Ecological Engineering最新文献_第9页

Natural wastewater treatment system for a gastronomic tourism business in a flood-prone area: Performance and operational challenges 洪水易发地区美食旅游业务的自然废水处理系统：性能和操作挑战

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107851

Gabriel O. Basílico , Tania Dellepiane , Gabriela Lastra , Sofía Carusso , Laura de Cabo

Treatment wetlands have been studied and applied for decades in different configurations for the purification of many wastewaters; however, their application in natural wetland areas and other potentially floodable zones presents additional challenges. The objective of this work is to evaluate a nature-based treatment system, developed for the purification of wastewater from kitchen and bathrooms generated by a gastronomic tourism venture located in a natural wetland area (lower Paraná River Delta islands, Argentina), with the focus in some relevant physical and chemical water quality variables and operational issues. The hybrid system consists of a series of pretreatments (biodigesters, grease trap), a septic tank (ST), a horizontal subsurface flow wetland (HFW), and a maturation pond (MP). During flood events, the HFW can operate by tidal flow, storing wastewater for later discharge during base flow to prevent surface water pollution by partially treated wastewater. During monitoring period (9 months) the ST and HFW stages allowed for efficient removal of total suspended solids (81 %) and chemical oxygen demand (73 %). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in anionic surfactants levels was also observed, mainly due to the MP stage. For ammoniacal nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, and fats, oils and greases, there was a trend to decreasing concentrations toward the final treatment stage, although no significant differences were found between sampling points (p > 0.05). The autochthonous plant species planted in the HFW grew vigorously and without observable signs of phytotoxicity. The operational challenges encountered are discussed, particularly those related to pumping and overall system operation under flooding conditions. Some improvements are proposed to optimize the application of this type of system in other flood-prone areas and to reuse treated water, plant biomass, and nutrients.

几十年来，人们一直在研究和应用不同配置的处理湿地来净化许多废水；然而，它们在自然湿地和其他潜在洪水带的应用面临着额外的挑战。这项工作的目的是评估一种基于自然的处理系统，该系统用于净化位于天然湿地地区（阿根廷帕拉纳河三角洲下游岛屿）的美食旅游企业产生的厨房和浴室废水，重点关注一些相关的物理和化学水质变量和操作问题。该混合系统由一系列预处理（生物沼气池、隔油池）、化粪池（ST）、水平地下流湿地（HFW）和成熟池（MP）组成。在洪水发生时，HFW可以通过潮汐流运行，将废水储存起来，在基流中排放，防止部分处理的废水污染地表水。在监测期间（9个月），ST和HFW阶段可以有效去除总悬浮固体（81%）和化学需氧量（73%）。阴离子表面活性剂水平也显著降低（p < 0.05），主要是由于MP阶段。氨态氮、可溶性活性磷和脂肪、油脂的浓度在最终处理阶段呈下降趋势，但采样点之间无显著差异（p > 0.05）。在HFW中种植的本土植物生长旺盛，没有明显的植物毒性迹象。讨论了所遇到的操作挑战，特别是与泵送和整个系统在洪水条件下的操作有关的挑战。提出了一些改进措施，以优化这类系统在其他洪水易发地区的应用，并重新利用处理过的水、植物生物量和养分。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions and methanogenic communities in sludge treatment wetlands: responses to intermittent loading 污泥处理湿地温室气体排放和产甲烷群落的动态：对间歇负荷的响应

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107852

Junyu Liang , Yubo Cui , Kedong Ma , Xu Ma , Wanjun Zhang , Ruijie Tian , Yang Wang , Hongxuan Qi

Sludge treatment wetlands (STWs) offer a sustainable alternative for sludge management; however, a comprehensive assessment of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is still required. This study investigated the emissions of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from three pilot-scale STWs under various seasonal loading cycles. The dynamics of the methanogenic archaeal communities were analyzed. A static transparent chamber was adopted to measure gas emission. The three pilot configurations were an STW1 with PVC vent pipes, an STW2 with PVC vent pipes and reeds, and an STW3 with reeds. Results revealed significant seasonal variations in CH₄ and CO₂ emission rates, with peaks occurring in summer and troughs in winter. During the loading intervals, the CO₂-equivalent emissions (based on CH₄) followed the order: STW3 > STW2 > STW1. The installation of PVC vent pipes in STW2 reduced CH₄ emissions compared to STW3. Leachate chemical oxygen demand (COD) and volatile solids (VS) content consistently exhibited seasonal trends across all units, with levels descending in the order: spring > winter > autumn > summer. Treatment performance was highest in STW2, followed by STW3 and STW1. STW2 had stronger carbon sequestration capacity than STW3. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that both plant presence and ventilation reduced the richness and diversity of the methanogenic archaeal communities in the lower sludge layer. Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosarcinaceae, and Methanoregulaceae were identified as the dominant methanogenic families.

