Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Facilitative interactions promote biodiversity in various ecosystems: Implications for ecosystem management and restoration","authors":"Dongdong Qiu ,&nbsp;Yanpeng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yueheng Ren ,&nbsp;Zhichao Xu ,&nbsp;Zhanjun Quan","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Positive interactions, such as facilitation and mutualism, can promote community construction and maintenance of ecosystem biodiversity and resilience. However, there are few global meta-analyses on whether and how facilitative interactions affect biodiversity indices in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We synthetically reviewed 344 studies of the effects of facilitative interactions on biodiversity, and reviewed and meta-analyzed 177 studies, which contain available data about the effects of facilitative interaction on ecosystem biodiversity, richness, and abundance. The results indicated an upward trend for the number of studies published annually on this topic, particularly after 2010, reflecting an increasing interest in facilitative interactions. Most studies were conducted in North America and Europe, followed by South America, Asia, Oceania, and Africa. Most studies were conducted in marine and coastal ecosystems and grasslands, followed by forests, shrublands, deserts, and inland wetlands. Our meta-analyses showed that facilitative interactions significantly increased the Shannon diversity, species richness, and species abundance in various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, even if several studies showed non-significant or negative effects. Facilitators promoted species biodiversity mainly by reducing physical or biotic stress, ameliorating harsh environments, spreading pollen, providing shelter, and defending against enemies. We conclude that facilitative interactions are essential in maintaining and promoting the biodiversity of various ecosystems. Thus, the conservation of facilitator species should be a priority, and facilitative interactions should be applied to ecosystem restoration and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying restored riparian buffer delineation accuracy and detectability in multitemporal imagery","authors":"Ge Pu ,&nbsp;Lindi J. Quackenbush ,&nbsp;John C. Stella","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We used multitemporal imagery to map tree cover and quantify the accuracy and detectability of planted riparian buffers. We used data with two spatial resolutions and found that classification of 1 m National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) imagery using a texture-based automatic delineation process matched visual interpretation in terms of both accuracy of tree cover mapping and detectability. In contrast, our method struggled to detect vegetation changes in the riparian buffers using moderate resolution 30 m Land Change Monitoring, Assessment, and Projection (LCMAP) data. Overall pixel-based map accuracy of buffer tree cover using the 1 m automatic process averaged 96 %, while the 30 m LCMAP-based maps had an average accuracy of 37 %. Using the 1 m NAIP imagery, we found on average it took 6 years for planted buffer trees to reach a 50 % detectability level, and 11 years to reach 100 % detectability. Detectability of riparian tree cover increased from 13 % to 98 % 11 years after planting using the 1 m process while the 30 m process consistently had around 9 % detectability. We found correlation between soil types associated with frequent flooding and weaker detection of buffer tree cover. Median slope did not have a strong correlation with delineation accuracy but did influence the magnitude and timing of detectability. The delineation process utilized in this study and the identification of potential impact factors on accuracy and detectability will support efforts to delineate riparian buffer tree cover in other regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-degradable ‘reef bags’ used for rubble stabilisation and their impact on rubble stability, binding, coral recruitment and fish occupancy","authors":"Tania M. Kenyon ,&nbsp;Conor Jones ,&nbsp;David Rissik ,&nbsp;Wills Brassil ,&nbsp;David Callaghan ,&nbsp;Neil Mattocks ,&nbsp;Tom E. Baldock","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substrate stabilisation can be used to enhance coral recruitment where mobile rubble beds have formed post-disturbance. We trialled gabion-like ‘reef bags’, biodegradable coconut-fibre coir mesh bags filled with coral rubble at Pinnacle Bay and Bait Reef on the Great Barrier Reef. Most coir remained intact during the first 12 months, but had completely biodegraded after 2 years, leaving behind the experimental rubble mounds. After approximately 2 years, fish abundance was higher above mounds compared to surrounding rubble. After approximately 3 years, rubble stability and binding was also higher in rubble mounds than in surrounding rubble at Pinnacle Bay, but not at Bait Reef (although binding <em>did</em> increase in Bait Reef mounds over this time). The increased stability and binding did not, however, translate to significantly higher coral recruitment on rubble mounds in either location. The placement of these reef bags in terms of depth, reef zone, sediment load and competition appears