Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107853
Yaoping Chen , Jiahao Sun , Lina Zhang , Xiaoyang Chen , Yanfei Xu , Yongchun Chen , Lee-Hyung Kim , Youngchul Kim
Considering the stagnant hydrodynamics and limited oxygen transfer characteristic of isolated or partially isolated aquatic systems, as well as the low oxygen flux and inadequate microbial attachment surfaces in traditional floating wetlands, three configurations of floating constructed wetlands were developed: (1) plant-only system, (2) plant-fiber matrix system, and (3) plant-fiber-aeration integrated system. The plant–fiber–aeration integrated system exhibited superior removal efficiencies for BOD₅ (67.4 %), TN (70.7 %), and TP (61.7 %) compared to the plant-based and plant–fiber matrix systems at the reactive equilibrium. Despite of the influent fluctuation and seasonal change, the integrated system consistently maintained better effluent quality and highest pollutant removal rate. Furthermore, aeration significantly reduced turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. After treatment with the integrated system, turbidity decreased from 35.3 NTU to 8.7 NTU, and chlorophyll-a removal reached 69.6 %. Therefore, the integration of fibers and aeration offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to addressing the limitations of traditional floating constructed wetlands, enhancing pollutant removal capacity and supporting long-term system stability.
{"title":"Enhanced treatment and algal suppression of floating constructed wetland integrated with artificial fiber and aeration","authors":"Yaoping Chen , Jiahao Sun , Lina Zhang , Xiaoyang Chen , Yanfei Xu , Yongchun Chen , Lee-Hyung Kim , Youngchul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Considering the stagnant hydrodynamics and limited oxygen transfer characteristic of isolated or partially isolated aquatic systems, as well as the low oxygen flux and inadequate microbial attachment surfaces in traditional floating wetlands, three configurations of floating constructed wetlands were developed: (1) plant-only system, (2) plant-fiber matrix system, and (3) plant-fiber-aeration integrated system. The plant–fiber–aeration integrated system exhibited superior removal efficiencies for BOD₅ (67.4 %), TN (70.7 %), and TP (61.7 %) compared to the plant-based and plant–fiber matrix systems at the reactive equilibrium. Despite of the influent fluctuation and seasonal change, the integrated system consistently maintained better effluent quality and highest pollutant removal rate. Furthermore, aeration significantly reduced turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. After treatment with the integrated system, turbidity decreased from 35.3 NTU to 8.7 NTU, and chlorophyll-a removal reached 69.6 %. Therefore, the integration of fibers and aeration offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to addressing the limitations of traditional floating constructed wetlands, enhancing pollutant removal capacity and supporting long-term system stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107853"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107843
Byeonggil Choi, GunHyung Kwon, Heesol Chang, Solji Lee
This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the soil at a planned Gyeonggi provincial garden located on a reclaimed landfill site before the garden's construction in Ansan, South Korea. To assess the soil status of Gyeonggi provincial garden for 19 soil variables, we compared it to reference urban parks and urban forests throughout Gyeonggi Province. Multivariate analysis using PERMANOVA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed clear differences in soil properties among the three land-use types (garden, parks, and forest), with the garden soils showing significantly higher bulk density (1.38 g cm−3 vs. 1.20 g cm−3 in forests), sand content, pH (8.13 vs. 5.85 in parks), and EC, but lower porosity, organic matter(OM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP)(P < 0.05). In addition, environmental vector fitting (envfit) identified six key variables (pH, EC, AP, Ca2+, Mg2+, and sand content) as primary drivers of soil variation across sites (R2 > 0.3, P < 0.05). The soils at the garden site exhibited physical constraints (compaction, low porosity) and chemical limitations (alkalinity, nutrient imbalance) indicative of limited suitability for immediate planting. These results suggested the need for soil remediation strategies before garden construction, including the use of organic amendments and pH management, as well as drainage planning to address localized waterlogging.
