Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105370
Yong-Fei Zheng
The origin of Archean continental crust remains a critical yet unresolved question in the evolution of early Earth, closely tied to debates on the emergence of plate tectonics. This review focuses on the petrogenesis of Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites and the origin of low δ18O values (1.0–2.7 ‰) observed in Hadean to Archean zircons, which challenge conventional interpretations involving meteoric water interaction. By integrating zircon U-Pb ages and O isotope data with the thermodynamic principle of stable isotope geochemistry (equilibrium O isotope fractionations between basaltic rock and water converge to 0 ± 1 ‰ at high temperatures of >400 °C), it is demonstrated that these low δ18O signatures would originate from high-temperature seawater-hydrothermal alteration of the juvenile basaltic crust at mid-ocean ridges, rather than meteoric water involvement. Even if the low δ18O signature could exist in the felsic crust on early Earth, the formation of low δ18O rocks would necessitate a three-stage mechanism. The first is the O isotope exchange between seawater and thick (30–40 km) basaltic crust along mid-ocean ridges during plate divergence, the second is the collisional thickening of the juvenile crust to 60–80 km during plate convergence, and the third is the partial melting of the hydrated, ultrathick basaltic crust during lithospheric rifting to produce TTG magmas in the post-convergent stage. The lithospheric rifting is induced by upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle in response to foundering of the lithospheric mantle. This three-stage model for the petrogenesis of Archean TTG rocks keeps pace with an ancient Wilson cycle at high Archean mantle temperatures, emphasizing divergent-convergent plate coupling and lithospheric rifting in response to poloidal mantle convection. It argues against subduction-driven TTG magmatism but affirms the operation of ancient plate tectonics through the water-rock interaction during the seafloor spreading and then the crustal anatexis due to the asthenospheric upwelling consequential to the lithospheric foundering. Therefore, the low δ18O zircon growth is linked to the high-temperature seawater-hydrothermally altered sources at divergent plate margins, and the TTG generation is attributed to the post-collisional reworking at convergent plate margins. This results in a holistic model for the growth of Archean continental crust and the geodynamic regime of early Earth. As such, the petrogenesis of Archean TTG rocks witnesses the operation of ancient plate tectonics at that time.
{"title":"Petrogenetic interpretation of Archean low δ18O zircon: Implications for origin of continental crust on early Earth","authors":"Yong-Fei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The origin of Archean continental crust remains a critical yet unresolved question in the evolution of early Earth, closely tied to debates on the emergence of plate tectonics. This review focuses on the petrogenesis of Archean tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) suites and the origin of low δ<sup>18</sup>O values (1.0–2.7 ‰) observed in Hadean to Archean zircons, which challenge conventional interpretations involving meteoric water interaction. By integrating zircon U-Pb ages and O isotope data with the thermodynamic principle of stable isotope geochemistry (equilibrium O isotope fractionations between basaltic rock and water converge to 0 ± 1 ‰ at high temperatures of >400 °C), it is demonstrated that these low δ<sup>18</sup>O signatures would originate from high-temperature seawater-hydrothermal alteration of the juvenile basaltic crust at mid-ocean ridges, rather than meteoric water involvement. Even if the low δ<sup>18</sup>O signature could exist in the felsic crust on early Earth, the formation of low δ<sup>18</sup>O rocks would necessitate a three-stage mechanism. The first is the O isotope exchange between seawater and thick (30–40 km) basaltic crust along mid-ocean ridges during plate divergence, the second is the collisional thickening of the juvenile crust to 60–80 km during plate convergence, and the third is the partial melting of the hydrated, ultrathick basaltic crust during lithospheric rifting to produce TTG magmas in the post-convergent stage. The lithospheric rifting is induced by upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle in response to foundering of the lithospheric mantle. This three-stage model for the petrogenesis of Archean TTG rocks keeps pace with an ancient Wilson cycle at high Archean mantle temperatures, emphasizing divergent-convergent plate coupling and lithospheric rifting in response to poloidal mantle convection. It argues against subduction-driven TTG magmatism but affirms the operation of ancient plate tectonics through the water-rock interaction during the seafloor spreading and then the crustal anatexis due to the asthenospheric upwelling consequential to the lithospheric foundering. Therefore, the low δ<sup>18</sup>O zircon growth is linked to the high-temperature seawater-hydrothermally altered sources at divergent plate margins, and the TTG generation is attributed to the post-collisional reworking at convergent plate margins. This results in a holistic model for the growth of Archean continental crust and the geodynamic regime of early Earth. As such, the petrogenesis of Archean TTG rocks witnesses the operation of ancient plate tectonics at that time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105370"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105367