污泥处理湿地（STWs）为污泥管理提供了可持续的替代方案；然而，仍然需要对其温室气体（GHG）排放进行全面评估。本研究研究了三个中试污水处理厂在不同季节负荷周期下的甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）排放。分析了产甲烷古菌群落的动态。采用静态透明室测量气体排放。三种试验配置分别是带有PVC排气管的STW1、带有PVC排气管和芦苇的STW2和带有芦苇的STW3。结果表明，CH4和CO2排放速率存在显著的季节变化，夏季出现峰值，冬季出现低谷。在加载期间，co2当量排放量（以CH4为单位）顺序为：STW3 >； STW2 > STW1。与STW3相比，STW2安装PVC排气管减少了CH4的排放。各单元的渗滤液化学需氧量（COD）和挥发性固形物（VS）含量均呈现季节性变化趋势，其变化顺序为：春季、冬季、秋季、夏季。处理性能以STW2最高，其次为STW3和STW1。STW2固碳能力强于STW3。16S rRNA基因的高通量测序表明，植物的存在和通风都会降低污泥下层产甲烷古菌群落的丰富度和多样性。产甲烷菌科、产甲烷菌科和产甲烷菌科为优势产甲烷菌科。

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引用次数: 0

From leaf to barrier scale: A multisource data evaluation of a spontaneous vegetative barrier to prevent potentially toxic element dispersal 从叶子到屏障尺度：一个多源数据评估自发的植物屏障，以防止潜在的有毒元素扩散

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107854

Lucie Calmon , Pascale Prudent , Sophie Fabre , Laurent Vassalo , Yoan Labrousse , Nicolas Montès , Isabelle Laffont-Schwob

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) may threaten both environmental and human health due to their persistence and their potential for widespread dispersal through wind and water erosion. Phytoremediation is often evaluated for soil contamination management although vegetation barriers have been less explored to reduce airborne dispersal of PTEs.

The current study presents an approach to evaluate trapping capacity of woody species in vegetative barriers by combining field, laboratory measurements and airborne LiDAR point cloud to change scale from a single leaf to the entire vegetative barrier. To upscale leaf PTE concentration to plant and whole barrier estimation, allometric equations were used to evaluate accuracy of LiDAR HD above-ground volume estimation. This approach was tested on a spontaneous vegetative barrier surrounding PTE contaminated brownfields in Marseille (France). Although dense and overlapping shrub and tree canopies made measurements challenging, strong correlations were found between both methods (R² = 0.93 and 0.82 for Pinus halepensis and Pistacia lentiscus, respectively). Although PTE concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Sb, Zn) in leaves were relatively low compared to those in soils (203 to 6592 times lower), the fraction attributed to atmospheric deposition represented a significant portion of leaf contamination, accounting for 22 % of total Pb and 44 % of total Sb. Similar efficiencies in trapping PTEs were observed between P. halepensis and P. lentiscus. The vegetative barrier, as a whole, can be considered as efficient to restrict contaminated particle dispersal in the studied context. This study underscores the accuracy of combining diverse data sources for robust assessment of nature-based solutions to mitigate contamination, moving beyond leaf-level trapping to a comprehensive barrier-scale evaluation.

