Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105346
Saumitra Misra , Dwijesh Ray
<div><div>The ∼65 Ma, dominantly basaltic, Deccan Traps Volcanic Province (DTVP) in India is thought to have evolved from either deep mantle plume or shallow mantle non-plume source through the process of assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC), although petrological evidence of crustal contamination is still unexplored. This province is a bimodal basalt-felsic volcanic suite and our recent petrochemical analyses of the DTVP felsic volcanic rocks from Alech Hills, Saurashtra, India, along with a comprehensive review of existing whole-rock chemical and isotopic data (<span><span>https://georoc.eu</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) across the entire lithologic spectrum of the DT - including picrite, voluminous low- and high-Ti basalts (boundary at ∼2.5 wt% of TiO<sub>2</sub>), minor andesite and rhyolitic volcanics, show this basic-acid igneous province is a volcanic equivalent of shallow-crustal bimodal A-type granitoid suites. The DT low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks along with picrite exhibit overlapping composition in terms of incompatible trace element ratio (after Hoffman, 2003) and isotopic ratios (Sr, Nd) suggesting their cogenetic relationship. Further, the geochemical plots of DT basalts encompass the field of Central Indian Ridge (CIR) MORBs, reinforcing potential genetic connection between these two groups, as proposed by Sen et al. (2009) based on isotopic (Hf, Nd, Sr and Pb) data. Our petrochemical modeling suggests that the parent DT high-MgO basalt with Mg# ≥ 0.73 (MgO ∼15.63 to 18.83 wt%) was generated through decompression melting in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at an estimated pressure ∼1.5 GPa (∼45 km depth) and temperature of ∼1358°C, during a period of significant crustal extension prior to the opening of the CIR. This primary magma experienced moderate fractionation of mainly olivine <sub>(Mg# ∼0.88)</sub> (∼23 wt%), clinopyroxene <sub>(Mg# ∼0.77)</sub> (∼17 wt%) and minor plagioclase <sub>(CaO ∼14 wt%)</sub> (∼7 wt%) perhaps during its rapid ascent through deep-seated crustal fractures, resulting in the formation of low-Ti basalt with an Mg# ∼0.55 that formed a voluminous magma chamber (or medium-sized multi-connected magma chambers) at a crustal depth of ∼6 km (∼ 2 kbar or less) for longer duration of time. The heat of this hot, voluminous basaltic magma then led to significant partial melting of the surrounding tonalitic crusts in a relatively anhydrous condition, resulting in the formation of an enveloping rhyolitic melt at an estimated pressure-temperature of ∼1 kbar and > 900°C. The following igneous event involved limited mixing between these juxtaposing basaltic and rhyolitic melts mainly through the self-diffusion of isotopes (Sr, Nd) and static downhill chemical diffusion of incompatible elements e.g., K, LILE, LREE and HFSE from the rhyolitic to basaltic melts that resulted mainly in incompatible element enriched basalt (and some picrites) marginal to the low-Ti basaltic magma chamber. O
{"title":"Hybrid volcanic rocks from Alech Hills, Saurashtra, western India- insight into the role of magma mixing in the evolution of Late Cretaceous Deccan Traps Volcanic Province","authors":"Saumitra Misra , Dwijesh Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ∼65 Ma, dominantly basaltic, Deccan Traps Volcanic Province (DTVP) in India is thought to have evolved from either deep mantle plume or shallow mantle non-plume source through the process of assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC), although petrological evidence of crustal contamination is still unexplored. This province is a bimodal basalt-felsic volcanic suite and our recent petrochemical analyses of the DTVP felsic volcanic rocks from Alech Hills, Saurashtra, India, along with a comprehensive review of existing whole-rock chemical and isotopic data (<span><span>https://georoc.eu</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) across the entire lithologic spectrum of the DT - including picrite, voluminous low- and high-Ti basalts (boundary at ∼2.5 wt% of TiO<sub>2</sub>), minor andesite and rhyolitic