Ecological Engineering最新文献_第2页

Rural domestic sewage treatment and CO2 FLUX from the perspective of landscape design 景观设计视角下的农村生活污水处理与CO2通量

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107906

Haojun Sun, Zihui Liu, Chenxi He, Zhilei Zhen, Fengzhen Hao

The effectiveness of rural domestic sewage treatment significantly impacts the living environment and quality of life of residents. A rural domestic sewage treatment facility in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, China, was utilized to investigate the operational effect and CO₂ flux of a sewage treatment process. This process involved anaerobic pretreatment, followed by the application of two sets of constructed wetlands (CWs) for advanced treatment. One group of CWs incorporated local folk-story elements, and the landscape of ‘Carps Leaping over the Dragon Gate’ was created through plants collocation (CW1). The other group adopted a regular row design (CW2). The results indicated that the removal rates for chemical oxygen demand (COD) (72.41–92.91%), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) (94.80–99.33%), and total phosphorus (TP) (27.56–67.62%) in CW1 were comparable to those in CW2. However, the removal rate of total nitrogen (TN) (51.64–85.59%) was higher than that in CW2. Meanwhile, the substrate CO₂ flux in CW1 (145.68–1637.11 mg/m²/h) was slightly higher than that in CW2 (131.22–1597.22 mg/m²/h). The decline in the daily average temperature, which caused reduced microbial activity and plant wilting, was the primary factor contributing to the changes in the pollutant removal rate and CO₂ flux. Pennisetum giganteum z. x. lin and Arundo donax L. var. versicolor Stokes grew in clusters, and the root biomass was large, enabling them to secrete more organic compounds to enhance the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms. Variations in plant species led to different rates of root carbon fixation, which, in turn, affected the CO₂ emissions from the CW substrate layer. Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla and could utilize the nutrients and oxygen transported by plant roots to enhance nitrification and denitrification processes. This study provides a reference for the promotion of domestic sewage treatment in rural areas of China.

农村生活污水处理的效果对居民的生活环境和生活质量有着重要的影响。以山西省运城市某农村生活污水处理设施为研究对象，对某污水处理工艺的运行效果和CO2通量进行了研究。该工艺包括厌氧预处理，然后应用两套人工湿地（CWs）进行深度处理。一组CWs结合当地民间故事元素，通过植物搭配创造“鲤鱼跳龙门”景观（CW1）。另一组采用规则行设计（CW2）。结果表明：CW1对化学需氧量（COD）（72.41 ~ 92.91%）、氨态氮（NH4+-N）（94.80 ~ 99.33%）和总磷（TP）（27.56 ~ 67.62%）的去除率与CW2相当；总氮（TN）的去除率（51.64 ~ 85.59%）高于CW2。同时，CW1的底物CO2通量（145.68 ~ 1637.11 mg/m2/h）略高于CW2 （131.22 ~ 1597.22 mg/m2/h）。日平均气温下降导致微生物活性降低和植物枯萎，是导致污染物去除率和CO2通量变化的主要因素。狼尾草（Pennisetum giganteum z. x. lin）和花斑竹（Arundo donax L. ar. versicolor Stokes）成簇生长，根系生物量大，能够分泌更多的有机化合物，增强根际微生物活性。植物种类的不同导致根系固碳速率的不同，进而影响连续波基材层CO2的排放。放线菌门、变形菌门、绿杆菌门、酸杆菌门和拟杆菌门是优势门，它们可以利用植物根系输送的养分和氧气来促进硝化和反硝化过程。本研究为中国农村地区生活污水处理的推广提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Recovery of post-fire forest sites with alder admixture—biodynamic principles and perspective 桤木外加剂在火灾后森林立地恢复中的生物动力学原理和前景

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107904

Bartłomiej Woś , Marek Pająk , Agnieszka Józefowska , Marcin Pietrzykowski

Introducing N-fixing species into non-N-fixing tree stands may accelerate the recovery of soil function and restoration of forest ecosystems after fire through a higher rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) accumulation. This assumption derives from a biodynamic approach to restoring degraded ecosystem functions. Here, we examine the effects of admixing alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.), a nitrogen-fixing species, into even-aged common birch (Betula pendula Roth) stands approximately 30 years after fire, focusing on soil properties, tree biometric parameters, and recovery of tree nutrient supply at wildfire-affected sites. Our results indicate that the admixture of alder into even-aged birch stands improved soil physicochemical properties. This effect manifested primarily as higher SOC (34.23 g kg⁻¹) and N (2.39 g kg⁻¹) content in the soils under mixed birch–alder stands compared to pure (25.38 g kg⁻¹ and 1.71 g kg⁻¹ for SOC and N, respectively) birch stands. Birches growing in mixed stands were also characterized by higher biometric parameters, particularly height (13.0 m), compared with birches in pure stands (height = 10.2 m). Therefore, in degraded sites after large-scale fires, we recommend applying the biodynamic approach of admixing N-fixing alder into birch monocultures.

