Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Effects of typical ecological drainage ditches on nitrogen reduction under different slope conditions","authors":"Weili Duan ,&nbsp;Yuguo Han ,&nbsp;Yunfei Tan ,&nbsp;Senpei Xiao ,&nbsp;Jinbao Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107888","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107888","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological drainage ditches function not only as conduits for surface runoff but also as effective measures for reducing nutrient loads, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, and are therefore widely applied in mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. Slope is a critical factor influencing nitrogen removal, as it regulates flow velocity and hydraulic retention time, both of which govern nutrient transport and biogeochemical reaction. Despite this importance, the effects of slope on nitrogen removal performance in drainage ditches remain insufficiently investigated. In this study, three types of ecological drainage ditches—concrete-pier porous-brick (ED1), vegetated porous-brick (ED2), and sod-lined gravel–sand–soil ditches (ED3)—were evaluated, with a conventional concrete ditch (CD) serving as a control. Field scouring experiments were conducted under three slope gradients (1°, 5°, and 9°), representing gentle, moderate, and steep conditions, with two flow rates (70 and 140 L·min⁻¹) applied to assess nitrogen removal efficiency under different hydraulic regimes. Results showed that slope markedly affected TN removal efficiency, with distinct responses across ditch types. ED2 was the most sensitive to slope changes, with its TN removal efficiency decreasing by 15.8 % as slope increased from 1° to 9°. In comparison, TN removal efficiency declined by 14.0 % in ED3 and by only 3.7 % in ED1. Notably, ED3 maintained relatively stable TN removal efficiency across slope gradients while sustaining a high overall level of removal. Functional priorities of ditches varied with slope conditions: gentle slopes favored nutrient removal, moderate slopes necessitated a balance between water conveyance and nutrient removal, and steep slopes emphasized water conveyance supplemented by localized ecological interventions. These findings underscore the importance of aligning ditch types with slope conditions, thereby optimizing ecological engineering strategies for agricultural non-point source pollution control and improving regional water quality to support agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107888"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of short-distance fishway and their influence on fish upstream migration behavior","authors":"Wei Yang ,&nbsp;Liwei Tan ,&nbsp;Xianbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuan Che ,&nbsp;Ziyue Zhu ,&nbsp;Geng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107889","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107889","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fishways are essential infrastructure for restoring river connectivity, yet their performance is often limited by the low passage efficiency. In this study, we designed a novel short-distance fishway (SF) and applied Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyze its hydrodynamic characteristics. Fishway experiments, combined with image recognition techniques, were conducted to investigate fish swimming behavior within the passage. The results showed that SF effectively reduces flow velocity through water-body collision, achieving higher energy dissipation efficiency compared to traditional vertical-slot fishway (VSF) that rely on wall-induced recirculation. Furthermore, we found fish ascend the passage by alternating between bursting and gliding along an approximately linear swimming trajectory, utilizing zones of low velocity and turbulence at the rear edge of the flow split for intermittent resting. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of fish locomotion in artificial flow conditions and highlights the ecological potential of SF as an effective solution for restoring river connectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107889"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting suitable habitats and carbon storage potential of mangroves: A case study in Zhanjiang, China","authors":"Zeyu Lin ,&nbsp;Wenxiao Su ,&nbsp;Xiaowei Cui ,&nbsp;Long Wei ,&nbsp;Jianxiang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon emissions are one of the important factors leading to the climate crisis, and mangroves play an important role in enhancing carbon sink. However, predicting suitable growth areas for mangroves and assessing their carbon sink potential remains a scientific challenge. Based on this, we developed an integrated analytical framework, that combines the MaxEnt model, spatial autocorrelation analysis, Geodetector, and InVEST model. This framework was used to investigate the mangrove distribution patterns, the influence of environmental factors on their suitable habitats, and carbon storage characteristics. The total area of highly suitable mangrove habitat was 139.9 km², exhibiting significant spatial clustering characteristics, with high-suitability regions showing pronounced aggregation (Moran's <em>I</em> = 0.773). Habitat suitability was strongly influenced by the single factor of topographic factor (DEM contribution rate: 44.2 %); precipitation