Peixin Zhang , Minfang Yang , Jing Lu , Zhongfeng Jiang , Kai Zhou , Li Wu , Xiaotao Xu , Huijuan Chen , Xuran Zhu , Yanghang Guo , Huajun Ye , Longyi Shao
<div><div>Since the terrestrialization of plants during the Silurian-Devonian periods, the Earth has undergone multiple phases of global coal accumulation, accompanied by significant changes in terrestrial plants. Among them, the most remarkable is the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ∼234 Ma–232 Ma), which brought an end to the longest global “coal gap” that had persisted since the terrestrial colonization of plants. The CPE is mainly associated with eruptions of the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province (LIP), and it is characterized by a sharp increase in global temperature and humidity, accompanied by significant changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the re-emergence of global coal accumulation. Many studies have focused on the link between the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems in different regions of the world and the CPE. However, a systematic analysis and study of the internal coupling between global coal accumulation during the CPE and simultaneous global or regional environmental-climatic change events is still lacking. In this study, we systematically review and summarize existing evidence of terrestrial environmental-climatic and plant changes associated with the re-emergence of global coal accumulation during the CPE, discuss its patterns and driving processes, and analyze its driving mechanisms. Evidence from multiple nearly synchronous carbon isotope negative excursions, Hg enrichment anomalies (Hg/TOC ratio peaks), and Hg isotopes directly shows that the Wrangellia LIP drove significant changes in terrestrial environments, climate, and vegetation during the CPE. The eruption of the Wrangellia LIP released massive amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>, triggering global warming. Consequently, atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycles were enhanced, which led to increased global rainfall and a shift in climatic conditions from warm-dry to warm-humid – conditions that favored plant growth and preservation. These changes were concurrently accompanied by the extensive development of terrestrial deltas and swamps, rising lake levels, intensified chemical weathering, and the proliferation of hygrophytic plants and freshwater algae. In response to these processes, the burial of terrestrial organic carbon significantly increased, facilitating the reappearance of global coal accumulation. The increase in organic carbon burial and the resumption of global coal accumulation exerted negative feedback on global atmospheric conditions, which could partially offset the greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions from the Wrangellia LIP. As a result, the environment and climate stabilized, ultimately leading to the termination of the CPE. These results indicate that LIPs can occur in multiple pulse forms and have a powerful capacity to alter the carbon cycle, trigger environmental and climatic changes, and drive macro-biological evolution. In contrast, global coal accumulation plays a crucial role in providing climatic stabil
自志留纪—泥盆纪植物陆栖化以来，地球经历了全球多期聚煤，陆生植物也发生了显著变化。其中，最引人注目的是晚三叠世卡尼期雨积期（CPE; ~ 234 Ma - 232 Ma），它结束了自植物陆地殖民以来持续时间最长的全球“煤隙”。CPE主要与Wrangellia大火成岩省（LIP）的喷发有关，其特征是全球温度和湿度的急剧增加，伴随着海洋和陆地生态系统的显著变化，以及全球煤聚集的重新出现。许多研究集中在世界不同地区陆地生态系统的演变与CPE之间的联系上。然而，对于CPE期间全球煤炭聚集与同期全球或区域环境气候变化事件之间的内在耦合关系，尚缺乏系统的分析和研究。在此基础上，系统回顾和总结了与CPE期间全球煤聚集重新出现相关的陆地环境-气候和植物变化的现有证据，探讨了其模式和驱动过程，并分析了其驱动机制。来自多个几乎同步的碳同位素负漂移、汞富集异常（Hg/TOC比值峰值）和汞同位素的证据直接表明，Wrangellia LIP在CPE期间驱动了陆地环境、气候和植被的显著变化。弗兰格利亚LIP的喷发释放了大量的二氧化碳，引发了全球变暖。因此，大气环流和水文循环得到加强，导致全球降雨量增加，气候条件从温暖干燥转向温暖潮湿，这有利于植物的生长和保存。这些变化同时伴随着陆地三角洲和沼泽的广泛发展、湖泊水位上升、化学风化加剧以及湿生植物和淡水藻类的繁殖。与此相应，陆相有机碳埋藏显著增加，促进了全球煤聚集的重现。有机碳埋藏的增加和全球煤积累的恢复对全球大气条件产生了负反馈，可以部分抵消弗兰格里亚高原温室气体排放造成的温室效应。结果，环境和气候趋于稳定，最终导致CPE的终止。这些结果表明，lip可以以多种脉冲形式发生，并且具有改变碳循环，引发环境和气候变化以及驱动宏观生物进化的强大能力。相比之下，全球煤炭积累在提供气候稳定方面起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Coupling relationship between the Carnian Pluvial Episode and the global coal accumulation recommencement","authors":"Peixin Zhang , Minfang Yang , Jing Lu , Zhongfeng Jiang , Kai Zhou , Li Wu , Xiaotao Xu , Huijuan Chen , Xuran Zhu , Yanghang Guo , Huajun Ye , Longyi Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the terrestrialization of plants during the Silurian-Devonian periods, the Earth has undergone multiple phases of global coal accumulation, accompanied by significant changes in terrestrial plants. Among them, the most remarkable is the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; ∼234 Ma–232 Ma), which brought an end to the longest global “coal gap” that had persisted since the terrestrial colonization of plants. The CPE is mainly associated with eruptions of the Wrangellia Large Igneous Province (LIP), and it is characterized by a sharp increase in global temperature and humidity, accompanied by significant changes in marine and terrestrial ecosystems and the re-emergence of global coal accumulation. Many studies have focused on the link between the evolution of terrestrial