本研究评估了韩国安山市一个规划中的京畿道花园的土壤物理和化学性质，该花园位于一个回收的垃圾填埋场，在花园建设之前。为了评价京畿道园林的土壤状况，我们将19个土壤变量与京畿道的参考城市公园和城市森林进行了比较。利用PERMANOVA和主坐标分析（PCoA）的多变量分析显示，3种土地利用类型（园林、公园和森林）土壤性质存在明显差异，园林土壤的容重（1.38 g cm−3 vs. 1.20 g cm−3）、含沙量、pH （8.13 vs. 5.85）和EC显著较高，但孔隙度、有机质（OM）、全氮（TN）和速效磷（AP）较低（P < 0.05）。此外，环境向量拟合（envfit）确定了6个关键变量（pH、EC、AP、Ca2+、Mg2+和沙粒含量）是各站点土壤变化的主要驱动因素（R2 > 0.3, P < 0.05）。园地土壤表现出物理限制（压实、低孔隙度）和化学限制（碱度、养分不平衡），表明不适合立即种植。这些结果表明，在园林建设之前需要采取土壤修复策略，包括使用有机改进剂和pH管理，以及排水规划来解决局部内涝问题。
{"title":"Soil constraints and ecological restoration planning for a proposed urban garden on a reclaimed landfill in South Korea","authors":"Byeonggil Choi, GunHyung Kwon, Heesol Chang, Solji Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the physical and chemical properties of the soil at a planned Gyeonggi provincial garden located on a reclaimed landfill site before the garden's construction in Ansan, South Korea. To assess the soil status of Gyeonggi provincial garden for 19 soil variables, we compared it to reference urban parks and urban forests throughout Gyeonggi Province. Multivariate analysis using PERMANOVA and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed clear differences in soil properties among the three land-use types (garden, parks, and forest), with the garden soils showing significantly higher bulk density (1.38 g cm<sup>−3</sup> vs. 1.20 g cm<sup>−3</sup> in forests), sand content, pH (8.13 vs. 5.85 in parks), and EC, but lower porosity, organic matter(OM), total nitrogen (TN), and available phosphorus (AP)(<em>P</em> < 0.05). In addition, environmental vector fitting (envfit) identified six key variables (pH, EC, AP, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, and sand content) as primary drivers of soil variation across sites (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.3, <em>P</em> < 0.05). The soils at the garden site exhibited physical constraints (compaction, low porosity) and chemical limitations (alkalinity, nutrient imbalance) indicative of limited suitability for immediate planting. These results suggested the need for soil remediation strategies before garden construction, including the use of organic amendments and pH management, as well as drainage planning to address localized waterlogging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107843"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107849
Elina Niemelä , Petra Korhonen , Hannu Marttila , Markus Saari , Katri Kattilakoski , Heini Postila
Iron (Fe) concentrations in boreal surface waters have increased since the 1990s. This phenomenon is driven by land use, particularly in black schist, acid sulfate soil and peatland areas. This increase has impaired water quality. We developed a catchment scale approach to improve identification of areas where Fe leaching occurs. High-resolution surface runoff modelling combined with spatial sampling proved to be a good method for identifying the main Fe leaching areas. In the Jäälinjärvi catchment, Finland, spatial analysis showed that Fe leaching is linked to peatland drainage and black schist zones. Undrained peatlands areas had measurably smaller concentrations, indicating their potential to buffer Fe leaching. We also assessed Fe retention efficiency in various nature-based water treatment solutions (constructed wetland (CW), settling basin (SB), vortex settling basin (VSB) and wood bundles (WB)) and examined how water properties influence Fe processes. Fe retention was generally weak. Only 3.5 ha SB showed significant removal (total 14 %, dissolved 33 %). Weak Fe removal may be due to short retention and contact time in water treatment solutions as most Fe was in a dissolved form. Additionally, water chemistry can have a major impact in sites with a low pH (5.90–6.16), which inhibits Fe oxidation. Low redox potential (ORP < 100 mV) indicated a possible microbial reduction of Fe(III). Current water treatment solutions offer limited Fe retention under low-pH and humus-rich conditions, which highlights the importance of preventing iron leaching by minimizing land use activities such as peatland drainage.
