toward machine learning-based intelligent material design and the development of hybrid energy systems integrating energy storage with flexible thermal/electrical loads. Establishing a diversified portfolio of hydrogen storage technologies, tailored for specific applications ranging from transportation to grid balancing, will effectively drive the large-scale adoption of hydrogen energy.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The artwork depicts a copper-based cavity-networked structure (mountain) with a catalytic interface (river) facilitating CO2-to-ethylene conversion. The butterfly pea flowers at the base symbolize the bioinspired microstructure of Clitoria ternatea leaves, integrating natural aesthetics with advanced catalytic engineering. More information can be found in the Research Article by Qikui Fan, Jian Yang, Chuncai Kong, and co-workers (10.1002/adfm.202520743).
{"title":"Cavity-Networked Copper Nanocatalysts with Acid-Tolerant Microenvironments for Efficient CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2026)","authors":"Zhongshuang Xu, Qikui Fan, Huanran Miao, Xinwei Zhang, Hongyu Zhang, Xi Cao, Pengxu Yan, Xiai Zhang, Zhimao Yang, Jian Yang, Chuncai Kong","doi":"10.1002/adfm.73799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.73799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Copper Nanocatalysts</b></p><p>The artwork depicts a copper-based cavity-networked structure (mountain) with a catalytic interface (river) facilitating CO<sub>2</sub>-to-ethylene conversion. The butterfly pea flowers at the base symbolize the bioinspired microstructure of <i>Clitoria ternatea</i> leaves, integrating natural aesthetics with advanced catalytic engineering. More information can be found in the Research Article by Qikui Fan, Jian Yang, Chuncai Kong, and co-workers (10.1002/adfm.202520743).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adfm.73799","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinxu Qiu, Yaxuan He, Yongmin Wu, Hongliang Li, Yuezhen Hua, Tao Wu, Yu Zhao, Yongjin Chen, Jie Shu, Keyu Xie, Yanhua Cui
All-Solid-State Thin-Film Batteries
In their Research Article (10.1002/adfm.202520552), Yanhua Cui and co-workers evaluate the effects of growth strain relaxation and intragranular structure defect distribution on the reversible structural phase transition for high-voltage thin-film cathodes. The image depicts that the longitudinal transition metal layer can be locked by the robust substrate layer, protecting the host structure against distortion and holding long-term cycle life.
全固态薄膜电池
{"title":"Revealing the Role of Internal Strain Behavior on Stabilizing High Voltage LiCoO2-Based All-Solid-State Thin Film Batteries (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2026)","authors":"Jinxu Qiu, Yaxuan He, Yongmin Wu, Hongliang Li, Yuezhen Hua, Tao Wu, Yu Zhao, Yongjin Chen, Jie Shu, Keyu Xie, Yanhua Cui","doi":"10.1002/adfm.73797","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adfm.73797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>All-Solid-State Thin-Film Batteries</b></p><p>In their Research Article (10.1002/adfm.202520552), Yanhua Cui and co-workers evaluate the effects of growth strain relaxation and intragranular structure defect distribution on the reversible structural phase transition for high-voltage thin-film cathodes. The image depicts that the longitudinal transition metal layer can be locked by the robust substrate layer, protecting the host structure against distortion and holding long-term cycle life.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adfm.73797","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amy Carl, Nicholas Clark, David G. Hopkinson, Matthew Hamer, Matthew Watson, Laxman Nagireddy, James E. Nunn, Alexei Barinov, Yichao Zou, William Thornley, Casey Cheung, Wendong Wang, Sam Sullivan-Allsop, Xiao Li, Astrid Weston, Eli G. Castanon, Andrey V Kretinin, Cephise Cacho, Neil R. Wilson, Sarah J. Haigh, Roman Gorbachev
Magnetic two-dimensional materials are a promising platform for novel nano-electronic device architectures. One such layered crystal is the ferromagnetic semiconductor chromium germanium telluride (Cr2Ge2Te6) which recently attracted interest due to its potential for spintronics and memory applications. Here we investigate its properties from the structural standpoint using atomic resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and present the first atomic resolution images down to its monolayer limit. We develop a novel technique that allows one to map the local tilt with unprecedented spatial resolution using only high-resolution images, enabling mapping of the topography and morphological variation of atomically thin crystals. Using it, we show that the Cr2Ge2Te6 monolayer has an unusually large out-of-plane rippling, with local tilt variation reaching 20° over few nm length scales. We hypothesize that such a strongly buckled structure originates from both point and extended lattice defects which are more prevalent in monolayer crystals. In addition, we correlate the structural observations with the band structure measurements using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). We believe that both the atomic scale insights we have gained on Cr2Ge2Te6 and our novel approach to nanoscale topography mapping will benefit the development of van der Waals heterostructures in both fundamental and applied research.
