Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-758-769
Evgen Pavlov, E. V. Maltsev, Andrey A. Guschinskiy, A. P. Skuratov, S. Belyaev
The paper formulated the basic principle of technological refining of platinum metals, their transfer into the solution at the first stage. Ways of transfer of platinum metals in soluble form, a method of intensification of pro-process. Justified and selected factors has a key influence on the process of the preliminary mechanical activation and subsequent sintering of hard middling ы refining barium peroxide. Proposed and applied a flexible method of planning the study, which combines an element of uncertainty with a certain deterministic description of the statistical results. Six-factor mathematical model of the optimized process are obtained, the correlation coefficient of which with the experiment is 0.92. The optimal parameters and performed their experimental testing. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
{"title":"The Intensification of the Process of Opening Thrust Middlings Refining Industry (Part-4. Optimization of the Interaction of Persistent Industrial Products Refinery Production of Barium Per-Oxide After their Joint Mechanical Activation)","authors":"Evgen Pavlov, E. V. Maltsev, Andrey A. Guschinskiy, A. P. Skuratov, S. Belyaev","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-758-769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-758-769","url":null,"abstract":"The paper formulated the basic principle of technological refining of platinum metals, their transfer into the solution at the first stage. Ways of transfer of platinum metals in soluble form, a method of intensification of pro-process. Justified and selected factors has a key influence on the process of the preliminary mechanical activation and subsequent sintering of hard middling ы refining barium peroxide. Proposed and applied a flexible method of planning the study, which combines an element of uncertainty with a certain deterministic description of the statistical results. Six-factor mathematical model of the optimized process are obtained, the correlation coefficient of which with the experiment is 0.92. The optimal parameters and performed their experimental testing. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Обычная таблица\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":"758-769"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83348175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-632-642
Iuliia D. Ditkovskaia, S. Sidelnikov, Nikolay N. Dovjhenko, O. Lebedeva, Kristina Bindareva
The results of computer-aided design of deformed semi-finished products manufacturing technological processes for the jewelry chains from new alloys of precious metals production are presented. Algorithms and automated calculations adequacy confirmed by computer simulation and physical modeling of bar rolling and drawing processes. Using data on the mechanical properties of new gold, palladium and silver alloys, patented by the authors, the energy-power equipment load of the subject to the limitations on permissible rolling forces and torques are calculated. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
{"title":"Computer Simulation and Automated Calculation of Parameters for Process and Receipt of Deformed Semi-Finished Products of New Precious Metals Alloys for Jewelry Chains Production","authors":"Iuliia D. Ditkovskaia, S. Sidelnikov, Nikolay N. Dovjhenko, O. Lebedeva, Kristina Bindareva","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-632-642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-632-642","url":null,"abstract":"The results of computer-aided design of deformed semi-finished products manufacturing technological processes for the jewelry chains from new alloys of precious metals production are presented. Algorithms and automated calculations adequacy confirmed by computer simulation and physical modeling of bar rolling and drawing processes. Using data on the mechanical properties of new gold, palladium and silver alloys, patented by the authors, the energy-power equipment load of the subject to the limitations on permissible rolling forces and torques are calculated. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Обычная таблица\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\"; mso-ascii-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"30 1","pages":"632-642"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90501449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-714-723
E. N. Marakushina, V. Frizorger, D. Lazarev, Mikhail I. Krak, P. N. Kuznetsov, F. A. Buryukin
800x600 Aluminium smelting industry is the biggest consumer of coal tar pitch, but the use of pitch causes numerous problems because of some economic and environmental factors. Russia’s growing deficit is covered by import deliveries, which cannot guarantee a secure future. At the same time stricter environmental sanctions related to the use of coal tar pitch as a source of cancer-inducing emissions, are supporting the search for alternative raw materials and the development of new pitch binder production techniques. Given that the known reserves of bituminous coal will be sufficient to last for 230 years at the current production rates as opposed to the oil reserves that will be enough for 40 years only, it becomes obvious that the development of a pitch binder production technique based on thermochemical processing of coals is a promising direction to follow. Investigations were carried out to dissolve coals thermo-chemically in various organic solvents at varying levels of temperature, pressure, and reaction times. It was shown how mechanic activation and ultrasonic exposure affect the degree of organic coal mass extraction. The methods of vacuum and atmospheric distillation were used to produce pitch products from coal extracts. It was demonstrated that the use of coking additives, including nano-modified carbon, helps improve the application properties of pitch products. Large-sized samples of coal tar pitch were used to produce trial lots of anode paste for Soederberg anodes. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";}