emerges as the central interactive factor, exhibiting strong synergistic relationships with potential evapotranspiration (q = 0.91), temperature (q = 0.87), and leaf area index (q = 0.85), collectively shaping ecological suitability; although topographic and climatic factors primarily govern habitat suitability, carbon storage analysis highlighted Gaoqiao town in the northwest as a priority area for mangrove expansion, owing to its high carbon storage potential (30.1 %). This study provides multidimensional decision-making support for precision restoration of coastal wetlands and implementation of carbon neutrality strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107881"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Everglades water quality recovery model","authors":"Robert Kadlec ,&nbsp;John Juston","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Little is known of recovery times for nutrient impacted wetlands when excess inputs are removed. Here we model 35-years of water quality phosphorus (P) data from a well-studied eutrophication gradient in the northern Everglades after ∼80 % reduction in inflow P loads and inflow P concentrations now reduced to 10–18 μg/L. The new Everglades Water Quality Recovery Model (EWQRM) is parsimonious, process-informed, simulates longitudinal internal P profiles at annual scale, and operates in two modes. In ‘idling mode’, the model approximates annual average profiles in internal P loading rates (iPLR) using P samples collected under no-flow conditions (following recent developments). In ‘operational’ mode, it calibrates P settling rates (k-values) to P profiles measured under flows based on inflow rates, concentrations and the estimated iPLR gradients (R² = 0.6–0.9). Internal load estimates (from idling mode) indicated gradually decreasing return fluxes in severely impacted inflow regions from ∼3 g/m²-yr in the late 1990's to &lt;0.5 in recent years. Calibrated settling rates (from operational mode) showed strong correlation with hydraulic loading rates (R² = 0.83). There was no apparent ‘leaking’ of elevated water P from impacted to downstream ‘native’ regions over time. However, there is an increasingly clear signature of internal P loading on marsh P concentrations in already impacted regions as inflow P loads decreased over time. Projections indicate a + 25-year timeframe for continued relaxation of iPLR to achieve 10 μg/L water P levels in impacted regions, resulting in a net recovery timeframe to near-native water quality of ∼50 years after input reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107880"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to minimize greenhouse gas emissions in Sphagnum re-vegetation areas - the role of topsoil removal","authors":"Caroline Daun,&nbsp;Greta Gaudig,&nbsp;Vytas Huth,&nbsp;Matthias Krebs,&nbsp;Gerald Jurasinski","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drained peatlands are major sources of greenhouse gases (GHG). To counteract this effect, drained peatlands must be rewetted. Rewetted peatlands can be left to their own devices (wilderness development/restoration) or continued to be used for agriculture (= paludiculture). <em>Sphagnum</em> is a key genus for bog restoration and paludiculture on bogs. For successful <em>Sphagnum</em> establishment on rewetted bogs formerly used as grassland, it is recommended to remove the top layer of degraded peat. However, topsoil removal will cause additional GHG emissions and therefore should be minimized. In this study, we assess the climate effects of 30 cm and less topsoil removal on former bog grassland. For this, we measured GHG emissions with closed chambers where <em>Sphagnum</em> has been directly applied on the rewetted, mulched grassland (“Without topsoil removal” = TSR0) or on areas with topsoil removal of 5–10 cm (TSR5) and 30 cm (TSR30) depth. Over the entire study year, TSR5 and TSR30 were GHG sinks of −5.7 ± 1.2 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ and −4.5 ± 0.6 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ (in CO₂-eq), respectively. In contrast, TSR0 was a strong source of CH₄ resulting in a net GHG budget of 43.7 ± 7.4 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹ due to the rewetted topsoil being rich in labile organic compounds. With a share of 80 % <em>Sphagnum</em> fields, 5 % ditches and 15 % causeways in the whole system TSR5 would emit the least GHGs of 0.9 ± 1.2 t ha⁻¹ a⁻¹, because with less topsoil removal, the share of <em>Sphagnum</em> production fields can be increased. TSR5 would thus be the most climate-friendly and cost-effective approach for raised bog restoration and for <em>Sphagnum</em> paludiculture following drainage-based, agricultural use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107884"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing challenges in marine algal restoration: Lessons learned from 3D-printed structures on artificial reefs","authors":"Jacopo Cimini ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Meroni ,&nbsp;Mariachiara Chiantore ,&nbsp;Paolo Albicini ,&nbsp;Claudia Pezzilli ,&nbsp;Fulvia Melis ,&nbsp;Marc García-Durán Huet ,&nbsp;Laura Busquier ,&nbsp;Jayant Khanuja ,&nbsp;Sergio Rossi ,&nbsp;Nadia Fani ,&nbsp;Jan Andries Koopmans ,&nbsp;Valentina Asnaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the last three decades, an increasing number of man-made marine hard defence structures have been built as a rapid and cost-effective means of coastal protection. The idea of integrating ecological principles into urban infrastructures is relatively new and challenging. Using coastal structures to host endangered species holds a significant promise for biodiversity conservation in coastal cities worldwide. Nevertheless, marine infrastructures provide unconventional substrates for benthic communities due to a lack of surface complexity, orientation, exposure, structure, and texture, affecting the recruitment, survival, and growth of organisms.