Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献_第6页

Advanced TiO2-ZnO/graphene hybrid nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil pesticide 新型TiO2-ZnO/石墨烯杂化纳米复合材料超灵敏电化学检测氟虫腈农药

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101031

La Ode Agus Salim , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Nohong Nohong

The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with known toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in agricultural products and ecosystems. This study presents the development of a novel TiO₂-ZnO/graphene (GTZ) hybrid nanocomposite electrode for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil. The GTZ nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM results showed that TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the graphene layer. XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of the anatase TiO₂ phase and Wurtzite ZnO phase in GTZ nanocomposites. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, Ti-O and Zn-O bonds, indicating successful modification of graphene. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GTZ electrode, demonstrating a linear response to fipronil concentrations as low as 0.0023 µg/L, with a high reproducibility (RSD 1.77 %). The electrode’s enhanced sensitivity can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between TiO₂-ZnO nanoparticles and graphene, providing a large electroactive surface area and improved electron transfer kinetics. This study confirms the potential of GTZ nanocomposite electrodes as a cost-effective and portable platform for real-time monitoring of fipronil residues in environmental and agricultural samples.

氟虫腈是一种已知具有毒性和内分泌干扰作用的苯吡唑类杀虫剂，由于其在农产品和生态系统中持续存在，因此越来越多地使用氟虫腈，造成重大的环境和健康风险。本研究提出了一种用于氟虫腈超灵敏电化学检测的新型TiO2-ZnO/石墨烯（GTZ）杂化纳米复合电极。采用微波辅助技术合成了GTZ纳米复合材料，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对其进行了表征。SEM结果表明，TiO2和ZnO纳米粒子在石墨烯层中分散良好。XRD衍射图证实了GTZ纳米复合材料中存在锐钛矿型TiO2相和纤锌矿型ZnO相。FTIR分析显示，石墨烯中存在含氧官能团、Ti-O和Zn-O键，表明石墨烯改性成功。采用循环伏安法对电极的检测能力进行了评价，结果表明，当氟虫腈浓度低至0.0023µg/L时，电极具有良好的线性响应，重现性高（RSD为1.77%）。电极的灵敏度增强可归因于TiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒与石墨烯之间的协同作用，提供了更大的电活性表面积和改进的电子传递动力学。这项研究证实了GTZ纳米复合电极作为实时监测环境和农业样品中氟虫腈残留的成本效益和便携式平台的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Fluoride distribution, groundwater quality and health risk assessment for contaminated region near Krishna River (Maharashtra) India 印度克里希纳河（马哈拉施特拉邦）附近受污染地区的氟化物分布、地下水质量和健康风险评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101033

Sandip Sampatrao Sathe , Uday Bhan , Anamika Kushwaha , Mohd Shabbir , Kranti Patil , Vishal Kamboj , Lalit Goswami , Seungdae Oh , Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi , Akhilesh Bind

The present study aims to examine the sustainability of groundwater in a contaminated area of Krishna river, one of the vital natural source for drinking and irrigation purposes in India. The water samples (in total 142) were collected in different seasons from Sangli district of Maharashtra state, India, and their suitability for drinking, domestic usage, irrigation water quality indices, and health risk assessment were studied. The spatial distribution and safe groundwater region were identified using the ordinary Kriging method. The major cations concentration was observed in order as Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > Na⁺, whereas for anions it was observed as HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > F⁻. The groundwater quality indices for magnesium hazard (MH) suggest that 100 samples from the village area, 27 from the city area, and 7 from the industrial area were found not suitable for the irrigation purposes. Similarly, the results of Kelley’s ratio and sodium absorption ratio support MH findings and suggest that these sources are inapt for irrigation purposes. Pearson correlation values for industrial area samples showed a significantly positive correlation value for F⁻ with SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ as 0.48, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively. The health risk assessment shows that in the industrial, city and, village areas, 21 %, 4 %, and 19 % of children are highly susceptible to fluorosis, respectively. This physicochemical and hydrogeochemical study of groundwater suggests that the shallow aquifer depth groundwater of this study area was moderately unsafe for the usage of drinking and irrigation purposes.