潜在有毒元素（pte）由于其持久性和通过风蚀和水蚀广泛扩散的潜力，可能威胁环境和人类健康。植物修复通常被评价为土壤污染管理，尽管较少探索植被屏障以减少pte的空气传播。本研究提出了一种将野外、实验室测量和机载激光雷达点云相结合的方法，将尺度从单片树叶转变为整个植被屏障，以评估植被屏障中木本物种的捕获能力。为了将叶片PTE浓度提高到植物和整个屏障的估计水平，采用异速生长方程对LiDAR HD地上体积估计的精度进行了评估。该方法在法国马赛被PTE污染的棕地周围的自发植物屏障上进行了测试。尽管密集和重叠的灌木和乔木冠层给测量带来了挑战，但两种方法之间存在很强的相关性（对于halepensis和Pistacia lentiscus， R2分别为0.93和0.82）。虽然叶片中的PTE浓度（As、Cd、Cu、Pb、Sb、Zn）相对较低（低203 ~ 6592倍），但大气沉降占叶片污染的很大一部分，占总Pb的22%和总Sb的44%。在halepensis和lentiscus之间观察到相似的捕获PTE的效率。植物屏障作为一个整体，可以被认为是有效地限制污染颗粒在研究环境中的扩散。这项研究强调了结合不同数据源对基于自然的解决方案进行可靠评估的准确性，以减轻污染，从叶子水平的捕获到全面的屏障尺度评估。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of amendments and Vetiveria zizanoides on soil quality and heavy metal bioavailability in a historical mine site: A 2-year field evaluation 改良剂和香根草对历史矿区土壤质量和重金属生物有效性的协同效应：2年野外评价

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107847

Xiaolong Lan , Wenjie Lin , Jiaqi Li , Yin Li , Yaqi Zhao , Yili Gan , Yanlong Jia , Zengping Ning , Tangfu Xiao , Enzong Xiao

Ecological restoration is a recognized sustainable strategy for remediating mine-impacted soils. However, a critical knowledge gap exists regarding the long-term, field-validated efficacy of synergistic multi-component amendments. This two-year field study investigated the combined effects of various multi-component amendments, organic compost (O), lime with organic compost (OL), OL fortified with ferric chloride (OLF), and OL supplemented with potassium permanganate (OLP), alongside Vetiveria zizanoides (V. zizanoides) cultivation, on soil quality and multi-heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, As) bioavailability in a tungsten mine wasteland. Results revealed that the rhizosphere of V. zizanoides significantly enhanced soil quality, evidenced by increased soil pH, available nitrogen and phosphorus, enzyme activities, and microbial abundance. Amendment applications further enhanced soil quality and effectively curtailed heavy metal accumulation in V. zizanoides. Notably, the OLF treatment demonstrated superior efficacy, reducing plant accumulation of As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, and Zn by 66.5 %, 66.5 %, 69.4 %, 39.6 %, 52.7 %, and 72.4 %, respectively. Random forest analysis identified amendment-induced increases in soil pH, available phosphorus, acid phosphatase activity, and fungal abundance as pivotal mechanisms for mitigating heavy metal bioavailability. These findings offer crucial insights and practical guidance for optimizing ecological restoration of mine wastelands with complex heavy metal contamination.

生态恢复是公认的修复矿损土壤的可持续战略。然而，关于协同多组分修正的长期、现场验证的有效性，存在一个关键的知识缺口。本研究为期两年，研究了多种多组分改良剂、有机堆肥(O)、石灰加有机堆肥（OL）、强化氯化铁（OLF）和添加高锰酸钾（OLP）以及紫草草（V. zizanoides）种植对钨矿废弃地土壤质量和多种重金属（Zn、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd、As）生物利用度的综合影响。结果表明：根际土壤pH值、速效氮磷、酶活性和微生物丰度显著提高了土壤质量；施用改良剂进一步提高了土壤质量，有效地抑制了紫穗草重金属的积累。黄颡鱼鱼处理的砷、镉、铅、镍、铜和锌的累积量分别降低了66.5%、66.5%、69.4%、39.6%、52.7%和72.4%。随机森林分析发现，修正引起的土壤pH值、有效磷、酸性磷酸酶活性和真菌丰度的增加是减轻重金属生物有效性的关键机制。研究结果对复杂重金属污染矿山废弃地生态修复优化具有重要的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced treatment and algal suppression of floating constructed wetland integrated with artificial fiber and aeration 人工纤维与曝气相结合的浮式人工湿地强化处理及抑藻效果研究

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107853

Yaoping Chen , Jiahao Sun , Lina Zhang , Xiaoyang Chen , Yanfei Xu , Yongchun Chen , Lee-Hyung Kim , Youngchul Kim