{"title":"Mapping Nanoscale Buckling in Atomically Thin Cr2Ge2Te6","authors":"Amy Carl, Nicholas Clark, David G. Hopkinson, Matthew Hamer, Matthew Watson, Laxman Nagireddy, James E. Nunn, Alexei Barinov, Yichao Zou, William Thornley, Casey Cheung, Wendong Wang, Sam Sullivan-Allsop, Xiao Li, Astrid Weston, Eli G. Castanon, Andrey V Kretinin, Cephise Cacho, Neil R. Wilson, Sarah J. Haigh, Roman Gorbachev","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202526564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202526564","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetic two-dimensional materials are a promising platform for novel nano-electronic device architectures. One such layered crystal is the ferromagnetic semiconductor chromium germanium telluride (Cr<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub>) which recently attracted interest due to its potential for spintronics and memory applications. Here we investigate its properties from the structural standpoint using atomic resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and present the first atomic resolution images down to its monolayer limit. We develop a novel technique that allows one to map the local tilt with unprecedented spatial resolution using only high-resolution images, enabling mapping of the topography and morphological variation of atomically thin crystals. Using it, we show that the Cr<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> monolayer has an unusually large out-of-plane rippling, with local tilt variation reaching 20° over few nm length scales. We hypothesize that such a strongly buckled structure originates from both point and extended lattice defects which are more prevalent in monolayer crystals. In addition, we correlate the structural observations with the band structure measurements using Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES). We believe that both the atomic scale insights we have gained on Cr<sub>2</sub>Ge<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> and our novel approach to nanoscale topography mapping will benefit the development of van der Waals heterostructures in both fundamental and applied research.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In their Research Article (10.1002/adfm.202520631), Wei Feng, Mengmeng Qin, and co-workers draw inspiration from the radial structure of dandelion to develop an innovative, custom-composite strategy tailored for elastic thermal interface materials (TIMs). By constructing dandelion-inspired microspheres, they create a synergistically enhanced 3D thermal network featuring high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical compliance. This 3D thermal networks-based TIMs exhibit stable and efficient thermal management capabilities under dynamic stress, paving the way for advanced thermal management in next-generation flexible electronics and aerospace systems.