在非固氮林分引入固氮树种可通过提高土壤有机碳（SOC）和氮(N)积累速率，加速火灾后土壤功能的恢复和森林生态系统的恢复。这一假设来源于恢复退化生态系统功能的生物动力学方法。在此，我们研究了桤木（Alnus glutinosa， L.）在火灾发生后约30年，将固氮树种白桦（Betula pendula Roth）转化为均匀年龄的普通桦树（Betula pendula Roth），重点研究了野火灾区土壤特性、树木生物特征参数和树木养分供应的恢复。结果表明，在均匀年龄的桦林中掺入桤木可以改善土壤的理化性质。这种影响主要表现为混合桦木-桤木林下土壤有机碳（34.23 g kg - 1）和氮（2.39 g kg - 1）含量高于纯桦木林下（有机碳和氮分别为25.38 g kg - 1和1.71 g kg - 1）。混交林桦木的生物特征参数也高于纯林桦木，特别是高度（13.0 m）高于纯林桦木（10.2 m）。因此，在大规模火灾后的退化场地，我们建议采用生物动力学方法在桦木单一栽培中掺入固氮桤木。

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based solutions for water management: Pluridisciplinary state-of-the-art and research needs 基于自然的水管理解决方案：多学科的最新技术和研究需求

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107887

Freddy Rey , Jean-Luc Bertrand-Krajewski , Sara Fernandez , Joana Guerrin , Cécile Herivaux , Michel Lafforgue , Philippe Le Coent , Marie-Noëlle Pons , Bénédicte Rulleau

Nature-based Solutions (NbS) offer a way to preserve, manage and restore ecosystems so as to better meet today's societal challenges, by combining benefits for society and the environment, including biodiversity. They are a response to current climate change-related challenges for water management. However, various barriers exist to the implementation of NbS, such as a lack of appropriation of the concept, as well as needs for knowledge and know-how. Focusing on societal challenges linked to water, we highlight the importance of implementing pluridisciplinary and transdisciplinary projects when trying to implement NbS projects. This requires new approaches in research, practice, and governance. This discussion allows identifying levers for a widespread use of NbS for water management.

基于自然的解决方案（NbS）提供了一种保护、管理和恢复生态系统的方法，通过结合社会和环境的利益，包括生物多样性，更好地应对当今的社会挑战。它们是对当前与气候变化有关的水资源管理挑战的回应。然而，国家统计局的实施存在各种障碍，例如缺乏对这一概念的挪用，以及对知识和技能的需求。关注与水相关的社会挑战，我们强调在尝试实施国家统计局项目时实施多学科和跨学科项目的重要性。这需要在研究、实践和治理方面采用新的方法。这一讨论有助于确定在水管理中广泛使用国家统计局的杠杆。

引用次数: 0

Hardwood biochar in treatment wetlands for removing a mixture of pesticides from agricultural runoff 硬木生物炭用于去除农业径流中混合农药的处理湿地

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107900

Charles Jarry , Jacques Brisson , Khalil Abas , Sung Vo Duy , Sébastien Sauvé , Margit Kõiv-Vainik

Agricultural runoff often carries pesticide mixtures that threaten aquatic ecosystems and complicate mitigation. Biochar is a promising amendment for treatment wetlands, but its performance under multi-compound loads remains underexplored. We tested 8 outdoor subsurface-flow wetland mesocosms: six planted with Scirpus cyperinus, half amended with 15% (v/v) hardwood biochar (beech/birch/maple, 350 °C), and two unplanted controls-gravel and gravel with biochar. Mesocosms were batch-fed fertilizer solution spiked with atrazine, chlorantraniliprole (CAP), and glyphosate at three concentrations reflecting watershed maxima. Pesticide removal was assessed by mass balance, accounting for evapotranspiration-driven volume change.

