Energy Science & Engineering最新文献

System dynamics uncertainties and cyberattacks pose significant challenges to load frequency control in power systems. This paper presents a data-driven load frequency control strategy for interconnected multi-area power systems subject to denial-of-service attacks that disrupt both feedforward and feedback communication channels. A dynamic linearization method is employed to construct an equivalent data model of the power system. To enhance control performance, the proposed controller integrates proportional, differential, and quadratic difference terms. Additionally, a dynamic dual event-triggered mechanism is designed to improve resource efficiency and reduce computational overhead. The proposed approach also compensates for DoS attacks affecting both feedback and feedforward channels. Simulation results demonstrate that the method operates without requiring prior system model information, relying solely on control input and output data. Extensive simulations validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control strategy.

The selective hydrogenation of oxygenated compounds is crucial for the conversion of biocrude into platform chemicals. However, the presence of stable oxygenated species, cyclohexanone, in biocrude limits possess a challenge for easy conversion process. This study aims to investigate both Noncatalytic and catalytic hydrogenation of cyclohexanone as a model compound to understand its transformation pathways. Monometallic and trimetallic catalysts supported of biochar were developed using impregnation method and characterized via SEM-EDS, FTIR, BET, NH₃-TPD, XPS and TEM to correlate structural features with catalytic performance. In supercritical ethanol condition at 350°C, Zn-supported biochar promoted aromatization (4.65 area%), Ce-supported biochar achieved the highest ketone conversion (83.20 area%), and Ni-supported biochar exhibited the highest hydrocarbon selectivity (18.27 area%). The performance of Ni and Ce during the hydrogenation of cyclohexanone model compound resulted in the development of NiCeMo-biochar catalyst for the application towards the upgrading of real-life biocrude. The NiCeMo catalyst depicts the presence of Ni²⁺, Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ and Mo⁴⁺/Mo⁶⁺ which promotes the hydrogen generation and activation and the formation of oxygen vacancy. The catalyst showed optimal performance at 350°C and 2 h, achieving 95.95% ketone conversion with accompanying heavier alcohols in the absence of an external hydrogen supply, demonstrating its potential as hydrogenation catalyst.

The urgent need to combat climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions underscores the importance of transitioning to renewable energy as a sustainable alternative to fossil-fuel-based electricity. This study evaluates a novel financing mechanism for renewable electricity in Iran that leverages profits from the petrochemical industry and carbon tax revenues to support a feed-in tariff (FIT) model. By reallocating natural gas from inefficient fossil-fuel power generation to high-value petrochemical production, the approach enhances economic value, reduces CO₂ emissions, and promotes renewable energy deployment. Iran plans to expand its petrochemical production from 91.5 million tons in 2022 to 183 million tons by 2033, which will drive a 166% increase in demand for fuel and feedstock. Given these resource constraints, integrating renewable electricity into the grid is critical for sustaining industrial growth. System dynamics modeling indicates that carbon tax revenues could reach between $3.8 billion and $37.7 billion by 2033. Meanwhile, the profitability of the petrochemical sector shows wide variability depending on product prices, with a 326% spread between optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. The resulting FIT ranges from 6.24 to 20.29 cents per kilowatt-hour, with higher carbon taxes being particularly beneficial under low-price scenarios. This study presents a sustainable, market-aligned strategy for renewable energy financing that can enhance economic resilience and environmental performance in fossil-rich nations.

This study employs a hybrid technique based on the Decision-Making Trial Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Multiple Criteria Decision methods to investigate the causation and mutual influence strength among the barriers to the growth of electric vehicles in India. DEMATEL is used to discern between cause-and-effect barriers, while ANP ranks and prioritizes the various obstacles. This study gives critical insights into the linkages between these hurdles that will aid in the development of measures to promote the rise of electric cars. According to the findings, the barriers to electric car adoption include a lack of charging infrastructure, issues of fire safety, supply chain hurdles, range anxiety, and high cost of ownership. Generally, this study leads to a better understanding of the multidimensional nature of electric cars’ barriers and their interdependencies.

This study numerically investigates passive solar chimney design with emphasis on the coupled influence of geometric and thermal parameters on air inlet flow. While prior studies have examined individual factors such as window height or chimney height, their combined effects have not been sufficiently explored. A validated CFD model was employed to analyze the roles of absorber wall temperature, window area, air inlet height, and cavity width in driving the chimney effect. Results indicate that increasing the absorber wall temperature enhances the air inlet flow by up to a 1.9-fold increase, whereas enlarging the window area produces the strongest effect, with air inlet flow up to 9.2 times higher. In contrast, greater air inlet height and wider cavity width reduce air inlet flow by 2.2% to 6.1% and 29.5% to 35.2%, respectively. The optimal configuration, consisting of a 60°C absorber wall as the primary thermal parameter, 0.9 m² window area, 0.1 m air inlet height, and 0.1 m cavity width, achieves a maximum air inlet flow of 0.2785 kg/m·s. The novelty of this study lies in being the first to systematically simulate different window areas in combination with air inlet height, cavity width, and absorber wall temperature, thereby revealing the interactive effects among these parameters on air inlet flow performance. These findings provide actionable design strategies to enhance passive ventilation, reduce reliance on mechanical ventilation, and further improve building energy efficiency.

