Energy and Buildings最新文献_第9页

Effect of local heating on thermal responses of cleaning staff when working in an unheated space in winter and comparisons with the college students 局部供暖对冬季清洁人员在非供暖空间工作时热响应的影响及与大学生的比较

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117039

Yicheng Ren , Yuxin Wu , Yujie Zhou , Yuting Li , Shuang Zheng , Yonghong Wu

The cleaning staff plays a crucial role in maintaining the good condition of buildings. In southern China, they were frequently exposed to non-heated cold environments in winter, where a personal comfort system is needed. However, the study about their thermal comfort is insufficient. This study seeks to examine the impact of cold stress and local heating on the thermal responses of cleaning staff and college students during cleaning work under cold winter conditions. Thirty-two participants (16 cleaning staff and 16 college students) were recruited to perform cleaning activities in a semi-open corridor (9.2 °C, 52.5% RH) in winter (outside temperature: 5.4 °C). Three heating cases (head, hands, and feet heating modes) using heating sheets with adjustable power levels (max to 5.5 W / 2 sheets) were tested to compare with the no heating case. Each case lasted for 60 min and included three 20-minute periods: windless cleaning activities (initial period), windless rest (second period), and wind-exposed cleaning activities (third period). The results indicated that the cleaning staff group felt satisfied with the cold environments under the no heating case and insensitive to local heating. Head heating was unwanted in short-term (within 20 min) cold exposure because of the higher sensitivity of the head, and overheating at the head causes thermoregulation disorder. For students, feet heating resulted in significantly lower thermal sensation vote (TSV) compared to head or hands heating during the wind-exposed cleaning activities period (p < 0.01). For cleaning staff, feet heating was found to have no significant influence on overall TSV, while hands heating maintained the lowest blood pressure throughout the experiment. Hands heating consistently resulted in the highest average thermal pleasure throughout the experiment, with mean values of 0.47 for students and 0.97 for cleaning staff. Thus, hands heating with gloves was recommended for local heating of cleaning staff in cold, windy environments.

清洁人员在保持建筑物的良好状态方面起着至关重要的作用。在中国南方，他们经常在冬天暴露在没有暖气的寒冷环境中，在那里需要个人舒适系统。然而，对其热舒适性的研究尚不充分。本研究旨在探讨冷应激和局部加热对清洁人员和大学生在寒冷冬季清洁工作中的热反应的影响。研究招募了32名参与者（16名清洁人员和16名大学生），在冬季（室外温度：5.4°C）在一个半开放的走廊（9.2°C, 52.5% RH）进行清洁活动。测试了三种加热情况（头，手和脚加热模式），使用可调节功率水平的加热片（最大到5.5 W / 2片），并与无加热情况进行比较。每个病例持续60分钟，包括3个20分钟的时间段：无风清洁活动（第一阶段）、无风休息（第二阶段）和有风暴露的清洁活动（第三阶段）。结果表明：清洁人员组对无暖气情况下的寒冷环境较为满意，对局部暖气不敏感；头部加热是不希望在短期内（在20分钟内）冷暴露，因为头部的灵敏度较高，在头部过热会导致体温调节紊乱。对于学生来说，在风暴露的清洁活动期间，脚加热导致的热感觉投票（TSV）显著低于头或手加热（p < 0.01）。对于清洁人员来说，脚部加热对整体TSV没有显著影响，而手部加热在整个实验过程中保持最低的血压。在整个实验过程中，手部加热的平均热愉悦度最高，学生的平均值为0.47，清洁人员的平均值为0.97。因此，在寒冷、多风的环境中，建议清洁人员使用手套进行局部加热。

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引用次数: 0

The time deviation of building energy consumption data and its synchronization based on the CCKF-SPI-EP framework 基于CCKF-SPI-EP框架的建筑能耗数据时间偏差及其同步

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117044

Huiyu Yan, Jili Zhang, Liangdong Ma

Building energy consumption data quality plays a critical role in analytical accuracy, yet temporal accuracy remains underexplored compared to numerical accuracy in existing research. Our analysis of monitoring platform data reveals temporal deviations inducing up to ± 20% numerical deviations of hourly data in extreme circumstances. To address this, we develop the CCKF-SPI-EP methodology, a novel multi-sensor data fusion framework that achieves simultaneous time synchronization and constraint optimization through three key techniques: a Constrained Centralized Kalman Filter framework with normalization of cumulative energy sequences, a Shape-Preserving Interpolation for monotonic time registration, and an Estimation Projection technique for constraint incorporation. Experimental results demonstrate the method’s superiority with more than 42%–67% reduction in RMSE and 59%–76% reduction in MAE on the building’s main meter compared to the best conventional method. Furthermore, we provide practical recommendations for improving data acquisition protocols to incorporate temporal accuracy into building energy data quality assessment. This work not only presents an effective correction framework but also makes forward-looking contributions in problem awareness and data quality system development for building energy informatics.

