Pub Date : 2018-02-13DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000S1001
Huang Ming
Stereotypes exit everywhere, and there is no exception in tourism. Thailand has been one of the most popular places for Chinese tourists, and thanks to Chinese visitors, tourism in Thailand has become the single biggest source of growth in the Thai economy. The tourism industry in Thailand is also faced with an increasing number of travelers from all over the world, with different cultural backgrounds as well. As a result, greater cross-cultural awareness, understanding and acceptance of cultural differences is needed in tourism industry. This paper mainly explores the cultural differences between Thai people and Chinese tourists in a tourism context, and examines some stereotypes of Chinese tourists held by Thai people. As stereotypes range from highly favorable to highly unfavorable, this paper focuses on some negative perceptions Thai people hold toward Chinese tourists and discusses the negative effects of stereotyping in cultural understanding and some suggestions to reduce stereotypes in cross-cultural communication.
{"title":"Cross-cultural Differences and Cultural Stereotypes in Tourism - ChineseTourists in Thailand","authors":"Huang Ming","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000S1001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000S1001","url":null,"abstract":"Stereotypes exit everywhere, and there is no exception in tourism. Thailand has been one of the most popular places for Chinese tourists, and thanks to Chinese visitors, tourism in Thailand has become the single biggest source of growth in the Thai economy. The tourism industry in Thailand is also faced with an increasing number of travelers from all over the world, with different cultural backgrounds as well. As a result, greater cross-cultural awareness, understanding and acceptance of cultural differences is needed in tourism industry. This paper mainly explores the cultural differences between Thai people and Chinese tourists in a tourism context, and examines some stereotypes of Chinese tourists held by Thai people. As stereotypes range from highly favorable to highly unfavorable, this paper focuses on some negative perceptions Thai people hold toward Chinese tourists and discusses the negative effects of stereotyping in cultural understanding and some suggestions to reduce stereotypes in cross-cultural communication.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123074152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-29DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000170
O. Skhiri
It is an “exploratory” research that attempts to understand the behaviour of managers in crisis situations through a basic theoretical scheme that we try to test in the field. This study aims to test the validity of the theoretical model by confronting it with the perceptions of hotel management. Develop an understanding of behavioural variables according to the nature of the crisis. Find ways for leaders to anticipate the crisis in advance and manage the situation in time to reduce the scale of the damage. The results of the research should allow us to provide recommendations through the different types of actions to be taken before, during and after crisis situations.
{"title":"Managers’ Behaviour in Situations of Crisis: The Case of the Hotel Industry in Tunisia","authors":"O. Skhiri","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"It is an “exploratory” research that attempts to understand the behaviour of managers in crisis situations through a basic theoretical scheme that we try to test in the field. This study aims to test the validity of the theoretical model by confronting it with the perceptions of hotel management. Develop an understanding of behavioural variables according to the nature of the crisis. Find ways for leaders to anticipate the crisis in advance and manage the situation in time to reduce the scale of the damage. The results of the research should allow us to provide recommendations through the different types of actions to be taken before, during and after crisis situations.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129857599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-07DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000166
Muhammad Faisal Malik, Shazia Akhtar
The present study examines the relationship between emotional ambivalence and employee creativity among hospitality sector personnel in Pakistan. Data were collected from 196 employees working in different hotels and also from aviation hospitality staff. Findings indicate that employee who has feeling of mixed emotions is more creative than others. Results also indicate that emotional competence as moderator is not working between the relationship of emotional ambivalence and employee creativity. Implications and future research directions for hospitality management are also discussed.