ecosystems in different regions of the world and the CPE. However, a systematic analysis and study of the internal coupling between global coal accumulation during the CPE and simultaneous global or regional environmental-climatic change events is still lacking. In this study, we systematically review and summarize existing evidence of terrestrial environmental-climatic and plant changes associated with the re-emergence of global coal accumulation during the CPE, discuss its patterns and driving processes, and analyze its driving mechanisms. Evidence from multiple nearly synchronous carbon isotope negative excursions, Hg enrichment anomalies (Hg/TOC ratio peaks), and Hg isotopes directly shows that the Wrangellia LIP drove significant changes in terrestrial environments, climate, and vegetation during the CPE. The eruption of the Wrangellia LIP released massive amounts of CO<sub>2</sub>, triggering global warming. Consequently, atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycles were enhanced, which led to increased global rainfall and a shift in climatic conditions from warm-dry to warm-humid – conditions that favored plant growth and preservation. These changes were concurrently accompanied by the extensive development of terrestrial deltas and swamps, rising lake levels, intensified chemical weathering, and the proliferation of hygrophytic plants and freshwater algae. In response to these processes, the burial of terrestrial organic carbon significantly increased, facilitating the reappearance of global coal accumulation. The increase in organic carbon burial and the resumption of global coal accumulation exerted negative feedback on global atmospheric conditions, which could partially offset the greenhouse effect caused by greenhouse gas emissions from the Wrangellia LIP. As a result, the environment and climate stabilized, ultimately leading to the termination of the CPE. These results indicate that LIPs can occur in multiple pulse forms and have a powerful capacity to alter the carbon cycle, trigger environmental and climatic changes, and drive macro-biological evolution. In contrast, global coal accumulation plays a crucial role in providing climatic stabil","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105367"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145732105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105364
M.R. Nandu , Y. Anilkumar , M. Santosh , Cheng-Xue Yang , Sung Won Kim , A.P. Pradeepkumar , M.P. Manu Prasanth , A.S. Amrutha
Alkaline magmatism through space and time over the globe has contributed significantly to crustal growth and the formation of important rare metal and rare earth reserves. The Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) in India is an important archive of Proterozoic alkaline complexes that are largely unmetamorphosed and undeformed, occurring as linear chains aligned along crustal-scale paleo-suture zones or major transcrustal faults. These alkaline magmatic suites include syenites, carbonatites, nepheline syenites, alkali granites and lamprophyres occur as ring complexes, individual plutons, intrusive lenses, dykes, and plugs. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of seventeen alkaline magmatic suites, highlighting their petrogenetic significance and geodynamic implications. The Proterozoic alkaline magmatism in the Southern Granulite Terrane is marked by three distinct phases: an early Paleoproterozoic episode (∼2498–2340 Ma), a mid-Neoproterozoic episode (∼830–720 Ma), and a late Neoproterozoic (∼620–572 Ma). These alkaline magmatic suites exhibit variable morphologies, with some of the Cryogenian alkaline–carbonatite complexes occurring as ring or crescent-shaped structures. Carbonatites, unlike associated alkaline silicate and ultramafic rocks, display markedly steeper rare earth element (REE) patterns and pronounced LREE/HREE fractionation, consistent with derivation from low-degree partial melting of a mantle source. The majority of δ18O and δ13C values for the Southern Granulite Terrane carbonatites fall within the field of primary mantle-derived carbonatites. Radiogenic SrNd isotopic signatures show a temporal trend toward more enriched compositions from the Paleoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic, reflecting progressive geochemical evolution of the source mantle through time. The Sr–Nd–Pb–C–O isotopic compositions of these alkaline rocks and carbonatite indicate the involvement of compositionally heterogeneous mantle domains beneath the Southern Granulite Terrane. Field relationships, along with mineralogical and isotopic data, suggest that syenites, carbonatites, and pyroxenites were emplaced as discrete magmatic intrusions derived from compositionally distinct sources, rather than representing derivatives of a single parental melt. The alkaline rocks and carbonatites exhibit post-collisional geochemical signatures and isotopic evidence for source heterogeneity, consistent with an extensional tectonic regime. Prolonged extension likely facilitated lithospheric thinning, promoting asthenospheric upwelling and decompression melting of a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. These magmas subsequently interacted with subduction-modified lithospheric components of varying ages, producing compositionally diverse melts that were emplaced as shallow-level intrusions along major crustal-scale suture zones.