本研究旨在研究克里希纳河污染地区地下水的可持续性，克里希纳河是印度饮用和灌溉的重要天然水源之一。选取印度马哈拉施特拉邦Sangli地区不同季节采集的142份水样，对其饮用适宜性、生活适宜性、灌溉水质指标及健康风险评价进行了研究。采用普通克里格法确定了地下水的空间分布和安全区域。主要阳离子的浓度顺序为：Mg2+ >；Ca2 +的在K +比;Na+，而阴离子则为HCO3−>；SO42−祝辞Cl−祝辞F−。地下水镁危害（MH）指标显示，村区100个样本、城区27个样本、工业区7个样本不适宜灌溉。同样，凯利比和钠吸收比的结果支持MH的发现，并表明这些来源不适用于灌溉目的。工业区域样本的Pearson相关值显示，F−与SO42−、Ca2+和K+分别为0.48、0.87和0.89，呈显著正相关。健康风险评估显示，在工业地区、城市地区和乡村地区，分别有21%、4%和19%的儿童极易患氟中毒。地下水的物理化学和水文地球化学研究表明，该研究区浅层地下水的饮用和灌溉用途是中等不安全的。

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引用次数: 0

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Macrococcus caseolyticus strain AgD isolated from crude oil-contaminated water samples and their application in remediation of crude oil contamination in the Niger Delta aquatic environment 原油污染水样中分离的溶干酪巨球菌AgD生物合成纳米银及其在尼日尔三角洲水环境中原油污染修复中的应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101057

A.A. Ikhumetse , O.P. Abioye , A.S. Kovo , U.J.J. Ijah

This study was carried out to synthesize bacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Macrococcus caseolyticus strain AgD for remediation of crude oil contamination in aquatic environment. Characterization was done to ascertain the size, crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition of the bacterial AgNP, which was used for the removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the water samples. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for design and optimization of the TPH response. The results indicated that TPH in some water samples were above permissible limits given by the World Health Organization. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the isolate is related to Macrococcus caseolyticus. The optical properties of AgNPs showed a peak at 425 nm while the XRD patterns revealed crystallinity with average crystallite size of 25.25204 ± 5.89 nm. The RSM showed a good fit for 2FI regression model for the AgNP as elucidated by the coefficient of determination with R² value of 0.9295. Run 1 (contact time 22.5 mins, stirring speed 1625 rpm, dosage 0.275 g, temperature 55 °C) obtained the highest TPH removal of 94.26 %, which was higher than the predicted (93.15 %) using the bacterial strain. The maximum predicted TPH removal was however 94.02 % at optimum factors of contact time (22.5 mins /100 mL), stirring speed (1620 rpm/100 mL), dosage (0.3206 g) and temperature (67.5 °C). The study showed that the bacterial strain was useful in the synthesis of AgNPs to enhance the efficient removal of contaminants in water samples, and that the model developed (2FI) using RSM technique was useful in predicting optimal TPH removal.

本研究利用溶干酪巨球菌AgD合成细菌银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）修复水中原油污染。鉴定确定了细菌AgNP的大小、结晶度、形态和元素组成，该细菌用于去除水样中的总石油烃（TPH）。采用响应面法（RSM）对TPH的响应进行设计和优化。结果表明，部分水样的TPH值超过了世界卫生组织的允许限值。16S rDNA测序结果表明该分离物与溶干酪巨球菌有关。AgNPs的光学性质在425 nm处达到峰值，XRD谱图显示结晶度为25.25204±5.89 nm。RSM对AgNP的2FI回归模型拟合良好，决定系数R2值为0.9295。运行1（接触时间22.5 min，搅拌速度1625 rpm，投加量0.275 g，温度55℃），TPH去除率最高，为94.26%，高于菌株预测的93.15%。在接触时间（22.5 min /100 mL）、搅拌速度（1620 rpm/100 mL）、投加量（0.3206 g）和温度（67.5℃）的最佳条件下，TPH去除率最高可达94.02%。研究表明，该菌株可用于AgNPs的合成，以提高水样中污染物的有效去除，并且使用RSM技术开发的模型（2FI）可用于预测最佳TPH去除。