建筑能耗数据质量在分析精度中起着至关重要的作用，但与现有研究中的数值精度相比，时间精度仍未得到充分探讨。我们对监测平台数据的分析显示，在极端情况下，每小时数据的时间偏差可导致±20%的数值偏差。为了解决这个问题，我们开发了CCKF-SPI-EP方法，这是一种新的多传感器数据融合框架，通过三个关键技术实现同时时间同步和约束优化：具有累积能量序列归一化的约束集中式卡尔曼滤波器框架，用于单调时间配准的保形插值和用于约束合并的估计投影技术。实验结果表明，与最佳的传统方法相比，该方法的RMSE降低42% ~ 67%，MAE降低59% ~ 76%。此外，我们提供了改进数据采集协议的实用建议，以将时间准确性纳入建筑能源数据质量评估。这项工作不仅提出了一个有效的修正框架，而且在建筑能源信息学的问题意识和数据质量体系开发方面做出了前瞻性的贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive evaluation of low-GWP refrigerant alternatives for variable refrigerant flow air conditioning systems considering lubricant miscibility 考虑润滑油混溶性的可变制冷剂流量空调系统低gwp制冷剂替代品的综合评价

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117045

Hongxia He, Zhao Yang, Yong Zhang, Shuping Zhang, Zixuan Bian, Cheng Liu

The global phase-down of high-GWP refrigerant R410A has created an urgent need to identify environmentally sustainable alternatives for variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems. This study develops a comprehensive multi-dimensional evaluation framework that integrates thermodynamic performance, environmental impact, safety constraints, and practical feasibility to assess five low-GWP candidates—R32, R452B, R454B, R454C, and R466A. The methodology combines steady-state cycle simulations for determining seasonal efficiency indices, life-cycle climate performance (LCCP) analysis for carbon footprint quantification, and standardized charge-safety evaluations in accordance with IEC 60335–2-40 and ISO 5149–1:2014/Amd 2:2021. In parallel, experimental investigations were performed to determine lubricant miscibility with POE68 and PVE68 oils. Results highlight distinct trade-offs among key indicators: R32 achieves the highest efficiency and lowest LCCP, yet its A2L flammability and limited lubricant compatibility necessitate enhanced safety engineering and material optimization. R454B demonstrates the best overall balance of environmental performance, miscibility, and retrofit compatibility, positioning it as the most practical near drop-in replacement. R466A provides non-flammable characteristics but suffers from poor miscibility, constraining its applicability. A semi-quantitative multi-criteria decision analysis identifies optimal replacement strategies under varying design priorities. The primary contribution of this work lies in integrating lubricant miscibility data and standardized charge-safety evaluation into a unified decision-support framework, delivering a transparent, scientifically grounded tool for selecting sustainable refrigerants and guiding the transition toward low-GWP VRF technologies.

随着高gwp值制冷剂R410A在全球范围内的逐步淘汰，迫切需要为可变制冷剂流量（VRF）系统寻找环境可持续的替代品。本研究开发了一个综合热力学性能、环境影响、安全约束和实际可行性的多维评估框架，以评估5种低全球升温潜能值候选者——r32、R452B、R454B、R454C和R466A。该方法结合了用于确定季节效率指数的稳态循环模拟，用于碳足迹量化的生命周期气候绩效（LCCP）分析，以及符合IEC 60335-2-40和ISO 5149-1:2014 /Amd 2:21 1标准的标准化充电安全评估。同时，进行了实验研究，以确定润滑油与POE68和PVE68油的混相性。结果突出了关键指标之间的不同权衡：R32具有最高的效率和最低的LCCP，但其A2L可燃性和有限的润滑剂兼容性需要加强安全工程和材料优化。R454B在环境性能、混溶性和改造兼容性方面表现出最佳的整体平衡，将其定位为最实用的近插入式替代品。R466A具有不可燃特性，但互溶性差，限制了其适用性。半定量多准则决策分析确定了不同设计优先级下的最优替换策略。这项工作的主要贡献在于将润滑油混相数据和标准化充注安全评估整合到统一的决策支持框架中，为选择可持续制冷剂提供透明、科学的工具，并指导向低gwp VRF技术的过渡。