{"title":"Alkaline magmatism in the Southern Granulite Terrane, India: Insights into Precambrian tectonics and mantle evolution","authors":"M.R. Nandu , Y. Anilkumar , M. Santosh , Cheng-Xue Yang , Sung Won Kim , A.P. Pradeepkumar , M.P. Manu Prasanth , A.S. Amrutha","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaline magmatism through space and time over the globe has contributed significantly to crustal growth and the formation of important rare metal and rare earth reserves. The Southern Granulite Terrane (SGT) in India is an important archive of Proterozoic alkaline complexes that are largely unmetamorphosed and undeformed, occurring as linear chains aligned along crustal-scale paleo-suture zones or major transcrustal faults. These alkaline magmatic suites include syenites, carbonatites, nepheline syenites, alkali granites and lamprophyres occur as ring complexes, individual plutons, intrusive lenses, dykes, and plugs. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the occurrence, petrology, geochemistry, and geochronology of seventeen alkaline magmatic suites, highlighting their petrogenetic significance and geodynamic implications. The Proterozoic alkaline magmatism in the Southern Granulite Terrane is marked by three distinct phases: an early Paleoproterozoic episode (∼2498–2340 Ma), a mid-Neoproterozoic episode (∼830–720 Ma), and a late Neoproterozoic (∼620–572 Ma). These alkaline magmatic suites exhibit variable morphologies, with some of the Cryogenian alkaline–carbonatite complexes occurring as ring or crescent-shaped structures. Carbonatites, unlike associated alkaline silicate and ultramafic rocks, display markedly steeper rare earth element (REE) patterns and pronounced LREE/HREE fractionation, consistent with derivation from low-degree partial melting of a mantle source. The majority of δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C values for the Southern Granulite Terrane carbonatites fall within the field of primary mantle-derived carbonatites. Radiogenic Sr<img>Nd isotopic signatures show a temporal trend toward more enriched compositions from the Paleoproterozoic to the Neoproterozoic, reflecting progressive geochemical evolution of the source mantle through time. The Sr–Nd–Pb–C–O isotopic compositions of these alkaline rocks and carbonatite indicate the involvement of compositionally heterogeneous mantle domains beneath the Southern Granulite Terrane. Field relationships, along with mineralogical and isotopic data, suggest that syenites, carbonatites, and pyroxenites were emplaced as discrete magmatic intrusions derived from compositionally distinct sources, rather than representing derivatives of a single parental melt. The alkaline rocks and carbonatites exhibit post-collisional geochemical signatures and isotopic evidence for source heterogeneity, consistent with an extensional tectonic regime. Prolonged extension likely facilitated lithospheric thinning, promoting asthenospheric upwelling and decompression melting of a metasomatized lithospheric mantle. These magmas subsequently interacted with subduction-modified lithospheric components of varying ages, producing compositionally diverse melts that were emplaced as shallow-level intrusions along major crustal-scale suture zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105364"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105354
Bo Zhao
The paper “A dataset and review of empirical estimation relationships for landslide runout distances” by Gong et al. (2025), published in Earth-Science Reviews (doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105225), presents a noteworthy contribution to the field. It not only summarizes recent advances in estimating landslide runout distances but also introduces new empirical relationships based on a recently compiled dataset. Landslide runout distance is strongly influenced by spatial confinement conditions (landslide topography) during movement and accumulation. However, as the authors themselves note, the current empirical relationships does not account for landslide topography at all. Moreover, the existing dataset has certain limitations that many landslide types are not taken into consideration. In this comment, I aim to offer some constructive input regarding landslide topography and compiled landslide dataset, which may help address some of these gaps.
