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Research on the technical improvement of the turbine runner of a power station based on improving stability 基于提高稳定性的电站涡轮转轮技术改进研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1898
Shenhui Li, Bing Yao, Jiayang Pang, Demin Liu, Dan Chengmei, Dengyun Jiang, Haiqi Wang, Yuanyuan Gang, Huan Cheng, Xiaobing Liu

In view of problems such as the narrow efficiency area, large hydraulic vibration area, pressure pulsation, and serious sediment wear of turbines at the Futang hydropower station, the technical transformation of turbine runners was carried out by modifying the blade shape and increasing the blade thickness, and a combination of numerical simulations based on shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model and tests was adopted to improve the operational stability of power station units. Calculation and testing demonstrate an enlargement of the high-efficiency zone. Specifically, the optimal efficiency of the runner increases by 0.37%, while the rated efficiency rises by 0.19%. Significant reductions are observed in pressure pulsation within the draft tube and vaneless area decrease of approximately 50%. There is a high-frequency pressure pulsation in the vaneless zone and the runner under low-load conditions, and the influence of dynamic and static interference gradually weakens with the increase of opening. The draft tube is prone to eccentric vortex bands under partial working conditions, which causes the unit to be affected by low-frequency pulsation. This optimization also leads to a notable decrease in runner blade wear, with the maximum sand and water velocity reduced from 45 to 40 m/s, resulting in a 30% reduction in sand wear. Moreover, there is a substantial enhancement in the runner's stiffness, with the thickness of the blade near the high stress area of the upper crown and lower ring increasing by over 50%, and the weight of each individual blade increasing by more than 50%. These research findings validate that modifying the runner blade effectively improves flow patterns, reduces eddy current generation, minimizes pressure pulsation, widens the high-efficiency zone, decreases wear, and enhances the operational stability of the unit. The technical transformation method and research results of this study have important guiding significance for similar technical transformation of other power stations

针对富塘水电站水轮机高效区狭窄、水力振动区大、压力脉动、泥沙磨损严重等问题,通过修改叶片形状、增加叶片厚度等方法对水轮机转轮进行了技术改造,并采用基于剪应力输运 k-ω 湍流模型的数值模拟与试验相结合的方法,提高了电站机组的运行稳定性。计算和试验证明了高效区的扩大。具体而言,转轮的最佳效率提高了 0.37%,而额定效率提高了 0.19%。引流管内的压力脉动显著降低,无气泡面积减少了约 50%。低负荷条件下,无叶片区和流道内存在高频压力脉动,随着开度的增加,动静干扰的影响逐渐减弱。牵伸管在部分工况下容易产生偏心涡带,导致机组受到低频脉动的影响。这一优化还显著降低了转轮叶片的磨损,最大砂水流速从 45 米/秒降至 40 米/秒,使砂子磨损降低了 30%。此外,转轮的刚度也得到了大幅提高,靠近上冠和下环高应力区的叶片厚度增加了 50%以上,每个叶片的重量增加了 50%以上。这些研究结果验证了对转轮叶片的改造能有效改善流态、减少涡流产生、减少压力脉动、扩大高效区、减少磨损、提高机组运行稳定性。本研究的技术改造方法和研究成果对其他电站的类似技术改造具有重要的指导意义
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引用次数: 0
A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan 瓦迪塔玛德油页岩特征研究:在约旦开发新能源
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1882
Nada M. Al-Ananzeh, Khalid Bani-Melhem, Hussam Elddin Khasawneh, Asem Al-Jarrah, Ibrahim F. Abuawwad

Jordan's energy sector faces significant challenges due to rising fuel prices, making the exploration of local energy resources crucial. The abundant oil shale deposits in Wadi Thamad present a promising opportunity. Since Wadi Thamad oil shale has never been studied before, this research focuses on the Wadi Thamad basin near Madaba, Jordan, aiming to comprehensively characterize its oil shale using advanced analytical techniques. Using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, this study assesses the mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties of Wadi Thamad oil shale. The findings reveal calcite and quartz as the primary minerals, with significant aliphatic, CO2, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Elemental analysis highlights essential oxides, such as CaO and SiO2. Fischer assay results indicate an oil content of 5.3–10.1 wt%, a gross-calorific value of 4.56–7.69 MJ/kg, and a sulfur content of 1.77–2.10 wt%. The peak pyrolysis temperature is 432.4°C from TGA. This research's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to characterizing the underexplored Wadi Thamad oil shale basin. The findings enhance the understanding of Wadi Thamad's geological composition and underscore its potential as a local energy resource, contributing valuable data to Jordan's energy portfolio and offering economic benefits.