</div><div>The main goal of the present study is to identify the best material and shape to enhance the attachment and growth of macroalgal forests (<em>i.e. Ericaria amentacea</em>) in such unconventional substrates, in order to investigate the potential of restoration on man-made defence structures applying the <em>ex-situ</em> restoration technique (outplanting of germlings cultured on tiles in the laboratory). The study area is located inside the partial protection zone of the Portofino Marine Protected Area (Liguria, Italy). In 2018, this area was strongly affected by a huge sea storm (Vaia storm) which boosted the construction of a protective breakwater. Specifically designed 3D-printed structures made of different sustainable materials (aragonite and beachsand) were used as supports for <em>E. amentacea</em> growing.</div><div>Beachsand-based 3D-printed structures outperform aragonite in supporting <em>E. amentacea</em> growth, both in terms of thallus length and percent cover. They also performed better than clay, the material commonly used for macroalgae <em>ex-situ</em> restoration on natural reefs. This material also supported long-term efficient cultures (over 30 % cover after 16 weeks in culture), boosting restoration success. Unfortunately, the deployment in the field was not possible due to fixing inconveniences, thus assessing restoration efficacy in the field remains a challenge for future studies. Aligning with the EU Nature Restoration Law requirements, our study is a step forward to the development of innovative, nature-based solutions for mitigating anthropogenic impacts on marine artificial ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107885"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145837120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and application investigation of a hybrid surface-subsurface flow constructed wetland for in-situ water purification in small-micro rivers","authors":"Acong Chen ,&nbsp;Yimei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhao ,&nbsp;Penghui Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Pan ,&nbsp;Yidi Chen ,&nbsp;Kunfeng Ye ,&nbsp;Mingjie Yang ,&nbsp;Yanchun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107882","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107882","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-micro rivers, characterized by low water volume, poor mobility, and limited self-purification capacity, face significant eutrophication risks from non-point source pollution. Conventional ex-situ treatment methods are often costly and maintenance-intensive. This study introduces an in-situ hybrid constructed wetland that combines surface flow and subsurface flow processes, utilizing the natural topography of small-micro rivers to enable multi-directional water movement without lifting facilities. After stable operation, microbial analysis indicated enrichment of functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, such as <em>Dechloromonas</em> (3.2–5.0 %) and <em>Hyphomicrobium</em> (1.0–1.7 %). The system achieved removal loads of 1.22 ± 0.13 g/(m²·d) for <span><math><msubsup><mi>NH</mi><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>−</mo><mi>N</mi></math></span> and 0.11 ± 0.02 g/(m²·d) for TP, significantly reducing eutrophication and enhancing self-purification capacity. Operationally, it requires no electricity or material consumption, with maintenance limited to periodic replanting of aquatic vegetation and substrate cleaning, resulting in low construction (approximately 820 CNY/m²) and operational costs. This approach provides an eco-friendly and economical solution for improving regional ecological health and offers practical guidance for rehabilitating similar small-micro water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107882"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of the senescence growth phase on the performance of treed bioretention cells","authors":"Jessica Dhami ,&nbsp;Caterina Valeo ,&nbsp;Jianxun He (Jennifer) ,&nbsp;Angus Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioretention cells vegetated with trees were studied to understand the changes in performance for mitigating stormwater quantities and qualities during the senescence period. Stormwater runoff simulations were conducted in a temperate climate for 1.1-, 1.5- and 2-year return period storm events applied to field-based treed bioretention cells planted with a mix of <em>Betula nigra</em>, <em>Betula nana</em>, and <em>Salix lutea</em> trees, and grassed bioretention cells planted with turf grass. Eighteen separate storm events (six for each return period) were applied at various times during the 2020 summer growth period starting with the onset of senescence in late August to early September through to abscission in early October. Changes in water quality and quantity performance were analyzed over the senescence