Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102017
Jun Liu , Guojiang Xiong , Xiaofan Fu , Ali Wagdy Mohamed
Weibull distribution is extensively used for wind resource assessment in fitting wind speed frequency distribution because of its reliability and simplicity. Its precision is highly dependent on the parameter estimation methods and different methods may result in varied results. This paper implements ten numerical methods to estimate Weibull's parameters in fitting wind speeds of nine years from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2022 at nine locations in Guizhou province, China. Firstly, the distribution characteristics including average value, skewness, kurtosis, and direction of wind speeds at these nine locations are analyzed. Secondly, to ascertain the optimal parameters, ten numerical methods are implemented in accordance with the Weibull distribution. Four goodness-of-fit indicators and the Friedman test are used to reveal the difference of their performance. Finally, with the optimal parameters, the wind power density is determined in every location. The findings indicate that the empirical method of Lysen performs the best. The study can provide empirical data analysis and detailed descriptions of wind speed characteristics for local wind energy development and resource assessment. Besides, it can also help clarify the strengths and weaknesses of different methods in practical applications and provide a reliable basis for evaluating the potential of wind energy.
{"title":"Estimating the best-fit parameters of Weibull distribution with numerical methods for wind energy assessment: A case study in China","authors":"Jun Liu , Guojiang Xiong , Xiaofan Fu , Ali Wagdy Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Weibull distribution is extensively used for wind resource assessment in fitting wind speed frequency distribution because of its reliability and simplicity. Its precision is highly dependent on the parameter estimation methods and different methods may result in varied results. This paper implements ten numerical methods to estimate Weibull's parameters in fitting wind speeds of nine years from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2022 at nine locations in Guizhou province, China. Firstly, the distribution characteristics including average value, skewness, kurtosis, and direction of wind speeds at these nine locations are analyzed. Secondly, to ascertain the optimal parameters, ten numerical methods are implemented in accordance with the Weibull distribution. Four goodness-of-fit indicators and the Friedman test are used to reveal the difference of their performance. Finally, with the optimal parameters, the wind power density is determined in every location. The findings indicate that the empirical method of Lysen performs the best. The study can provide empirical data analysis and detailed descriptions of wind speed characteristics for local wind energy development and resource assessment. Besides, it can also help clarify the strengths and weaknesses of different methods in practical applications and provide a reliable basis for evaluating the potential of wind energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102017"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102024
Xiao Yu , Ming Su , Ying Zhou , Siqi Wang
Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in China's smart city initiatives are widely regarded as having the potential to enhance energy efficiency, yet whether such applications may trigger or exacerbate the energy rebound effect remains an open empirical question. Using panel data for 279 Chinese prefecture-level cities, this paper examines the impact of AI applications on urban energy efficiency under the Smart City Pilot policy by employing a staggered DID approach. The results show that AI applications promoted by smart city pilots significantly reduce urban energy intensity and improve energy efficiency, and these findings remain robust across a series of robustness checks. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the energy-efficiency-enhancing effects of AI are significantly stronger in northern cities, non–old industrial base cities, non-resource-based cities, and cities that are not designated as key environmental protection areas.In terms of underlying mechanisms, this study takes electricity as an illustrative case and finds that AI applications significantly improve electricity use efficiency without leading to a statistically significant increase in electricity consumption or total energy consumption. These results suggest that, during the sample period, the energy efficiency gains associated with AI applications are not offset by additional energy use, and no statistically detectable energy rebound effect is observed. Overall, this paper provides empirical evidence on how AI applications in smart city development can enhance urban energy efficiency and, to some extent, mitigate the energy rebound effect, offering useful insights for related policy design.