{"title":"Dandelion-Inspired Radial Oriented Microspheres for Dynamic Interface Thermal Management (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2026)","authors":"Qingxia He, Heng Zhang, Zhixing Zhang, Yanshuai Duan, Mengmeng Qin, Wei Feng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.73794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.73794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Dynamic Interface Thermal Management</b></p><p>In their Research Article (10.1002/adfm.202520631), Wei Feng, Mengmeng Qin, and co-workers draw inspiration from the radial structure of dandelion to develop an innovative, custom-composite strategy tailored for elastic thermal interface materials (TIMs). By constructing dandelion-inspired microspheres, they create a synergistically enhanced 3D thermal network featuring high thermal conductivity and excellent mechanical compliance. This 3D thermal networks-based TIMs exhibit stable and efficient thermal management capabilities under dynamic stress, paving the way for advanced thermal management in next-generation flexible electronics and aerospace systems.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adfm.73794","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146139604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuan-Anh Le, Husnu H. Alabay, Prabh G. Singh, Melissa Gioia Austin, Pamela A. Manco Urbina, Sanjay Misra, Hakan Ceylan
Atraumatic and localized drug delivery to the vascular endothelium remains a critical unmet need in interventional medicine, with major implications for arterial and venous disease management. Here, we present EndoBot, an untethered elastic millirobot designed to enable endothelial-safe, soft-contact operation, under physiologic blood flow. EndoBot is magnetically actuated and navigates along the vessel lumen through curved, non-uniform geometries while maintaining ultra-low radial contact pressures (<1 kPa), far below endothelial injury thresholds. We demonstrate stable locomotion, with intrinsically compliant mechanics within a defined safety envelope under arterial and venous hemodynamics in phantom vessels, ex vivo human umbilical veins, and an in vivo rat inferior vena cava, without detectable vessel damage. EndoBot is compatible with standard vascular sheaths for wireless deployment and retrieval and is controlled under clinical fluoroscopic guidance using a human-scale magnetic manipulation platform. Blood compatibility testing confirms safety, with minimal hemolysis and no increased coagulation tendency during navigation. For localized therapy, EndoBot employs a gentle endoluminal painting strategy, transferring a washout-resistant drug depot directly onto the vessel lumen. By combining atraumatic mobility, clinical deployability, and localized drug deposition, EndoBot establishes a translationally viable platform for developingmaintenance-oriented endovascular therapies, supporting prevention of restonosis, thrombosis and inflammatory remodeling following intervention.
{"title":"Physiologically Adaptive Soft Millirobot for Atraumatic Endovascular Therapy","authors":"Tuan-Anh Le, Husnu H. Alabay, Prabh G. Singh, Melissa Gioia Austin, Pamela A. Manco Urbina, Sanjay Misra, Hakan Ceylan","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531400","url":null,"abstract":"Atraumatic and localized drug delivery to the vascular endothelium remains a critical unmet need in interventional medicine, with major implications for arterial and venous disease management. Here, we present EndoBot, an untethered elastic millirobot designed to enable endothelial-safe, soft-contact operation, under physiologic blood flow. EndoBot is magnetically actuated and navigates along the vessel lumen through curved, non-uniform geometries while maintaining ultra-low radial contact pressures (<1 kPa), far below endothelial injury thresholds. We demonstrate stable locomotion, with intrinsically compliant mechanics within a defined safety envelope under arterial and venous hemodynamics in phantom vessels, ex vivo human umbilical veins, and an in vivo rat inferior vena cava, without detectable vessel damage. EndoBot is compatible with standard vascular sheaths for wireless deployment and retrieval and is controlled under clinical fluoroscopic guidance using a human-scale magnetic manipulation platform. Blood compatibility testing confirms safety, with minimal hemolysis and no increased coagulation tendency during navigation. For localized therapy, EndoBot employs a gentle endoluminal painting strategy, transferring a washout-resistant drug depot directly onto the vessel lumen. By combining atraumatic mobility, clinical deployability, and localized drug deposition, EndoBot establishes a translationally viable platform for developingmaintenance-oriented endovascular therapies, supporting prevention of restonosis, thrombosis and inflammatory remodeling following intervention.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"241 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Animal muscle is an intriguing natural material whose mechanical properties arise from sequence-diverse protein domains, many of which remain unexplored for material design. Among them, Immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains act as molecular springs that can unfold and refold repetitively without losing function, dissipating mechanical energy as heat, making them promising building blocks for next-generation protein-based materials (PBMs). In this study, we translate these molecular features to the macroscale by fabricating fibers from microbially-synthesized Ig domains of various muscle proteins. Among them, Filamin-derived Ig fibers (MW = 123 kDa) exhibited a unique combination of high tensile strength (412 ± 22 MPa), high toughness (120 ± 17 MJ/m3), remarkable mechanical stability (∼89%) under 90% humidity, high energy damping capacity (∼80%), and complete shape recovery (∼100%) over repeated loading–unloading cycles. Our results further revealed molecular mechanisms underlying these properties: (i) Ig domain hydrophobicity strongly correlates with fiber assembly and tensile strength, (ii) reversible unfolding–refolding of Ig domains enables efficient energy dissipation and self-recovery, and (iii) hydrogen-bonding networks within the amorphous matrix regulate humidity-induced weakening. Together, these findings establish Ig domains as a new class of PBMs combining advantageous mechanical and physical properties, offering a versatile platform for developing advanced materials with tunable performance.