{"title":"A dataset and review of empirical estimation relationships for landslide runout distances: Comment","authors":"Bo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper “A dataset and review of empirical estimation relationships for landslide runout distances” by <span><span>Gong et al. (2025)</span></span>, published in Earth-Science Reviews (doi: <span><span>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105225</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), presents a noteworthy contribution to the field. It not only summarizes recent advances in estimating landslide runout distances but also introduces new empirical relationships based on a recently compiled dataset. Landslide runout distance is strongly influenced by spatial confinement conditions (landslide topography) during movement and accumulation. However, as the authors themselves note, the current empirical relationships does not account for landslide topography at all. Moreover, the existing dataset has certain limitations that many landslide types are not taken into consideration. In this comment, I aim to offer some constructive input regarding landslide topography and compiled landslide dataset, which may help address some of these gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105354"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353
Bronwyn L. Teece , Selene M.C. Cannelli , C. Felipe Garibello , Shawn E. McGlynn , Laura M. Barge
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Hydrothermal vents through space and time: experimentally simulating dynamic flow-through systems on Earth and other worlds’ [Earth Science Reviews 271 (2025) 105311]","authors":"Bronwyn L. Teece , Selene M.C. Cannelli , C. Felipe Garibello , Shawn E. McGlynn , Laura M. Barge","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105353","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340
C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach” [Earth-Science Reviews, 266 (2025), 105135]","authors":"C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105340","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 105340"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145658156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-03DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105357
Pavel G. Talalay , Nan Zhang , Xiaopeng Fan , Yazhou Li , Da Gong , Bing Li
Glaciers including ice sheets, ice caps, and mountain glaciers cover more than 10 % of the Earth's land area. Borehole drilling in glaciers serves a wide range of scientific purposes, such as the evolution of the Earth's climate and environment, formation and movement of snow and ice, impact of glacial phenomena on landscapes, subglacial environment, and so on. Geophysical logging is a crucial component of most ice-drilling projects, providing valuable in-situ data on the physical and structural properties of the natural snow and ice surrounding the borehole. These properties include temperature, density, creep parameters, optical characteristics, visual stratigraphy, and subglacial electrical resistivity. However, conventional geophysical logging techniques are often not suitable for ice due to its distinct physical properties. Over the past six decades, specialized downhole tools—such as light-emitting loggers and optical televiewers—have been developed to image borehole walls and resolve stratigraphy at resolutions comparable to those of ice core analysis. These advanced methods bridge ice-core data with regional glaciological parameters, such as ice flow dynamics and geothermal heat flux. This paper provides an overview of current and emerging borehole logging techniques and their applications in glacier research, while a subsequent paper discusses long-term in-situ borehole observatories.
{"title":"Borehole geophysical studies in glaciers. Part I: Borehole logging","authors":"Pavel G. Talalay , Nan Zhang , Xiaopeng Fan , Yazhou Li , Da Gong , Bing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glaciers including ice sheets, ice caps, and mountain glaciers cover more than 10 % of the Earth's land area. Borehole drilling in glaciers serves a wide range of scientific purposes, such as the evolution of the Earth's climate and environment, formation and movement of snow and ice, impact of glacial phenomena on landscapes, subglacial environment, and so on. Geophysical logging is a crucial component of most ice-drilling projects, providing valuable in-situ data on the physical and structural properties of the natural snow and ice surrounding the borehole. These properties include temperature, density, creep parameters, optical characteristics, visual stratigraphy, and subglacial electrical resistivity. However, conventional geophysical logging techniques are often not suitable for ice due to its distinct physical properties. Over the past six decades, specialized downhole tools—such as light-emitting loggers and optical televiewers—have been developed to image borehole walls and resolve stratigraphy at resolutions comparable to those of ice core analysis. These advanced methods bridge ice-core data with regional glaciological parameters, such as ice flow dynamics and geothermal heat flux. This paper provides an overview of current and emerging borehole logging techniques and their applications in glacier research, while a subsequent paper discusses long-term in-situ borehole observatories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105357"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105356
Taigang Zhang , Weicai Wang , Adam Emmer , Gang Jin , Keshao Liu , Baosheng An , Tandong Yao
Rapidly expanding glacial lakes are transforming cryospheric, hydrologic, ecologic, and societal dynamics worldwide. They affect water resources, hydropower, sediment transport, and carbon cycles while also being influenced by the increased instability and interactions with their surroundings due to global warming. Here, we present a state-of-the-art synthesis on glacial lakes, focusing on their ecohydrological and geomorphological importance. First, warming-driven deglaciation is inducing extensive glacial lake expansion, enhancing freshwater storage capacity and hydropower potential. Sediment-rich meltwater promotes underwater weathering, positioning glacial lakes as important yet underrecognized carbon sinks, with a preliminary global carbon consumption flux estimated at over 0.26 Tg C-CO2 yr−1. Second, glacial lakes profoundly reshape high mountain landscapes by acting as sediment sinks, drivers of catastrophic sediment transport events, and modulators of cascading hazards. They trap sediment fluxes from glacier-fed systems, creating long-term geological archives and influencing downstream geomorphology. Extreme lake outbursts can mobilize vast quantities of sediment, dramatically altering river networks, floodplains, and valley morphology. Moreover, interactions between expanding proglacial lakes, retreating and calving glaciers, and unstable ice-rich moraine dams heighten geomorphic instability under ongoing warming, increasing the susceptibility of lake outbursts. Overall, glacial lakes can significantly affect geomorphic evolution, biogeochemical cycles, and socioeconomic activities in the surrounding areas up to tens of kilometers downstream. Future research requires systematic field planning and monitoring to reveal these critical interactions and improve local risk management.