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引用次数: 0

Research on frost-resistant characteristics of air-water source finned evaporator based on air dew point temperature 基于空气露点温度的空气-水源翅片蒸发器抗冻特性研究

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117042

Chuanming Li , Xiangshen Gao , Rongshan Han , Nianping Li , Jibo Long , Minghao Ren , Fajin Xu , Qingqing Long

To enhance the heating performance and building load matching capability of finned evaporator heat pumps in winter, this study proposes a frost-suppression method using an air–water source finned evaporator integrated with a hot-water coil. A computational model for this combined heat transfer unit was established. Based on the air dew point temperature, an Artificial Neural Network prediction model with a coefficient of determination R2 of 0.9998 was developed, using inlet air temperature, humidity ratio, air velocity, and hot-water temperature as input variables and refrigerant heat gain as the output. This model was employed to simulate the maximum heat supply capacity and conduct load matching analysis under frost-free evaporator operation. Results indicate that a lower air humidity ratio corresponds to greater frost-free heating potential. For instance, at 5℃ air temperature, the maximum heat supplies for humidity ratios of 0.5 g/kg and 3.5 g/kg are 2.88 W and 0.38 W, respectively. Increasing the evaporator hot-water temperature significantly boosts the heat supply under frost-free operation: at −10℃ air temperature and 0.5 g/kg humidity ratio, the maximum heating capacities with 20℃ hot water and without hot water are 12.86 W and 5.54 W, respectively. Under typical winter conditions, raising the hot-water temperature effectively enhances exerts a more substantial influence on the matching rate between heat supply and building demand than varying the air velocity: in Xiangtan, increasing the temperature from 10℃ to 20℃ improves the matching rate of 11.87% (with 20℃ hot water meeting demand for 12.85% of the heating period), while in Xi’an, the corresponding improvement is 31.66% (with 20℃ hot water satisfying 50.87% of the demand). This research provides an effective methodology for frost suppression and load matching regulation in air-source heat pumps.

为了提高翅片式蒸发器热泵在冬季的供热性能和建筑负荷匹配能力，本研究提出了一种空气-水源翅片式蒸发器与热水盘管集成的抑霜方法。建立了该组合传热装置的计算模型。基于空气露点温度，以进风口温度、湿度比、风速和热水温度为输入变量，制冷剂热增益为输出变量，建立了决定系数R2为0.9998的人工神经网络预测模型。利用该模型模拟了无霜蒸发器运行时的最大供热能力，并进行了负荷匹配分析。结果表明，较低的空气湿度比对应着较大的无霜加热潜力。例如，在5℃空气温度下，湿度比为0.5 g/kg和3.5 g/kg时，最大发热量分别为2.88 W和0.38 W。提高蒸发器热水温度可显著提高无霜工况下的供热能力，在−10℃空气温度、0.5 g/kg湿度比下，20℃热水和无热水的最大供热能力分别为12.86 W和5.54 W。在典型冬季条件下，提高热水温度比改变风速对供热与建筑需求匹配率的影响更为显著：湘潭将温度从10℃提高到20℃，供热与建筑需求匹配率提高了11.87%（20℃热水满足采暖期12.85%的需求），西安提高了31.66%（20℃热水满足采暖期50.87%的需求）。该研究为空气源热泵的抑霜和负荷匹配调节提供了一种有效的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Exploration of key design questions in rule-based shading control for building energy load reduction 探索基于规则的建筑节能遮阳控制的关键设计问题