由于燃料价格不断上涨,约旦的能源行业面临着巨大挑战,因此勘探当地能源资源至关重要。瓦迪塔玛德丰富的油页岩矿藏提供了一个大有可为的机会。由于此前从未对瓦迪-塔马德油页岩进行过研究,本研究将重点放在约旦马德巴附近的瓦迪-塔马德盆地,旨在利用先进的分析技术全面描述其油页岩的特征。本研究使用 X 射线衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X 射线荧光、扫描电子显微镜、热重分析 (TGA) 和差示扫描量热法评估了瓦迪塔玛德油页岩的矿物学、化学和热特性。研究结果表明,方解石和石英是主要矿物,其中含有大量脂肪族、二氧化碳、羟基和羧基。元素分析突出了重要的氧化物,如 CaO 和 SiO2。费休测定结果表明,油含量为 5.3-10.1 wt%,总热值为 4.56-7.69 MJ/kg,硫含量为 1.77-2.10 wt%。根据 TGA,热解峰值温度为 432.4°C。这项研究的新颖之处在于它采用了全面的方法来描述未充分勘探的瓦迪塔玛德油页岩盆地。研究结果加深了人们对瓦迪-塔马德油页岩地质成分的了解,强调了其作为当地能源资源的潜力,为约旦的能源组合提供了宝贵的数据,并带来了经济效益。
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引用次数: 0
An energy consumption rectification method based on Bayesian linear regression and heating degree-days 基于贝叶斯线性回归和供热度日的能耗修正方法
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1920
Shouchen Sun, Jiandong Wang, Qingdian Sun, Changsheng Zhao

The time-varying external environment is one of the main variables influencing heating energy consumptions, so that its influence should be rectified when energy savings of different heating modes are calculated. This paper proposes an energy consumption rectification method based on Bayesian linear regression and heating degree-days, to obtain heating energy consumptions without the influence of different outdoor temperatures. The proposed method consists of three main steps. First, a physical model of heating houses is used to prove a relationship between energy consumptions and heating degree-days. Second, Bayesian linear regression is exploited to estimate uncertainty ranges of heating energy consumptions. Finally, heating energy consumptions are rectified, and energy savings with their uncertainty ranges for different heating modes under the same outdoor temperature are obtained. The proposed method does not require the physical parameters of heating houses to facilitate practical implementation. Additionally, it provides uncertainty ranges of heating energy consumptions to measure the estimation accuracy. Numerical and experimental examples show that the proposed method provides more accurate estimates of heating energy consumptions than existing methods.

外部环境的时变性是影响采暖能耗的主要变量之一,因此在计算不同采暖模式的节能效果时,应修正其影响。本文提出了一种基于贝叶斯线性回归和采暖度日的能耗修正方法,以获得不受室外不同温度影响的采暖能耗。建议的方法包括三个主要步骤。首先,使用供暖房屋的物理模型来证明能源消耗与供暖度日之间的关系。其次,利用贝叶斯线性回归估算供暖能耗的不确定性范围。最后,对采暖能耗进行修正,得出在相同室外温度下不同采暖模式的节能效果及其不确定性范围。所提出的方法不需要供暖房屋的物理参数,便于实际应用。此外,它还提供了供热能耗的不确定范围,以衡量估算的准确性。数值和实验实例表明,与现有方法相比,建议的方法能提供更准确的供热能耗估算。
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引用次数: 0
Developing a resilient framework for electric vehicle charging stations harnessing solar energy, standby batteries and grid integration with advanced control mechanisms 利用太阳能、备用电池和电网集成先进的控制机制,为电动汽车充电站开发弹性框架
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1888
Debabrata Mazumdar, Pabitra K. Biswas, Chiranjit Sain, Furkan Ahmad, Luluwah Al-Fagih