{"title":"The impact of artificial intelligence applications on improving energy efficiency and avoiding energy rebound: Evidence from China's “national smart city pilot” policy","authors":"Xiao Yu , Ming Su , Ying Zhou , Siqi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) applications in China's smart city initiatives are widely regarded as having the potential to enhance energy efficiency, yet whether such applications may trigger or exacerbate the energy rebound effect remains an open empirical question. Using panel data for 279 Chinese prefecture-level cities, this paper examines the impact of AI applications on urban energy efficiency under the Smart City Pilot policy by employing a staggered DID approach. The results show that AI applications promoted by smart city pilots significantly reduce urban energy intensity and improve energy efficiency, and these findings remain robust across a series of robustness checks. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that the energy-efficiency-enhancing effects of AI are significantly stronger in northern cities, non–old industrial base cities, non-resource-based cities, and cities that are not designated as key environmental protection areas.In terms of underlying mechanisms, this study takes electricity as an illustrative case and finds that AI applications significantly improve electricity use efficiency without leading to a statistically significant increase in electricity consumption or total energy consumption. These results suggest that, during the sample period, the energy efficiency gains associated with AI applications are not offset by additional energy use, and no statistically detectable energy rebound effect is observed. Overall, this paper provides empirical evidence on how AI applications in smart city development can enhance urban energy efficiency and, to some extent, mitigate the energy rebound effect, offering useful insights for related policy design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102024"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102027
Mohamed F. Abouelenein , Eslam A. Hassanein , Nourhane Houssam , Rehab R. Esily , Dalia M. Ibrahiem , Mohammad Alnehabi , Zahoor Ahmed
While the environmental consequences of geopolitical tensions have received growing academic attention, little is known about how these dynamics manifest in the Middle East and Africa (MEA)—a region both environmentally vulnerable and geopolitically fragile. Even less is understood about how structural capacities may condition or buffer these effects. This study addresses these critical gaps by examining how escalating geopolitical risks affect environmental sustainability in five MEA economies—Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Turkey, and South Africa—over the period 1990 to 2023. Using the Cross-Sectionally Augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) model, we find that geopolitical risks exert a persistent and statistically significant negative influence on environmental quality. However, both renewable energy deployment and economic complexity not only improve environmental outcomes independently but also significantly moderate the adverse effects of geopolitical risks. These findings highlight that structural resilience—through energy transitions and economic sophistication—can serve as a strategic defense against the environmental costs of instability. Policy implications are drawn for designing adaptive sustainability strategies in regions facing geopolitical uncertainty.
{"title":"Geopolitical risks and environmental sustainability: Can economic complexity and renewables tip the balance?","authors":"Mohamed F. Abouelenein , Eslam A. Hassanein , Nourhane Houssam , Rehab R. Esily , Dalia M. Ibrahiem , Mohammad Alnehabi , Zahoor Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the environmental consequences of geopolitical tensions have received growing academic attention, little is known about how these dynamics manifest in the Middle East and Africa (MEA)—a region both environmentally vulnerable and geopolitically fragile. Even less is understood about how structural capacities may condition or buffer these effects. This study addresses these critical gaps by examining how escalating geopolitical risks affect environmental sustainability in five MEA economies—Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Turkey, and South Africa—over the period 1990 to 2023. Using the Cross-Sectionally Augmented ARDL (CS-ARDL) model, we find that geopolitical risks exert a persistent and statistically significant negative influence on environmental quality. However, both renewable energy deployment and economic complexity not only improve environmental outcomes independently but also significantly moderate the adverse effects of geopolitical risks. These findings highlight that structural resilience—through energy transitions and economic sophistication—can serve as a strategic defense against the environmental costs of instability. Policy implications are drawn for designing adaptive sustainability strategies in regions facing geopolitical uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102027"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2026.102045
Yanling Zhang, Thierry Yobouet Gnangoin
According to the International Energy Agency, energy security means that energy sources are always available at an affordable price. However, the 2021 and 2022 energy crises and the current global situation raise concerns about energy availability and affordability. As countries, especially European countries, have started implementing stringent climate policies to prevent climate change and global warming, examining how these policies can mitigate climate change while ensuring energy security is critical. In so doing, we analyze the relationship between energy consumption, stringent climate policies, and energy security by focusing on the role of these policies in this relationship. We found that a 1 % increase in the environmental tax rate increases energy security by 0.01 %. In comparison, a 1 % increase in fossil fuel consumption reduces energy security by 0.05 %, and a 1 % increase in renewable energy reduces energy security by 0.07 %. We also found that stringent climate policies mitigate the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on energy security in European countries, as a 1 % increase in the combination of environmental tax rate and fossil fuel consumption contributes to energy security by 0.01 %. Finally, the results show that stringent climate policies reduce the negative impact of renewable energy consumption on energy security from 0.07 % to 0.017 %. These findings highlight the importance of stringent climate policies in maintaining and strengthening energy security in European countries.