{"title":"Effect of Emotional Ambivelance on Employee Creativity","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Malik, Shazia Akhtar","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000166","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examines the relationship between emotional ambivalence and employee creativity among hospitality sector personnel in Pakistan. Data were collected from 196 employees working in different hotels and also from aviation hospitality staff. Findings indicate that employee who has feeling of mixed emotions is more creative than others. Results also indicate that emotional competence as moderator is not working between the relationship of emotional ambivalence and employee creativity. Implications and future research directions for hospitality management are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-30DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000164
A. Gilmore
Over the past half century, mass tourism with a focus on serving large numbers of tourists has led to some regions suffering from ‘saturation tourism’ and over-crowding, especially in mature, well established tourism regions. This is often accompanied by relatively low tourist spending on site, which leads to limited economic benefits at a local level. There are many different organisations and perspectives within the tourism industry that shape the nature of tourism marketing. Different tourism organisations have different goals to achieve and operate to different agendas. At a macro level, some governments and regional authorities are increasingly championing the need to reduce tourist numbers and replacing them with fewer, better quality tourists who potentially will spend more. This view may be justified on the grounds of protecting both the general environment and social needs (such as quality of life) of an indigenous population. The quality over quantity argument often assumes that the extra spend from fewer tourists will negate any reductions in numbers of tourists to a tourist region. This commentary paper discusses the role of quality and quantity in the context of mass tourism in well established tourist regions.
{"title":"Quality and Quantity in Tourism","authors":"A. Gilmore","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000164","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past half century, mass tourism with a focus on serving large numbers of tourists has led to some regions suffering from ‘saturation tourism’ and over-crowding, especially in mature, well established tourism regions. This is often accompanied by relatively low tourist spending on site, which leads to limited economic benefits at a local level. There are many different organisations and perspectives within the tourism industry that shape the nature of tourism marketing. Different tourism organisations have different goals to achieve and operate to different agendas. At a macro level, some governments and regional authorities are increasingly championing the need to reduce tourist numbers and replacing them with fewer, better quality tourists who potentially will spend more. This view may be justified on the grounds of protecting both the general environment and social needs (such as quality of life) of an indigenous population. The quality over quantity argument often assumes that the extra spend from fewer tourists will negate any reductions in numbers of tourists to a tourist region. This commentary paper discusses the role of quality and quantity in the context of mass tourism in well established tourist regions.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"8 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131301146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-05DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000163
W. JosephChang
This research consists of two experimental studies investigating the dominance of moral character on athlete endorser perception and the influence of perceiver characteristics on tarnished athlete endorser perception and brand evaluations. Perceiver characteristics are discussed from the perspectives of dispositional tendency, innate moral intuitions and self-location. The first study compared the dominance of moral character and warmth on endorser perception. The second study examined the impact of perceiver characteristics on tarnished athlete endorsers and brand evaluations. The findings reveal that moral character is more influential than warmth on endorser evaluations. Tarnished athlete endorsers with immoral character exert more negative influence than tarnished endorsers with coldness character on brand evaluations. Innate moral intuitions and self-location moderate brand evaluations. Highmorality consumers and heart-locators are more vulnerable than low-morality and brain-locators to the brands endorsed by tarnished endorsers, respectively.
{"title":"The Impacts of Moral Character in Celebrity Endorsement","authors":"W. JosephChang","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000163","url":null,"abstract":"This research consists of two experimental studies investigating the dominance of moral character on athlete endorser perception and the influence of perceiver characteristics on tarnished athlete endorser perception and brand evaluations. Perceiver characteristics are discussed from the perspectives of dispositional tendency, innate moral intuitions and self-location. The first study compared the dominance of moral character and warmth on endorser perception. The second study examined the impact of perceiver characteristics on tarnished athlete endorsers and brand evaluations. The findings reveal that moral character is more influential than warmth on endorser evaluations. Tarnished athlete endorsers with immoral character exert more negative influence than tarnished endorsers with coldness character on brand evaluations. Innate moral intuitions and self-location moderate brand evaluations. Highmorality consumers and heart-locators are more vulnerable than low-morality and brain-locators to the brands endorsed by tarnished endorsers, respectively.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"323 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115670541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-17DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000162
Minglong Li, Hailian Qiu
In an era that almost everyone has access to photography and public media, tourists’ behaviors are greatly influenced by “Smartphone” photography. Examining how people perceive their photography behaviors using Smartphone or are influenced by others’ behavior is of necessity. This study investigated the topic based on a qualitative approach. It is of value to the understanding of tourists’ behaviors related to the application of modern technology. The research findings could also provide implications for the site management of tourist behaviors or customer interaction.