crucial. Future trials should consider the size and interlocked-ness of rubble, the size of reef bags, larger mesh hole sizes, the number of layers of coir, and include unbagged mounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"29 years of carbon sequestration in two constructed riverine wetlands","authors":"Daniel Ruane ,&nbsp;Jay Martin ,&nbsp;Michael Brooker ,&nbsp;Blanca Bernal ,&nbsp;Chris Anderson ,&nbsp;Robert Nairn ,&nbsp;William J. Mitsch","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has made it clear that a reduction in carbon emissions and a promotion in carbon sequestration are necessary in order to prevent the planet from reaching catastrophic warming levels of 1.5 °C globally. The IPCC identifies the investment in “high‑carbon ecosystems” as a potential mitigation strategy, with one such ecosystem being wetlands. Historically, the majority of the world's wetlands have been destroyed due to human activities, with the midwestern U.S. being one of the most affected regions. Only in recent history has the U.S. sought to remedy this by mandating the construction of wetlands to replace those that are drained. While long-term carbon sequestration rates for natural wetlands are well-documented, it is unknown how constructed wetlands sequester carbon long-term. The Olentangy River Wetland Research Park (ORWRP) in Columbus, Ohio, USA is an ideal location to research this due to its extensive datasets collected over 29 years of biogeochemical and ecological monitoring. We used soil core samples taken across two constructed freshwater wetlands to quantify carbon storages and paired this data with similar studies at 18-month, 10-year, and 15-year milestones to create a timeline of carbon sequestration across 29 years. Our findings suggest that both wetlands have sequestered relatively equal amounts of carbon since construction and neither have shown a net gain or loss since year 15. At year 29, the average carbon storage between both wetlands is 3.58 ± 2.21 kg C m⁻² which equates to 0.12 ± 0.08 kg C m⁻² yr⁻¹, which is similar to other constructed wetlands. Results indicate that these wetlands likely have reached stability and are not expected to exhibit future carbon gains or losses under current conditions. Because these and other constructed wetlands have greater carbon sequestration rates than other options for conversion of croplands, they represent a successful climate change mitigation strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revegetation of Elymus grasses suppresses invasive Rhamnus cathartica in deciduous forest understories","authors":"Michael J. Schuster ,&nbsp;Peter D. Wragg ,&nbsp;Alex M. Roth ,&nbsp;Paul Bockenstedt ,&nbsp;Lee Frelich ,&nbsp;Peter B. Reich","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Common buckthorn (<em>Rhamnus cathartica</em>) is one of the most widespread invaders of temperate forest and woodland understories in North America. Eradication of buckthorn is a common management goal, but one that is rarely realized since buckthorn quickly re-establishes in managed communities with low biotic resistance. In the years following management, pre-existing native propagules that could potentially re-establish and resist buckthorn re-establishment are scarce whereas buckthorn propagule pressure remains high. Thus, invaded understories often return to or remain in a buckthorn-dominated state when efforts focus only on treating buckthorn over a short period of time. Here, we test the hypothesis that post-management seeding of native graminoids and forbs increases competition and reduces buckthorn re-establishment. We compared pairs of seeded and unseeded plots (<em>n</em> = 35) across 7 sites undergoing buckthorn management near St. Paul, Minnesota, USA from 2017 to 2022. Over that time, we monitored herbaceous cover and light availability as well as the germination, growth, and survival of four cohorts of buckthorn seeds planted into each plot. We found that seeding increased cover of native herbaceous species (especially <em>Elymus</em> grasses and other graminoids) in areas with &gt;7 % tree canopy openness, which in turn reduced light availability to germinating buckthorn by one third. These changes in herbaceous cover and light availability reduced buckthorn growth and survival in complex ways. Effects of seeding on buckthorn were strongest immediately following initial management and in areas with greater tree canopy openness. By the end of the experiment, buckthorn germinating one- and two-years after initial management were 47 % less abundant and 81 % smaller in seeded areas compared to unseeded ones with more than 10 % tree canopy openness. Our findings indicate that post-management seeding of <em>Elymus</em> grasses and other graminoids can partially suppress buckthorn re-establishment in semi-open forests and woodlands following initial management (a critical period wherein buckthorn propagule pressure is high and ambient biotic resistance is low). By augmenting biotic resistance through post-management seeding, managers can effectively limit future invasion and reduce demands for additional management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying geomorphic form variation for assessing habitat complexity of river restoration designs","authors":"Corey Dawson ,&nbsp;Peter