Engineering Geology最新文献_第8页

Deformation pattern of a creeping slope revealed by continuous GNSS monitoring in northern Taiwan 台湾北部连续GNSS监测显示的蠕变斜坡变形模式

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108491

Chia-Han Tseng , Ruey-Juin Rau , Ching-Jiang Jeng

Movement of a dip slope in sedimentary rock in northern Taiwan has led to the development of ground cracks and persistent deformation of local buildings and facilities on the slope surface. Geomorphological and geological investigations have been conducted to reveal its probable failure mechanism. To monitor and understand the movement patterns of sliding blocks, 12 low-cost and 2 Trimble continuous Global Navigation Satellite System (i.e., GNSS) stations were installed in 2016. The 6-year surficial surveying results, presented as a time series of displacements and velocity fields, are revealed by the GNSS data. The continuous and automatic recording results, obtained at a high sample rate, reveal distinct movement patterns of the sliding blocks in relation to rainfall duration and amount. Additionally, the velocity field shows that the surficial movement velocity varies in different parts of the slope mass, possibly reflecting the underground geometry of the sliding surface. Finally, the continuous GNSS data show an average velocity of 1.13–1.96 × 10⁻⁶ mm/s, classified as “Very slow” on the global velocity scale of landslides, which may be related to weak fluvial erosion at the toe and dilation in northern Taiwan. Additionally, surficial traces of a potential fault related to regional tectonic processes within the dip slope can be inferred from the GNSS data in this study.

台湾北部沉积岩倾斜斜坡的运动导致地面裂缝的发展和斜坡表面当地建筑物和设施的持续变形。通过地貌和地质调查揭示了其可能的破坏机制。为了监测和了解滑块的运动模式，2016年安装了12个低成本和2个Trimble连续全球导航卫星系统（即GNSS）站。GNSS数据显示了6年的地表测量结果，这些结果以位移和速度场的时间序列呈现。在高采样率下获得的连续和自动记录结果揭示了与降雨持续时间和降雨量相关的滑动块的独特运动模式。此外，速度场显示地表运动速度在坡体不同部位有所不同，这可能反映了滑动面的地下几何形状。最后，连续GNSS数据显示，平均滑坡速度为1.13 ~ 1.96 × 10−6 mm/s，在全球滑坡速度尺度上属于“非常慢”，这可能与台湾北部弱河流侵蚀和扩张有关。此外，本研究还可以从GNSS数据中推断出倾斜坡内与区域构造过程相关的潜在断层的地表痕迹。

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引用次数: 0

Fast trace mapping on 3D rock point clouds using anomaly detection without normal estimation 在三维岩石点云上使用异常检测而不需要正常估计的快速跟踪映射

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108492

Jiawei Xie , Anna Giacomini , Shui-Hua Jiang , Yuting Zhang , Jinsong Huang

This study proposes an innovative method for fast mapping rock traces on 3D outcrops directly from point cloud data. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on computationally intensive calculations of normal vectors and curvatures, the proposed method leverages a key geometric insight: points along rock traces typically exhibit geometric deviations from planar surfaces compared to points on a flat plane. This characteristic manifests in larger tetrahedral volumes when these trace points are combined with three random neighboring points. Conversely, points on a plane tend to form tetrahedra with nearly zero volume when combined with random neighbors. By repeatedly sampling tetrahedron volumes around each point and employing the Extended Isolation Forest algorithm for anomaly detection, the proposed method efficiently identifies potential trace points. These points are then refined using a proposed local regression method and connected via a line-growing algorithm to map the complete traces. The proposed approach offers significant computational advantages over traditional methods. While traditional methods have complexity dependent on data dimensionality and neighborhood size, the proposed method calculates tetrahedron volumes with a constant time complexity of O(1) per point, independent of the number of neighboring points. The efficiency and accuracy of this method is validated with multiple synthetic and real-world datasets. Results demonstrate that the proposed method reduces 99 % of the time required by traditional approaches while maintaining the accuracy of trace intensity measurements.