Guo W, Wang G, Li Y, Chen D. Research on coal wall failure and stability control technology of large coal seams with a soft and thick seam. Energy Sci Eng. 2024; 12: 3599-3613. https://doi.org/10.1002/ese3.1848

In the originally published version, the grant number listed in the Acknowledgments section was incorrect. It appeared as (Approval number: 52004206) but should have been (Approval number: 52004205).

We apologize for this error.

This study explores the variation law, influencing factors, and mechanisms of resistivity in the interaction between CO₂ and saltwater. This study used a hollow PEEK conductor to simulate core pores. With excellent thermal stability, mechanical strength, and electrical insulation, its homogeneous, nonporous nature eliminates interference from rock properties, providing an ideal medium for studying pure fluid changes. The resistivity at different temperatures and pressures, and that of different fluids during the displacement process was experimentally measured. The results show that mineralization is the main factor affecting the resistivity, and the resistivity of formation water is reduced by 98.83–99.41% compared with that of deionized water under the same conditions. With the increase of temperature, the ion hydration effect weakens and increases the ion mobility rate, and the resistivity of various fluids decreases by 55.13–66.87%. The effect of pressure on resistivity is relatively weak, and the resistivity is reduced by approximately 2.29–11.08% by reducing the distance between ions and increasing the collision frequency between ions. However, in CO₂-containing systems, increased pressure promotes CO₂ dissolution and ionization of more ions, which results in a larger decrease of 17.72–9.31%. It is particularly noteworthy that CO₂ dissolved in pure water reduces the resistivity by 91.50–94.50%, but when dissolved in formation water, the resistivity increases by 276.63–430.94%. Based on the ideal pore characteristics of the PEEK model, we fix the parameters (a, b, m, n) in the Archie formula to 1, and derive a simplified saturation model: Sw = Rw/(φRt). This achieves the quantitative representation of resistivity monitoring data into saturation distribution, improves the accuracy of calculating CO₂ saturation using resistivity data, and has important guiding significance for interpreting field monitoring data and evaluating CO₂ sequestration. Future research aims to translate these findings into practice using real rock cores.

The impact of partial shading conditions on photovoltaic modules is investigated here, and a novel Master-Slave configuration is proposed to mitigate the associated performance losses. The modified method achieves the global maximum at an enhanced PV voltage and current, employing a Master-Slave setup that supplements the under-generated power of the slaves, resulting in a maximum increase of 51.9% in power output when tested at a 20% fixed partially shaded condition. Unlike conventional bypass diode (BPD) or reconfiguration methods, the proposed system ensures better voltage stability and reduces reverse bias conditions and thermal stress. Simulation results, mathematical modeling, and experimental validation are provided in this paper.

The phenomena of multiple optima in wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) problems is investigated. The choice of optimization algorithm and cost of solving WFLO problems is driven by the degree of local optimality in the design space; however little work has attempted to characterize this. Here, an engineering wake model is utilized with a multi-start gradient-based optimization approach to determine multimodality for circular wind farm design problems. It is found that the number of local minima increases with more turbines and farm size. However, all local minima found are characterized by either 1) all turbines spread around the perimeter, 2) one turbine in the middle with the remainder spread on the perimeter, or 3) some turbines in the middle with the rest on the perimeter. The first type of optima has superior power production. For the difference layouts there is approximately a 2%–3% difference between the best and worst optima in most cases. Design space maps show that wake interaction creates regions of good and poor performance in the design space that generate the local minima observed.

This study investigates the public acceptance of hydrogen technologies in the United Kingdom's domestic energy sector, with a focus on green and low-carbon hydrogen as a pathway to decarbonisation. The purpose is to evaluate the social, economic and perceptual factors shaping willingness to adopt hydrogen-based appliances such as boilers, hobs and complete home systems. A mixed-methods framework was employed, combining quantitative analysis including descriptive statistics, correlation matrices and regression modelling with qualitative approaches such as sentiment and thematic analysis of survey responses (n = 1213). Sentiment analysis revealed three dominant orientations: optimistic (28%), cautious (17.7%) and hopeful (16.8%). Thematic coding highlighted five central drivers and barriers: affordability, environmental impact, technological reliability, trust and broader public opinion. Regression analysis confirmed that knowledge of hydrogen strongly predicts acceptance (β = 0.28, p < 0.001 for boilers; β = 0.26, p < 0.001 for hobs), while demographic factors such as age (β = −0.099, p < 0.05) and income (β = 0.045, p < 0.05) exert smaller yet significant influences. Standard error clustering and robustness checks were applied to validate these results. The findings demonstrate that acceptance is more closely tied to attitudinal and informational factors than to demographics alone. Based on these insights, the study proposes evidence-based strategies for policymakers, including targeted public education, financial incentives and transparency-driven pilot projects. By integrating both methodological rigour and policy relevance, the paper contributes to the literature on sustainable energy transitions and outlines practical pathways for accelerating hydrogen adoption in domestic contexts.