{"title":"Boreal peatland forestry dominated catchment iron leaching and the possibilities for mitigating it","authors":"Elina Niemelä , Petra Korhonen , Hannu Marttila , Markus Saari , Katri Kattilakoski , Heini Postila","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) concentrations in boreal surface waters have increased since the 1990s. This phenomenon is driven by land use, particularly in black schist, acid sulfate soil and peatland areas. This increase has impaired water quality. We developed a catchment scale approach to improve identification of areas where Fe leaching occurs. High-resolution surface runoff modelling combined with spatial sampling proved to be a good method for identifying the main Fe leaching areas. In the Jäälinjärvi catchment, Finland, spatial analysis showed that Fe leaching is linked to peatland drainage and black schist zones. Undrained peatlands areas had measurably smaller concentrations, indicating their potential to buffer Fe leaching. We also assessed Fe retention efficiency in various nature-based water treatment solutions (constructed wetland (CW), settling basin (SB), vortex settling basin (VSB) and wood bundles (WB)) and examined how water properties influence Fe processes. Fe retention was generally weak. Only 3.5 ha SB showed significant removal (total 14 %, dissolved 33 %). Weak Fe removal may be due to short retention and contact time in water treatment solutions as most Fe was in a dissolved form. Additionally, water chemistry can have a major impact in sites with a low pH (5.90–6.16), which inhibits Fe oxidation. Low redox potential (ORP < 100 mV) indicated a possible microbial reduction of Fe(III). Current water treatment solutions offer limited Fe retention under low-pH and humus-rich conditions, which highlights the importance of preventing iron leaching by minimizing land use activities such as peatland drainage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107849"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107846
Xuemei Bai , Wende Chen , Fei Li , Zhiyuan Bu , Qiang Dai , Junchao Dai
Research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services (ESs) and their driving mechanisms is critical to human well-being. This study presents an integrated assessment of the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of ESs in the eastern Tibetan Plateau using an InVEST–XGBoost–LightGBM analytical framework. The research procedure is conducted as follows: Firstly, we apply the InVEST model to estimate four ES indicators—Carbon Storage (CS), Habitat Quality (HQ), Soil Conservation (SC), and Water Yield (WY). Secondly, Spearman correlation analysis is used to examine pairwise linear relationships between ESs and 14 variables across four dimensions: meteorological conditions, human disturbance, and natural environment. Finally, we integrate the XGBoost and LightGBM models to quantify the contribution of nine driving factors to five ESs (CS, HQ, SC, WY, and NPP) and compare the temporal changes in factor importance to reveal spatiotemporal dynamics in driving mechanisms. The results show that climatic factors are the dominant drivers over the 30-year period: temperature is the primary factor influencing CS, HQ, SC, and NPP, while precipitation is the main driver of WY. Our study extends the application of GBDT–SHAP methods in plateau ecosystem research and provides a scientific reference for designing local ecosystem restoration strategies.
{"title":"An explainable InVEST-XGB-LGB fusion model to inform ecosystem restoration: Deciphering long-term trade-offs and drivers of ecosystem services in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Xuemei Bai , Wende Chen , Fei Li , Zhiyuan Bu , Qiang Dai , Junchao Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on the spatiotemporal evolution of ecosystem services (ESs) and their driving mechanisms is critical to human well-being. This study presents an integrated assessment of the spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of ESs in the eastern Tibetan Plateau using an InVEST–XGBoost–LightGBM analytical framework. The research procedure is conducted as follows: Firstly, we apply the InVEST model to estimate four ES indicators—Carbon Storage (CS), Habitat Quality (HQ), Soil Conservation (SC), and Water Yield (WY). Secondly, Spearman correlation analysis is used to examine pairwise linear relationships between ESs and 14 variables across four dimensions: meteorological conditions, human disturbance, and natural environment. Finally, we integrate the XGBoost and LightGBM models to quantify the contribution of nine driving factors to five ESs (CS, HQ, SC, WY, and NPP) and compare the temporal changes in factor importance to reveal spatiotemporal dynamics in driving mechanisms. The results show that climatic factors are the dominant drivers over the 30-year period: temperature is the primary factor influencing CS, HQ, SC, and NPP, while precipitation is the main driver of WY. Our study extends the application of GBDT–SHAP methods in plateau ecosystem research and provides a scientific reference for designing local ecosystem restoration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107846"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107847
