Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Screening of perfluoroalkyl substances and their environmental impact in sequencing batch reactors combined with nature-based solutions","authors":"Grażyna Gałęzowska ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kołecka ,&nbsp;Monika Cieszyńska-Semenowicz ,&nbsp;Vladyslaw Redko ,&nbsp;Magdalena Gajewska","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a growing problem in the environment. The research indicates that they are present in surface water, groundwater, drinking water sources, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents, and landfill leachates. Additionally, the conventional methods of wastewater treatment are ineffective in their removal.</div><div>This study aimed to indicate the concentration of PFAS in wastewater during treatment processes in sequential biological reactors (SBRs), followed by two ponds working in series. Samples were collected after individual stages of treatment, during the beginning of touristic seasonality. The research also determined the environmental impact of the PFAS by determining the ecotoxicity and performing a risk assessment of the analyzed wastewater.</div><div>The analyzed wastewater samples were collected from the different stages of the WWTP in Swarzewo, which uses SBRs. In the collected samples, basic parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD₅), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), as well as identification and concentrations of PFAS were determined. Based on this data, an ecotoxicological assessment and risk assessment of the wastewater was performed.</div><div>The research indicated that the basic parameters and Microtox toxicity assay are not sensitive to changes in the PFAS content in wastewater. As the hydrophobicity of the PFAS increases, their solubility in the water decreases. However, these substances may still be present in suspended particles, leading to an increase in their global concentration in the water and, consequently, may pose environmental hazards. The proposed technology of wastewater treatment is an effective PFAS retention system in the sediment (removal of over 90 %). Meteorological conditions affect the PFAS transformation processes taking place in SBRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of grasses in the Mpumalanga coalfields region and assessment of their suitability to increase the pH of acid mine drainage, for potential use in passive acid mine drainage remediation systems","authors":"Janet Smith ,&nbsp;Craig Sheridan ,&nbsp;Lizelle van Dyk ,&nbsp;Kevin G. Harding","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass samples collected from various locations in the Mpumalanga coalfields region, (South Africa), were classified and characterised using various analytical techniques to determine their physical and chemical composition. The suitability of the grasses for use in acid mine drainage (AMD) remediation was evaluated by adding a defined portion of these grasses to both synthetically prepared and real AMD collected from an AMD received dam (RD) source in the Mpumalanga coalfields region, (South Africa). This was to establish whether the grass addition was able to achieve an increase in pH, and if the effect was more notable for a particular grass type. Results showed that grass addition to AMD resulted in an increase in pH (or decrease in the hydrogen ion (H⁺) concentration of synthetically prepared AMD. The addition of different grass types produced varying results, and the <em>Hyparrhenia hirta</em> (G12 and G13) and <em>Chrysopogon zizanioides</em> (G15) formally known as <em>Vetiveria zinanioldes</em> grass types produced a greater overall percentage decrease in H⁺ concentration. Multiple grass additions sustained the overall high percentage decrease in H⁺ concentration for the best-performing grass types and improved the overall percentage decrease in H⁺ concentration of the more poorly performing <em>Eragrostis curvula</em> (G6), and <em>Hyparrhenia filipendula</em> (G5) grass types tested in synthetic AMD. The notable changes observed in cation and anion concentrations of the grass samples after contact with AMD would suggest that a cation-anion exchange reaction did occur. An exchange of the H⁺ ions in the AMD and the inorganic cations (M⁺) associated with anions present in the grass, could be responsible for the increase in pH observed in synthetic AMD after grass addition. The addition of grass to the RD AMD did not achieve any significant or sustained decrease in H⁺ concentration, which could be attributed to the more complex matrix and higher mineral acidity of the RD AMD which would require alternate experimental conditions to achieve a decrease in H⁺ concentration. Variances in structural and physical composition between the different grass types were not consistent, and it was not possible to attribute the decrease in H⁺ concentration in AMD to any compositional parameter. Using locally sourced lignocellulosic materials in passive remediation systems is vital to the successful design of a cost-effective and sustainable, remediation system. This work is important as it explores the suitability of grass types that are readily available from the immediate vicinity of the Mpumalanga coalfields, South Africa to increase the pH of contacted AMD at ambient temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Riparian vegetation surveys for roughness estimation","authors":"A. Signorile,&nbsp;R. Saracino,&nbsp;A. Dani,&nbsp;M. Rillo Migliorini Giovannini,&nbsp;F. Preti","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation growth along rivers may have effects on water resistance and velocity distribution. Roughness evaluation is crucial in constructing river stage-discharge curves, due to its great importance in river management and risk assessment. Usually, land managers mechanically remove vegetation to increase flow conveyance and reduce flooding risk, with negative effects on the riverine ecosystem and hydraulic risk downstream.