Engineering Geology最新文献_第8页

Prediction of static liquefaction landslides in loess: Integrating triaxial shear parameters into the sliding-block model 黄土静力液化滑坡预测：将三轴剪切参数纳入滑块模型

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108549

Fanyu Zhang , Jianbing Peng , Yixiao Zhang , Yapeng Wang , Tongwei Zhang

Static liquefaction landslides are among the most catastrophic geohazards, causing severe casualties and damage worldwide. The rapid mobility of this kind of landslide is the most spectacular in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). However, it has been challenging to accurately predict initiation and failure in static liquefaction loess landslides. Here, we conduct a series of undrained triaxial compression tests on undisturbed and remolded loess samples in CLP, compiling a comprehensive database of undrained triaxial compression tests on saturated loess that combines current and published triaxial tests. Based on the database, we analyze the relationship between the normalized stress ratio and pore water pressure ratio within a stress state framework, then obtain two fitted parameters at the instability and failure points. The two ratios and the fitted parameters are integrated into the limit equilibrium equation to build a sliding-block model. The model accurately predicts the factor of safety against initiation and failure of eight static liquefaction loess landslides and one unfailed loess slope. The scanning electron microscope images and grain size distribution confirm that the packing structure affects shear behavior and the critical state locus in triaxial tests. Pore water pressure and boundary parameters in landslides are more sensitive to changes than those parameters extracted from the triaxial laboratory in the sliding-block model. Finally, we develop a hydro-mechanical coupling criterion for predicting the instability and failure of future static liquefaction landslides. These results show that the novel sliding-block model bridges the gap between triaxial shear parameters and slope field stability conditions. Our findings indicate that the model can serve as an effective method for predicting static liquefaction landslides in loess and other soil types.

静态液化滑坡是最具灾难性的地质灾害之一，在世界范围内造成严重的人员伤亡和损失。这种滑坡的快速移动是中国黄土高原最为壮观的。然而，如何准确预测静态液化黄土滑坡的起裂和破坏一直是一个挑战。在这里，我们对CLP原状和重塑黄土样品进行了一系列不排水三轴压缩试验，并将现有和已发表的三轴试验结合起来，编制了饱和黄土不排水三轴压缩试验的综合数据库。在此基础上，分析了应力状态框架下归一化应力比与孔隙水压力比的关系，得到了失稳点和破坏点的两个拟合参数。将这两个比值和拟合参数积分到极限平衡方程中，建立滑块模型。该模型准确地预测了9个静态液化黄土滑坡的起爆破坏安全系数。扫描电镜图像和晶粒尺寸分布证实了填料结构对剪切性能和三轴试验临界状态轨迹的影响。滑块模型中孔隙水压力和边界参数比三轴实验室提取的参数变化更为敏感。最后，我们建立了一个预测未来静态液化滑坡失稳和破坏的水-力耦合准则。这些结果表明，新的滑块模型弥补了三轴剪切参数与边坡现场稳定条件之间的差距。研究结果表明，该模型可作为预测黄土和其他土壤类型静力液化诱发滑坡的有效方法。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying groundwater level variability and annual slope failure probability using multi-year groundwater level observations 利用多年地下水位观测量化地下水位变化和年度边坡破坏概率

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108584

Dianqing Li , Junjie Wang , Yu Wang , Xin Liu

The variation in groundwater level (GL) has been recognized as an important triggering factor of landslides and often exhibits high uncertainty. Most existing slope reliability analysis and landslide risk assessment studies ignored the uncertainty of GL and focused on estimating slope failure probability that is not related to a time period. This study proposes a rigorous method for quantifying the annual failure probability (P_FA) of slopes considering both uncertainties in GL and soil properties. Multi-year groundwater monitoring data are utilized to quantify the annual exceedance probability of GL through a statistical analysis. A series of GL scenarios corresponding to different return periods or exceedance probabilities is generated and used to estimate the corresponding conditional slope failure probabilities. These conditional probabilities are combined using the Total Probability Theorem to estimate P_FA. The results from a real slope indicate that the conditional slope failure probability increases exponentially as GL rises. The variability in GL dominates P_FA when the variability of soil properties is relatively low (e.g., coefficient of variation, COV = 0.1). Conversely, when the variability of soil properties is relatively high (e.g., COV ≥ 0.3), P_FA is dominated by soil uncertainties, and the conditional failure probability becomes insensitive to GL fluctuations. This highlights the importance of monitoring groundwater conditions in quantifying and mitigating landslide risks. Preliminary validation indicates that GL scenarios corresponding to a return period of 10 to 15 years can be used as representative GL conditions for evaluating P_FA, offering a practical guidance for slope design engineering.