A direct consequence of the rapid expansion of civilization and modernization trends is the escalation in global warming and the consequential climatic upheavals. The world has actively advocated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) as a response to the environmental challenges posed by vehicular emissions. It is evident that conventional fuel-based charging infrastructures are economically impractical and lack organizational cohesion in light of the proliferation of EVs. An EV charging station powered by renewable energy presents a promising opportunity for enhancing flexibility and control. It is imperative that EV charging stations be equipped with solar power and standby batteries (SBBs). Consequently, this article presents and evaluates a system that utilizes a proportional-integral-derivative controller, a neural network-equipped grid and a charging station utilizing a Dragon Fly Optimization Algorithm to generate power and a maximum power point tracking controller. To achieve optimal power management within the charging station, MATLAB/Simulink is used to implement and rigorously test the proposed system. It orchestrates the interaction between the solar panel, backup battery, grid and EVs. Compared to existing systems in the literature, the comprehensive system exhibits commendable efficiency. Due to the pivotal role played by grid integration and the SBB, the system can ensure a reliable power supply to the charging station under any weather conditions.

文明的快速发展和现代化趋势的直接后果是全球变暖的加剧和随之而来的气候动荡。为应对汽车尾气排放带来的环境挑战,全世界都在积极倡导采用电动汽车(EV)。显然,传统的燃料充电基础设施在经济上不切实际,而且在电动汽车激增的情况下缺乏组织凝聚力。以可再生能源为动力的电动汽车充电站为提高灵活性和控制性提供了一个大有可为的机会。电动汽车充电站必须配备太阳能和备用电池(SBB)。因此,本文介绍并评估了一个系统,该系统利用比例-积分-派生控制器、配备神经网络的电网和充电站,利用龙飞优化算法发电和最大功率点跟踪控制器。为了在充电站内实现最佳电源管理,MATLAB/Simulink 被用来实现和严格测试所提出的系统。该系统协调太阳能电池板、备用电池、电网和电动汽车之间的互动。与文献中的现有系统相比,该综合系统的效率值得称赞。由于电网集成和 SBB 发挥了关键作用,该系统可确保在任何天气条件下为充电站提供可靠的电力供应。
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引用次数: 0
Visual analysis of coal mine safety using CiteSpace V 利用 CiteSpace V 对煤矿安全进行可视化分析
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1889
Xuesen Zhang, Li Yang

To intuitively and systematically grasp the development status and trend of safety evaluation research in China's coal mining operations, we consulted relevant literature in the fields of “coal mine” and “safety evaluation” collected by China Knowledge Network, and deployed CiteSpace V software to summarize and analyze research pertaining to safety evaluation in China's coal mines from three aspects: research institutions, authors, and hot keywords. With respect to research institutions, the results show that although many researchers have conducted in-depth evaluations of coal mine safety, most of these studies were independent, and two-way information exchange and cooperation between research institutions remains scarce. With respect to authors, most cooperation between authors has been limited to team members, and relatively stable research teams have been formed. However, most of these research teams are independent. With respect to hot keywords, the trends of coal mine safety evaluation studies exhibit continuous change, with an overall increase in richness. According to the frequency burst times of important keywords, “entropy weight method” and “mining with pressure” are expected to remain important keywords in future evaluations of coal mine safety in China.