volcanics, show this basic-acid igneous province is a volcanic equivalent of shallow-crustal bimodal A-type granitoid suites. The DT low- and high-Ti basaltic rocks along with picrite exhibit overlapping composition in terms of incompatible trace element ratio (after Hoffman, 2003) and isotopic ratios (Sr, Nd) suggesting their cogenetic relationship. Further, the geochemical plots of DT basalts encompass the field of Central Indian Ridge (CIR) MORBs, reinforcing potential genetic connection between these two groups, as proposed by Sen et al. (2009) based on isotopic (Hf, Nd, Sr and Pb) data. Our petrochemical modeling suggests that the parent DT high-MgO basalt with Mg# ≥ 0.73 (MgO ∼15.63 to 18.83 wt%) was generated through decompression melting in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) at an estimated pressure ∼1.5 GPa (∼45 km depth) and temperature of ∼1358°C, during a period of significant crustal extension prior to the opening of the CIR. This primary magma experienced moderate fractionation of mainly olivine <sub>(Mg# ∼0.88)</sub> (∼23 wt%), clinopyroxene <sub>(Mg# ∼0.77)</sub> (∼17 wt%) and minor plagioclase <sub>(CaO ∼14 wt%)</sub> (∼7 wt%) perhaps during its rapid ascent through deep-seated crustal fractures, resulting in the formation of low-Ti basalt with an Mg# ∼0.55 that formed a voluminous magma chamber (or medium-sized multi-connected magma chambers) at a crustal depth of ∼6 km (∼ 2 kbar or less) for longer duration of time. The heat of this hot, voluminous basaltic magma then led to significant partial melting of the surrounding tonalitic crusts in a relatively anhydrous condition, resulting in the formation of an enveloping rhyolitic melt at an estimated pressure-temperature of ∼1 kbar and > 900°C. The following igneous event involved limited mixing between these juxtaposing basaltic and rhyolitic melts mainly through the self-diffusion of isotopes (Sr, Nd) and static downhill chemical diffusion of incompatible elements e.g., K, LILE, LREE and HFSE from the rhyolitic to basaltic melts that resulted mainly in incompatible element enriched basalt (and some picrites) marginal to the low-Ti basaltic magma chamber. O","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-22DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105376
Keying Cao , Xiangbin Cui , Wen Zhou , Bo Sun , Martin Siegert
The rapid mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), with severe consequences such as sea-level rise, underlies the importance of understanding ice-sheet behavior into the future. Previous studies have identified subglacial volcanoes in Antarctica using various observational and geophysical methods, and have shown that subglacial volcanism can modify subglacial conditions and influence ice-sheet dynamics. However, the distribution, structure, and morphology of Antarctic subglacial volcanoes have not yet been systematically documented across the continent, despite this being a potentially valuable boundary condition for ice-sheet modelling, because volcanic morphology—including edifice relief, shape, and slope—can regulate basal meltwater production and routing, thereby shaping subglacial hydrology and modulating basal traction and ice-flow dynamics, with implications for AIS stability. This study presents a continent-wide reference inventory of Antarctic subglacial volcanic candidates, in which we compile and quantify their key morphological characteristics to explore how volcanic relief and edifice shape may influence basal melt, subglacial hydrology, and, in turn, the dynamics of the AIS and its global sea-level implications. The inventory includes 207 subglacial volcanic edifices that have been interpreted as volcanic in previous studies and for which we can constrain geographic locations. From this compilation, we analyze their distribution, morphological characteristics, and classification in order to provide key geometric and topographic constraints for future studies of their potential interactions with the AIS. This effort enables a novel understanding of Antarctic subglacial volcanism and also provides a needed reference for subglacial volcanoes to support further critical research concerning the evolution of Antarctica's great ice sheets.