{"title":"Study of Alternative Methods for Preparing the Pitch Binder for the Anode Paste","authors":"E. N. Marakushina, V. Frizorger, D. Lazarev, Mikhail I. Krak, P. N. Kuznetsov, F. A. Buryukin","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-714-723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-714-723","url":null,"abstract":"800x600 Aluminium smelting industry is the biggest consumer of coal tar pitch, but the use of pitch causes numerous problems because of some economic and environmental factors. Russia’s growing deficit is covered by import deliveries, which cannot guarantee a secure future. At the same time stricter environmental sanctions related to the use of coal tar pitch as a source of cancer-inducing emissions, are supporting the search for alternative raw materials and the development of new pitch binder production techniques. Given that the known reserves of bituminous coal will be sufficient to last for 230 years at the current production rates as opposed to the oil reserves that will be enough for 40 years only, it becomes obvious that the development of a pitch binder production technique based on thermochemical processing of coals is a promising direction to follow. Investigations were carried out to dissolve coals thermo-chemically in various organic solvents at varying levels of temperature, pressure, and reaction times. It was shown how mechanic activation and ultrasonic exposure affect the degree of organic coal mass extraction. The methods of vacuum and atmospheric distillation were used to produce pitch products from coal extracts. It was demonstrated that the use of coking additives, including nano-modified carbon, helps improve the application properties of pitch products. Large-sized samples of coal tar pitch were used to produce trial lots of anode paste for Soederberg anodes. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Обычная таблица\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Calibri\",\"sans-serif\";}","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"16 6 1","pages":"714-723"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91176913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-731-743
Markus W. Meier, R. Perruchoud, J. Wyss
800x600 Expansion of the Russian aluminium smelting is foreseen by using high amperage Rusal prebaked pot technology. For a high productivity of such modern smelters - thanks high amperage but also high current efficiency, but also for low energy consumption - the performance of the prebaked anodes is decisive. Bench mark anode quality is therefore critical for low metal production cost. The intrinsic quality of anodes depends on the raw materials, mainly on the coke properties, and on the production equipment and their operating parameter conditions. Based on a review of the domestic available green cokes, a prediction of the corresponding calcined coke blend and of the prebaked anode properties has been performed. Provided that a state of the art carbon plant installation is available, including the rodding shop for the butts quality, the bench mark quality of the prebaked anodes made with a representative coke blend has been defined. This forecast of the best achievable anode quality will be the basis for technical assessments of the performance of existing and future Russian carbon plants. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}
{"title":"Bench Mark Prebaked Anode Production with Russian Raw Materials","authors":"Markus W. Meier, R. Perruchoud, J. Wyss","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-731-743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-731-743","url":null,"abstract":"800x600 Expansion of the Russian aluminium smelting is foreseen by using high amperage Rusal prebaked pot technology. For a high productivity of such modern smelters - thanks high amperage but also high current efficiency, but also for low energy consumption - the performance of the prebaked anodes is decisive. Bench mark anode quality is therefore critical for low metal production cost. The intrinsic quality of anodes depends on the raw materials, mainly on the coke properties, and on the production equipment and their operating parameter conditions. Based on a review of the domestic available green cokes, a prediction of the corresponding calcined coke blend and of the prebaked anode properties has been performed. Provided that a state of the art carbon plant installation is available, including the rodding shop for the butts quality, the bench mark quality of the prebaked anodes made with a representative coke blend has been defined. This forecast of the best achievable anode quality will be the basis for technical assessments of the performance of existing and future Russian carbon plants. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Обычная таблица\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\",\"serif\";}","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"53 1","pages":"731-743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77712235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-657-670
V. V. Kondratyev, A. Karlina, A. A. Nemarov, N. Ivanov