Ashmore","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rivers have historically been simplified to facilitate navigation, transportation, and water flow management. A shift towards naturalizing river channels and incorporating principles of fluvial geomorphology and ecology have progressed with variations in restoration approaches but channel design remains largely driven by conventional stabilization methods, particularly in urbanized watersheds. These approaches simplify channel morphology to accommodate changes in flow and sediment regimes induced by catchment-scale urbanization and have led to calls for more process-based solutions to enhance the natural dynamics of geomorphic riverscape design and improve ecological integrity. To understand the effects of restoration design on channel morphological variety, we take advantage of high-resolution digital elevation models to evaluate 28 real-world river restoration design projects of various types by applying the Geomorphic Form Variation (GFV) approach to quantify surface-form complexity differences. Pre-existing and designed river channels were evaluated and changes in surface-form variety associated with restoration design methods and project types were measured. Project cases were categorized as 1) stabilization, 2) full channel realignment, and 3) habitat enhancement types and GFV values were illustrated with hotspot cluster maps for comparative assessment. Stabilization project cases showed decreased GFV values resulting from simplified morphological features, planform channel shape, and floodplain surface topographies. Full channel realignment cases largely showed greater complexity resulting from increased sinuosity and added floodplain topographic variation while habitat enhancement cases conclusively increased GFV values with irregular in-channel bed forms and floodplain connectivity components such as multi-thread channel patterns. We demonstrate how GFV can serve as a valuable tool in assessing restoration design and construction outcomes and guiding the planning process towards enhancing geomorphic variety and habitat heterogeneity. This approach can point to nature-based channel design solutions that improve geomorphic complexity as a measure of natural morphology conditions where conventional stability methods may fall short in addressing geomorphic and ecological concerns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107437"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the compensatory effect of legume reseeding on soil organic carbon loss under tillage management in a saline-alkali grassland in the semi-arid region","authors":"Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Yu An ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Shouzheng Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tillage and reseeding are recognized as effective near-natural restoration practices for degraded grasslands. Despite of ecological restoration efforts of these practices on degraded saline-alkali grasslands in the semi-arid Songnen Plain, the focus on soil functions, particularly carbon (C) accumulation, remains inadequate. This study implemented four restoration measures—tillage (T), tillage combined with <em>Astragalus adsurgens</em> reseeding (TR), no-tillage and reseeding (NR), and no-tillage (N)—on degraded saline-alkali grasslands in 2017. We investigated changes in plant community characteristics and species diversity, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil organic carbon (SOC) pool in 2019 (third-year post-restoration) and 2022 (sixth-year post-restoration). The results indicate that TR had the highest coverage, above-ground biomass (AGB), and below-ground biomass (BGB) in both surveys. From 2019 to 2022, NR exhibited the most pronounced increase in coverage, whereas AGB and BGB of TR achieved the largest increment. In terms of soil properties, the TR and T treatments decreased soil total nitrogen (SN) content and soil bulk density (SBD), and the TR and NR treatments decreased pH and EC. Although SOC content and storage (TSOC) values were lower in T and TR treatments in 2019, a compensation effect with highest C accumulation rate in TR was observed in 2022. Regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between TSOC and plant community height, coverage, AGB, species richness, and SN and soil phosphorus (SP) content. Structural equation models (SEMs) further indicated that tillage practices negatively impacted TSOC. In contrast, legume reseeding, through adjustments in plant density, positively impacted TSOC, with SWC playing a pivotal role. This study quantifies the impact of tillage combined with reseeding on SOC sequestration and provides critical scientific evidence for managing the natural-based restored grasslands in semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based solutions for coastal dune restoration: The case study of AlgoBox in South Brittany, France","authors":"Mouncef Sedrati,&nbsp;Laura Dalour,&nbsp;Glen Bulot,&nbsp;Noé Metge","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preventing marine submersion and coastal erosion is a major challenge in the most coastal areas because of increasing vulnerability of human issues. Awareness of the decline in biodiversity and degradation of coastal ecosystems has led to emergence of nature-based solutions, more sustainable and resilient