{"title":"A reference inventory of Antarctic subglacial volcanoes: ANT-SGV-25","authors":"Keying Cao , Xiangbin Cui , Wen Zhou , Bo Sun , Martin Siegert","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid mass loss of the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS), with severe consequences such as sea-level rise, underlies the importance of understanding ice-sheet behavior into the future. Previous studies have identified subglacial volcanoes in Antarctica using various observational and geophysical methods, and have shown that subglacial volcanism can modify subglacial conditions and influence ice-sheet dynamics. However, the distribution, structure, and morphology of Antarctic subglacial volcanoes have not yet been systematically documented across the continent, despite this being a potentially valuable boundary condition for ice-sheet modelling, because volcanic morphology—including edifice relief, shape, and slope—can regulate basal meltwater production and routing, thereby shaping subglacial hydrology and modulating basal traction and ice-flow dynamics, with implications for AIS stability. This study presents a continent-wide reference inventory of Antarctic subglacial volcanic candidates, in which we compile and quantify their key morphological characteristics to explore how volcanic relief and edifice shape may influence basal melt, subglacial hydrology, and, in turn, the dynamics of the AIS and its global sea-level implications. The inventory includes 207 subglacial volcanic edifices that have been interpreted as volcanic in previous studies and for which we can constrain geographic locations. From this compilation, we analyze their distribution, morphological characteristics, and classification in order to provide key geometric and topographic constraints for future studies of their potential interactions with the AIS. This effort enables a novel understanding of Antarctic subglacial volcanism and also provides a needed reference for subglacial volcanoes to support further critical research concerning the evolution of Antarctica's great ice sheets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105376"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105375
C.W. Firth , C.O. McKee , R. Torrence , R.J. Blong , J. Specht , S.M. Eggins , S.F. Jenkins , N. Mosusu , H. Machida
Witori volcano, on the island of New Britain in the south-west Pacific, is a highly active silicic caldera system. Throughout the Holocene it has produced at least five Plinian eruptions (VEI ≥ 6), with eight smaller VEI 3–5 eruptions in the past ∼ 1000 years. Tephra from the larger Plinian eruptions has recently been identified on the New Guinea mainland, up to 700 km downwind of Witori, necessitating re-evaluation of eruption magnitudes and output rate of this volcano. Since 6.4 ka > 38.8 km3 DRE of magma has been erupted at Witori. Uncertainty in the size of numerous eruptions means this volume may be > 60 km3 DRE, more than twice that of similar systems like Taupō. Comparison of deposit characteristics with Santorini and Tambora suggests the largest eruptions from Witori (W-K1–6.4 ka; W-K2–3.4 ka) potentially reached magnitudes of VEI 7. These eruptions involved crystal-poor, high-silica (∼73–76 wt% SiO2) rhyolites. The SiO2 content of Witori magmas decrease with declining eruption magnitude and increased eruption frequency, indicating a direct relationship between eruption size and timescales of fractionation. Witori magmas are low-K tholeiites, produced by high-degrees of partial melting within the mantle. The high eruption rate observed at Witori results from rapid transit of magma through the crust, facilitated by widespread crustal fracturing/faulting in central New Britain associated with the rotation of the South Bismarck microplate. Archaeological records demonstrate individual eruptions caused significant impacts with abandonment periods of multiple generations; however, humans repeatedly returned following each eruption.
{"title":"The causes and impacts of highly productive silicic caldera systems: A case study of Witori Volcano, Papua New Guinea","authors":"C.W. Firth , C.O. McKee , R. Torrence , R.J. Blong , J. Specht , S.M. Eggins , S.F. Jenkins , N. Mosusu , H. Machida","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Witori volcano, on the island of New Britain in the south-west Pacific, is a highly active silicic caldera system. Throughout the Holocene it has produced at least five Plinian eruptions (VEI ≥ 6), with eight smaller VEI 3–5 eruptions in the past ∼ 1000 years. Tephra from the larger Plinian eruptions has recently been identified on the New Guinea mainland, up to 700 km downwind of Witori, necessitating re-evaluation of eruption magnitudes and output rate of this volcano. Since 6.4 ka > 38.8 km<sup>3</sup> DRE of magma has been erupted at Witori. Uncertainty in the size of numerous eruptions means this volume may be > 60 km<sup>3</sup> DRE, more than twice that of similar systems like Taupō. Comparison of deposit characteristics with Santorini and Tambora suggests the largest eruptions from Witori (W-K1–6.4 ka; W-K2–3.4 ka) potentially reached magnitudes of VEI 7. These eruptions involved crystal-poor, high-silica (∼73–76 wt% SiO<sub>2</sub>) rhyolites. The SiO<sub>2</sub> content of Witori magmas decrease with declining