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引用次数: 0

Engineered MnO2-Multiwalled carbon Nanotube nanoheterostructures for efficient removal of nanoplastics and plastic-derived contaminant Bisphenol S from contaminated water 工程mno2 -多壁碳纳米管纳米异质结构高效去除污染水中的纳米塑料和塑料衍生污染物双酚S

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101038

Abhishek Mandal , Arpan Sarkar , Sangeetha Thykandi , Soumadip Guchhait , Gopala Krishna Darbha

This study explores the potential application of engineered MnO₂-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) nanoheterostructures (NHs) for the simultaneous removal of nanoplastics (NPs) and bisphenol S (BPS) from polluted water, two persistent pollutants from plastic degradation that pose substantial health and ecological risks. The presence of ε-MnO₂ in the nanoheterostructure, confirmed by XRD, HRTEM, and XPS studies, enhances its surface reactivity due to microtwinning defects and mixed oxidation states of Mn. Under optimized conditions, MnO₂-MWCNT NHs achieved complete removal of 10 mg/L NPs and 1 ppm BPS at a dosage of 1.5 g/L within 24 h at 25 °C. The NP removal was facilitated by heteroaggregation with MnO₂-MWCNT NHs, following a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 1.87 mg/L·min, achieving approximately 90 % removal within the first hour. BPS adsorption was an endothermic process, well-described by the Freundlich, Sips, and Dubinin–Astakhov (D-A) isotherm models, indicating an adsorption capacity exceeding 2 mg/g at 25 °C, primarily controlled by liquid film diffusion. The MnO₂-MWCNT NHs were effective in removing BPS and NPs across varying water chemistry (pH and ionic strength) and natural water matrices, including river, estuary, and seawater. A 2 g/L dose of MnO₂-MWCNT NHs was sufficient for simultaneous NPs and BPS removal, while excellent reusability over multiple cycles demonstrated the potential for long-term water treatment applications of the material. Overall, MnO₂-MWCNT NHs offer a sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective solution for water remediation, with promising implications for global pollution control efforts.

本研究探讨了工程mno2 -多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）纳米异质结构（NHs）在同时去除污染水中的纳米塑料（NPs）和双酚S （BPS）的潜在应用，这两种来自塑料降解的持久性污染物构成了重大的健康和生态风险。通过XRD、HRTEM和XPS研究证实，ε-MnO2在纳米异质结构中的存在，由于Mn的微孪晶缺陷和混合氧化态，增强了其表面反应性。在优化的条件下，MnO2-MWCNT NHs在25℃下，以1.5 g/L的剂量在24 h内完全去除10 mg/L的NPs和1 ppm的BPS。MnO2-MWCNT NHs的异聚集促进了NP的去除，遵循伪一级动力学模型，速率常数为1.87 mg/L·min，在第一个小时内达到约90%的去除率。BPS的吸附是一个吸热过程，Freundlich、Sips和Dubinin-Astakhov （D-A）等温线模型很好地描述了这一过程，表明在25°C时吸附量超过2mg /g，主要由液膜扩散控制。MnO2-MWCNT NHs在不同的水化学（pH和离子强度）和天然水基质（包括河流、河口和海水）中都能有效去除BPS和NPs。2g /L剂量的MnO2-MWCNT NHs足以同时去除NPs和BPS，同时在多个循环中具有良好的可重复使用性，表明该材料具有长期水处理应用的潜力。总的来说，MnO2-MWCNT NHs为水修复提供了一种可持续、高效和具有成本效益的解决方案，对全球污染控制工作具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Nanobiochar: A sustainable solution for environmental remediation 纳米生物炭：环境修复的可持续解决方案