本研究提出了一种直接从点云数据快速绘制三维露头岩石轨迹的创新方法。与依赖于在法向量和曲率的密集计算的传统方法不同，该方法利用了一个关键的几何洞察力：与平面上的点相比，岩石轨迹上的点通常表现出与平面的几何偏差。当这些迹点与三个随机相邻点组合时，这种特性在更大的四面体体积中表现出来。相反，平面上的点在与随机邻居结合时往往会形成几乎为零体积的四面体。该方法通过对每个点周围的四面体进行重复采样，并采用扩展隔离森林算法进行异常检测，有效地识别出潜在的迹点。然后使用提出的局部回归方法对这些点进行细化，并通过线生长算法连接以映射完整的轨迹。与传统方法相比，该方法具有显著的计算优势。传统方法的复杂度依赖于数据维度和邻域大小，而该方法计算四面体体积的时间复杂度为每个点O(1)，与邻域个数无关。用多个合成数据集和实际数据集验证了该方法的有效性和准确性。结果表明，该方法在保持痕量强度测量精度的前提下，减少了传统方法所需时间的99%。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial-temporal patterns of sinkhole development in the Konya Basin, Türkiye. Implications for susceptibility and time-variant hazard assessment 孔亚盆地天坑发育的时空格局[j]。易感性和时变危害评估的意义

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108480

Ergin Gökkaya , Francisco Gutiérrez , Esra Tunçel

Subsidence sinkholes are often a major ground instability hazard in karst terrains and can cause severe economic losses, and even fatalities. Developing sinkhole susceptibility and hazard models with tested prognostic capability is essential for the design of effective risk-mitigation strategies. Since the early 2000s, hundreds of cover subsidence sinkholes have occurred in the Konya Basin related to intensive groundwater withdrawal for irrigation, constituting an outstanding and extensively investigated example of human-induced sinkholes. However, the susceptibility models developed have limited prediction capability and no attempts of assessing hazard and its temporal variability have been carried out so far. In this study, we have constructed comprehensive multi-temporal sinkhole inventories including morphometric data spanning from 2000 to 2024 for the entire basin (50,000 km²). The preferential occurrence of sinkholes in tight clusters along fault zones is attributed to deep hypogene karstification related to rising volcanogenic gases that locally renew the aggressiveness of the groundwater. Sinkhole hazard increased dramatically between 2000 and 2019 rising from 3 (2000−2010) to 32 sinkholes yr⁻¹ (2016–2019), and has experienced a decline to 22 sinkholes yr⁻¹ since 2020. This temporal trend, despite the continued water-table decline, is ascribed to the progressive exhaustion of collapse-prone cavities. Simple and easy-to-develop sinkhole susceptibility models based on the concept whereby new sinkholes tend to occur in the vicinity of pre-existing sinkholes, have been developed. For instance, high-susceptibility areas delineated by 500 m buffers around sinkholes formed documented between 2011 and 2019 predict with 1.7 % of the study area 65.2 % of the new sinkholes occurred in the interval 2020–2024.

塌陷陷坑是喀斯特地区主要的地面失稳灾害，可造成严重的经济损失，甚至人员伤亡。开发具有经过检验的预测能力的天坑易感性和危害模型对于设计有效的减轻风险战略至关重要。自21世纪初以来，Konya盆地出现了数百个与灌溉用水密集抽取地下水有关的覆盖沉降天坑，构成了一个突出的、被广泛研究的人为天坑例子。然而，目前所建立的易感性模型预测能力有限，尚未对灾害及其时间变率进行评估。在这项研究中，我们构建了包括2000年至2024年整个盆地（50,000平方公里）的形态测量数据在内的综合多时相天坑清单。沿断裂带的致密簇状陷落孔的优先赋存是由于深部岩溶作用引起的，这种岩溶作用与上升的火山气体局部更新地下水的侵蚀性有关。2000年至2019年间，天坑危害急剧增加，从2000年至2010年的3个（2016年至2019年）增加到32个（2016年至2019年），自2020年以来下降到22个。尽管地下水位持续下降，但这一时间趋势可归因于易于塌陷的洞穴的逐渐枯竭。根据新陷坑往往出现在原有陷坑附近的概念，已开发出简单而易于开发的陷坑敏感性模型。例如，2011年至2019年期间形成的沉降洞周围500米缓冲区划定的高易感性区域预测，研究区域的1.7%的新沉降洞发生在2020年至2024年之间。