This paper presents theoretical calculations and the results of laboratory experiments showing that almost all quartzite, carried away as a fine dust phase in gas removal and gas cleaning, presented spheroidized microand nanoparticles of SiO2. It takes the dust of gas purification from the class of “waste” in class “product” if carbon impurities, which invariably accompanies in a fine dust, will be removed. As a result of studying the properties of the dust production of silicon revealed that 85 % of it represented with spheroidized particles of SiO2, and the resulting amounts of dust makes a promising source for production. The best process for extracting the associated carbon nanotubes is flotation. Floating particles of micro and nano-sized particles should be carried out in a laminar flow of the pulp with the fewest basic flotation cycles. In the thick layer of watery foam microspheres and nanospheres of silica are washed away in the chamber of the product interbubble channels. Flotation air bubbles should be nano and micro size. Initial bubbles emerging from the aerator must be close to monodisperse distribution. The reagents used need to be more soluble in water than conventional. As the aerator should be used pneumohydraulic aerator. To activate hydrophilized particles of valuable component need to use pressure flotation. To reduce energy consumption and time of flotation need the smallest number of elementary cycles of flotation (ETSF). Before and after the flotation conglomerates of valuable component particles with other particles should be broken, as well as to make the necessary removal of impurities of the sand slurry. The results demonstrated that as a co-product along with the metallurgical silicon is formed a large amount of dust containing up to 85 % of spheroidized microand nanoparticles of silicon dioxide and up to 10 % carbon nanotube content and other nanoparticles. Enrichment product possible to 99.5 %. Further enrichment requires additional research.
{"title":"The Results of Theoretical and Practical Studies of Flotation of Nanoscale Silicon Structures","authors":"V. V. Kondratyev, A. Karlina, A. A. Nemarov, N. Ivanov","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-657-670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-657-670","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents theoretical calculations and the results of laboratory experiments showing that almost all quartzite, carried away as a fine dust phase in gas removal and gas cleaning, presented spheroidized microand nanoparticles of SiO2. It takes the dust of gas purification from the class of “waste” in class “product” if carbon impurities, which invariably accompanies in a fine dust, will be removed. As a result of studying the properties of the dust production of silicon revealed that 85 % of it represented with spheroidized particles of SiO2, and the resulting amounts of dust makes a promising source for production. The best process for extracting the associated carbon nanotubes is flotation. Floating particles of micro and nano-sized particles should be carried out in a laminar flow of the pulp with the fewest basic flotation cycles. In the thick layer of watery foam microspheres and nanospheres of silica are washed away in the chamber of the product interbubble channels. Flotation air bubbles should be nano and micro size. Initial bubbles emerging from the aerator must be close to monodisperse distribution. The reagents used need to be more soluble in water than conventional. As the aerator should be used pneumohydraulic aerator. To activate hydrophilized particles of valuable component need to use pressure flotation. To reduce energy consumption and time of flotation need the smallest number of elementary cycles of flotation (ETSF). Before and after the flotation conglomerates of valuable component particles with other particles should be broken, as well as to make the necessary removal of impurities of the sand slurry. The results demonstrated that as a co-product along with the metallurgical silicon is formed a large amount of dust containing up to 85 % of spheroidized microand nanoparticles of silicon dioxide and up to 10 % carbon nanotube content and other nanoparticles. Enrichment product possible to 99.5 %. Further enrichment requires additional research.","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"50 1","pages":"657-670"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-643-656
G. Dobra, A. Kiselev, L. Filipescu, Vicol Alistarh, Nicolae Anghelovici, Sorin Iliev
Chemical analysis, classical or instrumental using ICP and the XRF spectrometry, offers complete information on elemental composition and major chemical constituents of bauxite and bauxite residues resulted from the Bayer process. The XRD diffractometric analysis provides information on quantitative mineralogical composition of these materials and it enables the real identification of main chemical combinations, whose reactivity is essential in driving the process of obtaining alumina through the Bayer process. Mineralogical components identified in the bauxite samples were Gibbsite (30-40 %), Al – goethite (20-30 %) and hematite (less than 5 %). About 40 % of the Sierra Leone bauxite mineralogical phases were found in amorphous state, but all these amorphous phases are also originating from the above crystalline components, under the excessive wearing during bauxite deposit formation and its metamorphic transformations. The minor crystalline components from bauxite are: kaolin, quartz, zircon, ilmenite and anatase, but their concentration is below 2 % (close to the detection limit of the XRD analysis). The main mineralogical components identified in red mud are the Al-goethite (35 %) and the hematite (12 %). The minor crystalline components from red mud are: gibbsite, katoite, sodalite, calcite, rutile and anatase. Experimental data of this type of bauxite have shown that a compact mass of approximately 50-55 % of bauxite passes fully untransformed through all important stages of the Bayer process. This material of uniform size and composition can form a structure with low hydraulic resistance, easy filterable both on conventional or hyperbaric steam filters.
