Energy and Buildings最新文献_第3页

Advancing decarbonization through 3D printed concrete formworks: Life cycle analysis of technologies, materials, and processes

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115444

Valentino Sangiorgio , Iacopo Bianchi , Archimede Forcellese

3D printing technologies are innovating several industrial fields for their ability to produce complex shapes, reduce material use and obtain high-performance structures. Among the possible applications of 3D printing in the civil construction sector, manufacturing formwork for concrete casting is a promising solution for producing thin-walled and complex structures. Given the increasing interest and numerous applications being developed, comprehensive studies on the sustainability of 3D-printed concrete formwork are required to improve the processes and drive low-carbon construction practices. In this context, the present study provides for the first time an evaluation of the environmental and economic sustainability of concrete structures achieved using 3D printed formwork. The research investigates the influence of various factors such as: i) geometry complexity, ii) printing technology (Fused Deposition Modelling and Material Jetting), iii) process parameters, iv) raw materials (PLA, ABS, PVA, Geopolymers, Cements, Clay) v) machines kinematic systems and vi) End of Life alternatives. To perform such an investigation, a parametric CAD model was developed to define structure geometry; furthermore, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing methodologies were applied to calculate the impacts and cost of the different alternatives. The results showed that a proper choice of the combination of geometry, technology, material, and process parameters is crucial for reducing the carbonization-related impacts associated with 3D-printed formwork production. In addition, reuse and recycling of the formworks cut overall impacts, making 3D printing a sustainable alternative to traditional production processes while allowing greater design freedom.

{"title":"Advancing decarbonization through 3D printed concrete formworks: Life cycle analysis of technologies, materials, and processes","authors":"Valentino Sangiorgio , Iacopo Bianchi , Archimede Forcellese","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing technologies are innovating several industrial fields for their ability to produce complex shapes, reduce material use and obtain high-performance structures. Among the possible applications of 3D printing in the civil construction sector, manufacturing formwork for concrete casting is a promising solution for producing thin-walled and complex structures. Given the increasing interest and numerous applications being developed, comprehensive studies on the sustainability of 3D-printed concrete formwork are required to improve the processes and drive low-carbon construction practices. In this context, the present study provides for the first time an evaluation of the environmental and economic sustainability of concrete structures achieved using 3D printed formwork. The research investigates the influence of various factors such as: i) geometry complexity, ii) printing technology (Fused Deposition Modelling and Material Jetting), iii) process parameters, iv) raw materials (PLA, ABS, PVA, Geopolymers, Cements, Clay) v) machines kinematic systems and vi) End of Life alternatives. To perform such an investigation, a parametric CAD model was developed to define structure geometry; furthermore, Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Costing methodologies were applied to calculate the impacts and cost of the different alternatives. The results showed that a proper choice of the combination of geometry, technology, material, and process parameters is crucial for reducing the carbonization-related impacts associated with 3D-printed formwork production. In addition, reuse and recycling of the formworks cut overall impacts, making 3D printing a sustainable alternative to traditional production processes while allowing greater design freedom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115444"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Skin temperature indices to evaluate thermal perceptions and cognitive performance in cold environments

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115425

Boyang Sun , Jiansong Wu , Chuan Li , Siyao Shen , Xinge Han , Zhuqiang Hu

The human body maintains thermoneutrality by regulating skin temperature, so skin temperature has potential as an index for assessing thermal perception. The connection between skin temperature, thermal perception, and cognitive performance is also undergoing deeper investigation. In this study, the local skin temperature (head, face, ear, hand, finger, arm, chest, thigh, calf and foot), thermal perceptions (thermal sensation and thermal comfort), and cognitive performance of 14 young males were recorded for 65 min at −13℃, −5℃ and 3℃. Cognitive performance was assessed using a Stroop test, where participants identified the color of words that either matched or conflicted with the word’s meaning. The results showed that the drop in ambient temperature resulted in more significant changes in ear, finger, and calf skin temperatures than the decrease in mean skin temperature (MST). Finger skin temperature was strongly linked to the overall thermal perception, and it ranged from 24.48 ℃ to 30.65 ℃ in the thermoneutral range. The quadratic fitting relationships were found in hand, foot, and face between the local skin temperatures and their local thermal perceptions (R² > 0.9). Local skin temperatures (hand, foot and face) all recovered to above 25 ℃ when local thermal sensation vote (TSV) and local thermal comfort vote (TCV) were greater than 0. Cognitive performance is correlated strongly with foot skin temperature. Foot temperatures above 28.83 ℃ were associated with better cognitive performance. Regarding thermal perception, the best cognitive performance was achieved with TSV_Foot of approximately 1.09. This study provides valuable insights into how local skin temperatures can be used as indicators of thermal perception and cognitive function.