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引用次数: 0

Evolution and failure mechanisms of water-induced landslide sliding zones 水致滑坡滑带演化与破坏机制

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108477

Jianqi Zhuang , Zuopeng Wang , Jiewei Zhan , Yi Zhu , Shengyin Chen , Lei Chang , Jie Dou , Wei Hu , Xiaojun Guo , Jianbing Peng

Understanding the evolution of the sliding zone is crucial for deciphering landslide initiation and progression mechanisms. This study employs field investigations, laboratory testing, and mechanical experiments to characterize sliding zone evolution within the Shanyang landslide. The results indicate that prolonged water infiltration weakens the carbonaceous clay layer, leading to progressive creep and eventual failure. Chemical weathering within the sliding zone decreases the shear strength of the middle of the sliding zone through enrichment of clay minerals, which subsequently facilitates the development of adjacent weaker zones. Saturation significantly reduces the shear strength of this zone. Ring shear tests confirmed substantial particle fragmentation occurs during shearing, although no liquefaction was observed. Prior to reaching the initial shear stress required for slip initiation, the soil within the sliding zone exhibits minimal displacement, when the stress state of the slope reaches a critical and then a small disturbance is added, the slope fails and slides, which indicating thixotropic-like behaviour. The formation and evolution of the water-affected sliding zone undergoes four stages: the stage of hydraulic initiation; the stage of mineralogical alteration; the stage of viscoelastic deformation; and the stage of critical slip surface formation. These findings enhance understanding of slip zone evolution and its role in landslide dynamics, providing critical insights for geohazard risk assessment.

了解滑带的演化过程对于破解滑坡的发生和发展机制至关重要。本文采用实地调查、室内试验和力学试验等方法，对山阳滑坡滑动带演化进行了研究。结果表明：水的长期入渗使碳质黏土层逐渐变弱，最终破坏；滑动带内的化学风化作用通过黏土矿物的富集，降低了滑动带中部的抗剪强度，从而促进了相邻弱带的发育。饱和显著降低了该区域的抗剪强度。环剪试验证实，虽然没有观察到液化，但在剪切过程中发生了大量颗粒破碎。在达到起滑所需的初始剪应力之前，滑动区内的土壤表现出最小的位移，当边坡的应力状态达到临界状态时，再加上一个小的扰动，边坡就会发生破坏和滑动，表现出类似触变的行为。水影响滑动带的形成与演化经历了四个阶段：水力起爆阶段；矿物学蚀变阶段；粘弹性变形阶段；临界滑面形成阶段。这些发现加强了对滑动带演化及其在滑坡动力学中的作用的理解，为地质灾害风险评估提供了重要的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Unsupervised characterization of site conditions from detailed information for improved ground motion modeling 根据详细信息对场地条件进行无监督的表征，以改进地面运动建模

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108489

Qingxu Zhao , Mianshui Rong , Yi Ding , Jixin Wang , Bin Zhang , Xiaoshan Kong , Xiaojun Li

Accurate characterization of site conditions remains a key challenge in ground motion modeling, particularly in regions with complex geological conditions and significant predictive uncertainty. Although abundant borehole profiles and geological investigations provide detailed site information, such data have not yet been systematically incorporated into parameters usable by ground motion models (GMM). To bridge this gap, this study proposes a novel unsupervised clustering framework that integrates borehole profiles, topography, and engineering site parameters to map engineering geological information onto the GMM site term. The framework surpasses traditional classifications and response-based clustering in capturing multidimensional site similarity, producing clusters with strong internal consistency and clear separation. Incorporating these clusters into a GMM reduces residual variability, improves goodness of fit, and enhances prediction accuracy across different tectonic earthquake types. Feature contribution analysis further identifies key site parameters that govern the clustering structure, offering insights into site response mechanisms and supporting more refined site classification. Based on these parameters, a probabilistic framework is developed for efficient characterization of new sites, and representative stations are selected using cluster medoids to support site-specific seismic applications. Overall, this study provides a data-driven and physically consistent approach for site characterization, improving the use of engineering geological information in GMM and advancing ground motion modeling and hazard assessment.