Considering the stagnant hydrodynamics and limited oxygen transfer characteristic of isolated or partially isolated aquatic systems, as well as the low oxygen flux and inadequate microbial attachment surfaces in traditional floating wetlands, three configurations of floating constructed wetlands were developed: (1) plant-only system, (2) plant-fiber matrix system, and (3) plant-fiber-aeration integrated system. The plant–fiber–aeration integrated system exhibited superior removal efficiencies for BOD₅ (67.4 %), TN (70.7 %), and TP (61.7 %) compared to the plant-based and plant–fiber matrix systems at the reactive equilibrium. Despite of the influent fluctuation and seasonal change, the integrated system consistently maintained better effluent quality and highest pollutant removal rate. Furthermore, aeration significantly reduced turbidity and chlorophyll-a concentrations. After treatment with the integrated system, turbidity decreased from 35.3 NTU to 8.7 NTU, and chlorophyll-a removal reached 69.6 %. Therefore, the integration of fibers and aeration offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach to addressing the limitations of traditional floating constructed wetlands, enhancing pollutant removal capacity and supporting long-term system stability.

考虑到孤立或部分孤立的水生系统流体动力学停滞和氧传递受限的特点，以及传统漂浮湿地氧通量低、微生物附着面不足的特点，开发了3种漂浮人工湿地配置：(1)纯植物系统，(2)植物-纤维基质系统，(3)植物-纤维-曝气一体化系统。在反应平衡下，与植物基和植物纤维基质系统相比，植物-纤维-曝气集成系统对BOD₅（67.4%），TN（70.7%）和TP（61.7%）的去除效率更高。尽管有流量波动和季节变化，综合系统始终保持较好的出水水质和最高的污染物去除率。此外，曝气显著降低了浊度和叶绿素-a浓度。经综合系统处理后，浊度由35.3 NTU降至8.7 NTU，叶绿素-a去除率达69.6%。因此，纤维和曝气的结合为解决传统浮式人工湿地的局限性、增强污染物去除能力和支持系统的长期稳定性提供了一种可持续和经济的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Quantitative effects of substrate, vegetation, and hydraulic loading on pollutant removal in constructed wetlands 基质、植被和水力负荷对人工湿地污染物去除的定量影响

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107836

Gongliang Zhang , Qing Li , Ran Cai , Guozhu Mao , Ruipeng Miao , Miaomiao Liu , Dexiang Li , Chenxin Song

Pollutant removal efficiency in constructed wetlands (CWs) is governed by substrate composition, vegetation, and hydraulic loading rate (HLR). This study conducted a cross-system quantitative analysis of these factors, revealing that laboratory-based CWs studies concentrated on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients (92.35 %) and oxygen-consuming organic matter (76.47 %). Core indicators, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), exhibited a median removal efficiency of 59–67 %, with potential negative values observed for TP and NH₄⁺-N at low influent concentrations. Natural materials (41.38 %) constituted the highest proportion of substrates, with layered substrate structure (65.06 %) emerging as the predominant approach. Among common single-substrate configurations, gravel showed optimal COD removal (68.67 %), zeolite enhanced nitrogen removal (NH₄⁺-N is 40 %), and ceramic improved COD degradation (42.86 %). Notably, composite substrates substantially augment removal efficiency compared to single substrates, particularly in scenarios characterized by low initial removal performance. Plant cultivation increased removal efficiency for TN, TP, COD, and NH₄⁺-N by 14.20 %, 16.00 %, 11.55 %, and 17.33 %, respectively, with the most robust conclusion drawn for nitrogen removal enhancement. The optimal HLR for nitrogen and phosphorus removal was 0.5 m³/(m²·d), while COD required a lower HLR (0.25 m³/(m²·d)) to ensure adequate dissolved oxygen availability. High nitrogen and low carbon influent conditions facilitated HLR reduction, thereby improving overall system efficiency. By quantitatively assessing the impact of substrate selection, vegetation configuration, and HLR on CWs operational performance, we have identified the typical values from laboratory results, providing parameter reference values for engineering applications, and ultimately offering a decision-making basis for transitioning CWs from empirical design to data-driven approaches.