地下水位变化是滑坡发生的重要触发因素，具有较高的不确定性。现有的大多数边坡可靠度分析和滑坡风险评估研究都忽略了GL的不确定性，而侧重于估算与时间段无关的边坡破坏概率。本文提出了一种考虑GL和土壤性质不确定性的边坡年破坏概率（PFA）量化方法。利用多年地下水监测资料，通过统计分析，量化了GL年超标概率。生成对应不同回归期或超过概率的一系列GL情景，用于估算相应的条件边坡破坏概率。使用全概率定理将这些条件概率组合起来估计PFA。对一个实际边坡的计算结果表明，随着GL的增大，边坡的条件破坏概率呈指数增长。当土壤性质的变异性较低时（如变异系数，COV = 0.1）， GL的变异性占主导地位。相反，当土壤性质变异性较大时（如COV≥0.3），PFA以土壤不确定性为主，条件失效概率对GL波动不敏感。这突出了监测地下水状况在量化和减轻滑坡风险方面的重要性。初步验证表明，回归期为10 ~ 15年的GL情景可作为评价PFA的代表性GL条件，对边坡设计工程具有实际指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Lithology dependent pathways of forming rock mass weakness plane shape regional landslide susceptibility 岩体软弱面形成的岩性依赖路径决定了区域滑坡易感性

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108586

Yifan Zhang , Zhenni Jiang , Chunhao Wu , Peng Cui , Weilin Kong , Yusheng Li , Shujian Yi

Rock mass weakness planes are mechanically unfavored discontinuities that control slope stability. However, their spatial pattern is poorly understood, limiting advances in regional landslide assessment. In this study, we propose a multi-explainable machine learning framework to predict the distribution of weakness planes and quantify their contribution to landslides. Focusing on southeastern Tibet, the study investigates 194 field outcrops of rock mass weakness planes, integrating geological section comparisons and driving factor analyses to reveal spatial heterogeneity and the evolvement of weakness plane. Rock mass weakness planes are denser in lithologically weak and structurally damaged rock masses, and less developed in gentler, sparsely faulted terrains. Comparative analysis of geological sections indicates that pre-existing discontinuities are essential preconditions for developing weakness planes, whereas precipitation acts as an activator. The controlling factors vary with lithology, indicating that material and structure govern how efficiently exogenic processes transform discontinuities into weakness planes. By considering weakness plane during susceptibility assessment, performances were improved (Recall increased by 4.6–6.8%, AUC increased by 3.1–5.6%). This work constructs the regional-scale model for continuous prediction of rock mass weakness planes. It links lithology-dependent formation mechanisms of rock mass weakness plane to slope instability, providing a process-based framework for interpreting landslide development and improving landslide susceptibility assessment.

岩体软弱面是控制边坡稳定性的机械上不利的不连续面。然而，人们对其空间格局了解甚少，限制了区域滑坡评价的进展。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个多可解释的机器学习框架来预测软弱面的分布并量化它们对滑坡的贡献。以藏东南地区为研究对象，对194个野外露头岩体软弱面进行了调查，结合地质剖面对比和驱动因素分析，揭示了岩体软弱面的空间异质性和演化规律。在岩性薄弱和构造破坏的岩体中，岩体软弱面密度较大，而在较平缓、断裂较少的地形中，岩体软弱面发育较少。地质剖面对比分析表明，已存在的不连续面是弱面发育的必要前提条件，而降水则是弱面发育的激活剂。控制因素随岩性的不同而不同，表明物质和结构控制着外生过程如何有效地将不连续面转化为弱面。在药敏评价中考虑弱点面，提高了评价效果（召回率提高4.6 ~ 6.8%，AUC提高3.1 ~ 5.6%）。本文建立了岩体软弱面连续预测的区域尺度模型。它将岩体软弱面岩性依赖的形成机制与边坡失稳联系起来，为解释滑坡发展和改进滑坡易感性评价提供了一个基于过程的框架。

