This study explored the use of pomelo albedo as a composite flour in bread production. The pomelo albedo portion of the whole fruit was debittered through the standard method and obtained debittered pomelo albedo flours (DPAF) which were incorporated into wheat flour at four formulations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% for bread production. The impact of DPAF on functional characteristics of composite flours and physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of breads was investigated. The difference between 100% wheat flour and flour enriched with 30% DPAF regarding water absorption (130.00 - 166.33%), bulk density (0.68 - 0.96 g/ ml) and crude fibre (1.50 - 2.42%) was significant giving higher value in DPAF composite flours, while their specific volume (2.93 - 4.14 cm3/ g) and protein (7.75 - 10.07%) were lower than that of control bread without DPAF. The phytochemical properties of bread varied slightly with incorporation of DPAF. A Sensory evaluation test using a 9-point hedonic scale showed that the appearance, flavor and overall acceptability were within the liking rate for 10% composite bread. The overall results could be useful for guiding the future application of pomelo albedo by-product in the bakery industry.
{"title":"Potential of Debittered Pomelo Albedo Flour (Citrus maxima) in Bread: Functional, Nutritional and Phytochemical Characteristics","authors":"K. Olatoye, A. I. Lawal, F. B. Ojimi","doi":"10.4038/jfa.v16i1.5279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v16i1.5279","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the use of pomelo albedo as a composite flour in bread production. The pomelo albedo portion of the whole fruit was debittered through the standard method and obtained debittered pomelo albedo flours (DPAF) which were incorporated into wheat flour at four formulations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% for bread production. The impact of DPAF on functional characteristics of composite flours and physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of breads was investigated. The difference between 100% wheat flour and flour enriched with 30% DPAF regarding water absorption (130.00 - 166.33%), bulk density (0.68 - 0.96 g/ ml) and crude fibre (1.50 - 2.42%) was significant giving higher value in DPAF composite flours, while their specific volume (2.93 - 4.14 cm3/ g) and protein (7.75 - 10.07%) were lower than that of control bread without DPAF. The phytochemical properties of bread varied slightly with incorporation of DPAF. A Sensory evaluation test using a 9-point hedonic scale showed that the appearance, flavor and overall acceptability were within the liking rate for 10% composite bread. The overall results could be useful for guiding the future application of pomelo albedo by-product in the bakery industry.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87182810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. M. D. S. N. Wanigasooriya, P. Arampath, C. Wellala
Nutrients are vital for the growth and development of the human body. Intake of inadequate nutrients substantially affects the growth and mental development of young children. The aim of this research was to formulate and develop a nutritious baby biscuit using composite flour of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) for children, under 5 years old. Composite flour was prepared by blending wheat flour with pumpkin flour, soybean flour and corn flour with the respective ratios of 100:0:0:0 (T1), 85:5:5:5 (T2), 70:10:10:10 (T3), and 55:15:15:15 (T4). The suitability of the composite flour was evaluated by the functional properties, microbial quality-related parameters, sensory attributes and proximate composition analysis. Functional properties namely water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and foam capacity were significantly higher (p <0.05) in composite flour than in wheat flour. The best-preferred baby biscuit was developed using treatment 3 (T3: 70:10:10:10), representing 30% of composite flour. The colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability of the baby biscuit were significantly higher (p <0.05). The composite flour (T3) possessed 3.96% moisture (wb), 2.66% ash, 14.18% fat, 2.23% fibre, 3.43% protein, 74.75% carbohydrate, 46.00 mg/ g calcium, 3.18 mg /g iron and 427.90 mg/ g potassium. Total plate count (540 CFU) and yeast and mould count (360 CFU) were below the standard microbial limits for biscuits. In conclusion, 30% substitution of wheat flour using composite flour (pumpkin, soybean and corn) was successful in the production of nutritious biscuits for young children.