Xiaolong Lan , Wenjie Lin , Jiaqi Li , Yin Li , Yaqi Zhao , Yili Gan , Yanlong Jia , Zengping Ning , Tangfu Xiao , Enzong Xiao
Ecological restoration is a recognized sustainable strategy for remediating mine-impacted soils. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding the long-term, field-validated efficacy of synergistic multi-component amendments. This two-year field study investigated the combined effects of various multi-component amendments, organic compost (O), lime with organic compost (OL), OL fortified with ferric chloride (OLF), and OL supplemented with potassium permanganate (OLP), alongside Vetiveria zizanoides (V. zizanoides) cultivation, on soil quality and multi-heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, As) bioavailability in a tungsten mine wasteland. Results revealed that the rhizosphere of V. zizanoides significantly enhanced soil quality, evidenced by increased soil pH, available nitrogen and phosphorus, enzyme activities, and microbial abundance. Amendment applications further enhanced soil quality and effectively curtailed heavy metal accumulation in V. zizanoides. Notably, the OLF treatment demonstrated superior efficacy, reducing plant accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn by 66.5 %, 66.5 %, 69.4 %, 39.6 %, 52.7 %, and 72.4 %, respectively. Random forest analysis identified amendment-induced increases in soil pH, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase activity, and fungal abundance as pivotal mechanisms for mitigating heavy metal bioavailability. These findings offer crucial insights and practical guidance for optimizing ecological restoration of mine wastelands with complex heavy metal contamination.
{"title":"Synergistic effects of amendments and Vetiveria zizanoides on soil quality and heavy metal bioavailability in a historical mine site: A 2-year field evaluation","authors":"Xiaolong Lan , Wenjie Lin , Jiaqi Li , Yin Li , Yaqi Zhao , Yili Gan , Yanlong Jia , Zengping Ning , Tangfu Xiao , Enzong Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration is a recognized sustainable strategy for remediating mine-impacted soils. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding the long-term, field-validated efficacy of synergistic multi-component amendments. This two-year field study investigated the combined effects of various multi-component amendments, organic compost (O), lime with organic compost (OL), OL fortified with ferric chloride (OLF), and OL supplemented with potassium permanganate (OLP), alongside <em>Vetiveria zizanoides</em> (<em>V. zizanoides</em>) cultivation, on soil quality and multi-heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, As) bioavailability in a tungsten mine wasteland. Results revealed that the rhizosphere of <em>V. zizanoides</em> significantly enhanced soil quality, evidenced by increased soil pH, available nitrogen and phosphorus, enzyme activities, and microbial abundance. Amendment applications further enhanced soil quality and effectively curtailed heavy metal accumulation in <em>V. zizanoides</em>. Notably, the OLF treatment demonstrated superior efficacy, reducing plant accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn by 66.5 %, 66.5 %, 69.4 %, 39.6 %, 52.7 %, and 72.4 %, respectively. Random forest analysis identified amendment-induced increases in soil pH, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase activity, and fungal abundance as pivotal mechanisms for mitigating heavy metal bioavailability. These findings offer crucial insights and practical guidance for optimizing ecological restoration of mine wastelands with complex heavy metal contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107847"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-05DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107840
Tian Lin , Jia Niu , Weipeng Zhou , Huanlong Bai , Lihong Chen
The subtropical climate offers optimal conditions for the proliferation of wetland vegetation in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). However, the synergistic interactions between the biomass accumulation of Phragmites australis and the efficiency of pollutant removal during advanced tailwater treatment remain inadequately elucidated. This study established two VFCWs systems (gravel-based versus zeolite-based) and developed a regional allometric growth model that integrates plant height (H), basal diameter (D), and biomass parameters. This model was coupled with organ-scale (leaves/stems) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) analysis to quantify plant-substrate coupling dynamics. Key findings include: (1) P. australis biomass exhibited significant seasonal dynamics, with both aboveground and organ-specific biomass demonstrating a notable initial increase followed by a decline (P < 0.05), reaching peak values in November across both VFCWs systems. (2) there were