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117038

Jihyeon Cho , Suyeon Bang , Hoseong Lee , Yeonsook Heo

Automated shading can curb building energy use; however, its performance depends on the control strategy design. This study quantified how state variable, dynamicity level, and adaptation horizon shape end-use savings and visual comfort. and formulated static and dynamic rule-based strategies for exterior slat-type blinds that track the solar horizontal profile angle (SHPA). Both schemes were tuned monthly or annually. The candidate state variables include direct solar irradiance, outdoor temperature, and indoor temperature. We simulated the total energy loads (cooling, heating, and lighting) and operational behavior (mode duration and switching frequency) for the perimeter zones across the orientations. Monthly optimized static control achieved 39–41% total-load savings vs. a no-control baseline and outperformed a fixed 90° reference with dimming (∼29%). Dynamic SHPA tracking offers marginal energy gains (<≈1 percentage point) but incurs orders-of-magnitude higher switching frequency. Hourly analysis showed that neither the slat modulation level nor state variable choice produced load savings because the shaded areas controlled by the strategies were not significantly different. Monthly tuning outperformed annual optimized cases by ∼ 12 percentage points, reflecting seasonal non-stationarity in sun geometry and weather. This indicates that the adaptation time interval is critical in rule-based shading control. Finally, visual comfort of static controls remained acceptable; hours with visual discomfort (daylight glare index > 22) were < 3% in every zone. Overall, these findings provide a practical guideline: use optimized static rules as the default approach and select the adaptation timescale according to local climate variability, while aligning shading system design with the proposed control framework.

自动遮阳可以减少建筑能源的使用；然而，其性能取决于控制策略的设计。本研究量化了状态变量、动态水平和适应水平如何影响最终用途节约和视觉舒适度。并为跟踪太阳水平轮廓角（SHPA）的外部板条式百叶窗制定了基于静态和动态规则的策略。这两种方案都是按月或按年调整的。候选状态变量包括太阳直射度、室外温度和室内温度。我们模拟了各个方向周边区域的总能量负荷（冷却、加热和照明）和运行行为（模式持续时间和切换频率）。与无控制基线相比，每月优化的静态控制实现了39-41%的总负载节省，并且优于带调光的固定90°参考（约29%）。动态SHPA跟踪提供边际能量增益（<；≈1个百分点），但会导致更高的开关频率。每小时的分析表明，无论是调制水平还是状态变量选择都不会产生负载节省，因为由策略控制的阴影区域没有显着差异。月度调整比年度优化案例的表现高出约12个百分点，反映了太阳几何形状和天气的季节性非平稳性。这表明适应时间间隔在基于规则的着色控制中是至关重要的。最后，静态控制的视觉舒适度仍然可以接受；每个区域的视觉不适时间（日光眩光指数>； 22）为<； 3%。总的来说，这些发现提供了一个实用的指导方针：使用优化的静态规则作为默认方法，并根据当地气候变化选择适应时间尺度，同时将遮阳系统设计与提出的控制框架保持一致。

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引用次数: 0

Day-ahead power forecasting of self-cleaning nanocoated and conventional rooftop PV systems using SHAP-RFE-MCCV feature selection and deep learning 基于shape - rfe - mccv特征选择和深度学习的自清洁纳米涂层和传统屋顶光伏系统日前功率预测

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117054

Mingyang Wang , Man-Kwan Law , Jinglei Yang , Changying Xiang

Accurate day-ahead power forecasting of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems is critical for grid operation, energy trading, and smart building management. While self-cleaning nanocoatings can enhance PV energy yield by mitigating dust deposition and maintaining optical transmittance, their impact on forecasting performance remains largely unexplored. This study investigates the day-ahead forecasting behavior of nanocoated and conventional rooftop PV systems using five deep learning architectures: DNN, LSTM, 1D CNN, CNN-BiLSTM, and CNN-BiGRU. A SHAP-driven Recursive Feature Elimination with Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (SHAP-RFE-MCCV) framework was developed to identify the most relevant features from hundreds of lagged meteorological and power variables. Results indicate that the nanocoated PV system achieves a net cumulative power gain of 4.65% over 51 days relative to the uncoated system, corresponding to an average daily increase of 4.71%. This period covers the entire dataset used for forecasting, providing a representative assessment of coating benefits under varied irradiance conditions. While the coating enhances energy yield, sharper power variations lead to marginally higher prediction errors, reflecting the slightly increased forecasting difficulty. Among the models, DNN consistently attains the highest accuracy (R²: 0.9289–0.9496; MAE: 0.7051–0.8148), with LSTM also showing competitive predictive capability. The SHAP-RFE-MCCV framework effectively reduces input dimensionality by over 90% while preserving strong predictive accuracy across models (R² > 0.92). The study demonstrates that nanocoating not only improves energy generation but also alters temporal power patterns and forecastability. The proposed feature selection method offers an efficient, interpretable solution for high-dimensional PV forecasting and insights for integrating rooftop PV systems into smart grid applications.