迅速扩大的冰川湖泊正在改变世界范围内的冰冻圈、水文、生态和社会动态。它们影响着水资源、水电、泥沙运输和碳循环，同时也受到全球变暖导致的不稳定性增加和与周围环境相互作用的影响。在这里，我们提出了一个最先进的冰川湖综合，重点是他们的生态水文和地貌学的重要性。首先，全球变暖导致的冰川消融导致冰湖大面积扩张，增强了淡水储存量和水电潜力。富含沉积物的融水促进了水下风化，将冰川湖定位为重要的但尚未得到充分认识的碳汇，初步估计全球碳消耗通量超过0.26 Tg C-CO2 yr - 1。其次，冰川湖作为沉积物汇、灾难性沉积物运输事件的驱动因素和级联灾害的调节器，深刻地重塑了高山景观。它们捕获了冰川补给系统的沉积物通量，形成了长期的地质档案，并影响了下游的地貌。极端的湖泊爆发可以调动大量的沉积物，极大地改变河网、洪泛平原和山谷的形态。此外，扩大的前冰期湖泊、退缩和崩解的冰川以及不稳定的富冰碛垄之间的相互作用加剧了持续变暖下地貌的不稳定性，增加了湖泊溃决的易感性。总体而言，冰湖可以显著影响下游数十公里范围内周边地区的地貌演化、生物地球化学循环和社会经济活动。未来的研究需要系统的实地规划和监测，以揭示这些关键的相互作用并改善当地的风险管理。
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Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105337
Bastien Huet , Eric Lasseur , Nicolas Bellahsen , Justine Briais , Nicolas Loget , Jean-Pierre Suc , Jean-Loup Rubino , Matthias Bernet , Speranta-Maria Popescu
In the Western Alpine Foreland Basin (WAFB), Late Eocene and Miocene periods were characterized by longitudinal sediment routing systems: The first one was situated within the turbidite basin during the underfilled phase and exhibited a northward orientation toward the Swiss Basin, whereas the second was located in the Rhône Valley during the overfilled phase and was directed southward toward the Mediterranean Sea. The transition between these two periods occurred during the Oligocene, which corresponds to both the underfilled/overfilled transition and the early overfilled period. In this study, we provide new fieldwork observations, seismic and well data interpretations, biostratigraphic analyses and a literature synthesis to reconstruct the palaeogeographic and source-to-sink evolution of the WAFB from Priabonian to Aquitanian. The aim is to discuss this reorganisation of sediment routing in relation to the evolution of the Alpine orogenic wedge, as well as the structural inheritance and the suite of geodynamic events that affected southeastern France during the mid-Cenozoic. We divided the WAFB sedimentary formations into four depositional sequences (S1 to S4). During the deposition of the first two sequences (Priabonian to early late Rupelian; ∼37.4–28.8 Ma), the WAFB routing system was influenced by the end of the Pyrenean-Provençal orogeny, the European Cenozoic Rifting System (controlling the Rhône Valley s.l.) and the Alpine orogenic wedge (controlling the Alpine foredeep). The very first connection between the Alpine domain and the Rhône Valley is established at ∼30 Ma, during the late Rupelian (S2 highstand), controlled by E-W inherited Pyrenean-Provençal structures implying a ‘broken foreland’. In the meanwhile, from the Dévoluy Basin and northward, the orogenic wedge controlled a classical, although thin, foreland basin characterized by a northward sediment routing connected to the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. Most of the S3 sequence (Latest Rupelian to middle Chattian; ∼28.8–23.25 Ma) corresponds to a decrease of clastic Alpine inputs throughout SE France caused by a reorganisation of the drainage network related with the exhumation of the southern External Crystalline Massifs. S3 highstand and S4 sequence (late Chattian to Aquitanian; from ∼23.25 Ma) correspond to the establishment of a longitudinal sediment routing system in the Rhône Valley, with material flowing southwards toward the Gulf of Lion, and supplied by the Palaeo-Isère to the north and potentially by the Palaeo-Durance to the south. This final stage in the reorganisation of the drainage network is clearly associated with the post-rift phase of the Gulf of Lion, which facilitated the opening of a new sink and the ultimate southward migration of the sedimentary area.