{"title":"Muscle-Inspired Fibers from Immunoglobulin Domains Combine Superior Mechanical Performance, Energy Damping, and Shape Memory Properties","authors":"Shri Venkatesh Subramani, Qingyue Guo, Huamin Gao, Kok Zhi Lee, Tate Darin, Faramarz Joodaki, Sinan Keten, Fuzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529451","url":null,"abstract":"Animal muscle is an intriguing natural material whose mechanical properties arise from sequence-diverse protein domains, many of which remain unexplored for material design. Among them, Immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains act as molecular springs that can unfold and refold repetitively without losing function, dissipating mechanical energy as heat, making them promising building blocks for next-generation protein-based materials (PBMs). In this study, we translate these molecular features to the macroscale by fabricating fibers from microbially-synthesized Ig domains of various muscle proteins. Among them, Filamin-derived Ig fibers (<i>M<sub>W</sub></i> = 123 kDa) exhibited a unique combination of high tensile strength (412 ± 22 MPa), high toughness (120 ± 17 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>), remarkable mechanical stability (∼89%) under 90% humidity, high energy damping capacity (∼80%), and complete shape recovery (∼100%) over repeated loading–unloading cycles. Our results further revealed molecular mechanisms underlying these properties: (i) Ig domain hydrophobicity strongly correlates with fiber assembly and tensile strength, (ii) reversible unfolding–refolding of Ig domains enables efficient energy dissipation and self-recovery, and (iii) hydrogen-bonding networks within the amorphous matrix regulate humidity-induced weakening. Together, these findings establish Ig domains as a new class of PBMs combining advantageous mechanical and physical properties, offering a versatile platform for developing advanced materials with tunable performance.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"301 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Heng Zhou, Yan Zhang, Yuyue Zhou, Dalin Sun, Hao Wang, Deyu Wu, Song Yang, Tianyi Ma, Heng Zhang
Precise regulation of carrier kinetics in heterogeneous photocatalytic materials to improve water purification is crucial for alleviating the global water crisis. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of a novel KBC/CeO2/Cd0.5Zn0.5S (KCCZS) S-scheme heterojunction with KOH-activated biochar (KBC) as an electron transport medium. A synergistic mechanism involving “surface active sites–internal electric field (IEF)–optimized carrier kinetics” is established, achieving rapid imidacloprid (IMI) removal. Comprehensive characterizations and DFT calculations validate the “internal and external cultivation” strategy, for which photogenerated carriers are efficiently separated spatially by IEF at the heterojunction interface. Concurrently, KBC functions as an “electron pump” to continuously supply electrons, further enhancing carrier generation and separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation, 10%KCCZS exhibits exceptional IMI removal performance (99.4%, 30 min) with a rate constant of 0.1521 min−1, representing 23.0 times higher than CeO2 (0.0066 min−1) and surpassing most previous reports. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains excellent purification performance across a broad pH range (3–11), complex water matrices (interfering ions/organics), and various organic pollutants. Mechanistic investigations confirm effective utilization of photogenerated carriers and the dominant role of •O2−. LC-MS analysis coupled with comprehensive toxicity assessment (computational toxicity and biological culture assays) elucidates the IMI degradation pathways and environmental safety. This “internal and external cultivation” strategy fundamentally improves carrier kinetics, not only providing innovative perspectives for future heterojunction design but also paving the way for green and sustainable water purification technologies.