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引用次数: 0

Optimized design and performance study of hybrid energy systems for building clusters based on image recognition and generative models: A case study of office parks

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115438

Yixin Dong , Li Zhu , Jiayi Sun , Pingyi Li , Tianyu Wang , Zirui Li

The reasonable design of building hybrid energy system capacity configuration is crucial to ensuring the economic viability and applicability of decarbonized operational building parks. This study proposes an optimal design method for configuring parameters of hybrid energy systems, integrating parametric techniques (Grasshopper) with multiple models to explore the optimal combination of wind power, solar power, heat pump technology, and energy storage systems. The design process incorporates the segmentation and analysis of building site images using the TransU-Net model to assess the suitability of the design location and the installed capacity of system components. Additionally, the SPEA-II optimization algorithm is applied based on four evaluation indices: wind and solar energy complementarity, power supply loss rate, initial system investment, and economic coefficient. This approach enables the optimal solution screening for hybrid energy systems in buildings. Experimental results demonstrate that the optimized energy system increases renewable energy utilization by 5%–10%, enhances stability by 26.09%–56.70%, and reduces economic costs by 24.85%–59.55%. Furthermore, the proposed method achieves a feedback time as short as 320 s, enabling rapid response to pictorial scheme adjustments.

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引用次数: 0

A two-stage probabilistic flexibility management model for aggregated residential buildings

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115404

Saeed Akbari , João Martins , Luis M. Camarinha-Matos , Giovanni Petrone

The increasing integration of renewable energy resources into power systems introduces variability and uncertainty, challenging the availability of flexible resources required to maintain grid stability. Traditionally, flexible ramping relies on conventional generation with fixed capacities, highlighting the need for alternative flexible resources. This study focuses on demand-side resources, such as aggregated residential buildings forming collaborative energy ecosystems with dispatchable flexible assets, as a promising solution to address these challenges. This paper proposes a two-stage probabilistic model for managing the flexibility of aggregated buildings, focusing on maximizing ramping capacity from energy storage systems, thermal loads, and shiftable appliances during intra-day periods. In the first stage, buildings operate normally, optimizing energy exchange based on electricity prices. In the second stage, buildings coordinate in response to aggregator signals by imposing a strategy of maximum anticipation or delay to manage energy exchange. The aggregator then assesses the total potential ramping capacities for market participation. Numerical results and sensitivity analyses demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in accurately assessing aggregated ramp capacity. The findings reveal that the proposed approach significantly enhances residential building flexibility, providing accurate assessments of their contribution to grid stability and enabling efficient participation in flexibility markets.

{"title":"A two-stage probabilistic flexibility management model for aggregated residential buildings","authors":"Saeed Akbari , João Martins , Luis M. Camarinha-Matos , Giovanni Petrone","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing integration of renewable energy resources into power systems introduces variability and uncertainty, challenging the availability of flexible resources required to maintain grid stability. Traditionally, flexible ramping relies on conventional generation with fixed capacities, highlighting the need for alternative flexible resources. This study focuses on demand-side resources, such as aggregated residential buildings forming collaborative energy ecosystems with dispatchable flexible assets, as a promising solution to address these challenges. This paper proposes a two-stage probabilistic model for managing the flexibility of aggregated buildings, focusing on maximizing ramping capacity from energy storage systems, thermal loads, and shiftable appliances during intra-day periods. In the first stage, buildings operate normally, optimizing energy exchange based on electricity prices. In the second stage, buildings coordinate in response to aggregator signals by imposing a strategy of maximum anticipation or delay to manage energy exchange. The aggregator then assesses the total potential ramping capacities for market participation. Numerical results and sensitivity analyses demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in accurately assessing aggregated ramp capacity. The findings reveal that the proposed approach significantly enhances residential building flexibility, providing accurate assessments of their contribution to grid stability and enabling efficient participation in flexibility markets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115404"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143395763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On enhancing the performance of modified bitumen through the synergistic mechanism of polyurethane and waste rubber powder