</div><div>The study aims to implement a useful methodology for management planning along vegetated riparian zones through the development evaluation of both unmanaged and anthropically disturbed riparian ecosystems, using tree stands quantitative parameters required to estimate roughness caused by riparian vegetation.</div><div>For each watercourse, it was also possible to evaluate the equivalent roughness dependent on river morphology and the effective flow resistance over time.</div><div>The outputs of vegetation parameters analysis also may provide practical support in gentle maintenance interventions of Tuscan watercourses planning, to ensure positive effects both on water flow and on riverine ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and effectiveness evaluation of a fish guide weir","authors":"Xiaomin Yao ,&nbsp;Shuangke Sun ,&nbsp;Shizhi Yang ,&nbsp;Songtao Liu ,&nbsp;Guangning Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish passage facility design must account for the migration routes and gathering locations of fish within the river. Given the variability and unpredictability of fish migration routes and gathering locations, effectively guiding fish migration is a major focus in fish conservation. This paper presents an innovative concept and design methodology for a fish guide weir. The effectiveness of the weir is assessed using the Active Fish Migration (AFM) model alongside real fish tests, in conjugation with the fish passage facilities at Yaojiaping Hydropower Station. The key findings are: (1) Fish passage barriers are consistently formed at the fish guide weir, creating a unique low-velocity area downstream that leads to the outlet of the fish-attracting channel, establishing a unique fish-gathering location. (2) The AFM model predicts the fish guiding effect of the weir at Yaojiaping Hydropower Station, noting similar swimming routes under varied operating conditions. Fish migrate upstream along the low-velocity area on the right bank, congregating at the fish-attracting channel's outlet. (3) Real fish tests verify that the Yaojiaping fish guide weir effectively directs fish migration, creating a unique fish-gathering zone at the channel's outlet, thereby affirming the weir's effectiveness. (4) The fish guide weir bisects the river, creating an overflow from the weir crest that forms a waterdrop or velocity barrier, preventing further upstream movement. In addition, the weir's angle relative to the river course facilitates guiding fish migration, establishing a unique fish-gathering area at its upstream end.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating thermal regime on seawalls to maximise nature positive outcomes for encrusting tropical oysters","authors":"Nathan J. Waltham ,&nbsp;Marcus Sheaves","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107426","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107426","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological niche theory poses that the arrangement of species in the environment is arranged by thresholds and tolerances to settings, though, when these conditions fall outside these (for example, temperature) a species is absent. Using an infra-red thermal sensor, we characterise the surface temperature in summer and autumn on the sun facing (no oysters present) and the shaded side of rock boulders (oysters present) used to build coastal seawall structures in central Queensland, Australia. The sun facing boulder surface was significantly hotter, up to 15 °C at any one time, compared with the boulder shaded side during both the summer and autumn surveys. Diel logging (30 min intervals) of surface temperature of sun facing boulder surfaces without oysters ranged between 24 and 50 °C, while boulders with oysters ranged between 25 and 35 °C. A Principal Component Analysis constructed using boulder dimensions (length, width, height, and surface angle orientation) showed a close positive correlation between length and width, however, height was poorly correlated with the other two dimensions. When this information is used to construct a boulder index no relationship is evident between the boulder size and the observed temperatures on the two sides of boulders. For seawalls to achieve nature positive outcomes in tropical settings, requires simply taking into consideration rock surface temperature settings during the design and construction phase. Implementing this ecological engineering consideration gives oysters a greater chance of colonisation, and thereby providing the ecosystem services that they are well known for.