准确的屋顶光伏发电系统日前功率预测对于电网运行、能源交易和智能建筑管理至关重要。虽然自清洁纳米涂层可以通过减少粉尘沉积和保持光学透过率来提高光伏发电量，但它们对预测性能的影响在很大程度上仍未被探索。本研究使用五种深度学习架构：DNN、LSTM、1D CNN、CNN- bilstm和CNN- bigru来研究纳米涂层和传统屋顶光伏系统的日前预测行为。开发了shap驱动的递归特征消除与蒙特卡罗交叉验证（SHAP-RFE-MCCV）框架，以从数百个滞后的气象和电力变量中识别最相关的特征。结果表明，相对于未涂覆的光伏系统，纳米涂层光伏系统在51天内实现了4.65%的净累积功率增益，相当于平均每天增加4.71%。这一时期涵盖了用于预测的整个数据集，提供了不同辐照度条件下涂层效益的代表性评估。虽然涂层提高了能量产出率，但更大的功率变化导致预测误差略高，反映了预测难度略有增加。在这些模型中，DNN的准确率始终最高（R2: 0.9289-0.9496; MAE: 0.7051-0.8148）， LSTM的预测能力也很有竞争力。shape - rfe - mccv框架有效地将输入维数降低了90%以上，同时在各个模型之间保持了很强的预测精度（R2 > 0.92）。研究表明，纳米涂层不仅改善了能源产生，而且改变了时间功率模式和可预测性。所提出的特征选择方法为高维光伏预测提供了一种高效、可解释的解决方案，并为将屋顶光伏系统集成到智能电网应用中提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Building climate-resilient Indian cities through regulatory and green rating frameworks 通过监管和绿色评级框架建设适应气候变化的印度城市

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117041

Rohit Thakur , Anil Kumar

Rapid urbanization and the increasing impact of climate change have amplified the need for climate-resilient strategies in Indian cities. Building codes and green rating systems play a pivotal role in shaping sustainable urban development. This article systematically analyzes major frameworks, including the Energy Conservation Sustainable Building Code (ECSBC), the National Building Code (NBC), and various Green Building Rating Systems (GBRS), to assess their contributions to climate resilience. Through a structured evaluation, this study identifies the strengths, gaps, and synergies across existing standards, with a particular focus on energy efficiency, -energy conservation, material sustainability, and the integration of passive design. Peer-reviewed studies demonstrate that enforcement of these policies reduces energy consumption by up to 32% in commercial buildings and 20–30% in residential buildings. This research underscores the imperative of shifting from design compliance to performance-oriented regulation, bolstered by post-construction assessments and enhanced enforcement capabilities within Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), while also advocating for the alignment of mandatory standards with voluntary rating systems and the incorporation of climate resilience metrics to guarantee that buildings are efficient, accountable, and capable of adapting to future risks. Research highlights the need to develop a web-based platform for evaluating the performance of green-rated buildings. This platform could facilitate better communication and collaboration among stakeholders, ensuring that best practices are shared and implemented effectively.

快速城市化和气候变化的影响日益加剧，加大了印度城市对气候适应型战略的需求。建筑规范和绿色评级体系在塑造可持续城市发展方面发挥着关键作用。本文系统地分析了主要框架，包括节能可持续建筑规范（ECSBC）、国家建筑规范（NBC）和各种绿色建筑评级系统（GBRS），以评估它们对气候适应能力的贡献。通过结构化评估，本研究确定了现有标准的优势、差距和协同作用，特别关注能源效率、节能、材料可持续性和被动式设计的整合。同行评议的研究表明，执行这些政策可使商业建筑的能源消耗减少多达32%，住宅建筑的能源消耗减少20-30%。本研究强调了从设计合规性转向以绩效为导向的监管的必要性，并以建设后评估和城市地方机构（ulb）内加强执法能力为支撑，同时还倡导将强制性标准与自愿评级系统相结合，并纳入气候适应能力指标，以确保建筑高效、负责任，并能够适应未来的风险。研究强调需要开发一个基于网络的平台来评估绿色等级建筑的性能。该平台可以促进利益攸关方之间更好的沟通和协作，确保有效地分享和实施最佳做法。