人工湿地（CWs）的污染物去除效率受基质组成、植被和水力负荷率（HLR）的影响。本研究对这些因素进行了跨系统的定量分析，结果表明，基于实验室的CWs研究主要集中在氮磷营养物（92.35%）和耗氧有机质（76.47%）上。总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、化学需氧量（COD）和铵态氮（NH4+-N）等核心指标的去除率中值为59 - 67%，在低进水浓度下，TP和NH4+-N的去除率可能为负值。天然材料占基质的比例最高（41.38%），层状基质结构占主导地位（65.06%）。在常见的单基质配置中，砾石对COD的去除率最高（68.67%），沸石对氮的去除率最高（NH4+-N去除率为40%），陶瓷对COD的去除率最高（42.86%）。值得注意的是，与单一基材相比，复合基材大大提高了去除效率，特别是在初始去除性能较低的情况下。植物栽培对TN、TP、COD和NH4+-N的去除效率分别提高了14.20%、16.00%、11.55%和17.33%，其中对氮的去除效果最强。去除氮和磷的最佳HLR为0.5 m3/(m2·d)，而COD需要较低的HLR （0.25 m3/(m2·d)）以确保足够的溶解氧有效性。高氮低碳的进水条件有利于HLR的降低，从而提高了系统的整体效率。通过定量评估基质选择、植被配置和HLR对化学武器运行性能的影响，我们从实验室结果中确定了典型值，为工程应用提供了参数参考值，并最终为化学武器从经验设计过渡到数据驱动方法提供了决策依据。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrological restoration reshapes nitrogen cycling in alpine wetlands: Contrasting denitrification and anammox responses to rewetting 水文恢复重塑高寒湿地的氮循环：对比反硝化和厌氧氨氧化对再湿润的响应

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107845

Niu Li , Jianqing Zhou , Chengchai Zhang , Yaoyao Tang , Ming Wu , Xuexin Shao , Peipei Cao , Youzheng Zhang , Long Zhang

Alpine wetlands serve as critical nitrogen (N) sinks, yet their stability is threatened by intensified drying–rewetting cycles under climate change. How hydrological restoration modulates coupled N loss pathways in these spatially heterogeneous systems remains unclear. In a before-after restoration experiment, we combined ¹⁵N-tracer incubations to quantify shifts in denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) across distinct hydrological zones. Rewetting sharply suppressed denitrification—reducing rates in upstream soils by up to 96 %—but enhanced anammox activity by up to 2.3-fold, with the strongest responses in hydrologically exposed upstream and downstream zones. These contrasting pathways were driven by zone-specific changes in soil moisture, salinity, and NH₄⁺ availability, alongside pronounced microbial restructuring, including increased co-occurrence network complexity and shifts in keystone taxa. Structural equation models revealed that denitrification was positively regulated by salinity and microbial composition, whereas anammox was promoted by NH₄⁺ and TC. Our results show that hydrological restoration selectively reconfigures N loss processes, favoring greenhouse gas-free anammox to sustain N removal under hydrological instability. This provides a mechanistic framework for designing zone-specific strategieses to enhance alpine wetland resilience.

高寒湿地作为重要的氮汇，其稳定性受到气候变化下干湿循环加剧的威胁。在这些空间异质性系统中，水文恢复如何调节耦合的N损失途径尚不清楚。在前后恢复实验中，我们结合15n示踪剂培养来量化不同水文带的反硝化和厌氧氨氧化（anammox）的变化。再润湿显著抑制了上游土壤中高达96%的反硝化减少率，但提高了厌氧氨氧化活性高达2.3倍，在水文暴露的上游和下游地区反应最强。这些不同的路径是由土壤湿度、盐度和NH4+有效性的区域特异性变化以及显著的微生物重构驱动的，包括共生网络复杂性的增加和关键分类群的转移。结构方程模型表明，反硝化作用受盐度和微生物组成的正调控，而厌氧氨氧化则受NH4+和TC的促进。我们的研究结果表明，水文恢复选择性地重新配置氮损失过程，有利于无温室气体厌氧氨氧化在水文不稳定的情况下维持氮的去除。这为设计区域特定策略以增强高寒湿地的恢复力提供了一个机制框架。

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引用次数: 0

Reasonable fragment size and transplant density can effectively improve coral restoration efficiency 合理的碎片大小和移植密度可有效提高珊瑚恢复效率