为直观、系统地掌握我国煤矿安全评价研究的发展现状和趋势,我们查阅了中国知网收录的 "煤矿 "和 "安全评价 "领域的相关文献,并利用CiteSpace V软件从研究机构、作者和热点关键词三个方面对我国煤矿安全评价研究进行了归纳和分析。在研究机构方面,研究结果表明,虽然许多研究人员对煤矿安全进行了深入评价,但这些研究大多是独立进行的,研究机构之间的双向信息交流与合作仍然较少。在作者方面,大多数作者之间的合作仅限于团队成员,形成了相对稳定的研究团队。不过,这些研究团队大多是独立的。在热点关键词方面,煤矿安全评价研究呈现持续变化的趋势,整体丰富度有所增加。从重要关键词的频发次数来看,"熵权法 "和 "带压开采 "仍将是未来中国煤矿安全评价的重要关键词。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying and mitigating energy losses in Tesla turbines: A study on CFD optimization 识别和减少特斯拉涡轮机的能量损失:CFD 优化研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1863
Yovany Galindo, José Núñez, Alberto Beltrán
<p>This study investigates the flow dynamics and energy losses of Tesla turbines using Computational Fluid Dynamics with OpenFOAM. Our goal is to identify the main sources of energy loss. Four main sources of energy loss were identified. The most significant loss occurred during the conversion of pressure energy to kinetic energy, estimated to range from <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>88</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation> <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0001.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>88</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math></annotation> </semantics></math> to <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>64</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation> <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0002.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>64</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math></annotation> </semantics></math> of the total energy. Energy losses due to leaks between the rotor and the casing were also quantified, ranging from <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>4.97</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation> <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0003.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>4.97</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math></annotation> </semantics></math> to <span></span><math> <semantics> <mrow> <mrow> <mn>7.95</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <annotation> <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0004" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0004.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>7.95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow><
本研究利用 OpenFOAM 计算流体力学研究了特斯拉涡轮机的流动动力学和能量损失。我们的目标是确定能量损失的主要来源。研究确定了能量损失的四个主要来源。最主要的损失发生在压力能转换为动能的过程中,估计损失范围为 88 % <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0001" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0001.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>88</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math> to 64 % <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0002" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0002.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>64</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math> 占总能量的比例。转子和机壳之间的泄漏造成的能量损失也被量化,范围从 4.97 % <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0003" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0003.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>4.97</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math> to 7.95 % <math altimg="urn:x-wiley:20500505:media:ese31863:ese31863-math-0004" wiley:location="equation/ese31863-math-0004.png" display="inline" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mrow><mn>7.95</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></mrow></math> 峰值效率点的动能。修改设计,例如在涡轮机入口处安装喷嘴,可以提高效率。这些发现突出了提高效率的具体领域,为改进涡轮机设计和将其集成到能源发电系统中提供了机会。
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引用次数: 0
Total electricity generation dynamics analysis and renewable energy impacts in South Africa 南非总发电量动态分析和可再生能源的影响
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1906
Ntumba Marc-Alain Mutombo, Bubele Papy Numbi, Tahar Tafticht

This research explores the dynamics of total electricity generation (TEG) in South Africa through an analysis of data from the International Energy Agency database from 1990 to 2020. A comprehensive examination of various energy sources, including coal, oil, biofuels, nuclear, hydro, solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, and wind, is conducted to ascertain their respective contributions to TEG. Employing the R software environment, the study employs a methodical analytical framework encompassing meticulous data preparation, statistical analysis, and model formulation. The data preparation phase involves intricate processes such as structuring, cleansing, and visualization aimed at eliminating stochastic variables and outliers. Missing data are addressed through the application of the Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial method. Subsequent statistical analyses are informed by tests for normality and homogeneity of variance, revealing deviations from normality and disparate variances across energy source groups. Consequently, non-parametric methodologies such as the Kruskal–Wallis test are adopted. Findings underscore the significant role of nuclear energy in TEG despite facing challenges. Model development entails the construction of multiple linear regression models with varying predictor sizes, with Model m06 emerging as the optimal choice, incorporating key predictors such as coal, nuclear, and solar PV. Rigorous diagnostic assessments confirm the robustness of Model m06 and its suitability for TEG prediction. Comparative analysis against actual data validates its superior performance, characterized by minimal errors and high predictive accuracy. The efficacy of Model m06 in capturing TEG dynamics underscores its utility for informing energy planning initiatives. Recommendations derived from the study advocate for prioritizing renewable energy integration, infrastructure investment, research endeavors, monitoring mechanisms, and public awareness campaigns to advance sustainable energy development goals in South Africa.