{"title":"Energy security, energy consumption, and stringent climate policy in European Union countries: Is environmental tax effective?","authors":"Yanling Zhang, Thierry Yobouet Gnangoin","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2026.102045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2026.102045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the International Energy Agency, energy security means that energy sources are always available at an affordable price. However, the 2021 and 2022 energy crises and the current global situation raise concerns about energy availability and affordability. As countries, especially European countries, have started implementing stringent climate policies to prevent climate change and global warming, examining how these policies can mitigate climate change while ensuring energy security is critical. In so doing, we analyze the relationship between energy consumption, stringent climate policies, and energy security by focusing on the role of these policies in this relationship. We found that a 1 % increase in the environmental tax rate increases energy security by 0.01 %. In comparison, a 1 % increase in fossil fuel consumption reduces energy security by 0.05 %, and a 1 % increase in renewable energy reduces energy security by 0.07 %. We also found that stringent climate policies mitigate the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on energy security in European countries, as a 1 % increase in the combination of environmental tax rate and fossil fuel consumption contributes to energy security by 0.01 %. Finally, the results show that stringent climate policies reduce the negative impact of renewable energy consumption on energy security from 0.07 % to 0.017 %. These findings highlight the importance of stringent climate policies in maintaining and strengthening energy security in European countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2026.102047
Hui Wei , Jianmin Zhang
The electricity-carbon coupled markets have emerged as a pivotal mechanism for integrating renewable energy into virtual power plants and accelerating decarbonization in the power sector. With the diversification of virtual power plant types and the continued evolution of peer-to-peer trading in future energy markets, optimizing resource allocation and trading efficiency among multiple virtual power plants remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a novel contribution-driven peer-to-peer cooperative trading framework for multi-virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon coupled markets, highlighting multi-energy complementarity and low-carbon substitution. First, a contribution-based asymmetric Nash bargaining optimization model is developed by incorporating demand response and a tiered carbon trading mechanism, where each VPP's bargaining power is quantitatively determined by its marginal economic gains and emission-reduction contributions, enabling fair and incentive-compatible profit allocation. Second, the cooperative trading problem is decomposed into two subproblems to enhance computational efficiency: (1) alliance cost minimization and (2) benefit distribution. Furthermore, an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm-based distributed solution enables coordinated optimization while preserving the privacy of individual virtual power plants. Finally, simulation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results reveal that, compared to scenarios where multi-virtual power plants participate solely in the electricity market or operate independently, the cooperative approach under the proposed strategy increases benefits by ¥202.84 and ¥5,075.54, respectively, while reducing carbon emissions by 83 % and 114.69 %, respectively. Moreover, the proposed benefit allocation scheme accurately reflects each virtual power plant's contributions, ensuring fairness and sustainability in the trading process. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed model to drive low-carbon energy transitions while enhancing economic benefits, equity, and privacy.
{"title":"Contribution-driven cooperative trading strategy for multi-energy virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon coupled markets: An asymmetric Nash bargaining model","authors":"Hui Wei , Jianmin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2026.102047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2026.102047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electricity-carbon coupled markets have emerged as a pivotal mechanism for integrating renewable energy into virtual power plants and accelerating decarbonization in the power sector. With the diversification of virtual power plant types and the continued evolution of peer-to-peer trading in future energy markets, optimizing resource allocation and trading efficiency among multiple virtual power plants remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a novel contribution-driven peer-to-peer cooperative trading framework for multi-virtual power plants in the electricity-carbon coupled markets, highlighting multi-energy complementarity and low-carbon substitution. First, a contribution-based asymmetric Nash bargaining optimization model is developed by incorporating demand response and a tiered carbon trading mechanism, where each VPP's bargaining power is quantitatively determined by its marginal economic gains and emission-reduction contributions, enabling fair and incentive-compatible profit allocation. Second, the cooperative trading problem is decomposed into two subproblems to enhance computational efficiency: (1) alliance cost minimization and (2) benefit distribution. Furthermore, an alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm-based distributed solution enables coordinated optimization while preserving the privacy of individual virtual power plants. Finally, simulation studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The results reveal that, compared to scenarios where multi-virtual power plants participate solely in the electricity market or operate independently, the cooperative approach under the proposed strategy increases benefits by ¥202.84 and ¥5,075.54, respectively, while reducing carbon emissions by 83 % and 114.69 %, respectively. Moreover, the proposed benefit allocation scheme accurately reflects each virtual power plant's contributions, ensuring fairness and sustainability in the trading process. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed model to drive low-carbon energy transitions while enhancing economic benefits, equity, and privacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102047"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-19DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102003