{"title":"Development of Nutritious Biscuit by Substitution of Wheat Flour using Composite Flour of Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), Corn (Zea mays) and Soybean (Glycine max) and Quality Evaluation","authors":"W. M. D. S. N. Wanigasooriya, P. Arampath, C. Wellala","doi":"10.4038/jfa.v16i1.5284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v16i1.5284","url":null,"abstract":"Nutrients are vital for the growth and development of the human body. Intake of inadequate nutrients substantially affects the growth and mental development of young children. The aim of this research was to formulate and develop a nutritious baby biscuit using composite flour of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays) for children, under 5 years old. Composite flour was prepared by blending wheat flour with pumpkin flour, soybean flour and corn flour with the respective ratios of 100:0:0:0 (T1), 85:5:5:5 (T2), 70:10:10:10 (T3), and 55:15:15:15 (T4). The suitability of the composite flour was evaluated by the functional properties, microbial quality-related parameters, sensory attributes and proximate composition analysis. Functional properties namely water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity and foam capacity were significantly higher (p <0.05) in composite flour than in wheat flour. The best-preferred baby biscuit was developed using treatment 3 (T3: 70:10:10:10), representing 30% of composite flour. The colour, flavour, texture and overall acceptability of the baby biscuit were significantly higher (p <0.05). The composite flour (T3) possessed 3.96% moisture (wb), 2.66% ash, 14.18% fat, 2.23% fibre, 3.43% protein, 74.75% carbohydrate, 46.00 mg/ g calcium, 3.18 mg /g iron and 427.90 mg/ g potassium. Total plate count (540 CFU) and yeast and mould count (360 CFU) were below the standard microbial limits for biscuits. In conclusion, 30% substitution of wheat flour using composite flour (pumpkin, soybean and corn) was successful in the production of nutritious biscuits for young children.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73389904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khabat Noori Hussein, Bashdar I. Meena, Hiwa M. Ahmed, Tamás Csurka, Adrienn Varga-Tóth, Karina Hidas, Jónás Gábor, László Friedrich, István Dalmadi, Csaba Németh
The application of hurdle approach using high hydrostatic processing (HHP) with bioactive compounds (BACs) to preserve meat quality is promising due to safety, improved well-being, and easier acceptance by customers compared to the use of synthetic preservatives. This study was designed to investigate the influence of natural phenolic BAC carvacrol (CARV) at 500 and 1000 ppm combined with HHP(300 and 600MPa) on the quality attributes of chicken meat after being vacuum-sealed and kept at 4 ± 0.5 °C for 28 days. The HHP showed a significantly higher pH rate (P<0.05), increased L* and b* value, decreased a* values, and reduction in water holding capacity (WHC) compared to unpressurized control meat with/without CARV. Reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indexes was perceived in meat supplemented with CARV, and low level of HHP (300 HHP) whereas significantly increased lipid oxidation was witnessed with HHP 600 MPa. At day 28, an increase in aerobic mesophilic counts (AMCs) was observed in all meat samples. However, reductions of about 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 log in AMCs were seen in meat treated with 600HHP-No CARV, HHP300-CARV 500 ppm, and 600HHP-CARV 1000 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, despite the overlapping aroma pattern between meat containing CARV and control groups, the electronic nose was able to discriminate control from samples subjected to HHP. The current results demonstrate that the addition of CARV improved the conservation effects of HHP with less oxidative deterioration of fresh chicken meat during chilling storage. Keywords: Bioactive compounds; High hydrostatic processing; Chicken meat; Lipid oxidation; Microbiological properties
{"title":"Combined effect of carvacrol and high hydrostatic pressure on quality attributes of chicken meat during refrigerated conditions","authors":"Khabat Noori Hussein, Bashdar I. Meena, Hiwa M. Ahmed, Tamás Csurka, Adrienn Varga-Tóth, Karina Hidas, Jónás Gábor, László Friedrich, István Dalmadi, Csaba Németh","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3133","url":null,"abstract":"The application of hurdle approach using high hydrostatic processing (HHP) with bioactive compounds (BACs) to preserve meat quality is promising due to safety, improved well-being, and easier acceptance by customers compared to the use of synthetic preservatives. This study was designed to investigate the influence of natural phenolic BAC carvacrol (CARV) at 500 and 1000 ppm combined with HHP(300 and 600MPa) on the quality attributes of chicken meat after being vacuum-sealed and kept at 4 ± 0.5 °C for 28 days. The HHP showed a significantly higher pH rate (P<0.05), increased L* and b* value, decreased a* values, and reduction in water holding capacity (WHC) compared to unpressurized control meat with/without CARV. Reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) indexes was perceived in meat supplemented with CARV, and low level of HHP (300 HHP) whereas significantly increased lipid oxidation was witnessed