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107805

He Zhao , Junling Zhang , Xiangbo Liu , Wentao Zhu , Baruch Rinkevich , Shai Shafir , Yijing Di , Aimin Wang , Xiubao Li

Coral restoration technologies are vital for rehabilitating degraded coral reefs, with the gardening approach used as the main global method. However, the success of these efforts depends on restoration-related factors, including coral species selection, fragment size, and transplant density. Here we monitored for over one year period fragments of opportunity from four coral species, Acropora hyacinthus, Acropora microphthalma, Porites cylindrica, and Montipora digitata, that were transplanted on “Framed Reef Modules” located at Wuzhizhou Island, Hainan, China. The fragments were divided into three groups, representing three fragment sizes and two spacing regimens, in four replicates: Group 1 (6 cm size; 16 colonies; spacing 30 cm), Group 2 (3 cm; 32 colonies; spacing 15 cm), Group 3 (6 cm; 32 colonies; spacing 15 cm). Coral survival, growth rates, and physiological parameters were continuously monitored. In A. hyacinthus and P. cylindrica, large fragment size and lower transplant density significantly enhanced growth and survival rates. Under high-density transplant condition, smaller A. microphthalma fragments exhibited higher survival rates. Lower density transplantation significantly improved the survival rate of M. digitata, while its growth rate was not affected by either fragment size or transplant density. Environmental factors, such as seawater temperature, turbidity, and nutrient concentrations, significantly affected coral growth during the 90 to 180 days post-transplantation, when increased environmental stress inhibited coral growth rates. This study adds to our understanding of the selection of fragment size and spacing in direct active transplantation of corals of opportunity.

珊瑚恢复技术对于恢复退化的珊瑚礁至关重要，园艺方法是全球使用的主要方法。然而，这些努力的成功取决于与恢复相关的因素，包括珊瑚物种选择、碎片大小和移植密度。在海南蜈支洲岛的“框架礁模块”上，我们对四种珊瑚（风信子Acropora hyacinthus， Acropora microphthalma, Porites ica, Montipora digitata）移植的机会片段进行了一年多的监测。片段分为3组，分别代表3种片段大小和2种间隔方案，共4个重复：1组（6 cm大小，16个菌落，间隔30 cm）， 2组（3 cm， 32个菌落，间隔15 cm）， 3组（6 cm， 32个菌落，间隔15 cm）。连续监测珊瑚的存活率、生长率和生理参数。在风信子和白茅中，较大的断片尺寸和较低的移栽密度显著提高了其生长和成活率。高密度移植条件下，小眼盲蝽碎片越小，存活率越高。低密度移植显著提高了金针桃的成活率，而其生长速率不受碎片大小和移植密度的影响。环境因素，如海水温度、浊度和营养物质浓度，在移植后90至180天内显著影响珊瑚的生长，此时环境胁迫增加抑制了珊瑚的生长速度。本研究增加了我们对珊瑚直接主动移植中碎片大小和间距选择的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing watershed ecological management for water conservation by nonlinear effects of meteorological and vegetation drivers 基于气象和植被驱动因素非线性效应的流域生态涵养优化

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107817

Zikai Ping , Jianmin Bian , Fan Wang , Tao Li

Water conservation is one of the most important ecosystem services in watershed ecosystems. However, optimizing watershed ecological management to enhance water conservation is a critical challenge, complicated by the nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous responses to meteorological and vegetation changes. This study investigates the nonlinear effects of meteorological and vegetation factors on water conservation by integrating machine learning and hydrological modeling. The results show that: (1) the multi-year average water conservation in the watershed was 179.69 mm, with an overall increasing trend from 2010 to 2023. Spatially, water conservation decreased from the upstream to the downstream regions, with the western and southern regions functioning as key water conservation areas. (2) Meteorological and vegetation factors explained water conservation well across the entire watershed (R² = 0.939, p < 0.05). Vegetation evapotranspiration reduced water conservation when vegetation exceeded a critical threshold. Precipitation promoted water conservation across all regions, but the degree of promotion varied due to differences in environmental factors among the subregions. (3) We propose differentiated vegetation management strategies: maintaining the NDVI threshold at 0.65 for mountainous areas (elevation > 950 m) and at 0.45 for plain areas (elevation < 400 m). These findings enhance the protection of watershed ecosystems by optimizing the vegetation configuration of the watershed to optimize water-holding services.