Abdulateif A. Almulhim , Ahmed Samour , Maroua Chaouachi , Abdullah A. Aljughaiman
Corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings are receiving growing attention in the current literature. However, most empirical studies fail to examine whether corporate ESG ratings are influenced by financial globalization (FG). This study offers a novel perspective by investigating the impact of FG on ESG ratings using two distinct measures: ESG performance and ESG controversies. We use ordinary least squares (OLS) as the baseline model and employ a robust set of sensitivity analyses—including generalized method of moments (GMM)—to address potential endogeneity concerns. The sample includes 3909 listed firms from G7 countries, totaling 23,196 firm-year observations spanning 2014 to 2022. Using three dimensions of FG (overall, de facto, and de jure), we find that FG significantly enhances corporate sustainability performance by improving ESG performance. In particular, both de jure (legal and regulatory frameworks) and de facto (actual financial flows) dimensions of FG positively affect ESG performance. Additionally, all FG dimensions play a role in reducing ESG controversies. The impact of FG dimensions on ESG controversies is more pronounced in larger firms than in smaller firms. These findings suggest that relaxing restrictions on foreign investments and increasing actual cross-border capital flows positively contribute to corporate sustainability. Finally, the findings show corporate governance practices such as audit committee independence, number of board members, female board members, and board size, play a positive role in promoting the ESG performance. The results offer new evidence on the interplay between FG and ESG ratings, with important practical implications for leveraging FG to foster sustainable corporate practices.
{"title":"Financial globalization and corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings","authors":"Abdulateif A. Almulhim , Ahmed Samour , Maroua Chaouachi , Abdullah A. Aljughaiman","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratings are receiving growing attention in the current literature. However, most empirical studies fail to examine whether corporate ESG ratings are influenced by financial globalization (FG). This study offers a novel perspective by investigating the impact of FG on ESG ratings using two distinct measures: ESG performance and ESG controversies. We use ordinary least squares (OLS) as the baseline model and employ a robust set of sensitivity analyses—including generalized method of moments (GMM)—to address potential endogeneity concerns. The sample includes 3909 listed firms from G7 countries, totaling 23,196 firm-year observations spanning 2014 to 2022. Using three dimensions of FG (overall, de facto, and de jure), we find that FG significantly enhances corporate sustainability performance by improving ESG performance. In particular, both de jure (legal and regulatory frameworks) and de facto (actual financial flows) dimensions of FG positively affect ESG performance. Additionally, all FG dimensions play a role in reducing ESG controversies. The impact of FG dimensions on ESG controversies is more pronounced in larger firms than in smaller firms. These findings suggest that relaxing restrictions on foreign investments and increasing actual cross-border capital flows positively contribute to corporate sustainability. Finally, the findings show corporate governance practices such as audit committee independence, number of board members, female board members, and board size, play a positive role in promoting the ESG performance. The results offer new evidence on the interplay between FG and ESG ratings, with important practical implications for leveraging FG to foster sustainable corporate practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102003"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102006
Kobra Gharali , Saghar Sarshar , Behnam Rafiei , Seyedhossein Bahreinian , Roydon Fraser , Maurice B. Dusseault , Jatin Nathwani , M. Soltani
Canadian remote communities predominantly rely on diesel for electricity generation, resulting in high energy costs, environmental damage, unreliable services, and limitations on community development. To promote the widespread adoption of renewable energy (RE) in remote regions, a comprehensive assessment of their impacts on communities, constraints, and strategies for addressing obstacles is needed. This study reviews RE applications, including geothermal, wind, solar, biomass, and kinetic hydropower, in remote areas of Canada, highlighting resource potential, study methodologies, and associated environmental, economic, social, and policy dimensions. From 120 reviewed publications, hybrid/integrated systems have received the most attention (31 %). Simulation and optimization are the dominant methods (48 % and 45 %, respectively); TRNSYS is the most common simulation tool, while Homer and RETScreen are frequently applied in optimization studies. Adopting RE in remote communities benefits the environment by reducing GHG emissions, local pollutants, and noise, and may contribute to permafrost stability, though risks such as wildlife disturbance and visual impacts require careful siting and design. Economically, high upfront capital costs remain the main barrier, although long-term fuel savings can offset investments, and government incentives and financial support could help overcome this challenge. Socially, RE adoption enhances energy security, improves health and welfare, and creates jobs, but may also displace diesel-related employment, highlighting the importance of local ownership, respect for community values, and youth education in achieving community acceptance. On the policy side, despite growing federal funding, restrictive regulations, low power purchase rates, and policy instability hinder community participation, underscoring the need for supportive and inclusive frameworks.