eruption magnitude and increased eruption frequency, indicating a direct relationship between eruption size and timescales of fractionation. Witori magmas are low-K tholeiites, produced by high-degrees of partial melting within the mantle. The high eruption rate observed at Witori results from rapid transit of magma through the crust, facilitated by widespread crustal fracturing/faulting in central New Britain associated with the rotation of the South Bismarck microplate. Archaeological records demonstrate individual eruptions caused significant impacts with abandonment periods of multiple generations; however, humans repeatedly returned following each eruption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105375"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145785340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-25DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105312
Chao Liang , Ao Chen , Yingchang Cao , Jing Wu , Yu Han , Keyu Liu , Guanghui Yuan , Fang Hao
Organic carbon (OC) burial is an essential mechanism for the regulation of the atmospheric carbon pool. Studying this process enhances our understanding of the interactions between spheres and global carbon cycle. Although considerable attention has been focused on marine OC burial in deep time, there remains a lack of understanding regarding OC burial in lakes. Currently, lakes harbor 10–50 % of burial OC despite their total area being only 1/80 of that of the oceans, indicating a high OC burial efficiency in lakes. The evolution of the lake ecology from dead lakes, starved lakes, and primary lakes to prosperous lakes triggered transitions in lacustrine OC burial on a geological time scale. This study evaluates the organic carbon burial account and burial efficiency of typical lacustrine shales in deep time, revealing the multi-factor composite control mechanisms—including tectonic activities, temperature, lake scale, hydro-ecological conditions, volcanic–hydrothermal activities, and marine transgressions—on the organic carbon burial process. Based on the theory of ternary dynamic equilibrium among “productivity, preservation, and dilution,” it systematically elaborates on the main controlling factors and synergistic effects governing efficient lacustrine organic carbon burial under tectonic–climatic–ecological coupling. The nutrients derived from volcanic and hydrothermal activities have significantly contributed to overcoming the adverse ecological or climatic conditions in specific lake evolution periods, particularly during the “ecologically primary lakes” stage before the Late Paleozoic; these nutrients are thus essential for the effective OC burial. Five primary mechanisms are proposed for large-scale lacustrine OC burial: volcanic–hydrothermal activities, climate–volcanic activities coupling, climate–basin scale coupling, climate–transgressions coupling, and tectonic–climate coupling. The study of the evolution of lacustrine OC burial on a geological time scale, the driving mechanisms of efficient burial, and their relationship with major geological events based on lake records can enhance our understanding of the deep-time carbon cycling and interactions of Earth's spheres. It also establishes a geological-historical framework for understanding the response mechanisms of lacustrine carbon reservoirs and their regulatory effects on global carbon sequestration under future climate warming scenarios.
{"title":"Lacustrine organic carbon burial in deep time: Perspectives from major geologic events and tectonic-climatic-ecological coupling","authors":"Chao Liang , Ao Chen , Yingchang Cao , Jing Wu , Yu Han , Keyu Liu , Guanghui Yuan , Fang Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic carbon (OC) burial is an essential mechanism for the regulation of the atmospheric carbon pool. Studying this process enhances our understanding of the interactions between spheres and global carbon cycle. Although considerable attention has been focused on marine OC burial in deep time, there remains a lack of understanding regarding OC burial in lakes. Currently, lakes harbor 10–50 % of burial OC despite their total area being only 1/80 of that of the oceans, indicating a high OC burial efficiency in lakes. The evolution of the lake ecology from dead lakes, starved lakes, and primary lakes to prosperous lakes triggered transitions in lacustrine OC burial on a geological time scale. This study evaluates the organic carbon burial account and burial efficiency of typical lacustrine shales in deep time, revealing the multi-factor composite control mechanisms—including tectonic activities, temperature, lake scale, hydro-ecological conditions, volcanic–hydrothermal activities, and marine transgressions—on the organic carbon burial process. Based on the theory of ternary dynamic equilibrium among “productivity, preservation, and dilution,” it systematically elaborates on the main controlling factors and synergistic effects governing efficient lacustrine organic carbon burial under tectonic–climatic–ecological coupling. The nutrients derived from volcanic and hydrothermal activities have significantly contributed to overcoming the adverse ecological or climatic conditions in specific lake evolution periods, particularly during the “ecologically primary lakes” stage before the Late