{"title":"Sediment routing and palaeogeographic evolution of the Western Alpine Foreland Basin during the early collisional stage","authors":"Bastien Huet , Eric Lasseur , Nicolas Bellahsen , Justine Briais , Nicolas Loget , Jean-Pierre Suc , Jean-Loup Rubino , Matthias Bernet , Speranta-Maria Popescu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the Western Alpine Foreland Basin (WAFB), Late Eocene and Miocene periods were characterized by longitudinal sediment routing systems: The first one was situated within the turbidite basin during the underfilled phase and exhibited a northward orientation toward the Swiss Basin, whereas the second was located in the Rhône Valley during the overfilled phase and was directed southward toward the Mediterranean Sea. The transition between these two periods occurred during the Oligocene, which corresponds to both the underfilled/overfilled transition and the early overfilled period. In this study, we provide new fieldwork observations, seismic and well data interpretations, biostratigraphic analyses and a literature synthesis to reconstruct the palaeogeographic and source-to-sink evolution of the WAFB from Priabonian to Aquitanian. The aim is to discuss this reorganisation of sediment routing in relation to the evolution of the Alpine orogenic wedge, as well as the structural inheritance and the suite of geodynamic events that affected southeastern France during the mid-Cenozoic. We divided the WAFB sedimentary formations into four depositional sequences (S1 to S4). During the deposition of the first two sequences (Priabonian to early late Rupelian; ∼37.4–28.8 Ma), the WAFB routing system was influenced by the end of the Pyrenean-Provençal orogeny, the European Cenozoic Rifting System (controlling the Rhône Valley s.l.) and the Alpine orogenic wedge (controlling the Alpine foredeep). The very first connection between the Alpine domain and the Rhône Valley is established at ∼30 Ma, during the late Rupelian (S2 highstand), controlled by <em>E</em>-W inherited Pyrenean-Provençal structures implying a ‘broken foreland’. In the meanwhile, from the Dévoluy Basin and northward, the orogenic wedge controlled a classical, although thin, foreland basin characterized by a northward sediment routing connected to the Northern Alpine Foreland Basin. Most of the S3 sequence (Latest Rupelian to middle Chattian; ∼28.8–23.25 Ma) corresponds to a decrease of clastic Alpine inputs throughout SE France caused by a reorganisation of the drainage network related with the exhumation of the southern External Crystalline Massifs. S3 highstand and S4 sequence (late Chattian to Aquitanian; from ∼23.25 Ma) correspond to the establishment of a longitudinal sediment routing system in the Rhône Valley, with material flowing southwards toward the Gulf of Lion, and supplied by the Palaeo-Isère to the north and potentially by the Palaeo-Durance to the south. This final stage in the reorganisation of the drainage network is clearly associated with the post-rift phase of the Gulf of Lion, which facilitated the opening of a new sink and the ultimate southward migration of the sedimentary area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 105337"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105351
Juan Pedro Rodríguez-López , Pedro Ángel Fernández-Mendiola , Ginés A. de Gea , José A. Arz , Ignacio Arenillas , Vicente Gilabert , Luis Arlegui , Ana R. Soria , Vincent Fernández , William Amidon , Andrew Kylander-Clark , Jaime Frigola , Marc Cerdà-Domènech , Joshua Garber , Jerónimo López-Martínez , Julian B. Murton , Carlos L. Liesa
The traditional "Hothouse–Icehouse" dichotomy and the prevailing "Cretaceous greenhouse" narrative fail to accurately represent the geological record. Geological evidence reveals an unknown Late Cretaceous glaciation (82.8–80.96 Ma, the Campanian Barrika glaciation), with tidewater glaciers grounded at an unusually low palaeolatitude (35°N), at a time when Mesozoic temperatures have been modelled near their highest. The Barrika glaciation constitutes the last known low-latitude glaciation on Earth since the Last Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which reached 30°N. The Barrika glaciation is characterized by a remarkably well-preserved glaciomarine record of subtropical tidewater glaciers associated with outlets of an extensive ice cap in Iberia. Our multiproxy analysis reveals five distinct glaciomarine units, indicative of glacial advances and retreats with a 360-kyr spacing. Calving fronts of tidewater glaciers delivered large icebergs to the palaeo-Atlantic Ocean. This glaciation correlates with a peak of ultra-depleted δD ice-sheet-related meltwater signals from Antarctica and other independent indicators of global change. This discovery of a