{"title":"Full Analysis of Sierra Leone Bauxite and Possibilities of Bauxite Residue Filtration","authors":"G. Dobra, A. Kiselev, L. Filipescu, Vicol Alistarh, Nicolae Anghelovici, Sorin Iliev","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-643-656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-643-656","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical analysis, classical or instrumental using ICP and the XRF spectrometry, offers complete information on elemental composition and major chemical constituents of bauxite and bauxite residues resulted from the Bayer process. The XRD diffractometric analysis provides information on quantitative mineralogical composition of these materials and it enables the real identification of main chemical combinations, whose reactivity is essential in driving the process of obtaining alumina through the Bayer process. Mineralogical components identified in the bauxite samples were Gibbsite (30-40 %), Al – goethite (20-30 %) and hematite (less than 5 %). About 40 % of the Sierra Leone bauxite mineralogical phases were found in amorphous state, but all these amorphous phases are also originating from the above crystalline components, under the excessive wearing during bauxite deposit formation and its metamorphic transformations. The minor crystalline components from bauxite are: kaolin, quartz, zircon, ilmenite and anatase, but their concentration is below 2 % (close to the detection limit of the XRD analysis). The main mineralogical components identified in red mud are the Al-goethite (35 %) and the hematite (12 %). The minor crystalline components from red mud are: gibbsite, katoite, sodalite, calcite, rutile and anatase. Experimental data of this type of bauxite have shown that a compact mass of approximately 50-55 % of bauxite passes fully untransformed through all important stages of the Bayer process. This material of uniform size and composition can form a structure with low hydraulic resistance, easy filterable both on conventional or hyperbaric steam filters.","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"643-656"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74876398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-750-757
T. A. Bogdanova, N. Dovzhenko, G. Merkulova, T. Gilmanshina, Maria V. Vaag, Natalia V. Grudinina, F. R. Latypov
Possibility of using of aluminum A7 instead of A8 to reduce the cost automobile wheel discs, made from alloy AK12 by casting under low pressure is studied. The microstructure and properties of six experimental alloys are investigated. It is found that use of primary aluminum A7 instead of A8 is possible at insertion of a compensator element-manganese in an amount of not more than 0.20–0.25 wt %. at the content of iron is not more than 0.20-0.25 wt. %, that is ratio Fe: Mn has to be equal 1: 1. The mechanical properties demanded GOST 50511-93 are received.