Paleozoic; these nutrients are thus essential for the effective OC burial. Five primary mechanisms are proposed for large-scale lacustrine OC burial: volcanic–hydrothermal activities, climate–volcanic activities coupling, climate–basin scale coupling, climate–transgressions coupling, and tectonic–climate coupling. The study of the evolution of lacustrine OC burial on a geological time scale, the driving mechanisms of efficient burial, and their relationship with major geological events based on lake records can enhance our understanding of the deep-time carbon cycling and interactions of Earth's spheres. It also establishes a geological-historical framework for understanding the response mechanisms of lacustrine carbon reservoirs and their regulatory effects on global carbon sequestration under future climate warming scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105312"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105321
Peng Cheng , Dejiang Fan , Judong Mao , Xin Zhang , Xiaolin Ren , Xueshi Sun
<div><div>Radioactive Lead-210 (<sup>210</sup>Pb) provides the primary chronometer for deciphering centennial human impacts on coastal environments. Anthropogenic perturbations have fundamentally reshaped sediment transport and sequestration processes across the river-ocean continuum, yet the mechanistic response of radioactive <sup>210</sup>Pb in estuarine and marginal sea sediments remains inadequately constrained. Synthesizing literature and new results, we present a comprehensive analysis of 1310 <sup>210</sup>Pb samples from 30 sediment cores and 250 surface sediments from the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea, reconstructing the spatial-temporal evolution patterns of initial excess <sup>210</sup>Pb (<span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span>) activity from 1950s to 2020 through grain-size normalization and radioactive decay correction. Our findings reveal systematic stepwise declines in <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity over seven decades, exhibiting robust coherence with riverine sediment flux variations. Three distinct evolutionary stages emerge based on sediment supply characteristics and anthropogenic intervention intensity: Stage I (1950s-1968) characterized by minimal anthropogenic forcing with natural sediment transport dominance (511 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) and elevated <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity (468 ± 105 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>); Stage II (1968–2002) marked by incipient hydraulic engineering impacts yielding 22.5 % sediment flux reduction (to 396 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) and disproportionately larger 50 % <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> decline (to 234 ± 90 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>) primarily due to selective fine-particle retention; Stage III (2003−2020) distinguished by intensive dam regulation resulting in catastrophic 67.4 % sediment flux reduction (to 129 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) with relatively moderated 37 % <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> decline (to 148 ± 28 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>) reflecting source substitution and threshold effects. This progressive transformation reflects fundamental restructuring of the source-to-sink continuum, encompassing sediment source substitution, grain-size sorting modifications, and depositional equilibrium disruption. We demonstrate that <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity serves as a sensitive recorder of sediment process variations across the river-estuary-shelf continuum and provides a robust geochemical indicator for assessing transitions in estuarine accretion-erosion dynamics. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of <sup>210</sup>Pb geochemical cycling under anthropogenic forcing in coastal environments, offering critical insights for chronological model optimization in complex sedimentary systems and coastal
放射性铅-210 （210Pb）为破译百年来人类对沿海环境的影响提供了主要的计时器。人为扰动从根本上重塑了河海连续体中沉积物的运移和固存过程，但河口和边缘海沉积物中放射性210Pb的机制响应仍未得到充分约束。综合文献资料和最新研究成果，对长江口及邻近东海30个沉积物岩心和250个表层沉积物1310个210Pb样品进行了综合分析，通过粒度正一化和放射性衰变校正重建了1950 - 2020年初始过量210Pb （A0’）活度的时空演变格局。我们的研究结果揭示了70年来A0′活动的系统性逐步下降，与河流泥沙通量变化表现出强大的一致性。基于泥沙供应特征和人为干预强度，出现了3个不同的演化阶段：第一阶段（1950 -1968）以人为强迫最小为特征，以自然输沙为主（511 Mt. yr -1）， A0′活度升高（468±105 Bq kg -1）；第二阶段（1968-2002），初期水力工程影响导致泥沙通量减少22.5%（降至3.96 Mt. yr - 1），比例更大的50% A0′下降（降至234±90 Bq kg - 1），主要是由于选择性细颗粒滞留；第三阶段（2003 - 2020）的特点是大坝的强化调节导致灾难性的67.4%的泥沙通量减少（至129mt . yr - 1），相对缓和的37%的A0′下降（至148±28 Bq kg - 1），反映了源替代和阈值效应。这种渐进的转变反映了源-汇连续体的基本重构，包括沉积物源替代、粒度分选改变和沉积平衡破坏。研究表明，A0′活度是河流-河口-陆架连续体沉积过程变化的敏感记录器，并为评估河口吸积-侵蚀动力学的转变提供了强有力的地球化学指标。这些发现促进了人类强迫下沿海环境中210Pb地球化学循环机制的认识，为复杂沉积体系年代学模式优化和全球环境变化下海岸响应评价提供了重要见解。
