Energy and Buildings最新文献_第4页

On enhancing the performance of modified bitumen through the synergistic mechanism of polyurethane and waste rubber powder

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115435

Zehua Zhu, Peng Xiao, Aihong Kang, Keke Lou, Changjiang Kou, Yujuan Zhang

Despite advancements in bitumen technology, traditional bitumen often fails to meet the increasing demands for durability and environmental sustainability. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and waste rubber powder (WRP) were utilized to prepare a composite-modified bitumen to overcome the performance limitations of conventional bitumen. The performance of this composite-modified bitumen was comprehensively evaluated through rheological tests, thermal stability tests, infrared spectroscopy, and micro-morphological analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the molecular-level interactions between TPU and WRP, further explaining the enhancement mechanisms. The study showed that WRP undergoes a crosslinking reaction at high temperatures, enhancing the thermal stability of the composite-modified bitumen, while the elasticity of TPU promotes a microlevel interlocking mechanism that improves mechanical properties and deformation resistance. The optimal mixing ratios of TPU to WRP were determined to be 8 % and 10 %. The three-dimensional network structure formed by the long polymer chains of TPU as the main framework, interspersed with WRP, effectively optimizes the temperature stability and elastic recovery of the bitumen. This study not only fills a critical gap in research on the synergistic effects of TPU and WRP but also provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for developing low-noise, durable bitumen pavements.

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引用次数: 0

Regional performance analysis of residential microgrids: A multi-factor assessment of cost, resilience, and environmental impact

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115433

Philip Odonkor, Samuel Ashmore

Microgrids offer a promising way to enhance resilience, sustainability, and decentralization in energy systems. However, their adoption is often limited by the challenge of tailoring solutions to specific locations while keeping deployment scalable and cost-effective. Designing each microgrid to suit local conditions—including local climate patterns, household energy demands, grid reliability, and utility rate structures—often necessitates custom engineering, which inflates costs and delays implementation. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a framework to identify scalable, standardized design archetypes for residential microgrids that integrate photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Through an extensive factorial analysis of 7,200 system configurations across Texas, California, and New York, we demonstrate that PV capacity is the predominant factor driving system performance, accounting for nearly all observed variations. Battery storage, while regionally dependent, exhibits its strongest influence in Texas and a comparatively weaker role in New York. Our findings reveal consistent performance inflection points, with PV capacities covering 40–50% of household consumption driving energy independence, while those exceeding 60% maximize environmental benefits through avoided emissions. Notably, these results highlight a convergence between economic and environmental goals, enabling streamlined design strategies centered on PV systems with regionally optimized battery storage. By offering standardized yet adaptable archetypes which leverage these insights, this framework simplifies microgrid design, reducing costs and complexity while preserving the flexibility needed to address local conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation and development of prefabricated insulation elements for renovation of apartment buildings with autoclaved aerated concrete external walls

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439

Peep Pihelo, Targo Kalamees

The nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) require foremost that the heat losses of buildings should be reduced significantly in the coming years compared to the present levels. The efficient way to meet these requirements is to renovate apartment and public buildings on an industrial scale with prefabricated insulation elements for the major renovation. The current study presents the design and testing of an innovative building retrofit strategy using prefabricated insulation elements. We show successful implementations and lessons learned from the deep retrofitting of the external wall of a three-story apartment building in Estonia. The building, constructed using autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels, underwent a thorough energy renovation process using prefabricated timber-frame insulation elements. Hygrothermal performance was designed, long-term performance was measured, and the simulation model was calibrated with test elements in 2020 and in the renovated building in 2021–2022, in the different critical spots of the external envelope. A series of combinations with insulation elements were analyzed, using building performance simulation software to compare risks and the main hygrothermal properties. The analysis indicated that thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of the wind barrier layer and the performance, presence, or absence of the vapor control layer had the strongest influence on the moisture content and drying (and therefore the risk of mold growth) at the critical points of the insulated exterior wall. An air and vapor control layer with moderate and varying water vapor resistance (S_d ≤ 0.5 m at RH > 85 %) is suggested. It was shown that the critical initial moisture content of the AAC panel exterior layer could reach the level up to w = 65 kg/m³ (u = 0.07 kg/kg) in cold and humid climate conditions, which will dry out in 1–2 years after the installation of prefabricated elements, depending on materials used