significant substrate-dependent growth variations, with the gravel group producing substantially higher leaf biomass (P < 0.05) and significantly greater total aboveground biomass (P < 0.01) compared to the zeolite group. (3) although leaf and stem N/P concentrations displayed coordinated temporal patterns without significant inter-organ differences, biomass variability emerged as the primary factor influencing aboveground N and P accumulation. (4) quantitative analysis revealed that the gravel group achieved superior plant nutrient sequestration, with P. australis accounted for 29.1 % (N) and 24.7 % (P) of total system removal, surpassing those in the zeolite group (16.2 % N, 16.8 % P). These finding collectively indicate that neutral-pH substrates optimally facilitate both biomass accumulation and contaminant removal efficiency, thereby enhancing the long-term operational performance of VFCWs in subtropical regions. This provides essential theoretical foundations and practical engineering value for the optimized design and management of CWs in the area
{"title":"Substrate-enhanced allometric growth of Phragmites australis improved tailwater purification efficiency in constructed wetlands","authors":"Tian Lin , Jia Niu , Weipeng Zhou , Huanlong Bai , Lihong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The subtropical climate offers optimal conditions for the proliferation of wetland vegetation in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs). However, the synergistic interactions between the biomass accumulation of <em>Phragmites australis</em> and the efficiency of pollutant removal during advanced tailwater treatment remain inadequately elucidated. This study established two VFCWs systems (gravel-based versus zeolite-based) and developed a regional allometric growth model that integrates plant height (H), basal diameter (D), and biomass parameters. This model was coupled with organ-scale (leaves/stems) nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) analysis to quantify plant-substrate coupling dynamics. Key findings include: (1) <em>P. australis</em> biomass exhibited significant seasonal dynamics, with both aboveground and organ-specific biomass demonstrating a notable initial increase followed by a decline (<em>P</em> < 0.05), reaching peak values in November across both VFCWs systems. (2) there were significant substrate-dependent growth variations, with the gravel group producing substantially higher leaf biomass (<em>P</em> < 0.05) and significantly greater total aboveground biomass (<em>P</em> < 0.01) compared to the zeolite group. (3) although leaf and stem N/P concentrations displayed coordinated temporal patterns without significant inter-organ differences, biomass variability emerged as the primary factor influencing aboveground N and P accumulation. (4) quantitative analysis revealed that the gravel group achieved superior plant nutrient sequestration, with <em>P. australis</em> accounted for 29.1 % (N) and 24.7 % (P) of total system removal, surpassing those in the zeolite group (16.2 % N, 16.8 % P). These finding collectively indicate that neutral-pH substrates optimally facilitate both biomass accumulation and contaminant removal efficiency, thereby enhancing the long-term operational performance of VFCWs in subtropical regions. This provides essential theoretical foundations and practical engineering value for the optimized design and management of CWs in the area</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107840"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107845
Niu Li , Jianqing Zhou , Chengchai Zhang , Yaoyao Tang , Ming Wu , Xuexin Shao , Peipei Cao , Youzheng Zhang , Long Zhang
Alpine wetlands serve as critical nitrogen (N) sinks, yet their stability is threatened by intensified drying–rewetting cycles under climate change. How hydrological restoration modulates coupled N loss pathways in these spatially heterogeneous systems remains unclear. In a before-after restoration experiment, we combined 15N-tracer incubations to quantify shifts in denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) across distinct hydrological zones. Rewetting sharply suppressed denitrification—reducing rates in upstream soils by up to 96 %—but enhanced anammox activity by up to 2.3-fold, with the strongest responses in hydrologically exposed upstream and downstream zones. These contrasting pathways were driven by zone-specific changes in soil moisture, salinity, and NH4+ availability, alongside pronounced microbial restructuring, including increased co-occurrence network complexity and shifts in keystone taxa. Structural equation models revealed that denitrification was positively regulated by salinity and microbial composition, whereas anammox was promoted by NH4+ and TC. Our results show that hydrological restoration selectively reconfigures N loss processes, favoring greenhouse gas-free anammox to sustain N removal under hydrological instability. This provides a mechanistic framework for designing zone-specific strategieses to enhance alpine wetland resilience.