{"title":"Reconstruction of initial excess 210Pb in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent shelf since 1950s","authors":"Peng Cheng , Dejiang Fan , Judong Mao , Xin Zhang , Xiaolin Ren , Xueshi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radioactive Lead-210 (<sup>210</sup>Pb) provides the primary chronometer for deciphering centennial human impacts on coastal environments. Anthropogenic perturbations have fundamentally reshaped sediment transport and sequestration processes across the river-ocean continuum, yet the mechanistic response of radioactive <sup>210</sup>Pb in estuarine and marginal sea sediments remains inadequately constrained. Synthesizing literature and new results, we present a comprehensive analysis of 1310 <sup>210</sup>Pb samples from 30 sediment cores and 250 surface sediments from the Yangtze River Estuary and adjacent East China Sea, reconstructing the spatial-temporal evolution patterns of initial excess <sup>210</sup>Pb (<span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span>) activity from 1950s to 2020 through grain-size normalization and radioactive decay correction. Our findings reveal systematic stepwise declines in <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity over seven decades, exhibiting robust coherence with riverine sediment flux variations. Three distinct evolutionary stages emerge based on sediment supply characteristics and anthropogenic intervention intensity: Stage I (1950s-1968) characterized by minimal anthropogenic forcing with natural sediment transport dominance (511 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) and elevated <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity (468 ± 105 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>); Stage II (1968–2002) marked by incipient hydraulic engineering impacts yielding 22.5 % sediment flux reduction (to 396 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) and disproportionately larger 50 % <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> decline (to 234 ± 90 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>) primarily due to selective fine-particle retention; Stage III (2003−2020) distinguished by intensive dam regulation resulting in catastrophic 67.4 % sediment flux reduction (to 129 Mt. yr<sup>−1</sup>) with relatively moderated 37 % <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> decline (to 148 ± 28 Bq kg<sup>−1</sup>) reflecting source substitution and threshold effects. This progressive transformation reflects fundamental restructuring of the source-to-sink continuum, encompassing sediment source substitution, grain-size sorting modifications, and depositional equilibrium disruption. We demonstrate that <span><math><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mn>0</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math></span> activity serves as a sensitive recorder of sediment process variations across the river-estuary-shelf continuum and provides a robust geochemical indicator for assessing transitions in estuarine accretion-erosion dynamics. These findings advance mechanistic understanding of <sup>210</sup>Pb geochemical cycling under anthropogenic forcing in coastal environments, offering critical insights for chronological model optimization in complex sedimentary systems and coastal","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105321"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353
Bronwyn L. Teece , Selene M.C. Cannelli , C. Felipe Garibello , Shawn E. McGlynn , Laura M. Barge
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Hydrothermal vents through space and time: experimentally simulating dynamic flow-through systems on Earth and other worlds’ [Earth Science Reviews 271 (2025) 105311]","authors":"Bronwyn L. Teece , Selene M.C. Cannelli , C. Felipe Garibello , Shawn E. McGlynn , Laura M. Barge","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-27DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105349
Xinchu Wang , Cong-Qiang Liu , Jiaxu Han , Jiarui Liu , Timothy Csernica , Naizhong Zhang , Hu Ding , Jonathan Gropp , Jennifer McIntosh , Si-Liang Li , Sheng Xu , Rob M. Ellam
Methane (CH4) is both a major energy resource and a key greenhouse gas in the Earth's carbon cycle. The clumped isotope geochemistry of methane (Δ13CH3D and Δ12CH2D2) offers a unique and effective tool for understanding methane sources and sinks. In this work, we comprehensively compiled a global methane clumped isotopes dataset (n = 1061). Combined with our own measured data (n = 26) and machine learning predictions, we discuss the efficacy of clumped isotope analyses of CH4 to infer methane origin mechanisms and to constrain post-generation processes. Insights gleaned through field observations, laboratory-controlled experiments and geochemical modelling allow an isotopologue-scale reconstruction of the biogeochemical methane cycle and its evolution through transformation (or gas migration) fractionation. The most up-to-date evidence suggests that equilibrated and disequilibrium clumped isotope compositions record reservoir geothermal events and subsequent microbial alteration, as well as kinetically-driven methane metabolism, in the low-temperature surface Earth environment. Modern estimates of the atmospheric methane budget, incorporating source and sink contributions through both forward and reverse constraints, are essential for leveraging clumped isotopes to gain a deeper understanding of Earth system dynamics. Future research that expands the observation of methane clumped isotope data on a broader scale and integrates these findings into methane cycle modelling could provide crucial insights into the potential impacts of anthropogenic influences on the global carbon cycle and climate change.