{"title":"Performance evaluation and development of prefabricated insulation elements for renovation of apartment buildings with autoclaved aerated concrete external walls","authors":"Peep Pihelo, Targo Kalamees","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) require foremost that the heat losses of buildings should be reduced significantly in the coming years compared to the present levels. The efficient way to meet these requirements is to renovate apartment and public buildings on an industrial scale with prefabricated insulation elements for the major renovation. The current study presents the design and testing of an innovative building retrofit strategy using prefabricated insulation elements. We show successful implementations and lessons learned from the deep retrofitting of the external wall of a three-story apartment building in Estonia. The building, constructed using autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels, underwent a thorough energy renovation process using prefabricated timber-frame insulation elements. Hygrothermal performance was designed, long-term performance was measured, and the simulation model was calibrated with test elements in 2020 and in the renovated building in 2021–2022, in the different critical spots of the external envelope. A series of combinations with insulation elements were analyzed, using building performance simulation software to compare risks and the main hygrothermal properties. The analysis indicated that thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of the wind barrier layer and the performance, presence, or absence of the vapor control layer had the strongest influence on the moisture content and drying (and therefore the risk of mold growth) at the critical points of the insulated exterior wall. An air and vapor control layer with moderate and varying water vapor resistance (<em>S</em><sub>d</sub> ≤ 0.5 m at <em>RH</em> > 85 %) is suggested. It was shown that the critical initial moisture content of the AAC panel exterior layer could reach the level up to <em>w</em> = 65 kg/m<sup>3</sup> (<em>u</em> = 0.07 kg/kg) in cold and humid climate conditions, which will dry out in 1–2 years after the installation of prefabricated elements, depending on materials used</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical assessment on China’s old neighborhood renovation: Barriers analysis, solutions and future research prospects

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115407

Yishuang Liang , Queena K. Qian , Bo Li , Yaning An , Lei Shi

The renovation of old neighborhood plays a pivotal role in augmenting the quality of life and catalyzing urban development. Currently, numerous old neighborhoods in China necessitate renovation due to insufficient maintenance and management, inadequate supporting infrastructure, and suboptimal energy efficiency. Despite extensive research and practical endeavors dedicated to old neighborhood renovation, a research gap in critical analysis emerged during the literature review. This study endeavors a comprehensive analysis to delineate the current state of renovation endeavors, elucidate barriers encountered, and propose innovative strategies to surmount these barriers. Firstly, this study provides a comprehensive overview of ongoing status of renovation efforts and their key focal points. Secondly, this study furnishes an encompassing summary of the fundamental aspects of old neighborhood renovation, encompassing sponge city renovation, environmental enhancement, building energy-efficient renovation, elevator installation, and modernizing elderly facilities and services. Furthermore, this paper meticulously analyzes the barriers such as stakeholder conflicts, resident skepticism, funding limitations, divergent perceptions, limited resident participation, and intricate decision-making processes. To solve these identified barriers, some targeted practical solutions are proposed including bolstering the governmental leadership, exploring diversified funding mechanisms, expanding policy implementation agents, improving resident communication, and establishing collaborative multi-party framework. These measures provide practical guidance to facilitate the seamless progression of renovation initiatives. This study aspires to furnish theoretical insights, practical guidance for policy formulation, and actionable recommendations for sustainable urban neighborhood renovation, contributing to the scholarly discourse and practice in this field.

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引用次数: 0

Cost-optimal dimensioning of hybrid heat pump systems utilizing waste heat from hydrogen production for a kindergarten in cold climate

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115430

Yuchen Ju , Xinyi Hu , Juha Jokisalo , Risto Kosonen , Tianchen Xue , Altti Meriläinen , Antti Kosonen

The growing need for environmentally-friendly energy solutions encourages the integration of various renewable energy sources in buildings. District heating (DH) systems, widely applied in northern and central European countries, are efficient in transforming and integrating renewable energy sources in large-scale energy systems. With the growth of hydrogen (H₂) production, there is great potential for utilizing H₂ production excess heat. However, the cost-optimal dimensioning of hybrid heat pump systems considering H₂ production excess heat is still in its infancy. This study examined the cost-optimal dimensioning of energy systems based on the 25-year life cycle cost (LCC). Two types of heat pumps, ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A2WHP) equipped with photovoltaic (PV) panels have been used in tandem with a DH system to provide heat to a kindergarten in the Nordic region. The comparison included two DH tariffs: the commercial DH prices from a DH company and the zero-emission DH price derived from waste heat generated during H₂ production. The results found that the GSHP with PV and waste heat from H₂ production has the lowest LCC. The utilization of H₂ production waste heat can decrease up to 10 % of HP dimensioning because of a lower DH price in the heating season.