水涵养是流域生态系统中最重要的生态系统服务功能之一。然而，由于气象和植被变化对流域生态管理的非线性和空间异质性响应，优化流域生态管理以加强水资源涵养是一个严峻的挑战。本研究将机器学习与水文建模相结合，探讨气象和植被因子对水资源涵养的非线性影响。结果表明：(1)流域多年平均保水量为179.69 mm， 2010 - 2023年总体呈增加趋势；从空间上看，涵养水量由上游向下游递减，西部和南部地区为重点涵养区。(2)气象因子和植被因子对整个流域的保水具有较好的解释作用（R2 = 0.939, p < 0.05）。植被蒸散作用在植被超过临界阈值时降低了水分涵养。降水促进了各区域的节水，但促进程度因各区域环境因子的差异而有所不同。(3)提出了不同的植被管理策略：山区（海拔950 m） NDVI阈值维持在0.65，平原（海拔400 m）维持在0.45。这些发现通过优化流域植被配置来优化保水服务，从而加强了对流域生态系统的保护。

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引用次数: 0

Soil thickness and porosity as indicators of the ecological restoration success: The case study of a reclaimed coal-mine slope in a Mediterranean area 土壤厚度和孔隙度作为生态恢复成功的指标——以地中海地区某采煤边坡为例

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107783

Daphne López-Marcos , María-Belén Turrión , Juan García-Duro , Carolina Martínez-Ruiz

Open-cast mine ecological restoration is challenging due to the total removal of vegetation and soil. Thus, restoring soil functionality is a key goal to underpin long-term ecosystem resilience. Understanding soil properties change during the revegetation process is essential for evaluating restoration success efforts and guiding adaptive management based on reliable soil indicators. We assessed two vegetation patches representing distinct successional stages –grassland (pioneer) and shrubland (mature)– on the same mine slope restored eleven years prior. Within each patch, 18 plots (3 transects × 6 sampling units) were established to analyse topography, plant family cover, and soil physicochemical properties. Soil thickness and porosity emerged as the most explicative indicators (20 % and 17 %, respectively) for vegetation cover variance. These were also strongly associated with both functional soil recovery indicators (C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, available water) and vegetation progression indicators (Fabaceae and Poaceae %cover), based on structural equation modeling and principal component analysis. Fabaceae and other families, typically associated with late-successional stages, were linked to low porosity and deeper soils, while Poaceae and Asteraceae, indicative of early successional stages, were associated with high porosity and shallow soils. We propose soil thickness and porosity as cost-effective and easily measurable indicators for monitoring ecological restoration on post-mining slopes, as they reflect both soil recovery and vegetation dynamics. We also recommend their inclusion in restoration monitoring protocols to support adaptive management and improve alignment with international ecological restoration standards.

露天矿的生态恢复是一个具有挑战性的问题，因为露天矿的植被和土壤都被彻底清除了。因此，恢复土壤功能是支撑生态系统长期恢复力的关键目标。了解植被恢复过程中土壤性质的变化对于评估恢复成效和指导基于可靠土壤指标的适应性管理至关重要。在11年前恢复的同一矿山边坡上，我们评估了代表不同演替阶段的两个植被斑块——草地（先锋）和灌木（成熟）。在每个斑块内建立18个样块（3个样块× 6个样块），分析地形、植物科覆盖和土壤理化性质。土壤厚度和孔隙度是最能说明植被覆盖变化的指标（分别占20%和17%）。基于结构方程建模和主成分分析，这些指标与土壤功能恢复指标（C/N比、阳离子交换量、有效水分）和植被发育指标（豆科和禾科%盖度）均有较强的相关性。豆科和菊科具有较强的孔隙度和较浅的土层特征，具有典型的演替后期特征，而禾本科和菊科具有演替早期特征，具有较高的孔隙度和较浅的土层特征。我们建议将土壤厚度和孔隙度作为监测采矿后边坡生态恢复的成本效益和易于测量的指标，因为它们反映了土壤恢复和植被动态。我们还建议将它们纳入恢复监测协议，以支持适应性管理，并改善与国际生态恢复标准的一致性。

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引用次数: 0