准确表征场地条件仍然是地面运动建模的关键挑战，特别是在地质条件复杂且预测不确定性显著的地区。虽然丰富的钻孔剖面和地质调查提供了详细的现场信息，但这些数据尚未系统地纳入地面运动模型（GMM）可用的参数。为了弥补这一差距，本研究提出了一种新的无监督聚类框架，该框架集成了钻孔剖面、地形和工程场地参数，将工程地质信息映射到GMM场地术语上。该框架在捕获多维站点相似性方面超越了传统的分类和基于响应的聚类，产生了内部一致性强、分离清晰的聚类。将这些聚类结合到GMM中可以减少剩余变异，提高拟合优度，提高不同构造地震类型的预测精度。特征贡献分析进一步确定了控制集群结构的关键站点参数，提供了对站点响应机制的见解，并支持更精细的站点分类。基于这些参数，开发了一个概率框架，用于有效地表征新站点，并使用集群介质选择代表性站点，以支持特定站点的地震应用。总体而言，本研究提供了一种数据驱动和物理一致的方法来进行场地表征，改进了GMM中工程地质信息的使用，并推进了地面运动建模和危害评估。

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引用次数: 0

Dry–wet cyclic-dependent hysteretic soil-water retention and deformation behavior of a soft clay under varying pore fluid concentrations 不同孔隙流体浓度下干湿循环相关的软黏土滞回土持水与变形特性

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108490

Hamed Sadeghi , Ali Golaghaei Darzi , Hamed Nasiri , Amir Akbari Garakani

Severe geotechnical issues, including localized collapses, emerged in certain sections of Iran's largest railway project, connecting the Indian Ocean to Central Asia. Further investigations revealed natural dispersive loess strata along the Makran coastline. However, the mutual influence of dry-wet cycles and pore fluid osmotic potential in such soft dispersive soils has not been the subject of previous studies. Therefore, the main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of cyclic dry-wet processes on hysteretic soil-water retention characteristics and volume changes under various solute concentrations. The tests were conducted on loosely compacted synthetic specimens exposed to three different salt concentrations over two consecutive drying and wetting cycles, using a low-compliance electromotor unsaturated consolidometer. The results indicated that fluid storage capacity, hydraulic hysteresis, and volume changes were significantly reduced as the number of hydraulic cycles increased, with the second cycle showing a 30–50 % reduction in the desorption rate compared to the first cycle, independent of salt concentration. However, the effects were more pronounced at higher solute concentrations. While fluid retention during desorption was strongly influenced by the cyclic dry-wet process, adsorption fluid retention remained largely unchanged. Moreover, volume changes during the second cycle were notably smaller than those in the first. Finally, the observed volumetric behavior was modeled and interpreted using the simplified Bishop's effective stress approach.

伊朗最大的连接印度洋和中亚的铁路项目的某些路段出现了严重的岩土工程问题，包括局部坍塌。进一步调查发现，沿马克兰海岸线存在天然分散的黄土地层。然而，在这种软分散土中，干湿循环和孔隙流体渗透势的相互影响尚未得到研究。因此，本研究的主要目的是研究不同溶质浓度下干湿循环过程对滞回土水保持特性和体积变化的影响。试验采用低顺应性电动机非饱和固结计，对暴露于三种不同盐浓度下的松散压实合成试样进行连续两个干燥和润湿循环。结果表明，随着水力循环次数的增加，流体储存容量、水力滞后和体积变化显著降低，与第一次循环相比，第二次循环的解吸速率降低了30 - 50%，与盐浓度无关。然而，在较高的溶质浓度下，效果更为明显。解吸过程中的流体潴留受到干湿循环过程的强烈影响，而吸附流体潴留基本保持不变。此外，第二个周期的体积变化明显小于第一个周期。最后，采用简化的Bishop有效应力法对观察到的体积行为进行建模和解释。

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引用次数: 0

A physics-based machine learning-informed model for predicting regional earthquake-induced landslides 一个基于物理的机器学习信息模型，用于预测区域地震诱发的滑坡