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引用次数: 0

Field experimental study of the impact of solar radiation on the thermal comfort of occupants near the glazing area in an office building

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115422

Bing Song , Liu Yang , Lujian Bai

The ultimate goal of indoor environment design in office buildings is to create a comfortable thermal environment. To satisfy diverse needs, there has been a notable increase in the use of exterior windows in building facades in recent years. This typically results in severe indoor thermal-comfort issues. In this study, a long-term field experiment was conducted in a typical south-facing office during winter, spring, and summer to investigate the thermal comfort of occupants in proximity to glazing. The results indicate that solar radiation transmitted indoors exerts a considerable influence on the thermal comfort of occupants in proximity to glazing. The intensity of solar radiation transmitted indoors has a pronounced impact on the nonuniform thermal environment, wherein the mean radiant temperature distribution is spatially inhomogeneous and exhibits a degree of asymmetric radiant temperature. This effect is observed to diminish as the occupants’ proximity to the window diminishes. The solar-adjusted operative temperature provides an appropriate approach for evaluating or predicting human comfort with direct solar radiation. The sensitivity of occupants to elevated ambient temperature was greater when they were exposed to solar radiation. In the absence of direct solar radiation, the acceptable range of operative temperature ought to be maintained within the range of 22.5 to 25.5 °C. In the presence of direct solar radiation, the acceptable range of solar-adjusted operative temperature should be maintained within the range of 22.0 to 24.5 °C. The deviation between thermal neutrality and thermal comfort is apparent; the deviation between the upper and lower comfort limits is 2.0 °C and 1.6 °C respectively, when occupants are exposed to solar radiation. This deviation indicates that although the thermal sensation reaches neutrality, the occupant may not remain in a comfortable state. Given the crucial function of windows in shaping the indoor thermal environment, the outcomes of this study may assist researchers and designers in selecting more reasonable strategies for improving the indoor thermal environment in buildings with extensive glazing.

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引用次数: 0

Study on the impact of land-sea distribution on future building energy consumption in Chinese cities under the background of climate change

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115434

Teng Yang , Wanxiang Yao , Ting Lei , Jinfu Cao , Bart Julien Dewancker

The impact of future global warming on energy consumption of buildings has become a key topic of research in various fields around the world. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis to consider the relationship between urban land-sea distribution and building energy consumption as well as future trends, and this study aims to address this gap. Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we predicted meteorological data and building energy consumption for sixty cities in China with different climate zones and land-sea distributions for the temporal framework of 2050s and 2080s in the future. The results show that urban land-sea distribution has a certain impact on future meteorological data, building heating and cooling loads, and annual total energy consumption. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways3-7.0 scenario, compared to the baseline year, it is predicted that by the 2050s, the annual total energy consumption in cold zone will decrease by about 4.79 %, while in hot summer and cold winter zone it will increase by about 13.04 %. By the 2080s, these figures are expected to increase by approximately 5.36 % and 21.5 %, respectively. Based on these findings, this study uses a dimensionless method to quantitatively analyze the relative change patterns of future urban land-sea distribution and building energy consumption. A quantitative model is established to understand the impact of urban land-sea distribution on current and future annual total building energy consumption. The conclusions of this study can provide a reference basis for urban planning and layout, building energy efficiency design and policy-making.

{"title":"Study on the impact of land-sea distribution on future building energy consumption in Chinese cities under the background of climate change","authors":"Teng Yang , Wanxiang Yao , Ting Lei , Jinfu Cao , Bart Julien Dewancker","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of future global warming on energy consumption of buildings has become a key topic of research in various fields around the world. However, there is a lack of quantitative analysis to consider the relationship between urban land-sea distribution and building energy consumption as well as future trends, and this study aims to address this gap. Based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we predicted meteorological data and building energy consumption for sixty cities in China with different climate zones and land-sea distributions for the temporal framework of 2050s and 2080s in the future. The results show that urban land-sea distribution has a certain impact on future meteorological data, building heating and cooling loads, and annual total energy consumption. Under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways3-7.0 scenario, compared to the baseline year, it is predicted that by the 2050s, the annual total energy consumption in cold zone will decrease by about 4.79 %, while in hot summer and cold winter zone it will increase by about 13.04 %. By the 2080s, these figures are expected to increase by approximately 5.36 % and 21.5 %, respectively. Based on these findings, this study uses a dimensionless method to quantitatively analyze the relative change patterns of future urban land-sea distribution and building energy consumption. A quantitative model is established to understand the impact of urban land-sea distribution on current and future annual total building energy consumption. The conclusions of this study can provide a reference basis for urban planning and layout, building energy efficiency design and policy-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115434"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring cognitive functions variability at ambient temperatures from 20 °C to 48 °C: An fNIRS study

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115424

Jing Geng , Yin Tang , Song Wang , Yan Zhang , Meng Lan , Kaixin Shen , Wenguo Weng