with HHP 600 MPa. At day 28, an increase in aerobic mesophilic counts (AMCs) was observed in all meat samples. However, reductions of about 0.6, 0.8, and 1.1 log in AMCs were seen in meat treated with 600HHP-No CARV, HHP300-CARV 500 ppm, and 600HHP-CARV 1000 ppm, respectively. Furthermore, despite the overlapping aroma pattern between meat containing CARV and control groups, the electronic nose was able to discriminate control from samples subjected to HHP. The current results demonstrate that the addition of CARV improved the conservation effects of HHP with less oxidative deterioration of fresh chicken meat during chilling storage. Keywords: Bioactive compounds; High hydrostatic processing; Chicken meat; Lipid oxidation; Microbiological properties","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136311233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Ullah, Faisel M. Abuduhier, Showket H. Bhat, Aamir Ahmad, Mohammad Rehan Ajmal, Syed Khalid Mustafa
Cancer is associated with a high rate of pre-mature mortality worldwide and serves as a significant impediment to extended life expectancy, leading to undesirable long-term effects on the quality of life of the patients. Bioactive chemical products derived from natural sources have an important place in the well-being of the human population since ancient times. Compounds derived from natural sources have dominated the drug discovery programs in the last five decades and comprise a substantial proportion of current-day pharmaceutical agents. Rhazya stricta, an evergreen shrub, it belongs to family Apocynaceae of order Gentianales, and the Rhazya stricta is known to have certain medicinal properties, as the Middle East and South Asian traditional medicine employed this plant as a cure for different diseases. Herein, the hydro-methanolic extract of Rhazya stricta Decne has been studied for its effect on spectrum of cancer cells, including LNCaP, C4-2B, PC-3 prostate cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3 breast cancer cells, A-549 lung cancer cells and BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer. Hydro-methanolic extract of Rhazya stricta Decne in a dose-dependent manner, showed progressive inhibition of cell growth by induction of cell death in the treated human cancer cells. The IC value range for different breast cancer cell lines was 142-178 µg/ml; for prostate cancer cell lines, it was 90-148 µg/ml; for pancreatic cancer cell lines 116-166 µg/ml and for the lung cancer cells, it was reported to be 180 µg/ml. The anti-metastatic potential of extract was indicated by the notable reduction in invasiveness and cell migration. Moreover, the structurally diverse phytochemical rich extract, also downregulates the signaling of NF-kB and the NF-kB downstream target cytokine VEGF, providing an insight into the anticancer action mechanism.Keywords: Cell biology; Cancer chemoprevention; Anticancer drugs; Cell signaling; Natural compounds
在全球范围内，癌症导致的过早死亡率很高，是延长预期寿命的一大障碍，并对患者的生活质量造成长期不良影响。自古以来，从天然资源中提取的生物活性化学产品在人类福祉中占有重要地位。在过去的五十年里，从天然资源中提取的化合物在药物发现项目中占据了主导地位，并在当今的药物制剂中占有相当大的比例。Rhazya stricta 是一种常绿灌木，属于龙胆科龙胆属，众所周知，Rhazya stricta 具有一定的药用价值，中东和南亚的传统医学利用这种植物治疗不同的疾病。在此，我们研究了狭叶龙胆的水甲醇提取物对多种癌细胞的影响，包括 LNCaP、C4-2B、PC-3 前列腺癌细胞，MDA-MB-231、MCF-7、SKBR3 乳腺癌细胞，A-549 肺癌细胞和 BxPC-3、MiaPaCa-2 胰腺癌细胞。Rhazya stricta Decne 的水甲醇提取物以剂量依赖的方式，通过诱导细胞死亡来逐步抑制受处理人类癌细胞的生长。不同乳腺癌细胞株的 IC 值范围为 142-178 微克/毫升；前列腺癌细胞株的 IC 值范围为 90-148 微克/毫升；胰腺癌细胞株的 IC 值范围为 116-166 微克/毫升；肺癌细胞的 IC 值范围为 180 微克/毫升。萃取物的抗转移潜力表现在显著降低侵袭性和细胞迁移。此外，富含多种植物化学物质的提取物还能下调NF-kB和NF-kB下游靶细胞因子VEGF的信号转导，从而揭示其抗癌作用机制：细胞生物学 癌症化学预防 抗癌药物 细胞信号传导 天然化合物
{"title":"Cytotoxic and anti-metastatic action mediates the anti-proliferative activity of Rhazya stricta Decne inducing apoptotic cell death in human cancer cells: Implication in chemopreventive mechanism","authors":"M. Ullah, Faisel M. Abuduhier, Showket H. Bhat, Aamir Ahmad, Mohammad Rehan Ajmal, Syed Khalid Mustafa","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3132","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is associated with a high rate of pre-mature mortality worldwide and serves as a significant impediment to extended life expectancy, leading to undesirable long-term effects on the quality of life of the patients. Bioactive chemical products derived from natural sources have an important place in the well-being of the human population since ancient times. Compounds derived from natural sources have dominated the drug discovery programs in the last five decades and comprise a substantial proportion of current-day pharmaceutical agents. Rhazya stricta, an evergreen shrub, it belongs to family Apocynaceae of order Gentianales, and the Rhazya stricta is known to have certain medicinal properties, as the Middle East and South Asian traditional medicine employed this plant as a cure for different diseases. Herein, the hydro-methanolic extract of Rhazya stricta Decne has been studied for its effect on spectrum of cancer cells, including LNCaP, C4-2B, PC-3 prostate cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, SKBR3 breast cancer cells, A-549 lung cancer cells and BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer. Hydro-methanolic extract of Rhazya stricta Decne in a dose-dependent manner, showed progressive inhibition of cell growth by induction of cell death in the treated human cancer cells. The IC value range for