{"title":"Internal and External Cultivation: Unleashing the Potential of Carrier Kinetics to Boost Photocatalytic Water Purification","authors":"Heng Zhou, Yan Zhang, Yuyue Zhou, Dalin Sun, Hao Wang, Deyu Wu, Song Yang, Tianyi Ma, Heng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202531555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202531555","url":null,"abstract":"Precise regulation of carrier kinetics in heterogeneous photocatalytic materials to improve water purification is crucial for alleviating the global water crisis. Herein, we report the successful synthesis of a novel KBC/CeO<sub>2</sub>/Cd<sub>0.5</sub>Zn<sub>0.5</sub>S (KCCZS) S-scheme heterojunction with KOH-activated biochar (KBC) as an electron transport medium. A synergistic mechanism involving “surface active sites–internal electric field (IEF)–optimized carrier kinetics” is established, achieving rapid imidacloprid (IMI) removal. Comprehensive characterizations and DFT calculations validate the “internal and external cultivation” strategy, for which photogenerated carriers are efficiently separated spatially by IEF at the heterojunction interface. Concurrently, KBC functions as an “electron pump” to continuously supply electrons, further enhancing carrier generation and separation efficiency. Under visible light irradiation, 10%KCCZS exhibits exceptional IMI removal performance (99.4%, 30 min) with a rate constant of 0.1521 min<sup>−1</sup>, representing 23.0 times higher than CeO<sub>2</sub> (0.0066 min<sup>−1</sup>) and surpassing most previous reports. Furthermore, the catalyst maintains excellent purification performance across a broad pH range (3–11), complex water matrices (interfering ions/organics), and various organic pollutants. Mechanistic investigations confirm effective utilization of photogenerated carriers and the dominant role of •O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>. LC-MS analysis coupled with comprehensive toxicity assessment (computational toxicity and biological culture assays) elucidates the IMI degradation pathways and environmental safety. This “internal and external cultivation” strategy fundamentally improves carrier kinetics, not only providing innovative perspectives for future heterojunction design but also paving the way for green and sustainable water purification technologies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Co3O4 is considered a promising oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, but its performance is constrained by insufficient active site exposure, inefficient electron transfer, and poor stability. To address these issues, we designed a high-entropy Co3O4 (Co1.4(MnFeNiCu)1.6O4). This material exhibits a low Tafel slope of 39.49 mV dec−1. Notably, the Pt/C||Co1.4(MnFeNiCu)1.6O4 electrode pair operated continuously for 2400 h at a high current density of 500 mA cm−2 under industrial conditions (30 wt.% KOH, 60 °C) in an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Advanced in situ spectroscopic techniques combined with density functional theory calculations confirm that the high activity of Co1.4(MnFeNiCu)1.6O4 originates from enhanced participation of the lattice oxygen oxidation pathway. Furthermore, the high-entropy effect stabilizes the oxidation state of Co and strengthens the metal-oxygen bond, ensuring high stability. This study provides a strategy for designing high-performance Co3O4, which will facilitate the development of industrial-scale hydrogen production technologies.