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引用次数: 0

A simple TDR waveform analysis for estimating volumetric water content in marine clays 估算海相粘土体积含水量的简单TDR波形分析

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108567

Won-Taek Hong , Eun Sang Lee , Hyojung Ko , Wooseok Choi , Hyunwook Choo

In electrically conductive media such as marine clays, the strong attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) wave energy significantly complicates the determination of travel time, limiting the applicability of traditional time domain reflectometry (TDR) methods for estimating volumetric water content. This study presents an alternative approach that utilizes characteristic voltages in TDR waveforms—specifically, the normalized voltage ratio (V_f/V₀)—to estimate the volumetric water content (θ_v) and electrical conductivity of marine clays; this approach can be applied even when travel time cannot be determined. Laboratory experiments were conducted on kaolin and bentonite clays with θ_v between 26.9 and 86.8%, saturated with a 0.5 M NaCl solution. The results show that, for both clay types, V_f/V₀ was highly sensitive to changes in θ_v and strongly correlated with bulk electrical conductivity, regardless of their mineralogical differences. Empirical relationships were developed to estimate θ_v for each clay, and a generalized model applicable to tested clays with θ_v > 50% was proposed, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of 2.5%. This study demonstrates that waveform-based analysis using characteristic voltages can serve as a reliable alternative to traditional travel time-based TDR techniques, thereby expanding the applicability of TDR in highly conductive saline environments such as marine clays.

在海相粘土等导电介质中，电磁波（EM）能量的强烈衰减使走时的测定变得非常复杂，限制了传统时域反射法（TDR）估算体积含水量的适用性。本研究提出了一种替代方法，利用TDR波形中的特征电压-特别是归一化电压比（Vf/V0）来估计海洋粘土的体积含水量（θv）和电导率；这种方法即使在旅行时间不能确定的情况下也可以应用。以θv值为26.9 ~ 86.8%的高岭土和膨润土为实验材料，用0.5 M NaCl溶液饱和。结果表明，对于两种粘土类型，无论其矿物学差异如何，Vf/V0对θv的变化高度敏感，且与体电导率密切相关。建立了经验关系来估计每种粘土的θv，并提出了适用于θv >； 50%的测试粘土的广义模型，平均绝对百分比误差为2.5%。该研究表明，使用特征电压的基于波形的分析可以作为传统基于旅行时间的TDR技术的可靠替代方案，从而扩大了TDR在高导电性盐水环境（如海洋粘土）中的适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning approaches to predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of granite from image-derived mineralogical features 从图像矿物学特征预测花岗岩单轴抗压强度的机器学习方法

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108571

Changdi He , Brijes Mishra , Yuan Li , Jessica Michelle Wempen

This study uses machine learning (ML) models to predict the numerically simulated uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of granite directly from digital images. Specifically, the images were processed using an in-house Digital Image Processing (DIP) tool to estimate mineralogical features (used as input features for the ML models), including mineral content, grain size, and spatial distribution. Mineral content and distribution were quantified using

m

-harmonic Fourier series equations, whereas mineral grain size was determined using the 4-connectivity method. The target UCS values were derived from the 2D physically informed Subspring Network Breakable Voronoi (SNBV) microstructural models, replicating the mineralogical features observed in the granite images. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models with different input combinations and hyperparameter optimization methods were trained and evaluated on 126 granite images using a single train/test split and repeated 5-fold cross-validation. Results indicate that the input combination of mineral content, grain size, and spatial distribution parameters from

m

-harmonic Fourier series combined with SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP)-based feature selection, yield the best and robust performance, whereas increasing the harmonic order has a limited effect on accuracy. Among the tested optimization methods, the Optuna–XGBoost model achieved the best performance. In addition, UCS prediction is controlled mainly by the content and grain size of biotite and plagioclase, while the corresponding attributes of quartz/K-feldspar, as well as overall mineral distribution play a comparatively minor role.