本研究通过分析国际能源机构数据库中 1990 年至 2020 年的数据,探讨了南非总发电量(TEG)的动态变化。研究全面考察了各种能源,包括煤炭、石油、生物燃料、核能、水能、太阳能光伏发电(PV)、光热发电和风能,以确定它们各自对总发电量的贡献。本研究采用 R 软件环境,采用方法分析框架,包括细致的数据准备、统计分析和模型制定。数据准备阶段包括结构化、清理和可视化等复杂过程,旨在消除随机变量和异常值。缺失数据的处理采用了片断三次赫米特内插多项式方法。随后的统计分析采用了正态性和方差齐性检验,揭示了不同能源组之间的正态性偏差和方差差异。因此,采用了 Kruskal-Wallis 检验等非参数方法。研究结果表明,尽管面临挑战,核能在 TEG 中仍发挥着重要作用。模型开发需要构建具有不同预测因子大小的多元线性回归模型,其中模型 m06 是最佳选择,包含了煤炭、核能和太阳能光伏等关键预测因子。严格的诊断评估证实了 m06 模型的稳健性及其对 TEG 预测的适用性。与实际数据的对比分析验证了其卓越的性能,其特点是误差最小、预测准确性高。m06 模型在捕捉 TEG 动态方面的功效凸显了其在为能源规划计划提供信息方面的实用性。研究提出的建议主张优先考虑可再生能源整合、基础设施投资、研究工作、监测机制和公众宣传活动,以推进南非的可持续能源发展目标。
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引用次数: 0
Comprehensive case study on the technical feasibility of Green hydrogen production from photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems 光伏和电池储能系统绿色制氢技术可行性综合案例研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1905
Gessica N. S. Oliveira, Tatiane Costa, Mohamed A. Mohamed, Adrian Ilinca, Manoel H. N. Marinho

The growing demand for alternative energy sources to alleviate environmental impacts highlights the need to move from fossil fuels to renewable energy. This study demonstrated the technical feasibility of using a solar photovoltaic (PV) system for the production of green hydrogen. This research examined electrical and power data from a PV plant in Irecê, Bahia, using open data sources to provide insights into the production of green hydrogen from renewable sources. The system mainly depends on the use of a renewable source, PV solar energy, integrated with batteries, electrolyzers, and hydrogen tanks. Electrolyzer, battery, and hydrogen tank sizing analysis for optimal hydrogen production was effectively conducted using HOMER Energy software. The predicted system topology prioritizes a local DC network, optimizing efficiency for electrolyzers that have inherently low efficiency. The electrolyzer simulation involves initial Python-based sizing and comprehensive sizing with HOMER Energy software, ensuring accuracy within a 10% discrepancy limit. This highlights the importance of analytical calculations and optimization software for sizing more complex systems.

为减轻环境影响,对替代能源的需求日益增长,这凸显了从化石燃料转向可再生能源的必要性。本研究证明了利用太阳能光伏(PV)系统生产绿色氢气的技术可行性。这项研究利用开放数据源检查了巴伊亚州伊雷塞市一家光伏发电厂的电力和功率数据,以深入了解利用可再生能源生产绿色氢气的情况。该系统主要依赖于光伏太阳能这一可再生能源的使用,并与蓄电池、电解槽和氢气罐相结合。使用 HOMER Energy 软件对电解槽、蓄电池和氢气罐的尺寸进行了有效分析,以优化氢气生产。预测的系统拓扑结构优先考虑本地直流网络,优化了固有效率较低的电解器的效率。电解槽模拟包括基于 Python 的初始选型和使用 HOMER Energy 软件进行的综合选型,确保了精确度不超过 10%。这凸显了分析计算和优化软件对于确定更复杂系统规模的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Preliminary biogas production assessment on insect frass and leachates of the organic wastes fed to larvae: A Johannesburg-based factory case study 对喂养幼虫的昆虫粪便和有机废物沥滤液进行初步沼气生产评估:约翰内斯堡工厂案例研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1770
Charles Rashama, Elijah M. Motsetsi, Riann Christian, Tonderayi S. Matambo

The biomethane potential of insect frass and leachates from waste (larvae feedstock) stockpile was evaluated. Frass was derived from a black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) operation that uses a fruit and vegetable waste diet. The two waste streams were characterized and the results of their compositional, proximate, and ultimate analysis were used in estimating methane yields from these materials. The estimated biomethane potential (BMP) of the frass ranged 149–275 L/kgVS depending on the calculation method used. This result compares well with that of empirical studies for cow manure whose BMP ranges 110–275 L/kgVS. Cow manure is the most popular biogas feedstock globally. Leachates reported an estimated BMP of 150 L/kgCOD. We conclude that it may be technically feasible to produce biogas from BSFL frass and from fruit and vegetable waste leachates. However, standard BMP experiments and semicontinuous pilot studies are still necessary before commercialization of these findings. These extra tests are executed to validate these findings and ascertain the life cycle attribute and long-term process stability and hence determine the economics of using these potential substrates for biogas production as a strategy to implementing circularity in the fruit and vegetable industry.