different breast cancer cell lines was 142-178 µg/ml; for prostate cancer cell lines, it was 90-148 µg/ml; for pancreatic cancer cell lines 116-166 µg/ml and for the lung cancer cells, it was reported to be 180 µg/ml. The anti-metastatic potential of extract was indicated by the notable reduction in invasiveness and cell migration. Moreover, the structurally diverse phytochemical rich extract, also downregulates the signaling of NF-kB and the NF-kB downstream target cytokine VEGF, providing an insight into the anticancer action mechanism.Keywords: Cell biology; Cancer chemoprevention; Anticancer drugs; Cell signaling; Natural compounds","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Goja, Sara Al-Otaishan, Layla Al-Awami, Nirjes Ali, Zainab Al-Faraj, Eman Al-Kulayf, Zahraa Al-Sukairi, Omar I. Abuzaid, Tunny Sebastian, Rabie Khattab
Low bone mineral density (BMD) has become more common in young women. In postmenopausal women, soy isoflavones have been demonstrated to have a powerful influence on bone health when taken as a food supplement. It is unclear how soy isoflavones affect premenopausal women, though. This study looked at how soy isoflavones affected female university students’ BMD. Thirty female students, aged 18 to 25, were introduced to a Quasi-experimental design, where only 28 could complete the study. Participants received soy isoflavone at 60 mg/day for 28 days. BMD was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before and after supplementation. In addition, twenty-four hours food recall and food frequency questioners (FFQ) were used to evaluate the dietary intake of participants. The prevalence of osteoporosis among participants was 18% osteoporosis, 61% osteopenia and 21% normal. After 4 weeks of intervention, a slight improvement in the BMD was recorded. This improvement was noticed in 33, 59, and 40% of normal,osteopenia, and osteoporosis participants, respectively. Soy isoflavone supplementation can be useful in decreasing the risk of osteopenia among premenopausal women. These promising results ensure the viability of conducting full-scale clinical trials to thoroughly look at the relationship between soy isoflavones and bone health among pre-menopausal women. Keywords: Osteoporosis; Bone mineral density; Soy isoflavone; Saudi Arabia
{"title":"Effect of soy isoflavones on bone health among female university students: a pilot study","authors":"A. Goja, Sara Al-Otaishan, Layla Al-Awami, Nirjes Ali, Zainab Al-Faraj, Eman Al-Kulayf, Zahraa Al-Sukairi, Omar I. Abuzaid, Tunny Sebastian, Rabie Khattab","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3131","url":null,"abstract":"Low bone mineral density (BMD) has become more common in young women. In postmenopausal women, soy isoflavones have been demonstrated to have a powerful influence on bone health when taken as a food supplement. It is unclear how soy isoflavones affect premenopausal women, though. This study looked at how soy isoflavones affected female university students’ BMD. Thirty female students, aged 18 to 25, were introduced to a Quasi-experimental design, where only 28 could complete the study. Participants received soy isoflavone at 60 mg/day for 28 days. BMD was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before and after supplementation. In addition, twenty-four hours food recall and food frequency questioners (FFQ) were used to evaluate the dietary intake of participants. The prevalence of osteoporosis among participants was 18% osteoporosis, 61% osteopenia and 21% normal. After 4 weeks of intervention, a slight improvement in the BMD was recorded. This improvement was noticed in 33, 59, and 40% of normal,osteopenia, and osteoporosis participants, respectively. Soy isoflavone supplementation can be useful in decreasing the risk of osteopenia among premenopausal women. These promising results ensure the viability of conducting full-scale clinical trials to thoroughly look at the relationship between soy isoflavones and bone health among pre-menopausal women. Keywords: Osteoporosis; Bone mineral density; Soy isoflavone; Saudi Arabia","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Potassium acetate is a food additive used for preserving and regulating acidity (buffering agent) of processed food. The continuous use of food additives in our various foodstuffs made it necessary to test their possible toxicity. This research aims to test the cytogenotoxic effects of the food additive potassium acetate (E261) by using Allium cepa test system. The parameters tested were: root length, root number, mitotic index, and mitotic abnormalities. The concentrations of potassium acetate were: 0,00% (control), 0,05%, 0,10%, 0.15%, 0,20%, and 0,25%. The onions were incubated in different concentrations of potassium acetate for 72 hours. The roots were then taken and spread on a microscopic slide by squash method. The results showed that the tested food additive had a positive effect on root length, root number, and mitotic index at 0.05%. However, it had mitodepressive effect at higher concentrations and also decreased root length and root number as compared to the control. Total mitotic abnormalities increased with increasing the food additive concentration. The different mitotic abnormalities observed were laggard chromosomes, C-mitosis, multipolar anaphase, sticky metaphase, binucleate, sticky anaphase, and micronuclei. The highest effect of the test material was observed at 0.25% potassium acetate. These results suggest that this food additive is mutagenic and can be harmful if used in high concentrations in food. Keywords: Food additive, Meristematic cells, Mitotic index, Abnormalities