low-latitude glaciation during a purported 'hothouse' period fundamentally challenges simplified Cretaceous climate models. It underscores the critical need for refined paleoclimate proxies and integrated Earth system modelling to fully comprehend such transient yet significant glacial episodes. The robust multiproxy workflow developed for the Barrika glaciation offers a powerful tool for identifying other unknown glaciations in deep-time greenhouse stages. Despite its generally warm reputation, the 77.06-million-year-long Cretaceous Period surprisingly records the lowest latitudinal glaciation since the Paleozoic. Remarkably, 55% of this time shows evidence of meltwaters linked to Antarctic ice sheets, with ice-rafted debris and glacial deposits present for 53% of the period. Glendonites, indicators of cold conditions, are found in 24% of Cretaceous time, and glacio-eustasy played a significant role in short-term sea-level changes for a striking 86% of the period. Collectively, this evidence of an active Cretaceous cryosphere is strengthened by evidence of permafrost in plateaus and high-altitude deserts, coupled by robust geochemical palaeoclimate proxies. Our findings suggest that the conventional 'hothouse–icehouse' scheme applied on deep-time climate requires reconsideration, pointing instead to a much more complex Earth climate evolution that will require a thorough re-evaluation of geochemical proxies used during the Mesozoic.
{"title":"Low-latitude glaciation in the Cretaceous greenhouse: reviewing the cryosphere reach during an archetypal hothouse Earth","authors":"Juan Pedro Rodríguez-López , Pedro Ángel Fernández-Mendiola , Ginés A. de Gea , José A. Arz , Ignacio Arenillas , Vicente Gilabert , Luis Arlegui , Ana R. Soria , Vincent Fernández , William Amidon , Andrew Kylander-Clark , Jaime Frigola , Marc Cerdà-Domènech , Joshua Garber , Jerónimo López-Martínez , Julian B. Murton , Carlos L. Liesa","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traditional \"Hothouse–Icehouse\" dichotomy and the prevailing \"Cretaceous greenhouse\" narrative fail to accurately represent the geological record. Geological evidence reveals an unknown Late Cretaceous glaciation (82.8–80.96 Ma, the Campanian Barrika glaciation), with tidewater glaciers grounded at an unusually low palaeolatitude (35°N), at a time when Mesozoic temperatures have been modelled near their highest. The Barrika glaciation constitutes the last known low-latitude glaciation on Earth since the Last Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA), which reached 30°N. The Barrika glaciation is characterized by a remarkably well-preserved glaciomarine record of subtropical tidewater glaciers associated with outlets of an extensive ice cap in Iberia. Our multiproxy analysis reveals five distinct glaciomarine units, indicative of glacial advances and retreats with a 360-kyr spacing. Calving fronts of tidewater glaciers delivered large icebergs to the palaeo-Atlantic Ocean. This glaciation correlates with a peak of ultra-depleted δD ice-sheet-related meltwater signals from Antarctica and other independent indicators of global change. This discovery of a low-latitude glaciation during a purported 'hothouse' period fundamentally challenges simplified Cretaceous climate models. It underscores the critical need for refined paleoclimate proxies and integrated Earth system modelling to fully comprehend such transient yet significant glacial episodes. The robust multiproxy workflow developed for the Barrika glaciation offers a powerful tool for identifying other unknown glaciations in deep-time greenhouse stages. Despite its generally warm reputation, the 77.06-million-year-long Cretaceous Period surprisingly records the lowest latitudinal glaciation since the Paleozoic. Remarkably, 55% of this time shows evidence of meltwaters linked to Antarctic ice sheets, with ice-rafted debris and glacial deposits present for 53% of the period. Glendonites, indicators of cold conditions, are found in 24% of Cretaceous time, and glacio-eustasy played a significant role in short-term sea-level changes for a striking 86% of the period. Collectively, this evidence of an active Cretaceous cryosphere is strengthened by evidence of permafrost in plateaus and high-altitude deserts, coupled by robust geochemical palaeoclimate proxies. Our findings suggest that the conventional 'hothouse–icehouse' scheme applied on deep-time climate requires reconsideration, pointing instead to a much more complex Earth climate evolution that will require a thorough re-evaluation of geochemical proxies used during the Mesozoic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 105351"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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