In planted mesocosms without biochar, removals averaged 61% (atrazine), 59% (CAP), and 82% (glyphosate). With biochar, removals improved to ≥97%, ≥99%, and ≥ 88%, respectively. Gravel controls achieved 33%, 32%, and 60%, whereas unplanted biochar reached 98%, >99%, and 87%. Plants enhanced evapotranspiration (20 vs 7 mm/d) and improved removal, but biochar played a dominant role by reducing pesticide availability for biotic processes. No phytotoxic effects were observed, and the pesticide mixture did not reduce performance.

Our findings demonstrate that biochar can significantly enhance the effectiveness of treatment wetlands in removing a mixture of pesticides, providing a strong rationale for targeted laboratory work aimed at elucidating the specific removal pathways. Long-term management should prioritize media renewal as adsorption sites age or saturate.

农业径流通常含有农药混合物，威胁水生生态系统，使缓解措施复杂化。生物炭是一种很有前途的处理湿地的改良剂，但其在多化合物负荷下的性能仍有待研究。我们测试了8个室外地下流湿地生态系统：6个种植了沙柏，一半添加了15% （v/v）的硬木生物炭（山毛榉/桦树/枫树，350°C），以及两个未种植的对照-砾石和砾石与生物炭。以三种浓度反映流域最大值的肥料溶液，分批饲喂了莠去津、氯虫腈（CAP）和草甘膦。农药去除是通过质量平衡来评估的，考虑到蒸散驱动的体积变化。在没有生物炭的种植中生态系统中，平均去除率为61%（阿特拉津），59% （CAP）和82%（草甘膦）。生物炭的去除率分别提高到≥97%、≥99%和≥88%。砾石控制的效果分别为33%、32%和60%，而未种植生物炭的效果分别为98%、99%和87%。植物提高了蒸散量（20 mm/d vs 7 mm/d）并改善了去除率，但生物炭通过降低生物过程的农药有效性发挥了主导作用。没有观察到植物毒性作用，农药混合物也没有降低生产性能。我们的研究结果表明，生物炭可以显著提高处理湿地去除混合农药的有效性，为旨在阐明特定去除途径的针对性实验室工作提供了强有力的理论依据。长期管理应优先考虑介质更新，因为吸附部位老化或饱和。

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引用次数: 0

Distributions and influencing factors of glomalin-related soil protein in aggregate following forest restoration 森林恢复后团聚体中球囊素相关土壤蛋白的分布及其影响因素

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107893

Yulin Liu , Ruixing Zhang , Zhouping Shangguan , Lei Deng

Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), a microbially derived carbonaceous compound, plays a crucial role in sustaining ecosystem functions and promoting the accumulation and stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, information remains limited regarding GRSP accumulation within soil aggregates during natural forest restoration on the Loess Plateau, China. Based on this, this study along the restoration time sequence (farmland as the control; Populus davidiana, 110 years; P. davidiana- Quercus liaotungensis mixed, 130 years; Q. liaotungensis, 160 years), the accumulation characteristics of GRSP were evaluated for four soil aggregate size fractions (> 5 mm, 2–5 mm, 0.25–2 mm, and < 0.25 mm) by measuring soil GRSP content, soil properties (SOC, TN, DOC, pH), extracellular enzyme activity, and microbial diversity. The results showed that forest restoration markedly enhanced total GRSP (T-GRSP), easily extractable GRSP (EE-GRSP), and difficultly extractable GRSP (DE-GRSP) contents, with T-GRSP concentrations increasing as aggregate size decreased. With forest restoration, the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and water-stable aggregate content increased significantly. The activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase showed an increasing trend; the contents of SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) responded positively. The results indicated that forest restoration drives GRSP accumulation in aggregates primarily through the synergistic effects of increasing the activity of nutrient-acquiring enzymes (BG, CBH, NAG) and improving the availability of soil carbon and nitrogen (SOC, TN, DOC). Overall, these results emphasized the importance of improved aggregate stability and the combination of microbial extracellular enzymes, soil environmental factors, and GRSP during forest restoration, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating soil quality improvement through vegetation restoration from a microbial-derived carbon perspective.