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of grazing exclusion on plant communities varies over time in a Tibetan alpine meadow","authors":"Taohui Lian ,&nbsp;Yaning Li ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Shuang Xiang ,&nbsp;Yinzhan Liu ,&nbsp;Shucun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fencing is an important and common grassland management strategy for restoring areas degraded by grazing. However, experimental evidence regarding the differences between the effects of short-term and long-term fencing on grassland structure remains insufficient, and the mechanisms by which fencing influences plant diversity and community structure are not yet fully understood. A long-term fencing experiment was conducted in a Tibetan meadow. We investigated Hill diversity, aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), plant community height, species richness, and the biomass and height of four plant functional groups (including grasses, forbs, legumes, and sedges) after 1, 2, 3, and 13 years of fencing. This allowed us to compare the differing impacts of fencing on diversity and community structure over time. Additionally, we collected data on environmental factors such as soil compaction, soil moisture, soil nutrients, and plant litter biomass to elucidate the effects of fencing on plant communities. Our results indicated that short-term fencing increased Hill diversity within plant communities. Conversely, long-term fencing significantly decreased Hill diversity in alpine meadows. Furthermore, fencing reduced aboveground net primary productivity across all four assessment periods. Plant diversity exhibited a positive correlation with soil compaction and soil moisture, but a negative correlation with community height, litter biomass, and litter height. Fencing primarily influenced the diversity of litter biomass, community height, and soil nitrate nitrogen content across all biotic and abiotic factors. Our findings demonstrate that the effects of short-term and long-term fencing on plant communities differ markedly. Long-term fencing can adversely affect plant communities through litter accumulation and alterations in soil physical properties; therefore, the duration of fencing must be considered in grassland restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107420"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is dredging an effective ecological restoration method to improve water quality in freshwater ecosystems?","authors":"Hongyong Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Wentao Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sediment dredging has been widely applied worldwide as a pivotal pollution-mitigation method, and facilitating the restoration of biological communities and ecosystem functions and services. However, there are still some crucial questions remain unclear, including the effectiveness of dredging in improving water quality and how deep should we dredge. To address these uncertainties, we conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis by examining 71 studies including 800 effect sizes that focus on sediment dredging practices in freshwater ecosystems across China. Our results revealed significant improvement in twelve out of the fourteen assessed water quality indices by sediment dredging except for pH and total organic carbon in sediment (TOC_sediment). Specifically, we found increasing in dissolved oxygen, TOC_sediment, and transparency by 3.30 %–24.71 %, while other indices reduced by 8.40 %–38.53 %, suggesting significant improvement of water quality by dredging. Dredging effectiveness varied by many factors including dredging depth, post-dredging time, dredging status, and climatic factors. Dredging depth negatively correlated with the effect sizes of six water quality indices such as total phosphorus (TP) and <span><math><msubsup><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math></span>, and the recommended dredging depth is 40–60 cm to maximize water quality improvements. Unexpectedly, the effect sizes of total nitrogen (TN), TP, <span><math><msubsup><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math></span>, chlorophyll-a, and total suspended solids decreased with longer post-dredging time, indicating stronger beneficial of water quality improvement over time. Interestingly, dredging had more profound impacts in waterbodies of higher than lower pollutant concentrations. Combined projects (dredging + other methods), post-dredging, and deeper dredging (&gt;40 cm) consistently improved water quality more than standalone dredging, ongoing-dredging, and shallow dredging depth, respectively. We also found significant effects of climatic factors, experimental type, and dredging quantity on the effectiveness of dredging on water quality. Collectively, our study highlights dredging potential for water quality improvement, especially for reducing concentrations of TN_sediment, TP_sediment, and chlorophyll-a. Such knowledge is fundamental for decision-makers to balance between environmental benefits and cost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the restoration and the dispersal of reindeer lichen after forest fire in northern Sweden: Results after eleven growing seasons","authors":"Samuel Roturier ,&nbsp;Joel Jensen ,&nbsp;Lars-Evert Nutti ,&nbsp;Pierre Barbillon ,&nbsp;Sébastien Ollier ,&nbsp;Dan Bergström","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In circumboreal regions, <em>Rangifer</em> populations depend heavily on ground reindeer lichens (<em>Cladonia</em> subgenus <em>Cladina</em>) during the winter, but this critical resource was depleted over the 20th century as a result of land encroachment and habitat loss. Fires, both wild and controlled, can also contribute to the decline of reindeer lichen. Depending on the context, accelerating the