{"title":"Clumped isotopes tracing methane cycle and budget: a review","authors":"Xinchu Wang , Cong-Qiang Liu , Jiaxu Han , Jiarui Liu , Timothy Csernica , Naizhong Zhang , Hu Ding , Jonathan Gropp , Jennifer McIntosh , Si-Liang Li , Sheng Xu , Rob M. Ellam","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is both a major energy resource and a key greenhouse gas in the Earth's carbon cycle. The clumped isotope geochemistry of methane (Δ<sup>13</sup>CH<sub>3</sub>D and Δ<sup>12</sup>CH<sub>2</sub>D<sub>2</sub>) offers a unique and effective tool for understanding methane sources and sinks. In this work, we comprehensively compiled a global methane clumped isotopes dataset (<em>n</em> = 1061). Combined with our own measured data (<em>n</em> = 26) and machine learning predictions, we discuss the efficacy of clumped isotope analyses of CH<sub>4</sub> to infer methane origin mechanisms and to constrain post-generation processes. Insights gleaned through field observations, laboratory-controlled experiments and geochemical modelling allow an isotopologue-scale reconstruction of the biogeochemical methane cycle and its evolution through transformation (or gas migration) fractionation. The most up-to-date evidence suggests that equilibrated and disequilibrium clumped isotope compositions record reservoir geothermal events and subsequent microbial alteration, as well as kinetically-driven methane metabolism, in the low-temperature surface Earth environment. Modern estimates of the atmospheric methane budget, incorporating source and sink contributions through both forward and reverse constraints, are essential for leveraging clumped isotopes to gain a deeper understanding of Earth system dynamics. Future research that expands the observation of methane clumped isotope data on a broader scale and integrates these findings into methane cycle modelling could provide crucial insights into the potential impacts of anthropogenic influences on the global carbon cycle and climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105349"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105316
Francesca Rossetti , Maria Giuditta Fellin , Paolo Ballato , Claudio Faccenna , Silvia Crosetto , Bardhyl Muceku , Maria Laura Balestrieri , Cercis Durmischi , Chiara Bazzucchi , Colin Maden
Subduction orogens grow through frontal accretion and crustal underplating, with the modes of accretion controlled by the strength of the basal and wedge materials. However, in retreating subduction systems, where crustal thinning occurs, the mechanisms driving upper plate thickening remain poorly understood, and their surface expression is difficult to discern.
The Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides orogen in the Eastern Mediterranean provides a compelling case to investigate these processes and their impact on exhumation patterns. Evolved during the eastward subduction of Adria beneath Eurasia since the Late Cretaceous, the orogen shows along-strike variations in deformation style, controlled by the thickness of Triassic evaporitic décollement. In the north, the absence of a décollement resulted in basement-involved deformation, focusing Middle-Late Miocene to Pliocene exhumation at the orogenic front. In the south, thick evaporites facilitated basement-cover decoupling, limiting exhumation at the front while focusing Late Miocene–Pliocene exhumation in the interior through underplating. In the hinterland, extension-related exhumation progressively rejuvenated toward the foreland, from Middle Miocene to Pliocene, suggesting slab rollback as the primary geodynamic driver.
Our results demonstrate that from the Middle Miocene to Pliocene, crustal accretion through underplating occurred at the same time as hinterland extension triggered by slab rollback. This tectonic phase likely marks the most recent stage of a long-term accretionary cycle that thickened the crustal edifice in a system with retreating subduction boundaries. Our findings highlight the dual role of crustal accretion and thinning in building and shaping the orogen and suggest a broader context of plate reorganization in the Mediterranean during the Miocene.