{"title":"Towards an Analysis of Tourists’Smartphone” Photography","authors":"Minglong Li, Hailian Qiu","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000162","url":null,"abstract":"In an era that almost everyone has access to photography and public media, tourists’ behaviors are greatly influenced by “Smartphone” photography. Examining how people perceive their photography behaviors using Smartphone or are influenced by others’ behavior is of necessity. This study investigated the topic based on a qualitative approach. It is of value to the understanding of tourists’ behaviors related to the application of modern technology. The research findings could also provide implications for the site management of tourist behaviors or customer interaction.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125920063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-12DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000161
Igbojekwe P
The main objective of this study was to examine emotional labour coping strategies adopted and practiced by customer-contact employees in hotel organizations. Given the crucial role emotional labour plays during service encounters, the study emphasized and was motivated by the importance of managing employee emotions in relation to quality service delivery. In order to achieve above main objective, four specific objectives were examined. Data were gathered by the use of structured questionnaires designed in Likert format, and interviews. The focus groups were customer-service employees of the selected hotels. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0 software. Formulated hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Z-test and t-test for tests of significance. Analysis revealed that most service employees use surface acting (SA) more often than deep acting (DA) as coping strategies. It was observed that in all the variables studied, 5-star hotels were rated better than the others. The likely implication of above findings is that at the end of the shift, employees go home emotionally drained-up. Our conclusions are that workers’ emotion is poorly managed and emotional demand of customer service jobs is not very well appreciated. As above findings have serious human resource implications for the hotel industry in Nigeria, recommendations are made.
{"title":"A Study of Emotional Labour Coping Strategies in Some Hotels in SouthEast Nigeria","authors":"Igbojekwe P","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000161","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to examine emotional labour coping strategies adopted and practiced by customer-contact employees in hotel organizations. Given the crucial role emotional labour plays during service encounters, the study emphasized and was motivated by the importance of managing employee emotions in relation to quality service delivery. In order to achieve above main objective, four specific objectives were examined. Data were gathered by the use of structured questionnaires designed in Likert format, and interviews. The focus groups were customer-service employees of the selected hotels. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 17.0 software. Formulated hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Z-test and t-test for tests of significance. Analysis revealed that most service employees use surface acting (SA) more often than deep acting (DA) as coping strategies. It was observed that in all the variables studied, 5-star hotels were rated better than the others. The likely implication of above findings is that at the end of the shift, employees go home emotionally drained-up. Our conclusions are that workers’ emotion is poorly managed and emotional demand of customer service jobs is not very well appreciated. As above findings have serious human resource implications for the hotel industry in Nigeria, recommendations are made.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122745946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-27DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000160
Chin-Tsai Lin, Ting-Ting Chang
This paper is a descriptive study of mentoring relationships between chef mentors and their proteges in Taiwan.It primarily aimed to complement the understanding of the initiation factors and career benefits of such mentoring relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty-six chefs who worked in star hotels or well-known restaurants in Taiwan. This study deconstructed the formation of mentoring relationships and their mutual benefits in the workplace. The interview results indicated fourteen initiation factors and seven classifications of benefits of mentoring relationships. Previous studies have seldom explored the mentoring relationship characteristics in different cultural contexts and culinary workplaces. Based on the results, this study provides advice on developing a sustainable career through mentoring relationships and recommends the technology-based industry to consider creating effective mentoring relationships. Further related discussion is also provided in this paper.