{"title":"Renewable energy impacts on Canada's remote areas: A review study","authors":"Kobra Gharali , Saghar Sarshar , Behnam Rafiei , Seyedhossein Bahreinian , Roydon Fraser , Maurice B. Dusseault , Jatin Nathwani , M. Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Canadian remote communities predominantly rely on diesel for electricity generation, resulting in high energy costs, environmental damage, unreliable services, and limitations on community development. To promote the widespread adoption of renewable energy (RE) in remote regions, a comprehensive assessment of their impacts on communities, constraints, and strategies for addressing obstacles is needed. This study reviews RE applications, including geothermal, wind, solar, biomass, and kinetic hydropower, in remote areas of Canada, highlighting resource potential, study methodologies, and associated environmental, economic, social, and policy dimensions. From 120 reviewed publications, hybrid/integrated systems have received the most attention (31 %). Simulation and optimization are the dominant methods (48 % and 45 %, respectively); TRNSYS is the most common simulation tool, while Homer and RETScreen are frequently applied in optimization studies. Adopting RE in remote communities benefits the environment by reducing GHG emissions, local pollutants, and noise, and may contribute to permafrost stability, though risks such as wildlife disturbance and visual impacts require careful siting and design. Economically, high upfront capital costs remain the main barrier, although long-term fuel savings can offset investments, and government incentives and financial support could help overcome this challenge. Socially, RE adoption enhances energy security, improves health and welfare, and creates jobs, but may also displace diesel-related employment, highlighting the importance of local ownership, respect for community values, and youth education in achieving community acceptance. On the policy side, despite growing federal funding, restrictive regulations, low power purchase rates, and policy instability hinder community participation, underscoring the need for supportive and inclusive frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102006"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.102007
Seonho Lee , Doeun Choi , Kun-Yi Andrew Lin , Yiu Fai Tsang , Eilhann E. Kwon , Jechan Lee
Pyrolysis oil (PO), which is derived from the thermochemical conversion of waste, is a promising low-carbon fuel with the potential to at least partially substitute petroleum-based diesel. However, the direct utilization of PO in engines presents several challenges, including compositional heterogeneity, suboptimal engine efficiency, and economic constraints. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a strategy for enhancing fuel properties, improving combustion performance, and mitigating exhaust emissions. Recent studies have investigated integrated NPs into PO–diesel blends to enhance engine compatibility and environmental performance. This review summarizes the current advances in NP synthesis and evaluates physicochemical characteristics and engine performance of PO-based nanofuels. Adding NPs to PO–diesel blends can increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and decrease brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which extents depending on the type of NPs. CuO and graphene oxide NPs are found to be advantageous to improving overall fuel performance. Moreover, the key priorities for future research include reducing production costs, improving the compositional uniformity of PO, and evaluating the environmental and health effects associated with NP use.