Exposure to elevated temperatures is known to impair task performance and diminish work efficiency. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), celebrated for its non-invasive and portable characteristics, is extensively utilized in brain function research. This study explores the potential of fNIRS signals in assessing cognitive function across a range of ambient temperatures. Twenty-four right-handed university students were subjected to eight temperature conditions (20, 23, 26, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 48 °C) in a climate chamber. Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (O₂Hb) concentration within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured during both resting and task states using a 22-channel fNIRS system. The data revealed significant variations in brain activity within the lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) across different temperatures during the resting state. A quadratic relationship (R^2 > 0.7) between ambient temperature and resting state O₂Hb concentrations was established through correlation analysis. Under cognitive tasks, peak activations for the 2-back, trail-making, and addition tests were noted at 20 °C, while the Stroop test reached its peak activation at 26 °C. Further, correlations between task performance and fNIRS-derived cognitive metrics were analyzed. Specifically, the Stroop test displayed pronounced variations in the hemodynamic response function (HRF) relative to ambient temperature, with changes in O₂Hb concentration consistent with variations in task performance as temperatures increased. These findings highlight the reliability of fNIRS as a tool for assessing cognitive dynamics under thermal strain.

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引用次数: 0

Fully exploiting solar energy with building envelops: Experimental study on an adjustable photovoltaic green facade

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115431

Chunying Li , Jixing Xie , Ruixue Liu , Junyi Tan , Xiaojiao Zhu , Na Li , Haida Tang

An innovative adjustable photovoltaic green facade (APVGF) was proposed that combines an adjustable photovoltaic (PV) blind system with a green facade (GF), offering high flexibility, significant energy output, excellent architectural aesthetics, and considerable building energy-saving potential. Experimental evaluations with identical test boxes showcased the system’s multifaceted benefits, including a notable decrease in the average daytime temperature of window glass by 4.2 ℃ and 5.2 ℃ for the GF and APVGF, respectively, with peak reductions reaching 9.7 ℃ and 13.7 ℃. The interior air temperature was reduced by an average of 6.5 °C and 7.7 °C, with maximum reductions of 15.3 °C and 18.6 °C. Additionally, the GF and the APVGF reduced the daytime average light intensity inside the test box by 6837 and 7706 lx, reducing the glare risk. High temperatures and self-shading significantly reduced the power generation efficiency of the PV modules in the auto-adjusting and 30° fixed modes. However, the higher total equivalent irradiance (G_E) received in auto-adjusting angle mode resulted in daily power generation being approximately 17.2 % and 22.5 % higher than that in the 30° and 90° fixed angle modes. The APVGF system’s key innovation is its dual-purpose design: it adjusts the angle of the PV blinds based on the sun’s position and environmental needs, boosting PV efficiency, and it enhances the building’s ecological and aesthetic value with a green facade. This system marks a breakthrough in green building tech and offers a new approach to urban sustainability.

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle carbon and cost assessments of the retrofit to Passivhaus EnerPHit standard of suburban residential buildings in Hunan, China

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115417

Chenfei Liu , Haniyeh Mohammadpourkarbasi , Steve Sharples

The substantial number of energy-inefficient residential buildings in China presents a significant barrier to the Chinese government’s ambitious goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. The Passivhaus standard provides clear and structured guidance on achieving low energy consumption during building operations. However, the extent to which the corresponding EnerPHit retrofit standard contributes to carbon neutrality, especially over an entire building’s lifespan, remains unclear. High initial costs and uncertainties in payback periods often obstruct the implementation of deep retrofits. To address these gaps, this study conducted life cycle carbon and cost assessments on a suburban residential building in Hunan, China, evaluating five EnerPHit standard retrofit scenarios requiring different levels of retrofit inputs. These results were compared with the life cycle performance of the pre-retrofit scenario. Dynamic building energy simulations, accounting for changing climate conditions over the next 30 years, provided a predicted evaluation of operational impact The findings suggest that EnerPHit-level retrofits can achieve significant total carbon savings of 80 %–83 % compared to the pre-retrofit case over the examined lifespan. However, the cost benefits were less prominent, with savings ranging between 7 % and 15 %. The initial impacts on carbon and cost were notably different: total embodied carbon accounted for only 8 %–14 % of the lifecycle, while initial costs comprised 71 %–75 %. Optimisation analysis is necessary to maximise the benefits of EnerPHit-level retrofits. The best retrofit scenario in this study achieved a combined efficiency of ¥87 financial savings per tonne of carbon saved per square metre of floor area, whereas the worst scenario only achieved 46 % of this efficiency.

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引用次数: 0