{"title":"The Beginning and Benefits of Mentoring Relationships â A Case Studyof Chefs in Taiwan","authors":"Chin-Tsai Lin, Ting-Ting Chang","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a descriptive study of mentoring relationships between chef mentors and their proteges in Taiwan.It primarily aimed to complement the understanding of the initiation factors and career benefits of such mentoring relationships. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty-six chefs who worked in star hotels or well-known restaurants in Taiwan. This study deconstructed the formation of mentoring relationships and their mutual benefits in the workplace. The interview results indicated fourteen initiation factors and seven classifications of benefits of mentoring relationships. Previous studies have seldom explored the mentoring relationship characteristics in different cultural contexts and culinary workplaces. Based on the results, this study provides advice on developing a sustainable career through mentoring relationships and recommends the technology-based industry to consider creating effective mentoring relationships. Further related discussion is also provided in this paper.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115652565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-04-26DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000159
Akkus C, Gokalp Ns
Consumers are affected from similar factors while deciding to purchase a product or a service. Although there is a general acceptance that psychology plays the most important role at the center of these factors; the studies on this subject have revealed that cognitive biases and irrational elements are also very important. These studies have also indicated that one of the factors among the irrational elements that affect the consumer behavior is zero price sensitiveness. This study aims to test whether zero price has an effect on decision making process towards tourism. In regard to this goal, two different hotels with two components of room and breakfast are determined; and although that the other hotel is the selected option, when a certain component's price within the product is fixed to zero, it has been assumed that demand for that product would increase abnormally. Also, Monty Hall problem was applied to tourism and tested in order to examine whether the choices about zero price are realized randomly or not. Within the scope of this study, an experiment relying on hypothetical selection method was conducted by 159 lecturers. The zero price effect was found to be significant in the model used in the experiment and a significant difference was found between the responses to the Monty Hall problem.
{"title":"Testing and Verification of the Zero-Price Effect in Touristic Products","authors":"Akkus C, Gokalp Ns","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers are affected from similar factors while deciding to purchase a product or a service. Although there is a general acceptance that psychology plays the most important role at the center of these factors; the studies on this subject have revealed that cognitive biases and irrational elements are also very important. These studies have also indicated that one of the factors among the irrational elements that affect the consumer behavior is zero price sensitiveness. This study aims to test whether zero price has an effect on decision making process towards tourism. In regard to this goal, two different hotels with two components of room and breakfast are determined; and although that the other hotel is the selected option, when a certain component's price within the product is fixed to zero, it has been assumed that demand for that product would increase abnormally. Also, Monty Hall problem was applied to tourism and tested in order to examine whether the choices about zero price are realized randomly or not. Within the scope of this study, an experiment relying on hypothetical selection method was conducted by 159 lecturers. The zero price effect was found to be significant in the model used in the experiment and a significant difference was found between the responses to the Monty Hall problem.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123936168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-13DOI: 10.4172/2169-0286.1000157
G. Karch, M. Peters
Uniforms play a major role during any service encounter and can impact stakeholder experience. The authors review current literature in the field of uniform provision in the hotel industry and present a comparative study from two different cultural settings: Hong Kong SAR, China and Tyrol, Austria. The research gathered quantitative data from those that wear business attire or uniforms and are engaged in the provision of services and or products alike. The data presents six factors, which describe uniform wear influences on customer contact employees. The overall result shows, that in the three highest scores, contact staff considered their job pleasant; uniforms communicate to others that one belongs to the organization, and they were very satisfied with their current job. On the other spectrum, the lowest scores were collected for wearing a uniform towards improving the job satisfaction, and the lack of involved in uniform design process.
{"title":"The Impact of Employee Uniforms on Job Satisfaction in the Hospitality Industry","authors":"G. Karch, M. Peters","doi":"10.4172/2169-0286.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2169-0286.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Uniforms play a major role during any service encounter and can impact stakeholder experience. The authors review current literature in the field of uniform provision in the hotel industry and present a comparative study from two different cultural settings: Hong Kong SAR, China and Tyrol, Austria. The research gathered quantitative data from those that wear business attire or uniforms and are engaged in the provision of services and or products alike. The data presents six factors, which describe uniform wear influences on customer contact employees. The overall result shows, that in the three highest scores, contact staff considered their job pleasant; uniforms communicate to others that one belongs to the organization, and they were very satisfied with their current job. On the other spectrum, the lowest scores were collected for wearing a uniform towards improving the job satisfaction, and the lack of involved in uniform design process.","PeriodicalId":113459,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hotel & Business Management","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125278927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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