{"title":"Evaluation of cytogenotoxic effect of potassium acetate on Allium cepa L. root tips","authors":"Nasreen Jalal Hussein","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3129","url":null,"abstract":"Potassium acetate is a food additive used for preserving and regulating acidity (buffering agent) of processed food. The continuous use of food additives in our various foodstuffs made it necessary to test their possible toxicity. This research aims to test the cytogenotoxic effects of the food additive potassium acetate (E261) by using Allium cepa test system. The parameters tested were: root length, root number, mitotic index, and mitotic abnormalities. The concentrations of potassium acetate were: 0,00% (control), 0,05%, 0,10%, 0.15%, 0,20%, and 0,25%. The onions were incubated in different concentrations of potassium acetate for 72 hours. The roots were then taken and spread on a microscopic slide by squash method. The results showed that the tested food additive had a positive effect on root length, root number, and mitotic index at 0.05%. However, it had mitodepressive effect at higher concentrations and also decreased root length and root number as compared to the control. Total mitotic abnormalities increased with increasing the food additive concentration. The different mitotic abnormalities observed were laggard chromosomes, C-mitosis, multipolar anaphase, sticky metaphase, binucleate, sticky anaphase, and micronuclei. The highest effect of the test material was observed at 0.25% potassium acetate. These results suggest that this food additive is mutagenic and can be harmful if used in high concentrations in food. Keywords: Food additive, Meristematic cells, Mitotic index, Abnormalities","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Villa‐Ruano, S. Ramirez-Garcia, Gerardo Landeta-Cortés, J. M. Cunill-Flores, Guillermo M. Horta-Valerdi, Yesenia Pacheco Hernández
Resveratrol (RV), carnosic acid (CA) and hernandulcin (HE; a non-caloric sweetener) are envisioned as promising nutraceuticals to designnew functional foods for improving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effectof these molecules on specific enzyme targets and their capacity to improve distinctive markers associated to carbohydrate and lipidmetabolism in murine model. The enzymes explored were alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase whereas ICR malemice were used for in vivo testing. Saturation curves (10-200 µM mL-1) and Lineweaver-Burk regressions suggested that RV, CA andHE exerts non-competitive inhibition on pancreatic lipase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase but, CA produced a strong competitiveactivity on alpha-amylase. RV was more effective to inhibit alpha-glucosidase (IC50, 22.1 µM) whereas CA was the most effective toinhibit both alpha-amylase (IC50, 11.7 µM) and pancreatic lipase (IC50, 31.5 µM). The effects of the oral administration of RV (300 mg/kg) HE (100 mg/kg) and CA (100 mg/kg) as well as the simultaneous administration of the three compounds at the same concentration was also explored in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. In addition, the prolonged administration of these substances combined with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days was performed. Our results revealed a clear modulatory activity in both postprandial glucose and triglyceride levels as well an improvement in biochemical markers of mice treated with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. The administration of HE produced a notable change (p < 0.01) in postprandial glucose assimilation at 60 min post-treatment in diabetic mice, whereas the other two compounds exerted a stronger depletion of glucose levels from 30 to 120 min post-treatment. A similar trend was recorded by RV and CA in postprandial triglyceride content, however, the latter compound was more effective (p < 0.05) at lower doses than RV. The simultaneous administration of the three compounds produced a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in biochemical parameters associated to carbohydrate (insulin and glucose) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin).Outstandingly, the mixture of the three compounds was more effective (p < 0.01) than the administration of sole compounds to amelioratethe side effects of the hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. Finally, the body weight of treated mice significantly decreased (from 5 to 20%; p < 0.05) in comparison with mice only fed with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. Our results suggest that mixtures of RV, HE and CA may work better than their sole administration in mice and part of their biological activity could be associated with their inhibitory properties on the enzyme targets evaluated in this investigation. Keywords: Carnosic acid; Hernandulcin; Resveratrol; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic; Murine model; Target enzymes