{"title":"Nanoparticle additives for improving pyrolysis oil–diesel fuel blends","authors":"Seonho Lee , Doeun Choi , Kun-Yi Andrew Lin , Yiu Fai Tsang , Eilhann E. Kwon , Jechan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.102007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis oil (PO), which is derived from the thermochemical conversion of waste, is a promising low-carbon fuel with the potential to at least partially substitute petroleum-based diesel. However, the direct utilization of PO in engines presents several challenges, including compositional heterogeneity, suboptimal engine efficiency, and economic constraints. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) has emerged as a strategy for enhancing fuel properties, improving combustion performance, and mitigating exhaust emissions. Recent studies have investigated integrated NPs into PO–diesel blends to enhance engine compatibility and environmental performance. This review summarizes the current advances in NP synthesis and evaluates physicochemical characteristics and engine performance of PO-based nanofuels. Adding NPs to PO–diesel blends can increase brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and decrease brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), which extents depending on the type of NPs. CuO and graphene oxide NPs are found to be advantageous to improving overall fuel performance. Moreover, the key priorities for future research include reducing production costs, improving the compositional uniformity of PO, and evaluating the environmental and health effects associated with NP use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 102007"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101987
Ojonugwa Usman , Oktay Ozkan , Andrew Adewale Alola , George N. Ike
Global warming remains one of the greatest threats to the sustainability of the planet. The literature is replete with studies investigating the economic effects of global warming with very little attention being paid to the financial ramifications. To this end, the present study attempts to ascertain the predictive power of global warming for green financial assets (Clean Energy Index, Green Bond Index, World ESG Index, and Sustainability World Index) under bearish, normal and bullish market conditions. Employing a novel rolling windows wavelet quantile Granger causality testing procedure, which controls for time, frequency, and quantile asymmetries, findings reveal that the predictive power of global warming for green financial assets is more (less) stable across time at lower (higher) frequencies when markets are normal. In bearish and bullish markets, however, the predictability of global warming for green financial assets is observed to be more stable at higher frequencies and less stable at relatively lower frequencies. These results imply that global warming encourages low-frequency trading in normal markets, but induces relatively more speculative trading in bearish and bullish markets. Based on these findings, policy commendations are offered.
{"title":"Warming up the assets: Modelling the role of global warming on green financial assets under bearish, normal and bullish market conditions","authors":"Ojonugwa Usman , Oktay Ozkan , Andrew Adewale Alola , George N. Ike","doi":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.esr.2025.101987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming remains one of the greatest threats to the sustainability of the planet. The literature is replete with studies investigating the economic effects of global warming with very little attention being paid to the financial ramifications. To this end, the present study attempts to ascertain the predictive power of global warming for green financial assets (Clean Energy Index, Green Bond Index, World ESG Index, and Sustainability World Index) under bearish, normal and bullish market conditions. Employing a novel rolling windows wavelet quantile Granger causality testing procedure, which controls for time, frequency, and quantile asymmetries, findings reveal that the predictive power of global warming for green financial assets is more (less) stable across time at lower (higher) frequencies when markets are normal. In bearish and bullish markets, however, the predictability of global warming for green financial assets is observed to be more stable at higher frequencies and less stable at relatively lower frequencies. These results imply that global warming encourages low-frequency trading in normal markets, but induces relatively more speculative trading in bearish and bullish markets. Based on these findings, policy commendations are offered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11546,"journal":{"name":"Energy Strategy Reviews","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 101987"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145788958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2025.101999
Ali Taghavi , Taher Niknam , Sattar Shojaeiyan , Jose Rodriguez
Hydrogen presents a unique opportunity to transform Integrated Energy Systems (IES) by enhancing efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability across electricity, heat, and transport sectors. This comprehensive review examines hydrogen’s complete supply chain — production, storage, and transportation — as a strategic backbone for IES, departing from traditional perspectives that examine these components in isolation. The paper synthesizes recent advancements in hydrogen production (e.g., green electrolysis, blue SMR), storage (e.g., gaseous, liquid, and solid-state methods), and transportation (e.g., pipelines and chemical carriers), emphasizing their integration within IES. Additionally, the review assesses emerging technologies, such as increasingly cost-competitive green hydrogen and advanced storage materials, while identifying key research gaps and challenges related to scalability and economic viability. Notably, the cost of green hydrogen has decreased to USD 3.7–11.7 per kg (average USD 4.5–6/kg in Europe), with projections indicating a further reduction driven by declining renewable energy costs and electrolyzer advancements. The study analyzes recent literature and systematically summarizes key findings into comparative tables to offer a structured overview, facilitating a clear understanding of technological advancements and research trends. Furthermore, real-world hydrogen projects are discussed within each section, demonstrating practical implementations and existing challenges in the field. This paper synthesizes cutting-edge developments, real-world applications, and critical gaps — including cost reduction, material scalability, and system optimization — proposing research directions and policy strategies to overcome barriers. it frames hydrogen as a strategic enabler of decarbonization, aligning with SDG 7. This work proposes a roadmap for researchers, engineers, and policymakers, highlighting policy incentives, research priorities, and quantitative insights to shape energy strategies.
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