Glomalin-related soil protein （GRSP）是一种微生物衍生的碳质化合物，在维持生态系统功能、促进土壤有机碳（SOC）积累和稳定中起着至关重要的作用。然而，关于黄土高原天然林恢复过程中土壤团聚体中GRSP积累的信息仍然有限。在此基础上，本研究通过测定土壤GRSP含量、土壤性质（SOC、TN、DOC、pH）、胞外酶活性和微生物多样性，沿着恢复时间序列（以农田为对照，大叶杨，110年；大叶杨-辽东栎混合，130年；辽东栎，160年），对4个团聚体粒径组分（5 mm、2-5 mm、0.25 - 2 mm和0.25 mm）的GRSP积累特征进行了评价。结果表明：森林恢复显著提高了总GRSP （T-GRSP）、易提取GRSP （EE-GRSP）和难提取GRSP （DE-GRSP）含量，T-GRSP浓度随团聚体粒径的减小而增加；随着森林恢复，平均重径、几何平均径和水稳性骨料含量显著增加。β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素生物水解酶和n -乙酰-β-葡萄糖苷酶活性呈上升趋势；土壤有机碳（SOC）、总氮（TN）和溶解有机碳（DOC）的含量呈正相关。结果表明，森林恢复主要通过提高养分获取酶（BG、CBH、NAG）活性和提高土壤碳氮有效性（SOC、TN、DOC）的协同效应来促进GRSP在团聚体中的积累。总体而言，这些结果强调了森林恢复过程中团聚体稳定性的提高以及微生物胞外酶、土壤环境因子和GRSP的结合的重要性，为从微生物源碳的角度评价植被恢复对土壤质量的改善提供了理论基础。

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引用次数: 0

Cost-benefit analysis of sustainable coastal ecological setback zones: Multi-scenario analysis identifies optimal adaptive management strategies 可持续沿海生态退步带的成本效益分析：多情景分析确定最佳适应性管理策略

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107891

Ziwei Zhang , Xuanhao Huang , Yangfan Li , Jianjun Wang , Xinzhao Dai

Coastal areas face threats from climate change impacts, urgently requiring spatial management of coastal zones. To understand the delineation of coastal setback zones under different scenarios and identify optimal sustainable adaptive management strategies for beaches and coastal communities, our research delineates multiple beach ecological setback zone scenarios and selects optimal coastal sustainable adaptive management strategies through cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Results show that Type II ecological setback zones delineated based on the historical maximum retreat distance can effectively address future coastal risks from sea level rise. We established three coastal setback zone sustainable adaptive management approaches: Business-as-usual (Scenario 1), Ecological protection retreat (Scenario 2), and Ecological adaptive restoration (Scenario 3). These scenarios fully considered beach erosion, tourism and ecological values, and the impact of building density in coastal communities behind beaches. Using Shenzhen's Dapeng New District as a case study, the Type II-Scenario 3 ecological adaptive restoration strategy emerged as the optimal setback zone solution through CBA. The findings indicate that policymakers should select the most cost-effective coastal setback zone planning solution, adapting to local conditions. These insights contribute to the adaptive management planning progress of beaches and coastal areas, helping reduce disaster exposure risks in coastal areas and further promoting economically feasible sustainable management and equitable development of coastal regions.

沿海地区面临气候变化影响的威胁，迫切需要海岸带空间管理。为了解不同情景下海岸退退带的划分，确定海滩和海岸社区最优的可持续适应性管理策略，本研究通过成本效益分析（CBA）对多个海滩生态退退带情景进行了划分，并选择了最优的海岸可持续适应性管理策略。结果表明，基于历史最大退缩距离划定的II型生态退缩带能够有效应对未来海平面上升带来的沿海风险。我们建立了三种沿海挫折带可持续适应性管理方法：照常营业（情景1）、生态保护撤退（情景2）和生态适应性恢复（情景3）。这些方案充分考虑了海滩侵蚀、旅游和生态价值，以及海滩后面沿海社区建筑密度的影响。以深圳大鹏新区为例，通过CBA分析，发现类型ii -情景3生态适应性修复策略是最优退步带解决方案。研究结果表明，决策者应因地制宜，选择最具成本效益的沿海退坡带规划方案。这些见解有助于海滩和沿海地区适应性管理规划的进展，有助于减少沿海地区的灾害风险，并进一步促进经济上可行的可持续管理和沿海地区的公平发展。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological drivers of aesthetic services provisioning by stormwater bioretention 雨水生物保留提供美学服务的生态驱动力