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引用次数: 0

TiN based thin film coatings for energy efficient glazing: experimental and simulation insights for sustainable building applications 用于节能玻璃的TiN基薄膜涂料：可持续建筑应用的实验和模拟见解

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117037

Sayan Atta , Joel Ashirvadam , Arun Tom Mathew , Sitaram Dash , Ariful Rahaman , Saboor Shaik , Uttamchand NarendraKumar

The growing energy demand in modern buildings, especially those with extensive glazing, underscores the need for energy-efficient solutions. This study explores the potential of magnetron-sputtered TiN mono and multilayer thin films to reduce air conditioning costs and promote sustainable building applications. Coatings were applied to glass substrates of varying thicknesses (4 mm, 6 mm, and 8 mm) and evaluated their optical, thermal, and environmental performance under the hot-dry climate of Vellore, TamilNadu, India. Surface characterization using AFM and FESEM revealed nano-hill structures with increased surface roughness in Ti/TiN multilayers, which enhanced light scattering. UV–VIS-NIR spectroscopy demonstrated that Ti/TiN films effectively blocked ultraviolet (UV) and near-infrared (NiR) radiation while maintaining high visible light transmittance. Spectroscopic ellipsometry highlighted substrate thickness-dependent variations in optical properties. The Ti/TiN film on a 6 mm glass substrate exhibited an optimal combination for low-E applications, balancing high infrared reflectance, visible light transmittance, and low UV penetration. Simulation studies using MATLAB and Design-Builder showed a 12.92% reduction in solar heat gain and improved indoor daylight distribution. Economic analysis indicated substantial reductions in air conditioning loads and electricity costs, with a payback period of 5–7 years. Environmental analysis quantified a significant reduction in carbon emissions, with Ti/TiN film on a 4 mm glass substrate capable of mitigating up to 290 kg CO₂/m² annually. These findings highlight TiN-based coatings as a scalable and cost-effective solution for enhancing energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and sustainability in modern buildings, particularly in regions with hot climatic conditions.

现代建筑不断增长的能源需求，特别是那些广泛使用玻璃的建筑，强调了对节能解决方案的需求。本研究探讨磁控溅射TiN单层和多层薄膜在降低空调成本和促进可持续建筑应用方面的潜力。在印度泰米尔纳德邦Vellore的干热气候下，将涂层涂在不同厚度（4毫米、6毫米和8毫米）的玻璃基板上，并评估其光学、热学和环境性能。利用AFM和FESEM对Ti/TiN多层膜进行表面表征，发现表面粗糙度增加的纳米山丘结构增强了光散射。紫外-可见-近红外光谱分析表明，Ti/TiN薄膜在保持较高的可见光透过率的同时，有效地阻挡了紫外（UV）和近红外（NiR）辐射。光谱椭偏强调了基片厚度在光学性质上的依赖变化。6毫米玻璃基板上的Ti/TiN薄膜表现出低e应用的最佳组合，平衡了高红外反射率、可见光透射率和低紫外线穿透率。利用MATLAB和Design-Builder进行的仿真研究表明，太阳能热增益降低了12.92%，室内日光分布得到改善。经济分析表明，空调负荷和电力成本大幅降低，投资回收期为5-7年。环境分析量化了碳排放的显著减少，在4毫米玻璃基板上的Ti/TiN膜每年能够减少高达290千克/平方米的二氧化碳。这些发现突出了tin基涂料作为一种可扩展且具有成本效益的解决方案，可提高现代建筑的能源效率、热舒适性和可持续性，特别是在气候条件炎热的地区。

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引用次数: 0

Good practices for documenting AI-based studies on energy and buildings 记录基于人工智能的能源和建筑研究的良好实践

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117043

Tianzhen Hong, Han Li

Artificial intelligence has transformed building science research over the past decade, with applications spanning energy modeling, energy prediction, HVAC optimization and controls, fault detection, and occupancy modeling. However, many studies lack adequate documentation of datasets, algorithms, training procedures, and validation methods. Building science research faces additional challenges including inconsistent evaluation metrics, limited generalizability across building types, climates, and significant gaps between experimental studies and deployed systems. This communication provides practical guidance for good practices in documenting and publishing AI-based research following established standards from the computer science and machine learning communities. By adopting frameworks such as Datasheets for Datasets, Model Cards, and standardized reproducibility checklists, researchers can ensure their work meets the rigorous documentation standards necessary for reproducible, comparable, and impactful building science research.