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108488

Weibing Gong , Dimitrios Zekkos , Marin Clark

Reduced complexity physical models are commonly applied to regional earthquake-triggered landslide events because they are computationally efficient and can reproduce observed landsliding patterns with relatively few input parameters. However, a major shortcoming of existing physical models is the overprediction of slope failure arising from the implementation of seismic displacement models that depend on a single critical slope angle. Such models predict that all slopes steeper than the critical slope angle will fail, in contrast to observational data that indicate that only a certain portion do. High-resolution input of spatially variable ground conditions and strength parameters and consideration of topographic amplification would likely reduce overprediction, but these approaches are considered prohibitively expensive at present. In this study, we explore the opportunity to improve the prediction of regional earthquake-induced landslides obtained from physics-based models by applying a computationally efficient machine learning (ML) algorithm to classify the model results. A pseudo-three-dimensional (pseudo-3D) physics-based methodology is used to predict the landslides caused by the 2015 Mw 6.5 Lefkada earthquake and the prediction has broad geospatial overlap with observed landslides and high landslide density areas, however the model also overpredicts landslide occurrence. Classifying the results of the physics-based model using the XGBoost ML algorithm is found to enhance regional earthquake-induced landslide prediction by establishing objective criteria for eliminating false predictions from the physics-based model. The ML model considers five training features, i.e., landslide volume, calculated ratio of three-dimensional (3D) factor of safety (FS) to one-dimensional (1D) FS, slope aspect, elevation, and topographic roughness. Incorporation of these features results in a 45% reduction in the total number of predicted landslides originally predicted by the physics-based method. However, application of the ML algorithm also reduces true positive rate, underscoring the need to fairly assess the tradeoffs between true- and false-predictions in landslide hazard forecasting.

降低复杂性的物理模型通常应用于区域地震引发的滑坡事件，因为它们计算效率高，可以用相对较少的输入参数再现观测到的滑坡模式。然而，现有物理模型的一个主要缺点是，由于地震位移模型的实施依赖于单一的临界斜率，导致对边坡破坏的过度预测。这些模型预测所有比临界坡度更陡的斜坡都会失效，而观测数据表明只有一部分会失效。空间可变地面条件和强度参数的高分辨率输入以及地形放大的考虑可能会减少过度预测，但目前这些方法被认为过于昂贵。在本研究中，我们通过应用计算效率高的机器学习（ML）算法对模型结果进行分类，探索了改进基于物理模型的区域地震诱发滑坡预测的机会。采用基于伪三维（pseudo-3D）物理的方法预测了2015年6.5 Mw Lefkada地震引起的滑坡，预测结果与观测到的滑坡和高滑坡密度地区有广泛的地理空间重叠，但该模型也过度预测了滑坡的发生。使用XGBoost ML算法对基于物理模型的结果进行分类，发现通过建立客观标准来消除基于物理模型的错误预测，可以增强区域地震诱发的滑坡预测。ML模型考虑了5个训练特征，即滑坡体积、三维（3D）安全系数（FS）与一维（1D） FS的计算比、坡向、高程和地形粗糙度。将这些特征结合起来，可以使原先用物理方法预测的滑坡总数减少45%。然而，ML算法的应用也降低了真阳性率，强调了在滑坡灾害预测中公平评估真预测和假预测之间权衡的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing simplified approaches in modeling rainfall-induced landslides using Richards' equation with Biot poroelasticity 利用理查兹方程和Biot孔隙弹性来评估模拟降雨诱发滑坡的简化方法

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108481

Rashad Abbasov , Marwan Fahs , Vincent Fontaine , Husam Musa Baalousha , Anis Younes , Renaud Toussaint

Coupled Hydro-Mechanical (HM) models, which involve the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical processes in porous media, are essential for simulating rainfall-induced landslides (RILS). A common strategy to investigate RILS is through the Biot poroelasticity approach combined with the Local Factor of Safety concept. While the two-phase flow and mechanical equations are well-documented for modeling HM processes in variably saturated conditions, the use of Richards' Eq. (RE) in this context remains underexplored. This paper aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive formulation for coupling RE with mechanical equations and evaluating the impact of various model simplifications on the reliability of RILS predictions. We present the theoretical development of the original mathematical model that leads to a strong coupling between flow and mechanical equations. We also review the different simplification approaches proposed in the literature to reduce the complexity of the original model. A straightforward implementation of these approaches in COMSOL is provided, with validation against established benchmarks. Through a comparative analysis of different approaches, using both hypothetical benchmark and real case study in Azerbaijan, this study provides new insights into the balance between model complexity and prediction accuracy. While simplified approaches are commonly used in literature, this study advocates for the fully coupled model, which delivers the most reliable results. The employment of advanced numerical techniques enhances the computational performance of the fully coupled model, making it competitive with simplified approaches.