本研究使用机器学习（ML）模型直接从数字图像中预测数值模拟的花岗岩单轴抗压强度（UCS）。具体来说，使用内部数字图像处理（DIP）工具对图像进行处理，以估计矿物学特征（用作ML模型的输入特征），包括矿物含量、粒度和空间分布。矿物含量和分布采用m-调和傅立叶级数方程量化，矿物粒度采用4连通性方法确定。目标UCS值来自2D物理信息Subspring Network Breakable Voronoi （SNBV）微观结构模型，复制了花岗岩图像中观察到的矿物学特征。采用单训练/测试分割和重复5倍交叉验证的方法，对126幅花岗岩图像进行了训练和评估，并对不同输入组合和超参数优化方法的极端梯度增强（XGBoost）模型进行了训练和评估。结果表明，矿物含量、粒度和空间分布参数的m-谐波傅立叶级数输入组合与SHapley加性解释（SHAP）特征选择相结合，可以获得最佳的鲁棒性性能，而增加谐波阶数对准确性的影响有限。在测试的优化方法中，Optuna-XGBoost模型的性能最好。此外，UCS预测主要受黑云母和斜长石的含量和粒度控制，石英/钾长石的相应属性以及整体矿物分布的影响相对较小。

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引用次数: 0

Field and numerical investigations of canal damage characteristics and mechanisms under coupled drying-wetting and freezing-thawing cycles 干湿-冻融耦合循环条件下渠系损伤特征及机理的现场与数值研究

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108587

Haoyuan Jiang , Mingyi Zhang , Zhengzhong Wang , Wansheng Pei , Jianrui Ge , Zhengyi Wang

Canals are essential for water transfer in cold and arid regions. However, they are vulnerable to damage under drying-wetting and freezing-thawing cycles, with wetting during freezing–thawing periods significantly intensifying frost damage. Yet, the underlying mechanisms involving heat-water-deformation interactions remain insufficiently quantified. This study employs field monitoring to investigate temperature, water content, and deformation behaviors in canals. Then, a coupled water-heat numerical model incorporating seepage effects was developed and applied to analyze how leakage increases soil moisture and exacerbates frost damage. Results show that canal temperatures are controlled by water temperature and leakage during water supply, and by air temperature and solar radiation during water cut-off, with freeze–thaw transitions further modulating thermal behavior. Shady slopes freeze more readily, whereas sunny slopes experience greater evaporative loss. Spring irrigation sharply lowers the 0 °C isotherm below water level, triggering peak frost heave at its onset, followed by rapid thawing. Frost heave is lowest on sunny slopes and greatest at mid-shady slopes, with maximum differences exceeding sixfold. After thawing, minor slippage occurs on shady slopes, while sunny slopes remain stable. Canal frost damage is driven by elevated soil water from leakage and winter irrigation, as well as sharp thermal imbalances induced by spring irrigation and solar radiation disparities between slopes. Preserving the integrity of anti-seepage systems proves more effective in mitigating frost damage than early termination of winter irrigation. This study provides the first integrated field-based and modeling evidence on frost damage mechanisms in cold-arid canals, establishing a scientific foundation for mitigation strategies.

在寒冷和干旱地区，运河是输水的必要条件。而冻融循环和干湿循环对冻害的影响较大，冻融期间的润湿作用显著加剧了冻害。然而，涉及热-水-变形相互作用的潜在机制仍然没有充分量化。本研究采用现场监测的方法来调查水渠的温度、含水量和变形行为。在此基础上，建立了考虑渗流效应的水-热耦合数值模型，并应用该模型分析了渗漏对土壤水分增加和霜害加剧的影响。结果表明，供水期间的水温和渗漏以及断水期间的气温和太阳辐射控制着运河的温度，冻融转变进一步调节了运河的热行为。阴坡更容易冻结，而阳坡蒸发损失更大。春灌急剧降低0 °C以下的等温线，在开始时触发霜胀峰值，随后迅速融化。霜胀在阳坡上最小，在中阴坡上最大，最大差异超过6倍。解冻后，背阴坡发生轻微滑移，而阳坡保持稳定。渗漏和冬季灌溉导致的土壤水分升高，以及春灌和坡间太阳辐射差异导致的急剧热不平衡，都是运河冻害的驱动因素。保持防渗系统的完整性比提前终止冬季灌溉更有效地减轻霜冻损害。该研究首次提供了基于现场和模型的寒旱区水渠冻害机制的综合证据，为减灾策略奠定了科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