在过去的十年里，人工智能已经改变了建筑科学研究，其应用涵盖了能源建模、能源预测、暖通空调优化和控制、故障检测和占用建模。然而，许多研究缺乏足够的数据集、算法、训练程序和验证方法的文档。建筑科学研究还面临着其他挑战，包括不一致的评估指标，建筑类型、气候的有限通用性，以及实验研究和部署系统之间的显著差距。本交流为遵循计算机科学和机器学习社区的既定标准记录和发布基于人工智能的研究的良好实践提供了实用指导。通过采用数据集数据表、模型卡和标准化可重复性检查表等框架，研究人员可以确保他们的工作符合可重复、可比较和有影响力的建筑科学研究所需的严格文档标准。

引用次数: 0

Observational study on the thermal performance of photovoltaic and cool-photovoltaic roofs during heatwaves in a semi-arid city 半干旱城市高温天气下光伏屋面和冷光伏屋面热性能的观测研究

IF 7.1 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2026.117036

Liwei Yang , Xiaoqing Gao , Zhenchao Li , Dongyu Jia

Extreme heatwaves are intensifying globally, yet observational evidence on the micro-climate effects of rooftop photovoltaics (PV) remains scarce, particularly in semi-arid regions. This study addresses this gap through a 46-day summer experimental investigation (July–August 2025) conducted in the semi-arid, valley-bound city of Lanzhou, north-west China. We compared the reference regular roof, photovoltaic roof (PV roof), and the cool roof integrated photovoltaic system (CPV roof), all employing double-glass modules, offering novel field-based insights into their thermal behavior under heatwaves. Results demonstrate a distinct diurnal asymmetry and vertical variation in cooling effects. Both PV and CPV roofs induced significant near-ground cooling during daytime (median: –0.49 to –0.77°C), with CPV being more effective. However, at heights above 1.5 m, PV roof maintained cooling while CPV caused slight warming. During nighttime, the thermal impact of both strategies was markedly reduced. Counterintuitively, CPV roof increased module operating temperatures by approximately 3°C than PV roof, indicating that the combination of a cool roof and PV modules does not constitute a linearly additive cooling benefit. All strategies reduced daytime roof surface temperature by 10–15°C. A robust micro-meteorological model confirmed that solar irradiance, air temperature, and wind speed dominate module heating, with PV warming twice as fast as air—affirming its role as an artificial heat island. The CPV roof showed heightened climate sensitivity, making its performance highly weather-dependent. These insights are critical for advancing sustainable city planning in a warming world.

极端热浪正在全球范围内加剧，但关于屋顶光伏（PV）的微气候效应的观测证据仍然很少，特别是在半干旱地区。本研究通过在中国西北部半干旱的河谷城市兰州进行为期46天的夏季实验调查（2025年7月至8月）来解决这一差距。我们比较了参考常规屋顶、光伏屋顶（PV屋顶）和冷屋顶集成光伏系统（CPV屋顶），所有这些屋顶都采用双玻璃模块，为它们在热浪下的热行为提供了新颖的基于现场的见解。结果表明，冷却效果具有明显的日不对称性和垂直变化。PV和CPV屋顶在白天都能产生显著的近地冷却（中位数：-0.49至-0.77°C）， CPV屋顶更有效。然而，在1.5 m以上的高度，光伏屋顶保持冷却，而CPV引起轻微的升温。在夜间，这两种策略的热影响都显著降低。与人们的直觉相反，CPV屋顶比PV屋顶使组件的工作温度提高了约3°C，这表明凉爽屋顶和PV组件的组合并不构成线性加性冷却效益。所有这些策略都将白天屋顶表面温度降低了10-15°C。一个强大的微气象模型证实，太阳辐照度、空气温度和风速主导着组件加热，光伏变暖速度是空气变暖速度的两倍，证实了其作为人工热岛的作用。CPV屋顶表现出高度的气候敏感性，使其性能高度依赖于天气。这些见解对于在全球变暖的情况下推进可持续城市规划至关重要。

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