period for several parameters including water volume retention, chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen (TN), total organic nitrogen (TON), total phosphorus (TP), orthophosphate, and total suspended solids (TSS) using non-parametric statistical tests. These were supported with additional analysis of daily evapotranspiration (ET) and antecedent moisture content (AMC). Correlations with the timing of senescence on the treed bioretention cell's performance were visible and significant (α = 0.05) over the testing period for water retention, TP, TN and orthophosphate. However, these results were not observed, or significant, for the grassed cell. The analysis showed that the treed cell's contribution to contaminant removal is highly correlated with changes in ET and AMC; whereas the grassed cell showed changes correlated only to AMC. This work demonstrates that the senescence period will lead to diminished water quantity retention and changes in nutrient retention and other stormwater contaminants from bioretention cells vegetated with trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107879"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of tidal channel tributaries with mainstem meander bends: Landform patterns to inform tidal marsh restoration design","authors":"W. Gregory Hood","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species recovery and coastal resilience programs are spending hundreds of millions of dollars on coastal habitat restoration, particularly for tidal marshes. Tidal channels are central to tidal marsh function, and fortunately quantitative design guidance is available for how many and what size tidal channels are appropriate for a marsh restoration footprint. But guidance on where those channels should be located within the restoration footprint and how the channel networks should be structured is more limited. Inappropriately locating new tidal channels could result in restoration failure, if the channels are not sustainable (i.e., fill with sediment) in their chosen locations. Using natural tidal landforms as a template for restoration design can help minimize the risk of channel design failure. Excavating 2nd- or higher-order channels will require making decisions on where channel tributaries should be located. To address this design issue, I examined three distinct tidal marsh systems (the Skagit Delta in Washington State, USA; Ochlockonee Bay in Florida; and Tubul-Raqui in Chile) for patterns in tidal tributary channel locations. The results indicate that tributary channels are randomly encountered along the mainstem channel for large channels, but for small channels they are disproportionately located on the concave banks of meander bends, and they are generally larger in these locations. Design of tidal channel networks that mimics natural landforms should accelerate restoration site maturation and development of maximal hydraulic and ecological function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107878"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic assembly and increased beta-diversity driven by turf stripping in alpine grasslands","authors":"Miroslav Zeidler ,&nbsp;Jan Šipoš ,&nbsp;Jan Černohorský ,&nbsp;Marek Banaš","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alpine and subalpine ecosystems in Central Europe represent refugia for cold-adapted and endemic species that have been significantly affected by climate change and atmospheric nitrogen deposition in recent decades. The abandonment of traditional agricultural practices has led to homogenization of plant communities and biodiversity decline. This study evaluates the ecological impacts of two short-term management interventions – repeated mowing and turf stripping - on alpine grassland communities affected by warming and nitrogen enrichment.</div><div>The research was conducted in a Central European mountain range on 30 plots divided into three groups: mowing (10 plots), turf stripping (10 plots), and control plots (10 plots). Mowing was conducted annually from 2018 to 2022, while turf stripping was performed once in 2018. Vegetation species composition was assessed in 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023. Soil and biomass were analysed, alpha and beta diversity were measured, and community assembly mechanisms were studied using null-model approaches.</div><div>Turf stripping significantly decreased alpha diversity while markedly increasing beta diversity. In contrast, five years of annual mowing had no significant effect on species richness or beta diversity. The analysis revealed that stochastic community assembly processes dominated in turf stripping plots, while deterministic processes prevailed in mowing plots. The thickness of the humus layer emerged as a key factor influencing species richness.</div><div>The study demonstrated that neither extensive mowing nor one-time turf stripping represents an ideal strategy for rapidly restoring environmental conditions and increasing alpha diversity in long-term unmanaged alpine grasslands. Annual mowing over five years was insufficient in both intensity and duration, while turf stripping substantially altered community structure but recovery was limited to a small number of common plant species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 107865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145734607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}