耦合水-力学模型是模拟降雨诱发滑坡的基础，它涉及多孔介质中流体流动和力学过程之间的相互作用。研究RILS的一种常用策略是通过Biot孔隙弹性方法结合局部安全系数概念。虽然两相流和力学方程在可变饱和条件下对HM过程进行建模已经得到了充分的证明，但在这种情况下，Richards Eq. （RE）的使用仍未得到充分的探索。本文旨在通过提供RE与力学方程耦合的综合公式，并评估各种模型简化对RILS预测可靠性的影响，来解决这一差距。我们提出了原始数学模型的理论发展，导致流动和力学方程之间的强耦合。我们还回顾了文献中提出的不同简化方法，以降低原始模型的复杂性。在COMSOL中提供了这些方法的直接实现，并根据既定的基准进行了验证。通过对不同方法的比较分析，使用假设基准和阿塞拜疆的实际案例研究，本研究为模型复杂性和预测准确性之间的平衡提供了新的见解。虽然文献中通常采用简化方法，但本研究主张采用全耦合模型，该模型提供的结果最可靠。采用先进的数值技术提高了全耦合模型的计算性能，使其与简化方法相媲美。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study on the damage evaluation of a check dam under boulder-enriched debris flow impact 富砾石泥石流冲击下止回坝损伤评价数值研究

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108479

Wei Liu , Shuaixing Yan , Siming He , Dongpo Wang

This study presents a novel numerical framework for evaluating damage progression in check dams subjected to impacts from boulder-enriched debris flows. The model integrates three core components: a) a depth-averaged two-phase model to simulate debris flow dynamics accounting for fluid-solid interactions; b) a probabilistic module to represent the stochastic nature of boulder impacts, including variations in size, velocity, and frequency; and c) an elastoplastic contact-based damage model to assess structural degradation under repeated boulder impacts. A finite volume method augmented with grid-optimization techniques is utilized to solve the coupled equations efficiently and accurately resolve localized damage. Validation against experimental data, including flume tests and impact trials from the USGS and bridge pier studies, confirms the model's capability to replicate debris flow behavior and impact forces with high fidelity. Numerical case studies highlight the critical influence of boulder size and velocity (linked to debris flow viscosity) on impact forces: debris flows with lower viscosity (dilute) generate higher peak loads than their more viscous counterparts, leading to distinct patterns of dam damage. Additionally, the sequence of boulder impacts significantly affects both the onset and progression of dam failure. The study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating boulder randomness and debris flow rheology in dam design and hazard assessment. Limitations include simplified assumptions regarding boulder kinematics and dam material properties, suggesting the need for further refinement. This work offers a predictive tool for assessing check dam performance under debris flow hazards, supporting the design of resilient infrastructure in mountainous regions.

本研究提出了一种新的数值框架来评估挡土坝在受含砾泥石流冲击下的损伤进展。该模型集成了三个核心组件：a)深度平均两相模型，用于模拟考虑流固相互作用的泥石流动力学；B)一个概率模块，用来表示巨石撞击的随机性，包括大小、速度和频率的变化；c)基于弹塑性接触的损伤模型来评估反复巨石冲击下的结构退化。利用有限体积法结合网格优化技术，有效地求解了耦合方程，准确地求解了局部损伤。对实验数据的验证，包括美国地质勘探局的水槽测试和冲击试验以及桥墩研究，证实了该模型具有高保真地复制泥石流行为和冲击力的能力。数值案例研究强调了巨石大小和速度（与泥石流黏度有关）对冲击力的关键影响：黏度较低（稀释）的泥石流比黏度较高的泥石流产生更高的峰值荷载，导致大坝破坏的不同模式。此外，冲击顺序对溃坝的发生和发展都有显著影响。研究强调了在大坝设计和危险性评价中考虑碎石随机性和泥石流流变性的必要性。局限性包括关于巨石运动学和大坝材料特性的简化假设，这表明需要进一步改进。这项工作为评估泥石流灾害下的止回坝性能提供了预测工具，为山区弹性基础设施的设计提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable eco-slope substrate modified from high-water-content slurry: Optimizing vegetation growth and erosion resistance 由高含水量泥浆改良的可持续生态斜坡基质：优化植被生长和抗侵蚀能力