{"title":"Hydrological restoration reshapes nitrogen cycling in alpine wetlands: Contrasting denitrification and anammox responses to rewetting","authors":"Niu Li , Jianqing Zhou , Chengchai Zhang , Yaoyao Tang , Ming Wu , Xuexin Shao , Peipei Cao , Youzheng Zhang , Long Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine wetlands serve as critical nitrogen (N) sinks, yet their stability is threatened by intensified drying–rewetting cycles under climate change. How hydrological restoration modulates coupled N loss pathways in these spatially heterogeneous systems remains unclear. In a before-after restoration experiment, we combined <sup>15</sup>N-tracer incubations to quantify shifts in denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) across distinct hydrological zones. Rewetting sharply suppressed denitrification—reducing rates in upstream soils by up to 96 %—but enhanced anammox activity by up to 2.3-fold, with the strongest responses in hydrologically exposed upstream and downstream zones. These contrasting pathways were driven by zone-specific changes in soil moisture, salinity, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> availability, alongside pronounced microbial restructuring, including increased co-occurrence network complexity and shifts in keystone taxa. Structural equation models revealed that denitrification was positively regulated by salinity and microbial composition, whereas anammox was promoted by NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and TC. Our results show that hydrological restoration selectively reconfigures N loss processes, favoring greenhouse gas-free anammox to sustain N removal under hydrological instability. This provides a mechanistic framework for designing zone-specific strategieses to enhance alpine wetland resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107844
Xiaojing Liu , Yan Wang , Yingying Zhang , Hongzhou Zhang , Haiqin Liu , Qing Zhou , Xuezheng Wen , Zhiyong Zhang
Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are worldwide environmental challenges threatening sustainable agriculture. While eco-ditches are known to control NPS pollution, their role in simultaneously mitigating GHG emissions remains poorly quantified. This study aimed to elucidate the dual role of eco-ditches in reducing both NPS pollution and GHG emissions from farmland effluents. Here, a novel eco-ditch has been constructed in combination with a dual-layered vegetation and two distinct engineered biofilm carriers to assess the nitrogen removal efficiency, unravel the spatiotemporal variations of emission fluxes of GHGs, and elucidate the nitrogen metabolism pathway. The average removal efficiency of NO3−-N, NO2−-N, NH4+-N, and TN were 37.8 %, 8.2 %, 23.7 %, and 28.7 %, respectively. Among the species tested, Acorus calamus exhibited the lowest global warming potential (GWP) (47.68–97.77 mg CO2-eq m−2 h−1). This finding highlights its significant role in mitigating GHG emissions from eco-ditch systems compared to Vallisneria spiralls (45.35–151.29 mg CO2-eq m−2 h−1) and the blank control (42.22–138.63 mg CO2-eq m−2 h−1). Additionally, GHG emissions in this study were significantly correlated with functional microorganisms in water, stone filter, and biological stuffing samples (Mantel's p < 0.05). Nitrogen is usually removed and fixed by a series of microbial processes and plant uptake. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of eco-ditches to advance sustainable agriculture, enhance regional water quality, and mitigate climate change, thereby providing a strong scientific basis for their large-scale adoption.