{"title":"High-Entropy Modified Spinel-Type Co3O4 Nanowires Enhance Activity and Stability for Water Oxidation","authors":"Tianpeng Zhang, Fangqing Wang, Peng Fu, Zhiyu Li, Lingxiao Li, Zhijie Cao, Liyao Tang, Daixing Wei, Hailin Cong","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202530208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202530208","url":null,"abstract":"Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> is considered a promising oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, but its performance is constrained by insufficient active site exposure, inefficient electron transfer, and poor stability. To address these issues, we designed a high-entropy Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (Co<sub>1.4</sub>(MnFeNiCu)<sub>1.6</sub>O<sub>4</sub>). This material exhibits a low Tafel slope of 39.49 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, the Pt/C||Co<sub>1.4</sub>(MnFeNiCu)<sub>1.6</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode pair operated continuously for 2400 h at a high current density of 500 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> under industrial conditions (30 wt.% KOH, 60 °C) in an anion-exchange membrane electrolyzer. Advanced in situ spectroscopic techniques combined with density functional theory calculations confirm that the high activity of Co<sub>1.4</sub>(MnFeNiCu)<sub>1.6</sub>O<sub>4</sub> originates from enhanced participation of the lattice oxygen oxidation pathway. Furthermore, the high-entropy effect stabilizes the oxidation state of Co and strengthens the metal-oxygen bond, ensuring high stability. This study provides a strategy for designing high-performance Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, which will facilitate the development of industrial-scale hydrogen production technologies.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anisotropic thermally conductive films (TCFs) capable of achieving efficient intra-plane heat dissipation while suppressing inter-plane thermal transfer have become essential components for next-generation electronics thermal management. Inspired by nacre, we demonstrated an ultrahigh anisotropic thermally conductive MXene (Ti3C2Tx) films through a bioinspired confined strategy. The layer-by-layer blade coating is applied to prepare confined highly oriented layered structure of MXene and montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets by interfacial bridging. The resultant MXene films exhibit exceptional intra-plane thermal conductivity (63.4 W m−1 K−1) while creating substantial phonon scattering interfaces to minimize inter-plane thermal conductivity (0.09 W m−1 K−1), thereby providing a thermal anisotropy factor that reaches 707. The resultant MXene films have superior cooling efficiency compared to commercial TCFs as thermal spreaders for next-generation electronics. Our strategy provides an avenue for assembling other two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets into high-performance functional film.
各向异性导热膜（tcf）能够实现有效的平面内散热，同时抑制平面间的热传递，已成为下一代电子热管理的重要组成部分。受珍珠质启发，我们通过生物激发受限策略展示了超高各向异性导热MXene （Ti3C2Tx）薄膜。采用逐层叶片涂层的方法，通过界面桥接制备了MXene和蒙脱土（MMT）纳米片的受限高取向层状结构。所得到的MXene薄膜具有出色的面内导热系数（63.4 W m−1 K−1），同时产生大量声子散射界面以最小化面间导热系数（0.09 W m−1 K−1），从而提供了热各向异性因子达到707。作为下一代电子产品的散热材料，与商用tcf相比，合成的MXene薄膜具有优越的冷却效率。我们的策略为将其他二维（2D）纳米片组装成高性能功能薄膜提供了一条途径。
{"title":"Bioinspired Confined Anisotropic Thermally Conductive MXene Film for Efficient Thermal Management","authors":"Lei Li, Ruohan Xu, Jia Yan, Yanlei Wang, Junfeng Lu, Zejun Zhang, Wei Li, Wangwei Lian, Jie Sun, Baohua Jia, Qunfeng Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adfm.202529268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202529268","url":null,"abstract":"Anisotropic thermally conductive films (TCFs) capable of achieving efficient intra-plane heat dissipation while suppressing inter-plane thermal transfer have become essential components for next-generation electronics thermal management. Inspired by nacre, we demonstrated an ultrahigh anisotropic thermally conductive MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<i><sub>x</sub></i>) films through a bioinspired confined strategy. The layer-by-layer blade coating is applied to prepare confined highly oriented layered structure of MXene and montmorillonite (MMT) nanosheets by interfacial bridging. The resultant MXene films exhibit exceptional intra-plane thermal conductivity (63.4 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>) while creating substantial phonon scattering interfaces to minimize inter-plane thermal conductivity (0.09 W m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>), thereby providing a thermal anisotropy factor that reaches 707. The resultant MXene films have superior cooling efficiency compared to commercial TCFs as thermal spreaders for next-generation electronics. Our strategy provides an avenue for assembling other two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets into high-performance functional film.","PeriodicalId":112,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Functional Materials","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":19.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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