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101061

Vikram Jadhav , Bajirao Ahire , Asha Pawar , Arpita Roy , Ashish Kumar , Kuldeep Sharma , Swetha Raj , Rajan Verma

NBC, a nanoform of biochar, shows unique potential due to higher reactivity with an increased surface area and surface-active side modifications. This paper presents a complete overview of the subject and identifies its potential role in the eco-friendly elimination of several kinds of environmental contaminants. It is usually prepared by pyrolyzing biomass at the nanoscale; this process can be modified to improve the material’s catalytic and surface properties. The physicochemical properties of NBC, which govern its interaction with pollutants, are analyzed through characterization techniques. Adsorption, absorption, and catalysis are the several modes of NBC that may remove contaminants because of their larger surface area and different functional group applications of NBC in Environmental Cleanup. NBC has been shown to have numerous applications in environmental cleanup, such as air filtration, soil decontamination, and wastewater treatment. Recent studies suggest that NBC extracts heavy metals, organic contaminants, and other hazardous materials, often surpassing traditional biochar and other nanomaterials. Its production process can be designed to minimize environmental impact. NBC should be integrated with other remediation techniques using a synergistic approach in complex ecological systems. Synthesis of nanobiochar focuses on following principles from green chemistry and sustainability in the development stages for a global solution in problem-solving ecological management.

NBC是一种纳米形式的生物炭，由于其增加的表面积和表面活性侧修饰而具有更高的反应性，因此显示出独特的潜力。本文介绍了该主题的完整概述，并确定了其在生态友好消除几种环境污染物中的潜在作用。它通常是通过在纳米尺度上热解生物质制备的；可以对该工艺进行改进，以改善材料的催化性能和表面性能。通过表征技术分析了NBC的物理化学性质，这决定了它与污染物的相互作用。吸附、吸收和催化是NBC去除污染物的几种方式，因为它们具有较大的表面积和不同的官能团在环境净化中的应用。NBC已被证明在环境净化方面有许多应用，如空气过滤、土壤净化和废水处理。最近的研究表明，NBC提取重金属、有机污染物和其他有害物质，通常超过传统的生物炭和其他纳米材料。它的生产过程可以设计成最小化对环境的影响。在复杂的生态系统中，应采用协同方法将NBC与其他修复技术结合起来。纳米生物炭的合成注重遵循绿色化学和可持续发展的原则，在发展阶段为解决问题的生态管理提供全球解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Novel insights into the presence and risks of phthalate esters in the Citarum River, Indonesia: Seasonal variations 新见解的存在和邻苯二甲酸酯的风险在Citarum河，印度尼西亚：季节性变化

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101082

Diana Rahayuning Wulan , Nurul Fahimah , Mariska Margaret Pitoi , Raden Tina Rosmalina , Muammar Qadafi , Hanny Meirinawati , Wulan Ayu Ningsih

This study investigates the occurrence and risks of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) in the Citarum River across 11 sampling sites during rainy and dry seasons. The average total concentration of PAEs was higher in the rainy season (79.18 ± 50.51 µg/L) than in the dry season (1.67 ± 0.71 µg/L). Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), and bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were detected only during the rainy season with concentration ranges of not detected (ND) - 7.284, 7.135 - 55.674, and ND - 20.713 µg/L, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was present in both seasons, with an increase from ND - 2.758 µg/L (dry season) to 9.681 - 160.245 µg/L (rainy season), contributing to elevated levels of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) (Estradiol Equivalent Concentration (EEQ) > 0.002 µg/L). Ecological risks were low during the dry season but rose to high levels in the rainy season (risk quotient (RQ) > 1), driven by DBP and DEP exposure. Health risk assessments showed non-carcinogenic risks (target hazard quotient (THQ) < 1) for consuming Tilapia sp. and Common carp at most sites, except one upstream location during the rainy season, where toddlers were at risk. DBP was the main contributor to these risks, accounting for 80.85% in Tilapia sp. and 89.05% in Common carp. DEHP-associated cancer risks were absent in the dry season but appeared at one location during the rainy season. The findings highlight the urgent need to address PAEs pollution in the Citarum River through source control, monitoring in water compartments, and establishing regulatory limits for PAEs in wastewater and surface waters.