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2026.107892

Lauren Krauss, Megan A. Rippy, Megan Blumenauer, Benjamin H. Roston

This study explores the potential of fuzzy cognitive maps (i.e., mental models) to serve as a design tool for aesthetics by characterizing key features of bioretention that are perceived to influence aesthetic service provisioning and the relationships between them. Our principal focus is on plant communities, the most visually obvious feature of stormwater bioretention, and the role that morphological plant traits, landscape characteristics (e.g., biodiversity), and ecological attributes (e.g., nativeness) play in aesthetic service provisioning. Structured interviews were conducted with 50 residents of Blacksburg, Virginia, each of whom were asked to explore one of 10 virtual bioretention landscapes, rate their aesthetic appeal, and develop a personalized mental model of aesthetic service provisioning. Statistical analysis of the resultant mental models indicates that people's perceptions of aesthetics are shaped by a network of interconnected plant characteristics and that the combined influence of these characteristics far exceeds their individual effects. This highlights the need for integrated models of bioretention aesthetics that can assess multiple characteristics simultaneously. Three groups of people with distinct perspectives about aesthetics were identified. When these perspectives were aggregated to capture collective wisdom, the resultant mental model reproduced perceptions of virtual bioretention well (Pearson's rho: 0.65). This suggests that mental modeling approaches warrant consideration as a design tool for aesthetics. This work improves our understanding of the interconnected network of plant and landscape traits that shape aesthetic services, and the potential of new design tools like mental modeling to facilitate multifunctional bioretention systems that reflect people's cultural values.

本研究探讨了模糊认知地图（即心理模型）作为美学设计工具的潜力，通过描述生物记忆的关键特征，这些特征被认为会影响审美服务的提供以及它们之间的关系。我们主要关注的是植物群落，这是雨水生物滞留最明显的视觉特征，以及植物形态特征、景观特征（如生物多样性）和生态属性（如原生性）在美学服务提供中的作用。对弗吉尼亚州布莱克斯堡的50名居民进行了结构化访谈，每个人都被要求探索10个虚拟生物保留景观中的一个，对其审美吸引力进行评分，并开发个性化的审美服务提供心理模型。由此产生的心理模型的统计分析表明，人们对美学的感知是由相互关联的植物特征网络形成的，这些特征的综合影响远远超过了它们的个体影响。这突出了需要生物保持美学的综合模型，可以同时评估多个特征。研究人员确定了三组对美学有不同看法的人。当这些观点被聚合起来以捕捉集体智慧时，由此产生的心智模型很好地再现了虚拟生物记忆的感知（Pearson’s rho: 0.65）。这表明心理建模方法值得考虑作为美学的设计工具。这项工作提高了我们对形成美学服务的植物和景观特征相互联系的网络的理解，以及心智模型等新设计工具的潜力，以促进反映人们文化价值观的多功能生物保留系统。

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引用次数: 0

A trade-off approach to optimize nature-based flood defense designs: riparian willow forests as case study 优化基于自然的防洪设计的权衡方法：以河岸柳林为例研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107886

Corinne van Starrenburg , Alejandra Gijón Mancheño , Johan van de Koppel , Daphne van der Wal , Matthijs H. Slegt , Maarten J.J. Schrama , Matty P. Berg , Bregje K. van Wesenbeeck , Su A. Kalloe , Bas Hofland , Tjeerd J. Bouma

Nature-based solutions are increasingly recognized as effective and multifunctional components of climate-resilient flood protection. While tropical mangroves have received substantial attention, temperate riparian forests, particularly willow systems, offer comparable wave attenuation and biodiversity benefits, yet remain understudied. This study assesses the ecological and protective value of three types of willow floodplain forests: a so-called wild-grown willow forest, a pollard willow forest, and a willow plantation. Using field data from the Biesbosch National Park (the Netherlands), we quantified forest structure, ground-dwelling invertebrate diversity, and modelled wave attenuation under storm scenarios. Structural complexity and biodiversity were highest in the wild-grown forest, with significantly greater invertebrate order richness, larger body sizes, and more heterogeneous canopy architecture. The pollard forest showed the highest wave attenuation efficiency due to their dense, low-lying crown structures. The plantation forest showed lower values across both axes. We integrated these findings into a trade-off model evaluating ecological value, flood protection efficiency, and a 50-year simple cost analysis of each forest type as a hybrid solution alongside traditional dikes. While the pollard forest is the most spatially efficient for flood attenuation, the wild-grown system provides greater ecological value at lower lifecycle cost. Our results underscore the importance of tailoring hybrid flood defense strategies to local priorities - balancing biodiversity, spatial constraints, and economic feasibility. The framework developed here can inform ecosystem-based design in delta regions worldwide, supporting integrated climate adaptation that aligns safety with ecological resilience.