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108483

Xia Bian , Feiyang Zhao , Xiusong Shi , Fei Zhang , Lingling Zeng , Jian Ji , Guizhong Xu

Ecological slope protection offers a sustainable strategy for mitigating rainfall-induced geological hazards triggered by engineering slope instability. This study explores the reutilization of high-water-content dredged soil as a functional ecological substrate to enhance slope revegetation and erosion control. A novel dual-layer eco-slope system was developed: a base layer comprised dredged soil amended with superabsorbent polymer (SAP) and rice husk to improve water retention, soil structure, and plant establishment; the cover layer consisted of the same substrate stabilized with a magnesium oxide–slag (MgO–slag) binder to enhanve mechanical strength and erosion resistance. A series of laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate vegetation performance and erosion resistance. Results revealed an inverse relationship between plant height and the unconfined compressive strength (q_u) of the stabilized cover layer, indicating that excessive rigidity suppressed plant growth. Vegetation coverage exhibited a unimodal trend with increasing q_u, peaking before declining sharply beyond a critical threshold (q_{u_cr} = 158.7 kPa), highlighting a trade-off between structural reinforcement and ecological viability. Under simulated extreme rainfall (200 mm/h), the MgO–slag-stabilized cover layer delayed erosion onset and reduced cumulative soil loss by up to 34.1 %, verifying its engineering effectiveness. Erosion resistance further improved with vegetation maturity due to root reinforcement. A parabolic correlation between cumulative erosion mass and q_u underscored the coupled influence of mechanical strength on erosion control and substrate behavior. By balancing the competing demands of vegetation growth and erosion control, the optimal q_u range for the stabilized cover layer was determined as 121.4–158.7 kPa. These findings provide a practical framework for the sustainable reuse of dredged soil in eco-slope engineering, contributing to both geohazard mitigation and solid waste valorization.

生态护坡为减轻工程边坡失稳引发的降雨地质灾害提供了一种可持续的策略。本研究探讨了高含水率疏浚土作为功能性生态基质的再利用，以促进边坡的植被恢复和侵蚀控制。开发了一种新型的双层生态边坡系统：基层由经高吸水性聚合物（SAP）改性的疏浚土和稻壳组成，以改善保水、土壤结构和植物生长；覆盖层由相同的衬底组成，并用氧化镁-渣（mgo -渣）粘结剂稳定，以提高机械强度和抗侵蚀能力。进行了一系列室内试验，以评价植被的性能和抗侵蚀能力。结果表明，植物高度与稳定覆盖层的无侧限抗压强度（qu）呈反比关系，表明过度的刚性抑制了植物的生长。植被覆盖度随qu_cr的增加呈单峰趋势，在超过临界阈值（qu_cr = 158.7 kPa）后急剧下降，突出了结构加固与生态活力之间的权衡。在模拟极端降雨（200 mm/h）下，氧化镁渣稳定覆盖层延迟了侵蚀的开始，减少了34.1%的累积土壤流失量，验证了其工程有效性。由于根系加固，随着植被成熟，抗侵蚀能力进一步提高。累积侵蚀质量与曲之间呈抛物线关系，强调了机械强度对侵蚀控制和基材行为的耦合影响。通过平衡植被生长和侵蚀控制的竞争需求，确定了稳定覆盖层的最佳qu范围为121.4 ~ 158.7 kPa。这些发现为生态边坡工程中疏浚土的可持续再利用提供了一个实用框架，有助于减轻地质灾害和固体废物的增值。

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