本研究调查了Citarum河在雨季和旱季11个采样点中邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的发生和风险。雨季PAEs平均总浓度（79.18±50.51µg/L）高于旱季（1.67±0.71µg/L）。邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）和邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEHP）仅在雨季检测到，浓度范围分别为未检出(ND) - 7.284、7.135 - 55.674和ND - 20.713µg/L。两个季节都存在邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP），从ND - 2.758µg/L（旱季）增加到9.681 - 160.245µg/L（雨季），导致内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）水平升高(雌二醇当量浓度（EEQ） >；0.002µg / L)。旱季生态风险较低，雨季生态风险较高（RQ） >；1) DBP和DEP暴露驱动。健康风险评估显示非致癌风险(目标危害商（THQ） <；1)在大多数地点食用罗非鱼和鲤鱼，除了一个上游地点在雨季，幼儿有危险。DBP是这些风险的主要贡献者，在罗非鱼中占80.85%，在鲤鱼中占89.05%。dehp相关的癌症风险在旱季不存在，但在雨季出现在一个地点。研究结果强调了解决Citarum河中PAEs污染的迫切需要，包括通过源头控制、水区监测以及建立废水和地表水中PAEs的监管限制。

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引用次数: 0

Potentially toxic elements and geochemical signatures in sediments and soils from Biritiba-Mirim reservoir, Brazil 巴西Biritiba-Mirim水库沉积物和土壤中的潜在有毒元素和地球化学特征

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101070

Pedro do Nascimento Gonçalves , Sandra Regina Damatto , Thiago Costa Silva , Lúcio Leonardo , Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro , Marcos Antônio Scapin , Marycel Elena Barboza Cotrim

This study evaluated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) – V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, and Co – in sediment cores and surface soils from the Biritiba-Mirim reservoir in Brazil. The study investigated the influence of nearby soil on the sediments in the reservoir, the accumulation of PTEs in the sediment core layers, and enrichment factors from anthropogenic or natural sources. The methodology focused on the geochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of soils and sediment. The results compose a database with regional interest in the environmental quality of a relevant water supply system for Brazil’s most populous city, as well as to international researchers studying the geochemistry of trace elements in dam reservoir environments. The mean PTEs concentrations, in mg/kg, found in soils and sediments, respectively, were V (116 | 214), Cr (32.7 | 52.8), Ni (7.9 | 13.9), Cu (58 | 65), Zn (61 | 57), Pb (69 | 74), As (5.6 | 25.7), Sb (0.39 | 0.90), and Co (1.97 | 3.40). The study hypothesized arsenic enrichment near sediment core transition zones, with positive correlations between As with Sediment Erosion Flux (SEF), indicating the impact of reservoir flooding on the sediment quality. Signatures of chemical correlation were found between reservoir sediments and catchment soils, which presented signs of copper and lead enhanced by anthropogenic release.