{"title":"Growth of a subduction orogen: Deformation styles and exhumation patterns in the Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides","authors":"Francesca Rossetti , Maria Giuditta Fellin , Paolo Ballato , Claudio Faccenna , Silvia Crosetto , Bardhyl Muceku , Maria Laura Balestrieri , Cercis Durmischi , Chiara Bazzucchi , Colin Maden","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subduction orogens grow through frontal accretion and crustal underplating, with the modes of accretion controlled by the strength of the basal and wedge materials. However, in retreating subduction systems, where crustal thinning occurs, the mechanisms driving upper plate thickening remain poorly understood, and their surface expression is difficult to discern.</div><div>The Dinarides-Albanides-Hellenides orogen in the Eastern Mediterranean provides a compelling case to investigate these processes and their impact on exhumation patterns. Evolved during the eastward subduction of Adria beneath Eurasia since the Late Cretaceous, the orogen shows along-strike variations in deformation style, controlled by the thickness of Triassic evaporitic décollement. In the north, the absence of a décollement resulted in basement-involved deformation, focusing Middle-Late Miocene to Pliocene exhumation at the orogenic front. In the south, thick evaporites facilitated basement-cover decoupling, limiting exhumation at the front while focusing Late Miocene–Pliocene exhumation in the interior through underplating. In the hinterland, extension-related exhumation progressively rejuvenated toward the foreland, from Middle Miocene to Pliocene, suggesting slab rollback as the primary geodynamic driver.</div><div>Our results demonstrate that from the Middle Miocene to Pliocene, crustal accretion through underplating occurred at the same time as hinterland extension triggered by slab rollback. This tectonic phase likely marks the most recent stage of a long-term accretionary cycle that thickened the crustal edifice in a system with retreating subduction boundaries. Our findings highlight the dual role of crustal accretion and thinning in building and shaping the orogen and suggest a broader context of plate reorganization in the Mediterranean during the Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145404642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105289
Jidong Yang , Jianping Huang , Hejun Zhu , Jiaxing Sun , Li-yun Fu , George McMechan , Houzhu Zhang , Ru-Shan Wu
Seismic imaging is a powerful tool for mapping subsurface reflectivity and has been widely applied in exploration for hydrocarbon and mineral detection. Although seismic imaging methods have evolved over the past few decades from early ray-based migration, to one- and two-way wave-equation migration and now to advanced least-squares migration (LSM), quantitative resolution analysis and image resolution enhancement are always the core of seismic imaging. We review classic methods and recent progress in quantitative resolution analysis for depth migration along with strategies for resolution enhancement. In a homogeneous medium, analytic solutions for the first Fresnel zone can be derived to define the horizontal and vertical resolution limits. By incorporating source and receiver propagation directions, Beylkin's formula provided a crucial wavenumber-domain resolution analysis for heterogeneous media since the 1980s. Recently, significantly enhanced computational capabilities have made it possible to use one- or two-way wave propagators to compute the point-spread function for analyzing image resolution in complicated environment. One of the most advanced imaging techniques, LSM, seeks an optimal solution of subsurface reflectivity by solving a linear inverse problem, which can compensate for uneven illumination, and enhance image resolution. Numerical experiments for synthetic and field data show that the spatial resolution of traditional depth migration tends to decrease with depths and is lower in complicated environment compared to areas with simple sedimentary layers. In addition, strong seismic attenuation can further reduce image resolution because of phase dispersion and energy dissipation. Compared with traditional migration, LSM can improve the spatial resolution by 40–50 % for simple shallow reflectors and by 20–30 % for deep complicated structures.
{"title":"Quantitative resolution analysis in seismic imaging: From classical theory to cutting-edge advances","authors":"Jidong Yang , Jianping Huang , Hejun Zhu , Jiaxing Sun , Li-yun Fu , George McMechan , Houzhu Zhang , Ru-Shan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic imaging is a powerful tool for mapping subsurface reflectivity and has been widely applied in exploration for hydrocarbon and mineral detection. Although seismic imaging methods have evolved over the past few decades from early ray-based migration, to one- and two-way wave-equation migration and now to advanced least-squares migration (LSM), quantitative resolution analysis and image resolution enhancement are always the core of seismic imaging. We review classic methods and recent progress in quantitative resolution analysis for depth migration along with strategies for resolution enhancement. In a homogeneous medium, analytic solutions for the first Fresnel zone can be derived to define the horizontal and vertical resolution limits. By incorporating source and receiver propagation directions, Beylkin's formula provided a crucial wavenumber-domain resolution analysis for heterogeneous media since the 1980s. Recently, significantly enhanced computational capabilities have made it possible to use one- or two-way wave propagators to compute the point-spread function for analyzing image resolution in complicated environment. One of the most advanced imaging techniques, LSM, seeks an optimal solution of subsurface reflectivity by solving a linear inverse problem, which can compensate for uneven illumination, and enhance image resolution. Numerical experiments for synthetic and field data show that the spatial resolution of traditional depth migration tends to decrease with depths and is lower in complicated environment compared to areas with simple sedimentary layers. In addition, strong seismic attenuation can further reduce image resolution because of phase dispersion and energy dissipation. Compared with traditional migration, LSM can improve the spatial resolution by 40–50 % for simple shallow reflectors and by 20–30 % for deep complicated structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105289"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340
C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach” [Earth-Science Reviews, 266 (2025), 105135]","authors":"C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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