白藜芦醇（RV）、肉苁蓉酸（CA）和鞘氨醇苷（HE，一种无热量甜味剂）被认为是很有前途的营养保健品，可用于设计新的功能食品，改善脂质和碳水化合物代谢。本研究旨在调查这些分子对特定酶靶的体外抑制作用，以及它们改善小鼠模型中与碳水化合物和脂质代谢相关的独特指标的能力。所研究的酶是α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和胰脂肪酶，并使用 ICR 小鼠进行体内测试。饱和曲线（10-200 µM mL-1）和 Lineweaver-Burk 回归表明，RV、CA 和 HE 对胰脂肪酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶具有非竞争性抑制作用，但 CA 对α-淀粉酶具有很强的竞争活性。RV 对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用更强（IC50，22.1 µM），而 CA 对α-淀粉酶（IC50，11.7 µM）和胰脂肪酶（IC50，31.5 µM）的抑制作用最强。此外，还在血糖正常的小鼠和糖尿病小鼠中探讨了口服 RV（300 毫克/千克）、HE（100 毫克/千克）和 CA（100 毫克/千克）以及同时服用相同浓度的这三种化合物的效果。此外，还对这些物质与高热量/高致脂肪饮食联合长期服用 30 天的情况进行了研究。我们的研究结果表明，这些物质对餐后血糖和甘油三酯水平有明显的调节作用，并改善了高热量/高脂饮食小鼠的生化指标。给糖尿病小鼠注射 HE 后 60 分钟，餐后葡萄糖同化发生了显著变化（p < 0.01），而其他两种化合物在治疗后 30 至 120 分钟内对葡萄糖水平的消耗更强。RV 和 CA 对餐后甘油三酯含量的影响趋势相似，但后者在低剂量时比 RV 更有效（p < 0.05）。同时服用这三种化合物可显著改善碳水化合物（胰岛素和葡萄糖）和脂质代谢（总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、瘦素和脂肪连通素）相关生化指标（p < 0.01）。最后，与只喂食高热量/致动脉粥样硬化饮食的小鼠相比，接受治疗的小鼠体重明显下降（从 5% 降至 20%；p < 0.05）。我们的研究结果表明，RV、HE 和 CA 的混合物对小鼠的作用可能比单独给药更好，它们的部分生物活性可能与它们对本研究中评估的酶靶点的抑制特性有关。 关键词卡诺酸；白藜芦醇；降血糖；降血脂；小鼠模型；靶酶
{"title":"Comparative effect of resveratrol, carnosic acid and hernandulcin on target enzymes and biochemical markers linked to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in mice","authors":"N. Villa‐Ruano, S. Ramirez-Garcia, Gerardo Landeta-Cortés, J. M. Cunill-Flores, Guillermo M. Horta-Valerdi, Yesenia Pacheco Hernández","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3130","url":null,"abstract":"Resveratrol (RV), carnosic acid (CA) and hernandulcin (HE; a non-caloric sweetener) are envisioned as promising nutraceuticals to designnew functional foods for improving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effectof these molecules on specific enzyme targets and their capacity to improve distinctive markers associated to carbohydrate and lipidmetabolism in murine model. The enzymes explored were alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase whereas ICR malemice were used for in vivo testing. Saturation curves (10-200 µM mL-1) and Lineweaver-Burk regressions suggested that RV, CA andHE exerts non-competitive inhibition on pancreatic lipase, alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase but, CA produced a strong competitiveactivity on alpha-amylase. RV was more effective to inhibit alpha-glucosidase (IC50, 22.1 µM) whereas CA was the most effective toinhibit both alpha-amylase (IC50, 11.7 µM) and pancreatic lipase (IC50, 31.5 µM). The effects of the oral administration of RV (300 mg/kg) HE (100 mg/kg) and CA (100 mg/kg) as well as the simultaneous administration of the three compounds at the same concentration was also explored in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. In addition, the prolonged administration of these substances combined with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet for 30 days was performed. Our results revealed a clear modulatory activity in both postprandial glucose and triglyceride levels as well an improvement in biochemical markers of mice treated with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. The administration of HE produced a notable change (p < 0.01) in postprandial glucose assimilation at 60 min post-treatment in diabetic mice, whereas the other two compounds exerted a stronger depletion of glucose levels from 30 to 120 min post-treatment. A similar trend was recorded by RV and CA in postprandial triglyceride content, however, the latter compound was more effective (p < 0.05) at lower doses than RV. The simultaneous administration of the three compounds produced a significant improvement (p < 0.01) in biochemical parameters associated to carbohydrate (insulin and glucose) and lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides, leptin, and adiponectin).Outstandingly, the mixture of the three compounds was more effective (p < 0.01) than the administration of sole compounds to amelioratethe side effects of the hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. Finally, the body weight of treated mice significantly decreased (from 5 to 20%; p < 0.05) in comparison with mice only fed with hypercaloric/atherogenic diet. Our results suggest that mixtures of RV, HE and CA may work better than their sole administration in mice and part of their biological activity could be associated with their inhibitory properties on the enzyme targets evaluated in this investigation. Keywords: Carnosic acid; Hernandulcin; Resveratrol; Hypoglycemic; Hypolipidemic; Murine model; Target enzymes","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i6.3121
J. A. Núñez-Gastélum, Fabián Eduardo Maciel-Ortiz, N. Martínez-Ruiz, E. Álvarez-Parrilla, L. A. de la Rosa, Gilberto Mercado-Mercado, S. Sáyago-Ayerdi, J. Rodrigo-García, J. Rodríguez-Núñez