基于自然的解决方案越来越被认为是气候适应型洪水保护的有效和多功能组成部分。虽然热带红树林得到了大量关注，但温带河岸林，特别是柳树系统，提供了类似的波浪衰减和生物多样性益处，但仍未得到充分研究。本研究评估了三种类型的柳林洪泛平原森林的生态和保护价值：所谓的野生柳林，pollard柳林和柳林人工林。利用荷兰比斯博什国家公园的野外数据，我们量化了森林结构、地面无脊椎动物多样性，并模拟了风暴情景下的波浪衰减。结构复杂性和生物多样性以野生森林最高，无脊椎动物目丰富度显著高于野生森林，体型较大，冠层结构异质性更强。由于叶冠结构密集、地势较低，叶冠林的波衰减效率最高。人工林在两个轴上的值都较低。我们将这些发现整合到一个权衡模型中，评估生态价值、防洪效率，并对每种森林类型作为传统堤坝的混合解决方案进行50年的简单成本分析。在空间上，林场是最有效的洪水衰减方式，而野生系统以较低的生命周期成本提供了更大的生态价值。我们的研究结果强调了根据当地优先事项调整混合防洪策略的重要性——平衡生物多样性、空间限制和经济可行性。这里开发的框架可以为全球三角洲地区基于生态系统的设计提供信息，支持将安全与生态恢复力相结合的综合气候适应。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the rainfall erosion mechanisms and protection technology induced by short-duration intense rainfall in open-pit coal mine dump slopes 短期强降雨对露天煤矿排土场边坡的降雨侵蚀机理及防护技术研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107890

Wei Liu , Xiangtian Xu , Xiaoyu Yan , Zhenyu Wang

Short-duration intense rainfall has become a leading trigger for shallow failures in open-pit mine dump slopes, causing surface erosion, shallow slides (<5 m), and operational hazards. This study aims to investigate the failure mechanisms associated with such rainfall events and evaluate a cooperative protection strategy combining Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) material with Salix psammophila (S. psammophila) sand barriers. To this end, twelve artificial rainfall tests were conducted on slopes with angles of 37° and 43°, under rainfall intensities of 70, 80, and 90 mm/h. The results indicate that S. psammophila sand barriers alone reduce erosion effectively only under moderate rainfall (<80 mm/h), with erosion area ratios increasing from 34.3 % to 65.0 % under higher intensities. In contrast, PVA-treated slopes, forming a 2–3 cm hardened surface layer, demonstrated zero erosion and infiltration across all conditions. Furthermore, the cooperative PVA + Salix system outperformed individual measures, enhancing both mechanical stability and ecological potential. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that PVA creates a bonded membrane with soil particles, thereby increasing cohesion and resisting washout. Moisture sensors and infiltration depth tracking revealed that PVA drastically reduced infiltration velocity and delayed soil saturation. A four-stage failure model—initial infiltration, differential settlement, tension cracking, and shallow sliding—was proposed to explain the observed failure patterns. The combined protective approach significantly mitigates erosion risk, particularly under extreme rainfall, and offers a promising solution for sustainable slope management in mining regions.

短时间强降雨已成为露天矿排土场边坡浅层破坏的主要触发因素，造成地表侵蚀、5米浅层滑坡和作业危害。本研究旨在探讨与此类降雨事件相关的破坏机制，并评估聚乙烯醇（PVA）材料与沙柳（S. psammophila）沙障的协同保护策略。为此，在坡度为37°和43°、降雨强度为70、80和90 mm/h的斜坡上进行了12次人工降雨试验。结果表明，沙柳沙障仅在中等降雨条件下（80 mm/h）才能有效减少侵蚀，高强度下侵蚀面积比从34.3%增加到65.0%。相比之下，pva处理的斜坡，形成了2-3厘米的硬化表面层，在所有条件下都显示出零侵蚀和渗透。此外，PVA + Salix合作体系的机械稳定性和生态潜力均优于单项措施。扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明，PVA与土壤颗粒形成了粘结膜，从而增加了凝聚力，抵抗冲刷。水分传感器和入渗深度跟踪显示，PVA显著降低入渗速度，延缓土壤饱和。提出了一个四阶段的破坏模型-初始渗透，差异沉降，拉伸开裂和浅滑动-来解释观察到的破坏模式。这种综合保护方法显著降低了侵蚀风险，特别是在极端降雨情况下，为矿区的可持续边坡管理提供了一种有希望的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term ecological recovery of a minespoil watershed: Hydrological, vegetation, and carbon stock assessment 矿区流域的长期生态恢复：水文、植被和碳储量评估