than traditional coastal engineering. On sandy coasts, the “AlgoBox” system is a sustainable ecological solution for preserving the coastline and restoring dunes, first natural barriers against waves. This tool combines the use of sand trapping fence cases with filling by algae wrack. The addition of algae to the box helps to dampen waves and provides nutrients for plants colonization, responsible for fixing sediments. In this study, we examined the “AlgoBox” effectiveness on the dune-edge erosion belt and dune regeneration on two eroded beaches in Morbihan, France. Results of regular topographic dune-beach profile and vegetation colonization processes surveys indicate that these low-cost nature-based solutions have successfully increased sediment levels and regeneration dunes. Consequently, AlgoBox have had the positive effects of (1) stabilising the coastline and preventing it from retreating during storms (2) forming an embryonic dune and (3) enriching coastal vegetation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different restoration years on soil carbon sequestration and water retention capacity in bamboo forest: A case study in Southwest China Karst","authors":"Liheng Pang ,&nbsp;Chaojie Tian ,&nbsp;Quanzhi Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Grain for Green Program (GGP) is an ecological protection plan launched by China. In this context, much cultivated land in Southwest China Karst has been converted into bamboo forest to balance both ecological and economic benefits. This study selected typical areas in southern Sichuan Province and used natural bamboo forests (CK) as controls to analyze the changes in soil carbon sequestration and water retention capacity of bamboo forests with different restoration periods. The results showed that there was no significant change in soil mechanical composition during forest restoration. The soil bulk density (BD) showed a decreasing trend overall with the restoration period. The total porosity (P_t) and capillary porosity (P_c) showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of restoration years, while no obvious change pattern was found in non-capillary porosity (P_o). The variation characteristics of water retention capacity are similar to porosity, and returning farmland for 5 years can achieve good water retention performance, even higher than CK. The total organic carbon (TOC) and labile organic carbon (LOC) in the soil of bamboo forests after 20 years of returning farmland were significantly higher than those in 5 and 10 years of bamboo forests, and their organic carbon content was close to that of CK. It is worth noting that the soil organic carbon activity reached its optimal state after 10 years of returning farmland. To sum up, the implementation of the project of returning farmland to bamboo can effectively improve the soil carbon sequestration and water retention capacity. The research results provide a scientific basis for the optimization of the measures of the GGP, and help to promote the sustainable development in Southwest China Karst.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological impact of single and semi-contiguous artificial rockpool installations on the assemblages and species richness of vertical seawalls","authors":"Roger J.H. Herbert ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Bone ,&nbsp;Alice E. Hall ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Hawkins ,&nbsp;Rick Stafford","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Local improvements to species diversity through the creation of microhabitat features have been adopted as an approach for “Greening Grey Infrastructure” (GGI) in urbanised coastal ecosystems. To confidently implement these enhancements asset managers and engineers need quantitative information on the value of different feature types, densities, and configurations. We compared the biodiversity benefits of horizontal arrays of semi-contiguous 3 and 5 artificial rockpools with single isolated rockpool units and unenhanced sections of seawall. Rockpools were fixed within seawall sections 2 m wide at Mean High Water Neap Tide Level. At low tide, biota was monitored inside the pools, on the side of the pool units, the sea wall adjacent to the rockpools and in sea wall zones above and below the pools. After 36 months, species richness (all zones combined) of seawall sections with five rockpools was up to four times greater than controls and included protected and non-indigenous species. Increased richness was attributable to a higher density of rockpools and not rockpool contiguity. Grazers attracted to areas between and above rockpools modified assemblages that may limit persistence of algae. At one site, recovery of brown algae following disturbance during rockpool installation remained incomplete after 36 months. Benefits of arrays of semi-contiguous pools remain unclear, and deployment of individual rockpools (or similar enhancements) over a larger habitat area, that experience a wider range of conditions, may be at least as valuable. Quantifying species richness per unit size/ area of structure should assist managers and the development of metrics designed to measure ecological benefits in GGI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"210 ","pages":"Article 107432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}