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115435

Zehua Zhu, Peng Xiao, Aihong Kang, Keke Lou, Changjiang Kou, Yujuan Zhang

Despite advancements in bitumen technology, traditional bitumen often fails to meet the increasing demands for durability and environmental sustainability. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and waste rubber powder (WRP) were utilized to prepare a composite-modified bitumen to overcome the performance limitations of conventional bitumen. The performance of this composite-modified bitumen was comprehensively evaluated through rheological tests, thermal stability tests, infrared spectroscopy, and micro-morphological analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the molecular-level interactions between TPU and WRP, further explaining the enhancement mechanisms. The study showed that WRP undergoes a crosslinking reaction at high temperatures, enhancing the thermal stability of the composite-modified bitumen, while the elasticity of TPU promotes a microlevel interlocking mechanism that improves mechanical properties and deformation resistance. The optimal mixing ratios of TPU to WRP were determined to be 8 % and 10 %. The three-dimensional network structure formed by the long polymer chains of TPU as the main framework, interspersed with WRP, effectively optimizes the temperature stability and elastic recovery of the bitumen. This study not only fills a critical gap in research on the synergistic effects of TPU and WRP but also provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for developing low-noise, durable bitumen pavements.

{"title":"On enhancing the performance of modified bitumen through the synergistic mechanism of polyurethane and waste rubber powder","authors":"Zehua Zhu, Peng Xiao, Aihong Kang, Keke Lou, Changjiang Kou, Yujuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advancements in bitumen technology, traditional bitumen often fails to meet the increasing demands for durability and environmental sustainability. In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and waste rubber powder (WRP) were utilized to prepare a composite-modified bitumen to overcome the performance limitations of conventional bitumen. The performance of this composite-modified bitumen was comprehensively evaluated through rheological tests, thermal stability tests, infrared spectroscopy, and micro-morphological analysis. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the molecular-level interactions between TPU and WRP, further explaining the enhancement mechanisms. The study showed that WRP undergoes a crosslinking reaction at high temperatures, enhancing the thermal stability of the composite-modified bitumen, while the elasticity of TPU promotes a microlevel interlocking mechanism that improves mechanical properties and deformation resistance. The optimal mixing ratios of TPU to WRP were determined to be 8 % and 10 %. The three-dimensional network structure formed by the long polymer chains of TPU as the main framework, interspersed with WRP, effectively optimizes the temperature stability and elastic recovery of the bitumen. This study not only fills a critical gap in research on the synergistic effects of TPU and WRP but also provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for developing low-noise, durable bitumen pavements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115435"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional performance analysis of residential microgrids: A multi-factor assessment of cost, resilience, and environmental impact

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115433

Philip Odonkor, Samuel Ashmore

Microgrids offer a promising way to enhance resilience, sustainability, and decentralization in energy systems. However, their adoption is often limited by the challenge of tailoring solutions to specific locations while keeping deployment scalable and cost-effective. Designing each microgrid to suit local conditions—including local climate patterns, household energy demands, grid reliability, and utility rate structures—often necessitates custom engineering, which inflates costs and delays implementation. This study addresses this challenge by proposing a framework to identify scalable, standardized design archetypes for residential microgrids that integrate photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery energy storage systems (BESS). Through an extensive factorial analysis of 7,200 system configurations across Texas, California, and New York, we demonstrate that PV capacity is the predominant factor driving system performance, accounting for nearly all observed variations. Battery storage, while regionally dependent, exhibits its strongest influence in Texas and a comparatively weaker role in New York. Our findings reveal consistent performance inflection points, with PV capacities covering 40–50% of household consumption driving energy independence, while those exceeding 60% maximize environmental benefits through avoided emissions. Notably, these results highlight a convergence between economic and environmental goals, enabling streamlined design strategies centered on PV systems with regionally optimized battery storage. By offering standardized yet adaptable archetypes which leverage these insights, this framework simplifies microgrid design, reducing costs and complexity while preserving the flexibility needed to address local conditions.