This work aimed to evaluate Moringa oleifera immature pod flour’s effect on the nutritional content and bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in partially substituted wheat flour breads. Different bread preparations were made and the most accepted formulation by panelists was chosen for this study. The composition of macro-components, the content of polyphenolic compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of the samples were measured. The bioaccessibility of polyphenolic compounds associated with dietary fiber was also analyzed. Finally, an in vitro kinetics on the release of the polyphenolic compounds was conducted. Breads containing 13% of flour from M. oleifera immature pods presented the highest acceptance among the substituted breads; meantime, its dietary fiber content was three times higher than white breads. Also, the content of polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity was higher in the substituted bread, compared to the white ones. Soluble fiber correlated with the increase of polyphenolic compound concentrations in both substituted and white breads. The most significant in vitro release of phenolic compounds was shown in those prepared with M. oleifera. Taken together, the results demonstrated that breads partially substituted with M. oleifera pod flour exhibited the highest nutrient and phytochemical content along with a better bioaccessibility. Keywords: Dietary fiber; Functional food; Non-conventional food; Wheat-based bread; Polyphenolic compounds
{"title":"Incorporation of Moringa oleifera pods onto breads improves nutrient contents, phytochemicals bioaccessibility and reduces the predicted glycemic index","authors":"J. A. Núñez-Gastélum, Fabián Eduardo Maciel-Ortiz, N. Martínez-Ruiz, E. Álvarez-Parrilla, L. A. de la Rosa, Gilberto Mercado-Mercado, S. Sáyago-Ayerdi, J. Rodrigo-García, J. Rodríguez-Núñez","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i6.3121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.v35.i6.3121","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed to evaluate Moringa oleifera immature pod flour’s effect on the nutritional content and bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in partially substituted wheat flour breads. Different bread preparations were made and the most accepted formulation by panelists was chosen for this study. The composition of macro-components, the content of polyphenolic compounds, and the antioxidant capacity of the samples were measured. The bioaccessibility of polyphenolic compounds associated with dietary fiber was also analyzed. Finally, an in vitro kinetics on the release of the polyphenolic compounds was conducted. Breads containing 13% of flour from M. oleifera immature pods presented the highest acceptance among the substituted breads; meantime, its dietary fiber content was three times higher than white breads. Also, the content of polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant capacity was higher in the substituted bread, compared to the white ones. Soluble fiber correlated with the increase of polyphenolic compound concentrations in both substituted and white breads. The most significant in vitro release of phenolic compounds was shown in those prepared with M. oleifera. Taken together, the results demonstrated that breads partially substituted with M. oleifera pod flour exhibited the highest nutrient and phytochemical content along with a better bioaccessibility. Keywords: Dietary fiber; Functional food; Non-conventional food; Wheat-based bread; Polyphenolic compounds","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Propolis is a resin with high antibacterial and antioxidant properties that honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) gather and then harmonize through their metabolic secretions. Propolis is beneficial to dental health because it contains antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus mutans, which causes tooth decay. The aim of this study is to use microencapculated propolis extract (MPE) in chewing gum formulation for the first time, in order to protect propolis from environmental effects during production and to ensure controlled release in mouth. Spray drying method was applied where maltodextrin acted as coating material. The particle structure of MPE was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency was determined as 62.19%. The hygroscopicity and moisture content of the MPE particles was found as 31.50% and 7.98% respectively. The DPPH scavenging ability, total flavonoid and total phenolic content of the MPE appeared lower than propolis extract. The total flavonoid content of MPE was calculated as 29.06 mg/kg and total phenolic content as 89.17 mg/kg. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans of 9% MPE containing gum samples was measured highest with 4.20 mm zone diameter. Hunter b* value increased with increasing MPE concentration. The final MPE incorporated chewing gum appear to be highly functional. Keywords: Propolis; Spray drying; Chewing gum; Functional food
{"title":"Microencapsulated propolis in chewing gum production","authors":"Emre Bostancı, E. Gölge","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3127","url":null,"abstract":"Propolis is a resin with high antibacterial and antioxidant properties that honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) gather and then harmonize through their metabolic secretions. Propolis is beneficial to dental health because it contains antibacterial activity against the Streptococcus mutans, which causes tooth decay. The aim of this study is to use microencapculated propolis extract (MPE) in chewing gum formulation for the first time, in order to protect propolis from environmental effects during production and to ensure controlled release in mouth. Spray drying method was applied where maltodextrin acted as coating material. The particle structure of MPE was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The encapsulation efficiency was determined as 62.19%. The hygroscopicity and moisture content of the MPE particles was found as 31.50% and 7.98% respectively. The DPPH scavenging ability, total flavonoid and total phenolic content of the MPE appeared lower than propolis extract. The total flavonoid content of MPE was calculated as 29.06 mg/kg and total phenolic content as 89.17 mg/kg. In vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans of 9% MPE containing gum samples was measured highest with 4.20 mm zone diameter. Hunter b* value increased with increasing MPE concentration. The final MPE incorporated chewing gum appear to be highly functional. Keywords: Propolis; Spray drying; Chewing gum; Functional food","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Bošković-Rakočević, N. Pavlović, J. Mladenović, Miloš Marjanović, J. Zdravković, Ivana Tošić