{"title":"Investigation of influence of compensator element on the structure and properties of the alloy AK12","authors":"T. A. Bogdanova, N. Dovzhenko, G. Merkulova, T. Gilmanshina, Maria V. Vaag, Natalia V. Grudinina, F. R. Latypov","doi":"10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-750-757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-750-757","url":null,"abstract":"Possibility of using of aluminum A7 instead of A8 to reduce the cost automobile wheel discs, made from alloy AK12 by casting under low pressure is studied. The microstructure and properties of six experimental alloys are investigated. It is found that use of primary aluminum A7 instead of A8 is possible at insertion of a compensator element-manganese in an amount of not more than 0.20–0.25 wt %. at the content of iron is not more than 0.20-0.25 wt. %, that is ratio Fe: Mn has to be equal 1: 1. The mechanical properties demanded GOST 50511-93 are received.","PeriodicalId":11548,"journal":{"name":"Engineering & Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":"750-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75220110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-770-781
A. Proshkin, V. Pingin, I. A. Yarosh
Seams of traditional insulating and refractory materials, reduce gas-density of a laying and are places of receipt of aggressive liquid and gaseous components in heat-insulating part of cells cathodes. It causes growth of thermal losses and reduces cells service life. Unshaped material materials which are in a disperse state are considerably deprived of such shortcomings. High efficiency at their production and application caused expansion of scales of their application. However need of careful selection of particle size distribution and strong consolidation of dry barrier mixes, possibility of their division according to fractions in the course of installation increases their cost and imposes certain restrictions on their use. In work results of laboratory, theoretical and industrial researches new unshaped materials with use of products of pyrolysis of coals of the Kansk and Achinsk pool which advantage in relation to the traditional unshaped materials is good physical and working properties and low cost are presented. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Обычная таблица"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
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Pub Date : 2016-03-13DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-5-671-685
V. V. Kondratyev, N. Ivanov, A. E. Balanovskiy, N. N. Ivanchik, A. Karlina
Increasing requirements in terms of performance in modern industry forced to use materials that can operate at higher loads. For metallurgical industry production increasingly require the casting of gray cast iron (GI) high marks. Improving the properties of cast iron and steel is achieved only through the effective doping and modification, allowing to eliminate defects, to grind grain. Currently, the industry uses over 500 existing types of modifiers, most of them are multicomponent. Amount of various additives vary from 2 to 15 components. Very often the main component of additives is silicon – effective graphitizer and deoxidizer. Additives remaining components serve to enhance the effect of modification, increase “survivability” of modifiers, and to change the shape of inclusions of graphite in the iron. Frequently alloying additives are rare earth metals, and other components, considerably raising the price of the final product. At present, the highly competitive component requires an efficiency modifiers, considering the economic component. For this purpose, this paper investigated the effect of nano-additives with high chemical reactivity of carbon and silicon. The theoretical aspects of the modification and the main difficulties that do not fit into the framework of the theory of nucleation are explored. Cast iron modification process made by three different formulations of modifiers, including: Composition 1 – Replaced 50 % of standard metallurgical graphite particulate graphitic carbon with a content of 0.20 % by weight. carbon multiwalled nanotubes. Composition 2 – nanograins silica (89-90 %) + amorphous carbon in different concentrations. Composition 3 – blend compositions 1 and 2 in the proportion of 30 to 70 %. Smelting of gray iron took place in standard mode according to the current smelting technology instruction. Casting the melt in two ways: 1) Fill the melt on top of the modifier 2) “sandwich” process. Evaluation of modifier performed using test strength at break the modified samples. Modifiers all formulations showed a temporary increase in resistance (HB). The tested samples were subjected to the study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The theoretical justification of efficiency of dispersed mixed modifiers
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Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-2016-9-2-174-188
A. M. Sazonov, Natalja A. Nekrasova, E. Zvyagina, P. Tishin
~ ~ ~ Data of isotope geochronological researches of zircons by U-Pb method, also results of Ar-Ar method researches of muscovites from the gold-bearing ores, surrounding schists and granites of the Panimba gold deposit in the Yenisey Ridge are presented. Regional metamorphism of the lower Riphean Kordinskaya suite terrigene sediments, containing ore bodies, took place in the interval of 996,0±32 - 889,0±26,6 Ma. The graniteforming and contact metamorphism of schists in the ore field of the mineral deposit have occurred on a boundary of 868,9±6,5 Ma. The absolute age of the quartz gold sulphide orebearing veins lies in the interval of 817,2±5,3 - 744±17 Ma (by muscovite with Ar-Ar method) and 815,0±37,6 - 762,3±33,3 Ma (by zircon from ore schists with U-Pb method). The long history of development of the Yenisei Range from Upper Archean to Upper Paleozoic was reflected in an accessory zircon of ore schists.
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