Soil characterization through shear wave velocity analysis of Lucknow city in the Indo-Gangetic plain of India 印度恒河平原勒克瑙市剪切波速分析土壤特征

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108548

P. Sivasankar , K. Satish Kumar , K. Swapna Sri , P. Pavan Kishore , G.S. Srinivas , P. Shiva Shankar , Anand K. Pandey , D. Srinagesh , T. Seshunarayana

Shear wave velocity (Vs) of a medium depends on shear modulus, an essential parameter in geotechnical engineering applications that helps understand soil deformation under dynamic loading during earthquake shaking. We carried out Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) surveys to characterise geotechnical parameters of the shallow subsurface soil in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, a fast-growing urban city on the banks of Gomati and Sai rivers in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), and lies to the south of the central seismic gap region in the Himalayan collision zone. The V_S profiles are acquired at 191 locations across the Lucknow region, exploring up to ∼50 m depth in the thick alluvial soil. The analysis of 1D, 2D, and 3D shear wave velocity profiles suggests (i) average shear wave velocities (Vs³⁰) vary from 226 m/s to 480 m/s throughout the study region. (ii) Long-range swapped 2D cross-sectional profiles reflect the geometry of the Gomati and Sai rivers up to a depth of 50 m. (iii) Very low V_S values are observed along the Gomati and Sai river banks. (iv) Most of the soil in the study area is stiff soil of class C, accordingly to the Eurocode 8 classification, with stiffness varying from ∼100 KPa to 400 KPa. (v) The estimated soil predominant frequencies, amplifications, and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) vary from 1.9 Hz – 4.0 Hz, 1.4–3.7, and 0.04 g to 0.09 g, respectively.

介质的剪切波速（Vs）取决于剪切模量，剪切模量是岩土工程应用中的一个重要参数，有助于理解地震震动过程中动力载荷下的土壤变形。我们进行了多通道表面波分析（MASW）调查，以表征北方邦勒克瑙浅层地下土壤的岩土参数。勒克瑙是印度恒河平原（IGP）中部戈马提河和赛河河岸上一个快速发展的城市，位于喜马拉雅碰撞带中央地震间隙区的南部。在勒克瑙地区的191个地点获得了VS剖面，在厚冲积土中探索了50米深的深度。对一维、二维和三维剪切波速剖面的分析表明：(1)整个研究区域的平均剪切波速（Vs30）在226 ~ 480 m/s之间变化。远距离交换的二维剖面反映了50米深度的戈马提河和赛河的几何形状。（iii）沿Gomati河和Sai河的河岸观测到非常低的VS值。（iv）研究区土壤大部分为C级刚性土，根据欧洲规范8的分类，刚度在~ 100 KPa到400 KPa之间。(v)估计土壤的主要频率、放大倍数和峰值地面加速度（PGA）分别在1.9 Hz ~ 4.0 Hz、1.4 ~ 3.7和0.04 g ~ 0.09 g之间变化。

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引用次数: 0

Seismic analysis of a zoned earth dam after decades of operation 某带状土坝运行数十年的地震分析

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108559

Mariagrazia Tretola , Lucia Coppola , Stefania Sica , Luca Pagano

The seismic safety assessment of zoned earth dams that have been in operation for several decades requires a preliminary evaluation of their pre-seismic behavior through the interpretation of monitoring data and laboratory tests on construction materials, collected throughout the dam's service life. Once it is verified whether any factors have influenced the dam's performance and whether this behavior remains consistent with the original design expectations, the seismic response can be analyzed using either pseudo-dynamic (Newmark-based) or coupled elastoplastic continuum approaches. The most relevant damage mechanisms are those affecting watertightness. Zoned earth dams may develop seismic-induced fractures resulting from sliding through the core or from stress release associated with distributed deformation. Coupled analyses provide fundamental physical insight into the processes governing hydraulic fracturing under both seismic and post-seismic conditions, while pseudo-dynamic methods offer valuable information on potential sliding mechanisms and on whether failure surfaces are likely to propagate through the core. The integration of these two approaches enables a deeper understanding of core vulnerability and improves the overall reliability of seismic safety evaluations. This study explores these aspects through the analysis of the Conza Dam in Italy—a unique case where a major earthquake occurred during construction, and where comparative testing of original and recent materials revealed progressive changes in properties over decades of operation. The combined application of pseudodynamic and coupled dynamic analyses to this case demonstrates their complementarity and effectiveness in predicting potential earthquake-induced damage.