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引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation and development of prefabricated insulation elements for renovation of apartment buildings with autoclaved aerated concrete external walls

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439

Peep Pihelo, Targo Kalamees

The nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) require foremost that the heat losses of buildings should be reduced significantly in the coming years compared to the present levels. The efficient way to meet these requirements is to renovate apartment and public buildings on an industrial scale with prefabricated insulation elements for the major renovation. The current study presents the design and testing of an innovative building retrofit strategy using prefabricated insulation elements. We show successful implementations and lessons learned from the deep retrofitting of the external wall of a three-story apartment building in Estonia. The building, constructed using autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels, underwent a thorough energy renovation process using prefabricated timber-frame insulation elements. Hygrothermal performance was designed, long-term performance was measured, and the simulation model was calibrated with test elements in 2020 and in the renovated building in 2021–2022, in the different critical spots of the external envelope. A series of combinations with insulation elements were analyzed, using building performance simulation software to compare risks and the main hygrothermal properties. The analysis indicated that thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of the wind barrier layer and the performance, presence, or absence of the vapor control layer had the strongest influence on the moisture content and drying (and therefore the risk of mold growth) at the critical points of the insulated exterior wall. An air and vapor control layer with moderate and varying water vapor resistance (S_d ≤ 0.5 m at RH > 85 %) is suggested. It was shown that the critical initial moisture content of the AAC panel exterior layer could reach the level up to w = 65 kg/m³ (u = 0.07 kg/kg) in cold and humid climate conditions, which will dry out in 1–2 years after the installation of prefabricated elements, depending on materials used

{"title":"Performance evaluation and development of prefabricated insulation elements for renovation of apartment buildings with autoclaved aerated concrete external walls","authors":"Peep Pihelo, Targo Kalamees","doi":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nearly zero energy buildings (nZEB) require foremost that the heat losses of buildings should be reduced significantly in the coming years compared to the present levels. The efficient way to meet these requirements is to renovate apartment and public buildings on an industrial scale with prefabricated insulation elements for the major renovation. The current study presents the design and testing of an innovative building retrofit strategy using prefabricated insulation elements. We show successful implementations and lessons learned from the deep retrofitting of the external wall of a three-story apartment building in Estonia. The building, constructed using autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) panels, underwent a thorough energy renovation process using prefabricated timber-frame insulation elements. Hygrothermal performance was designed, long-term performance was measured, and the simulation model was calibrated with test elements in 2020 and in the renovated building in 2021–2022, in the different critical spots of the external envelope. A series of combinations with insulation elements were analyzed, using building performance simulation software to compare risks and the main hygrothermal properties. The analysis indicated that thermal resistance and water vapor permeability of the wind barrier layer and the performance, presence, or absence of the vapor control layer had the strongest influence on the moisture content and drying (and therefore the risk of mold growth) at the critical points of the insulated exterior wall. An air and vapor control layer with moderate and varying water vapor resistance (<em>S</em><sub>d</sub> ≤ 0.5 m at <em>RH</em> > 85 %) is suggested. It was shown that the critical initial moisture content of the AAC panel exterior layer could reach the level up to <em>w</em> = 65 kg/m<sup>3</sup> (<em>u</em> = 0.07 kg/kg) in cold and humid climate conditions, which will dry out in 1–2 years after the installation of prefabricated elements, depending on materials used</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11641,"journal":{"name":"Energy and Buildings","volume":"332 ","pages":"Article 115439"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A critical assessment on China’s old neighborhood renovation: Barriers analysis, solutions and future research prospects