{"title":"Nitrogen removal from farmland effluents through novel eco-ditch system: Performance and mechanism","authors":"Xiaojing Liu , Yan Wang , Yingying Zhang , Hongzhou Zhang , Haiqin Liu , Qing Zhou , Xuezheng Wen , Zhiyong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are worldwide environmental challenges threatening sustainable agriculture. While eco-ditches are known to control NPS pollution, their role in simultaneously mitigating GHG emissions remains poorly quantified. This study aimed to elucidate the dual role of eco-ditches in reducing both NPS pollution and GHG emissions from farmland effluents. Here, a novel eco-ditch has been constructed in combination with a dual-layered vegetation and two distinct engineered biofilm carriers to assess the nitrogen removal efficiency, unravel the spatiotemporal variations of emission fluxes of GHGs, and elucidate the nitrogen metabolism pathway. The average removal efficiency of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>-N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, and TN were 37.8 %, 8.2 %, 23.7 %, and 28.7 %, respectively. Among the species tested, <em>Acorus calamus</em> exhibited the lowest global warming potential (GWP) (47.68–97.77 mg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>). This finding highlights its significant role in mitigating GHG emissions from eco-ditch systems compared to <em>Vallisneria spiralls</em> (45.35–151.29 mg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) and the blank control (42.22–138.63 mg CO<sub>2-eq</sub> m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>). Additionally, GHG emissions in this study were significantly correlated with functional microorganisms in water, stone filter, and biological stuffing samples (Mantel's <em>p</em> < 0.05). Nitrogen is usually removed and fixed by a series of microbial processes and plant uptake. These findings demonstrate the significant potential of eco-ditches to advance sustainable agriculture, enhance regional water quality, and mitigate climate change, thereby providing a strong scientific basis for their large-scale adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107844"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107842
Shuang Song , Shaohan Wang , Jia Du , Xuanhe Zhang
Ecological restoration practices in karst areas often lack systematic spatial analysis and refined zoning guidance, resulting in a spatial mismatch between restoration measures and ecological processes that hinders regional eco-economic coordinated development. Taking Guizhou Province, China, as the study area, this study addresses two core challenges: quantifying karst-specific ecological resistance and establishing resilience-oriented restoration zoning for ecological networks. It innovatively proposes the fracture-modified minimum cumulative resistance (FM-MCR) model. By coupling the fracture density index (FDI) and the fracture hydraulic conductivity index (FHC), this model constructs a nonlinear coupling function to quantify the three-dimensional ecological resistance mechanism, and combines an improved ant colony algorithm to achieve accurate extraction of ecological networks. In addition, breaking through the single connectivity assessment framework, this study establishes a three-dimensional ecological network resilience assessment system that integrates “source restoration-corridor adaptability-network resistance.” Using source Thiessen polygons as basic units, differentiated restoration zones were identified via an optimized K-means clustering algorithm. Results showed that the ecological network comprised 146 sources covering 9277.76 km2 and 832 corridors averaging 30.924 km in length. Network resilience exhibited a southeast-high, northwest-low spatial pattern. The Miao Ling-Wu River region in the southeast formed a high-resilience barrier due to intact forest cover, while the Beipan River Canyon in the southwest faced corridor fragmentation risks under dual pressures of karst vulnerability and human activities. Four restoration zones were identified: core conservation zone (15.72 %), corridor optimization zone (23.36 %), network resilience reconstruction zone (34.75 %), and comprehensive restoration zone (26.17 %), with targeted recommendations proposed. This research provides spatially-targeted solutions for coordinating karst ecological restoration with sustainable development goals (SDGs), and its methodology holds transferable value for ecological network construction in globally fractured regions.
{"title":"Karst restoration zoning based on fracture-modified minimum cumulative resistance model and ecological network resilience assessment: A case study in Guizhou, China","authors":"Shuang Song , Shaohan Wang , Jia Du , Xuanhe Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration practices in karst areas often lack systematic spatial analysis and refined zoning guidance, resulting in a spatial mismatch between restoration measures and ecological processes that hinders regional eco-economic coordinated development. Taking Guizhou Province, China, as the study area, this study addresses two core challenges: quantifying karst-specific ecological resistance and establishing resilience-oriented restoration zoning for ecological networks. It innovatively proposes the fracture-modified minimum cumulative resistance (FM-MCR) model. By coupling the fracture density index (FDI) and the fracture hydraulic conductivity index (FHC), this model constructs a nonlinear coupling function to quantify the three-dimensional ecological resistance mechanism, and combines an improved ant colony algorithm to achieve accurate extraction of ecological networks. In addition, breaking through the single connectivity assessment framework, this study establishes a three-dimensional ecological network resilience assessment system that integrates “source restoration-corridor