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107883

Jag Mohan Singh Tomar , Anupam Barh , Raj Kumar , Deepak Singh , Ranjeet Singh , Dinesh Jinger , R.K. Singh , Rajesh Kaushal , Sneha Dobhal , M. Madhu

Mining-induced land degradation severely disrupts ecosystems through the loss of vegetation diversity, accelerated erosion, soil and water contamination, and alteration of landforms. Although numerous reclamation initiatives have been undertaken worldwide, evidence on their long-term ecological effectiveness in terms of ecosystem recovery remains limited. This study evaluated the prolonged impacts of rehabilitation measures implemented in a minespoil watershed in northwestern India, focussing on soil- and vegetation-based interventions, and their influence on the hydrological stability, vegetation dynamics, species diversity, carbon sequestration potential, and water quality. The results indicated a substantial improvement in hydrological stability, with monsoon runoff declining from 57 % in 1984 to 25 % in 2023, and debris outflow reducing from 550 t ha⁻¹ in 1984 to nearly zero by 2023. The vegetation cover increased markedly from 10 % (pre-rehabilitation) to 95 %, particularly on the middle and lower slopes. Similarly, species diversity and richness exhibited consistent increased trends after the implementation of rehabilitation measures. Vegetation analysis identified Acacia catechu as a dominant species, followed by Leucaena leucocephala and Toona ciliata, all of which played a major role in the recovery of minespoil land. As an indicator species, Acacia catechu exhibited substantial growth, with tree height increasing from 5.37 m to 11.9 m and girth from 33.25 cm to 136.6 cm over 15 year. Similarly, the NDVI increased from 0.58 to 0.82 between 1991 and 2023, while model-derived carbon stock increased from 2.15 Mg C ha⁻¹ to 5.21 Mg C ha⁻¹ over the same period. However, water quality assessments indicated elevated levels of TDS (1652 ppm), salinity (1920 ppm), calcium, and magnesium, rendering the water unsuitable for irrigation and direct human consumption. Overall, the present findings demonstrate that long-term rehabilitation measures are highly effective in restoring minespoil lands by improving hydrological regulation, enhancing vegetation cover and species diversity, and significantly increasing carbon sequestration.

采矿引起的土地退化通过丧失植被多样性、加速侵蚀、土壤和水污染以及改变地貌，严重破坏了生态系统。虽然在世界范围内进行了许多填海工程，但从生态系统恢复的角度来看，其长期生态效益的证据仍然有限。本研究评估了在印度西北部矿区流域实施的恢复措施的长期影响，重点关注基于土壤和植被的干预措施，以及它们对水文稳定性、植被动态、物种多样性、碳固存潜力和水质的影响。结果表明，水文稳定性有了实质性的改善，季风径流从1984年的57%下降到2023年的25%，碎屑流出从1984年的550 t ha - 1减少到2023年的几乎为零。植被覆盖度从10%（恢复前）显著增加到95%，特别是在中低坡。同样，物种多样性和丰富度在实施恢复措施后也呈现出持续增加的趋势。植被分析表明儿茶合欢是优势种，其次是银合欢和香椿，它们都在恢复矿渣地中发挥了主要作用。作为指示树种，15年间儿茶树的树高从5.37 m增加到11.9 m，树周长从33.25 cm增加到136.6 cm。同样，NDVI在1991年至2023年间从0.58增加到0.82，而模型导出的碳储量在同一时期从2.15 Mg C ha - 1增加到5.21 Mg C ha - 1。然而，水质评估表明，TDS （1652 ppm）、盐度（1920 ppm）、钙和镁的水平升高，使得水不适合灌溉和人类直接饮用。总体而言，本研究结果表明，通过改善水文调节，增加植被覆盖和物种多样性，以及显著增加碳固存，长期恢复措施对恢复矿坑地非常有效。

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引用次数: 0