The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the application of different types of nitrogen fertilizer in five different varieties of lettuce on yield. The experiment was performed in the open field, in the spring cycle of growing during 2018 and 2019. The size of the base plot was 3 m2, and the trial was set up in a random block system. The trial covered the application of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea. The applied nitrogen dose is 100 kg/ha (May 10th 2018 and May 8th 2019). Samples for the analysis of vitamin C and nitrate content, as well as yield determination, were carried out at the stage of the technological maturity of lettuce (60-62 days after seedling). The average weight of lettuce, depending on the variety, varied in the range of 211.3 g to 258.7 g. The use of ammonium nitrate resulted in the highest average weight of lettuce head (246.7 g), followed by the use of urea (238.9 g) and the lowest by the use of ammonium sulphate (221.0 g). The nutritional value of lettuce (vitamin C content) shows that depending on the applied form of nitrogen in the fertilizer, the highest content of vitamin C was determined by urea (10.86 mg/100 g), then ammonium sulphate (9.61 mg/100 g), and the lowest by ammonium nitrate (7.38mg/100g). The lower content of vitamin C was found in varieties of lettuce with red leaves compared to varieties with green leaves. The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce leaves directly depends on the variety and the applied fertilizer. The highest nitrate content was with ammonium nitrate (2355.6 mg/kg). The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce varieties with red leaves was higher compared to varieties with green leaves. Keywords: Lettuce, Nitrate, Vitamin C, Yield, Open field
本研究旨在确定五个不同品种的莴苣施用不同类型氮肥对产量的影响。试验在露地进行，时间为 2018 年和 2019 年春季生长周期。小区面积为 3 平方米，试验采用随机小区制。试验涉及各种氮肥的施用：硫酸铵、硝酸铵和尿素。施氮剂量为 100 公斤/公顷（2018 年 5 月 10 日和 2019 年 5 月 8 日）。在莴苣技术成熟期（出苗后 60-62 天）取样进行维生素 C 和硝酸盐含量分析以及产量测定。根据品种的不同，莴苣的平均重量在 211.3 克到 258.7 克之间。使用硝酸铵的生菜平均重量最高（246.7 克），其次是使用尿素（238.9 克），使用硫酸铵的生菜平均重量最低（221.0 克）。莴苣的营养价值（维生素 C 含量）显示，根据肥料中氮的施用形式，维生素 C 含量最高的是尿素（10.86 毫克/100 克），其次是硫酸铵（9.61 毫克/100 克），最低的是硝酸铵（7.38 毫克/100 克）。与绿叶品种相比，红叶品种莴苣的维生素 C 含量较低。莴苣叶片中硝酸盐的积累直接取决于品种和施用的肥料。硝酸铵的硝酸盐含量最高（2355.6 毫克/千克）。与绿叶品种相比，红叶莴苣的硝酸盐积累量更高。关键词生菜 硝酸盐 维生素 C 产量 露天种植
{"title":"Yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) depending on variety and type of nitrogen fertilizer","authors":"L. Bošković-Rakočević, N. Pavlović, J. Mladenović, Miloš Marjanović, J. Zdravković, Ivana Tošić","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3128","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the application of different types of nitrogen fertilizer in five different varieties of lettuce on yield. The experiment was performed in the open field, in the spring cycle of growing during 2018 and 2019. The size of the base plot was 3 m2, and the trial was set up in a random block system. The trial covered the application of various forms of nitrogen fertilizers: ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate and urea. The applied nitrogen dose is 100 kg/ha (May 10th 2018 and May 8th 2019). Samples for the analysis of vitamin C and nitrate content, as well as yield determination, were carried out at the stage of the technological maturity of lettuce (60-62 days after seedling). The average weight of lettuce, depending on the variety, varied in the range of 211.3 g to 258.7 g. The use of ammonium nitrate resulted in the highest average weight of lettuce head (246.7 g), followed by the use of urea (238.9 g) and the lowest by the use of ammonium sulphate (221.0 g). The nutritional value of lettuce (vitamin C content) shows that depending on the applied form of nitrogen in the fertilizer, the highest content of vitamin C was determined by urea (10.86 mg/100 g), then ammonium sulphate (9.61 mg/100 g), and the lowest by ammonium nitrate (7.38mg/100g). The lower content of vitamin C was found in varieties of lettuce with red leaves compared to varieties with green leaves. The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce leaves directly depends on the variety and the applied fertilizer. The highest nitrate content was with ammonium nitrate (2355.6 mg/kg). The accumulation of nitrate in lettuce varieties with red leaves was higher compared to varieties with green leaves. Keywords: Lettuce, Nitrate, Vitamin C, Yield, Open field","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139371752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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