adaptability-network resistance.” Using source Thiessen polygons as basic units, differentiated restoration zones were identified via an optimized K-means clustering algorithm. Results showed that the ecological network comprised 146 sources covering 9277.76 km<sup>2</sup> and 832 corridors averaging 30.924 km in length. Network resilience exhibited a southeast-high, northwest-low spatial pattern. The Miao Ling-Wu River region in the southeast formed a high-resilience barrier due to intact forest cover, while the Beipan River Canyon in the southwest faced corridor fragmentation risks under dual pressures of karst vulnerability and human activities. Four restoration zones were identified: core conservation zone (15.72 %), corridor optimization zone (23.36 %), network resilience reconstruction zone (34.75 %), and comprehensive restoration zone (26.17 %), with targeted recommendations proposed. This research provides spatially-targeted solutions for coordinating karst ecological restoration with sustainable development goals (SDGs), and its methodology holds transferable value for ecological network construction in globally fractured regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107842"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107841
R. Andrew Tirpak , Claire Weldon , Jay D. Dorsey , Kathleen M. Fast , Haley Jenkins , Jennifer Grieser , Ryan J. Winston
Bioretention cells are a popular approach to manage urban runoff, yet few studies have compared the role of plant selection and design features on performance in systems treating similar catchments. Four bioretention cells with varied planting palettes and loading ratios (i.e., ratio of drainage area to cell surface area) treating runoff from a 1.3 ha parking lot in Cleveland, Ohio, USA were monitored for 11 months following construction. While mean concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) were effectively reduced (by 50–83 %), elevated nutrient (i.e., N and P) concentrations were often observed in the effluent, indicative of leaching of organics from compost in the bioretention media. While concentrations of most metals were reduced or unchanged from relatively low concentrations in influent runoff, higher concentrations of metals known to associate with organic material (e.g., Cu) in the effluent from all cells supported this hypothesis. No significant seasonal differences in runoff reduction performance for any of the bioretention cells were observed, suggesting that volume reduction via evapotranspiration was far exceeded by exfiltration from the oversized cells. While runoff volumes were substantially reduced by three bioretention cells, effluent volumes exceeded influent runoff at the fourth, lowest-lying cell (Tree cell). Suspected interactions with the local groundwater table were confirmed through field assessment of the soil profile after the completion of the study, where redoximorphic features were observed immediately below the underdrain. Findings highlight the trends in bioretention performance after construction until readily leachable material has been washed from the media layer, the critical importance of material sourcing for bioretention media blends, and the implications of groundwater interactions on bioretention function and ultimately receiving waters.
{"title":"Addressing risks to bioretention performance: The potential for pollutant leaching and groundwater interactions to overshadow design features","authors":"R. Andrew Tirpak , Claire Weldon , Jay D. Dorsey , Kathleen M. Fast , Haley Jenkins , Jennifer Grieser , Ryan J. Winston","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107841","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107841","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioretention cells are a popular approach to manage urban runoff, yet few studies have compared the role of plant selection and design features on performance in systems treating similar catchments. Four bioretention cells with varied planting palettes and loading ratios (i.e., ratio of drainage area to cell surface area) treating runoff from a 1.3 ha parking lot in Cleveland, Ohio, USA were monitored for 11 months following construction. While mean concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS) were effectively reduced (by 50–83 %), elevated nutrient (i.e., N and P) concentrations were often observed in the effluent, indicative of leaching of organics from compost in the bioretention media. While concentrations of most metals were reduced or unchanged from relatively low concentrations in influent runoff, higher concentrations of metals known to associate with organic material (e.g., Cu) in the effluent from all cells supported this hypothesis. No significant seasonal differences in runoff reduction performance for any of the bioretention cells were observed, suggesting that volume reduction via evapotranspiration was far exceeded by exfiltration from the oversized cells. While runoff volumes were substantially reduced by three bioretention cells, effluent volumes exceeded influent runoff at the fourth, lowest-lying cell (Tree cell). Suspected interactions with the local groundwater table were confirmed through field assessment of the soil profile after the completion of the study, where redoximorphic features were observed immediately below the underdrain. Findings highlight the trends in bioretention performance after construction until readily leachable material has been washed from the media layer, the critical importance of material sourcing for bioretention media blends, and the implications of groundwater interactions on bioretention function and ultimately receiving waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107841"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145413153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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