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115407

Yishuang Liang , Queena K. Qian , Bo Li , Yaning An , Lei Shi

The renovation of old neighborhood plays a pivotal role in augmenting the quality of life and catalyzing urban development. Currently, numerous old neighborhoods in China necessitate renovation due to insufficient maintenance and management, inadequate supporting infrastructure, and suboptimal energy efficiency. Despite extensive research and practical endeavors dedicated to old neighborhood renovation, a research gap in critical analysis emerged during the literature review. This study endeavors a comprehensive analysis to delineate the current state of renovation endeavors, elucidate barriers encountered, and propose innovative strategies to surmount these barriers. Firstly, this study provides a comprehensive overview of ongoing status of renovation efforts and their key focal points. Secondly, this study furnishes an encompassing summary of the fundamental aspects of old neighborhood renovation, encompassing sponge city renovation, environmental enhancement, building energy-efficient renovation, elevator installation, and modernizing elderly facilities and services. Furthermore, this paper meticulously analyzes the barriers such as stakeholder conflicts, resident skepticism, funding limitations, divergent perceptions, limited resident participation, and intricate decision-making processes. To solve these identified barriers, some targeted practical solutions are proposed including bolstering the governmental leadership, exploring diversified funding mechanisms, expanding policy implementation agents, improving resident communication, and establishing collaborative multi-party framework. These measures provide practical guidance to facilitate the seamless progression of renovation initiatives. This study aspires to furnish theoretical insights, practical guidance for policy formulation, and actionable recommendations for sustainable urban neighborhood renovation, contributing to the scholarly discourse and practice in this field.

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引用次数: 0

Cost-optimal dimensioning of hybrid heat pump systems utilizing waste heat from hydrogen production for a kindergarten in cold climate

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115430

Yuchen Ju , Xinyi Hu , Juha Jokisalo , Risto Kosonen , Tianchen Xue , Altti Meriläinen , Antti Kosonen

The growing need for environmentally-friendly energy solutions encourages the integration of various renewable energy sources in buildings. District heating (DH) systems, widely applied in northern and central European countries, are efficient in transforming and integrating renewable energy sources in large-scale energy systems. With the growth of hydrogen (H₂) production, there is great potential for utilizing H₂ production excess heat. However, the cost-optimal dimensioning of hybrid heat pump systems considering H₂ production excess heat is still in its infancy. This study examined the cost-optimal dimensioning of energy systems based on the 25-year life cycle cost (LCC). Two types of heat pumps, ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A2WHP) equipped with photovoltaic (PV) panels have been used in tandem with a DH system to provide heat to a kindergarten in the Nordic region. The comparison included two DH tariffs: the commercial DH prices from a DH company and the zero-emission DH price derived from waste heat generated during H₂ production. The results found that the GSHP with PV and waste heat from H₂ production has the lowest LCC. The utilization of H₂ production waste heat can decrease up to 10 % of HP dimensioning because of a lower DH price in the heating season.

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引用次数: 0

Field experimental study of the impact of solar radiation on the thermal comfort of occupants near the glazing area in an office building

IF 6.6 2区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Energy and Buildings

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115422

Bing Song , Liu Yang , Lujian Bai

The ultimate goal of indoor environment design in office buildings is to create a comfortable thermal environment. To satisfy diverse needs, there has been a notable increase in the use of exterior windows in building facades in recent years. This typically results in severe indoor thermal-comfort issues. In this study, a long-term field experiment was conducted in a typical south-facing office during winter, spring, and summer to investigate the thermal comfort of occupants in proximity to glazing. The results indicate that solar radiation transmitted indoors exerts a considerable influence on the thermal comfort of occupants in proximity to glazing. The intensity of solar radiation transmitted indoors has a pronounced impact on the nonuniform thermal environment, wherein the mean radiant temperature distribution is spatially inhomogeneous and exhibits a degree of asymmetric radiant temperature. This effect is observed to diminish as the occupants’ proximity to the window diminishes. The solar-adjusted operative temperature provides an appropriate approach for evaluating or predicting human comfort with direct solar radiation. The sensitivity of occupants to elevated ambient temperature was greater when they were exposed to solar radiation. In the absence of direct solar radiation, the acceptable range of operative temperature ought to be maintained within the range of 22.5 to 25.5 °C. In the presence of direct solar radiation, the acceptable range of solar-adjusted operative temperature should be maintained within the range of 22.0 to 24.5 °C. The deviation between thermal neutrality and thermal comfort is apparent; the deviation between the upper and lower comfort limits is 2.0 °C and 1.6 °C respectively, when occupants are exposed to solar radiation. This deviation indicates that although the thermal sensation reaches neutrality, the occupant may not remain in a comfortable state. Given the crucial function of windows in shaping the indoor thermal environment, the outcomes of this study may assist researchers and designers in selecting more reasonable strategies for improving the indoor thermal environment in buildings with extensive glazing.

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引用次数: 0