return of winter pasture through reindeer lichen transplantation after fire may be needed to conserve threatened caribou populations and semi-domestic reindeer herding. Following a field experiment established in 2008, two years after a forest fire, we evaluated the success of restoration through lichen transplantation, measuring biomass on restoration, control and reference sites. We also assessed the dispersal of lichen fragments from the restoration plots into the surrounding burnt area. Eleven growing seasons after lichen transplantation, the lichen biomass measured on restoration sites (62 g m⁻²) was on average significantly higher than on control sites (0.8 g m⁻²), but remained non-significantly lower than on reference sites (109 g m⁻²). This confirms the success of the transplanting operation and the remaining progress towards a fully restored lichen mat. The distance distribution of lichen fragments showed that reindeer lichen had dispersed by at least 20 m from the restoration plots, and locally by much greater distances, of up to 60 m. The absence of a clear pattern of dispersal on all sites indicates the importance of microsite conditions and post-dispersal processes. Perspectives for future restoration operations are discussed, including the fire-lichen-<em>Rangifer</em> relationship, and implications for local and Indigenous populations who depend on them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107415"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 20-year systematic review of wave dissipation by soft and hybrid nature-based solutions (NbS)","authors":"Amy Bredes ,&nbsp;Georgette Tso ,&nbsp;Rachel K. Gittman ,&nbsp;Siddharth Narayan ,&nbsp;Tori Tomiczek ,&nbsp;Jon K. Miller ,&nbsp;Rebecca L. Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A systematic review of 20 years of studies was conducted to understand wave dissipation trends of hybrid and natural (soft) coastal features, collectively referred to as nature-based solutions (NbS). Of 13,451 studies identified and 470 studies reviewed; only 50 studies consistently reported the basic parameters required to compare wave height dissipation. These studies were used to create a basic understanding of wave dissipation across soft and hybrid features along different cross-shore widths. More specific implementation guidance for NbS is limited due to the lack of consistent monitoring practices and protocol within and between soft and hybrid features. This disparity is greatest between soft and hybrid NbS. To fully understand best practices for the wide variety of soft and hybrid NbS, more uniform monitoring data is needed to assess and more fully define wave dissipation performance. Based on the findings of this review, eight parameters to measure the wave dissipation effectiveness of NbS features are proposed. These findings will inform the development and application of evaluation protocols for future NbS projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107418"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide neutrality of sustainably managed forests of Austria","authors":"Robert Jandl ,&nbsp;Herbert Hager ,&nbsp;Florian Kraxner ,&nbsp;Thomas Ledermann ,&nbsp;Peter Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests contribute to climate change mitigation by retaining carbon in their biomass, providing the renewable resource for wood-based products, bioenergy, and the substitution of materials with a bigger ecological footprint. Whether or not forest management is carbon neutral is a matter of discussion that is compromised by unclear terminology. It is claimed that unmanaged forests hold higher carbon stocks in the biomass and therefore contribute more to the mitigation of climate change. Particularly critical is the appraisal of bioenergy from wood. Based on Austrian data we demonstrate that forest management has been sustainable for at least several decades and that the business-as-usual management with a focus on timber production and bioenergy mainly as side-stream of timber processing does not introduce additional carbon dioxide (CO₂) to the atmosphere, but removes it. With annual harvest rates consistently lower than the annual timber increment and a vital timber processing industry the forests and the wood products have been a sink of greenhouse gases that have compensated for on average 14 % of the Austrian greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions between 1990 and 2022. We critically assess concepts that classify forest management operations as non‑carbon-neutral and conclude that the narrative is only valid in regions with unsustainable forest management and deforestation. The storage of carbon in the biomass and in wood products, the generation of bioenergy mainly from a side stream of timber processing, and the substitution of non-wood products represent a consistent sink of carbon dioxide. We also conclude that frequently used baselines of unmanaged forests as comparison to managed forests are based on unfounded assumptions of forest ecosystem dynamics, insufficiently accounting for tree mortality and disturbances. We support the business-as-usual forest management as carbon neutral and recognize the need for active forest management to implement adaptive measures to successfully cope with climate change impacts, and to supply society with a renewable resource of small GHG footprint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142417706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}