对昆虫碎屑和来自废物(幼虫原料)堆的沥滤液的生物甲烷潜力进行了评估。虫渣来自于使用果蔬废料的黑兵蝇幼虫(BSFL)养殖场。对这两种废物流进行了特征描述,并利用其成分、近似值和最终分析结果来估算这些材料的甲烷产量。根据所使用的计算方法,残渣的生物甲烷潜能(BMP)估计值为 149-275 升/千克VS。这一结果与牛粪的经验研究结果相差无几,牛粪的生物甲烷潜能值为 110-275 升/千克VS。牛粪是全球最受欢迎的沼气原料。据报告,渗滤液的生物放大系数估计为 150 升/千克 COD。我们得出的结论是,利用 BSFL 碎屑和果蔬垃圾渗滤液生产沼气在技术上是可行的。不过,在将这些研究成果商业化之前,仍有必要进行标准 BMP 实验和半连续中试研究。执行这些额外的试验是为了验证这些发现,确定生命周期属性和长期工艺稳定性,从而确定使用这些潜在基质生产沼气的经济性,以此作为在水果和蔬菜行业实施循环的一种策略。
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引用次数: 0
Research on the risk spillover effect of carbon emission trading market and various industry markets in China and the European Union 中国和欧盟碳排放权交易市场与各行业市场的风险溢出效应研究
IF 3.5 3区 工程技术 Q3 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/ese3.1907
Hua Cui, Yixin Fan, Juchao Li

Widely concerns over the carbon emission problems have been aroused. Prior studies have documented the correlation between the carbon emission market and industries separately. This study compared the tail risks and risk spillover effect of the carbon emission and 11 industries markets in China and the European Union (EU) by using the multivariate multi-quartile conditional autoregressive at-risk model. Moreover, to evaluate the risk spillover of each market under extreme risk conditions in time domain and frequency domain, DY spillover index and BK spillover index were constructed via generalized forecast error variance decomposition and generalized causation spectrum, respectively. Findings are as follows: (1) The tail risks and fluctuation of the trend of Chinese industry markets reflects more higher and larger than those in the EU; (2) The EU suffers from smaller external shocks, while China has the opposite result and can recover relatively faster; (3) In China, energy, industrial, information technology, financial, real estate, consumer goods, carbon emissions, and discretionary consumption industries are risk spillover industries, while healthcare, materials, telecommunication services, and utilities industries are risk receiving industries. In contrast, the risk spillover industries in the EU remain consistent with those of the Chinese markets except for the materials, discretionary consumption, consumer goods, information technology and real estate industries. (4) On the short-term, medium-term and long-term scales, the risk spillover of China's carbon emission trading market and various industries is basically consistent with that of the EU. These findings contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.

碳排放问题已引起广泛关注。之前的研究分别记录了碳排放市场和行业之间的相关性。本研究利用多变量多四分位条件自回归风险模型,比较了中国和欧盟(EU)碳排放市场和 11 个行业市场的尾部风险和风险溢出效应。此外,为了从时域和频域上评价极端风险条件下各市场的风险溢出效应,通过广义预测误差方差分解和广义因果谱分别构建了DY溢出指数和BK溢出指数。研究结果如下(1)与欧盟相比,中国产业市场的尾部风险和趋势波动体现得更高、更大;(2)欧盟遭受的外部冲击较小,而中国恰恰相反,恢复速度相对较快;(3)中国的能源、工业、信息技术、金融、房地产、消费品、碳排放、自由消费等行业属于风险溢出行业,医疗保健、材料、电信服务、公用事业等行业属于风险接收行业。相比之下,除材料、自由消费、消费品、信息技术和房地产行业外,欧盟的风险溢出行业与中国市场保持一致。(4)在短期、中期和长期尺度上,中国碳排放权交易市场和各行业的风险溢出与欧盟基本一致。这些结论有助于减少温室气体排放,实现碳峰值和碳中和的目标。
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Energy Science & Engineering
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