对已经运行了几十年的带状土坝进行地震安全评估，需要通过对大坝整个使用寿命期间收集的监测数据和建筑材料的实验室测试的解释，对其震前行为进行初步评估。一旦验证了是否有任何因素影响了大坝的性能，以及这种行为是否与最初的设计预期保持一致，就可以使用伪动力（基于newmark的）或耦合弹塑性连续体方法来分析地震反应。最相关的破坏机制是影响水密性的破坏机制。分带式土坝可能由于岩心滑动或与分布变形相关的应力释放而产生地震诱发裂缝。耦合分析为地震和震后条件下的水力压裂控制过程提供了基本的物理见解，而伪动力方法提供了关于潜在滑动机制和破坏面是否可能通过岩心传播的有价值的信息。这两种方法的结合可以更深入地了解岩心脆弱性，提高地震安全评估的整体可靠性。本研究通过对意大利Conza大坝的分析探讨了这些方面——这是一个独特的案例，在施工期间发生了一次大地震，对原始材料和新材料的对比测试揭示了数十年运行中性能的逐步变化。将拟动力分析和耦合动力分析结合应用于该实例，证明了两者在地震潜在损伤预测中的互补性和有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into the microstructural evolution of dredged clay treated by SAP flocculation and vacuum preloading SAP絮凝与真空预压处理疏浚粘土微观结构演变的研究

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108560

Yupeng Cao , Junxia Liu , Zhehao Qiu , Xiang Yong , Jie Yin

Large-scale dredging activities generate high-water-content sediments with poor engineering properties, which pose significant challenges to their reuse in construction and land reclamation. This paper proposes a combined treatment using superabsorbent polymer (SAP) flocculation and vacuum preloading to enhance consolidation and microstructural uniformity. Laboratory-scale model tests were conducted using both rectangular and cylindrical setups, and the treated specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, digital image processing was applied to evaluate the microstructural evolution quantitatively. The results demonstrated that the SAP effectively improved soil flocculation, reduced pore connectivity, and mitigated clogging near prefabricated vertical drains, thereby enhancing radial drainage uniformity. EDS analysis revealed a more homogeneous elemental distribution, particularly of sodium ions, whereas XRD confirmed that the SAP acted via physical rather than chemical mechanisms. Quantitative metrics, such as reduced pore area ratio, increased roundness, and lower entropy, indicated a more stable and orderly soil fabric. From an engineering geological perspective, this study provides practical insights to improve the reliability, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of ground-treatment techniques in soft clayey terrains, particularly for infrastructure development in coastal and deltaic environments.

大规模疏浚活动产生的沉积物含水量高，工程性能差，这对其在建筑和土地复垦中的再利用构成了重大挑战。本文提出了采用高吸水性高分子絮凝和真空预压相结合的处理方法，以提高固结性和微观结构的均匀性。采用矩形和圆柱形装置进行了实验室规模的模型测试，并使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散x射线能谱（EDS）和x射线衍射（XRD）对处理后的样品进行了检测。此外，采用数字图像处理技术定量评价微观组织演变。结果表明，SAP有效改善了预制垂直排水管附近的土壤絮凝，降低了孔隙连通性，缓解了堵塞，从而提高了径向排水均匀性。EDS分析显示元素分布更为均匀，尤其是钠离子，而XRD则证实了SAP是通过物理机制而不是化学机制起作用的。孔隙面积比减小、圆度增大、熵值降低等定量指标表明土壤结构更加稳定有序。从工程地质的角度来看，本研究为提高软粘土地形，特别是沿海和三角洲环境下基础设施建设的可靠性、效率和环境可持续性提供了实用的见解。

{"title":"Insights into the microstructural evolution of dredged clay treated by SAP flocculation and vacuum preloading","authors":"Yupeng Cao , Junxia Liu , Zhehao Qiu , Xiang Yong , Jie Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale dredging activities generate high-water-content sediments with poor engineering properties, which pose significant challenges to their reuse in construction and land reclamation. This paper proposes a combined treatment using superabsorbent polymer (SAP) flocculation and vacuum preloading to enhance consolidation and microstructural uniformity. Laboratory-scale model tests were conducted using both rectangular and cylindrical setups, and the treated specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, digital image processing was applied to evaluate the microstructural evolution quantitatively. The results demonstrated that the SAP effectively improved soil flocculation, reduced pore connectivity, and mitigated clogging near prefabricated vertical drains, thereby enhancing radial drainage uniformity. EDS analysis revealed a more homogeneous elemental distribution, particularly of sodium ions, whereas XRD confirmed that the SAP acted via physical rather than chemical mechanisms. Quantitative metrics, such as reduced pore area ratio, increased roundness, and lower entropy, indicated a more stable and orderly soil fabric. From an engineering geological perspective, this study provides practical insights to improve the reliability, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of ground-treatment techniques in soft clayey terrains, particularly for infrastructure development in coastal and deltaic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108560"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145962690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vertical land movements assessment integrating Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, in-situ data, and engineering-geological model: The case study of the reclaimed farmland of the Po River Delta (Italy) 基于干涉合成孔径雷达、原位数据和工程地质模型的陆地垂直运动评价——以意大利波河三角洲复垦农田为例

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108544

Laura Pedretti , Pietro Teatini , Tommaso Letterio , Guadalupe Bru , Carolina Guardiola-Albert , Roberto Tomás , María I. Navarro-Hernández , Alessandro Bondesan , Yuri Taddia , Claudia Meisina

Low-elevation reclaimed coastlands face significant challenges from land subsidence and sea-level rise, making long-term monitoring of ground movements crucial to ensure infrastructure safety and preserve the natural environment. This study aims to reconstruct the long-term historical ground deformation of the reclaimed farmland in the Po River Delta by: i) integrating nearly 30 years of multisource, multi-temporal, and multisensor Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellite data (ERS-1/2, RADARSAT-1/2, Sentinel-1); ii) combining multisource InSAR datasets generated using different algorithms covering distinct or overlapping time periods (Sentinel-1 PSI, P-SBAS, and IPTA); and iii) developing a 3D engineering-geological model focused on the under-consolidated fine-grained deposits that are more prone to subsidence. By combining multiple monitoring techniques, this multidisciplinary approach reveals that land subsidence is primarily driven by autocompaction of under-consolidated finegrained sediments, locally accelerated by building construction, as evidenced by InSAR data. The highest subsidence rates occur in the youngest reclaimed areas with thicker under-consolidated fine-grained deposits.

While integrating multisensor InSAR datasets from diverse sources to reconstruct longterm ground deformation presents challenges, it also yields valuable insights. In this work, we demonstrate that heterogeneous datasets can still be valuable when interpreted carefully and that the feasibility of combining legacy and modern InSAR data for long historical deformation reconstruction is a practical challenge in real-world data integration.

Moreover, this comprehensive approach enables updating spatial and temporal records of land movement and identifying conditioning factors for inclusion in land movement susceptibility and risk maps supporting land planning.

低海拔的填海造地面临着地面沉降和海平面上升带来的重大挑战，因此对地面运动的长期监测对于确保基础设施安全和保护自然环境至关重要。利用近30 年多源、多时段、多传感器InSAR卫星（ERS-1/2、RADARSAT-1/2、Sentinel-1）数据，重建波河三角洲垦殖农田的长期历史地表变形；ii)结合使用不同算法生成的多源InSAR数据集，涵盖不同或重叠的时间段（Sentinel-1 PSI、P-SBAS和IPTA）；iii)针对更容易下沉的欠胶结细粒矿床建立三维工程地质模型。通过结合多种监测技术，这种多学科方法揭示了地面沉降主要是由未固结的细粒沉积物的自压实驱动的，正如InSAR数据所证明的那样，建筑施工在局部加速了地面沉降。沉降速率最高的是最年轻的填海地区，下固结细粒沉积物较厚。

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引用次数: 0