本研究评估了巴西Biritiba-Mirim水库沉积物岩心和表层土壤中的潜在有毒元素（pte）——V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Sb和Co。研究了附近土壤对库区沉积物的影响、沉积物芯层中pte的富集以及人为或自然来源的富集因素。该方法侧重于土壤和沉积物的地球化学和物理化学特征。研究结果构成了一个数据库，该数据库对巴西人口最多的城市的相关供水系统的环境质量以及研究大坝水库环境中微量元素的地球化学的国际研究人员具有区域兴趣。土壤和沉积物中pte的平均浓度（mg/kg）分别为V（116 | 214）、Cr（32.7 |2.8）、Ni（7.9 |3.9）、Cu（58 |5）、Zn（61 | 57）、Pb（69 | 74）、As（5.6 | 25.7）、Sb（0.39 | 0.90）和Co（1.97 | 3.40）。研究假设沉积物岩心过渡带附近砷富集，砷与沉积物侵蚀通量（SEF）呈正相关，表明水库淹水对沉积物质量的影响。水库沉积物与集水区土壤具有明显的化学相关性，铜、铅的含量在人为释放的作用下有所增加。

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引用次数: 0

Micro-nanobubble assisted photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO nanocomposite ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO纳米复合材料的微纳气泡辅助光催化及抗菌活性

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101065

Sutthida Wongwichian , Ranjith Rajendran , Orawan Rojviroon , Priyadharsan Arumugam , Sanya Sirivithayapakorn , Thammasak Rojviroon

Addressing the ongoing challenge of water pollution by synthetic dyes requires advanced approaches. This study examines the improved degradation of Indigo Carmine (IC) dye using a ternary nanocomposite made of ZnFe₂O₄, g-C₃N₄, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), in combination with micro-nanobubble technology. The nanocomposite was synthesized using hydrothermal method, promoting effective interaction between ZnFe₂O₄, g-C₃N₄, and rGO, which enhances photocatalytic performance. The ZnFe₂O₄/g-C₃N₄/rGO nanocomposite (ZGR NCs) exhibited a 92 % degradation efficiency of IC dye within 60 min, significantly outperforming ZnFe₂O₄ (49 %), ZG (59 %), ZR (64 %), and ZGR without MNB (72 %). The photocatalytic process followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a high correlation coefficient (R² ∼ 0.9789–0.9968), demonstrating the efficiency of charge separation and transfer facilitated by rGO. ZnFe₂O₄ excels in absorbing visible light, g-C₃N₄ serves as a capable photocatalyst with a suitable bandgap for visible light, and rGO further facilitates electron mobility, minimizing charge recombination. Also, the combination of ZnFe₂O₄, rGO, and g-C₃N₄ generates a synergistic effect that significantly boosts photocatalytic activity. This interaction leads to more effective production of reactive oxygen species, which are essential for degrading pollutants. The nanocomposite also exhibited excellent reusability, retaining 88 % of its initial efficiency after five cycles. Additionally, antibacterial studies revealed strong inhibition zones against Streptococcus mutans (18–22 mm) and Enterococcus faecalis (14–20 mm), attributed to ROS-induced bacterial membrane disruption. These findings highlight the multifunctionality of the ZGR nanocomposite-micro-nanobubble (MNBs) system, offering a promising approach for sustainable wastewater treatment and antibacterial applications.

解决合成染料对水污染的持续挑战需要先进的方法。本研究利用由 ZnFe2O4、g-C3N4 和还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）组成的三元纳米复合材料，结合微纳米气泡技术，研究了如何改善靛蓝（IC）染料的降解。该纳米复合材料采用水热法合成，促进了 ZnFe2O4、g-C3N4 和 rGO 之间的有效相互作用，从而提高了光催化性能。ZnFe2O4/g-C3N4/rGO 纳米复合材料（ZGR NCs）在 60 分钟内对 IC 染料的降解效率达到 92%，明显优于 ZnFe2O4（49%）、ZG（59%）、ZR（64%）和不含 MNB 的 ZGR（72%）。光催化过程遵循伪一阶动力学，相关系数很高（R2 ∼ 0.9789-0.9968），表明 rGO 促进了电荷分离和转移的效率。ZnFe2O4 擅长吸收可见光，g-C3N4 可作为光催化剂，具有适合可见光的带隙，而 rGO 则进一步促进了电子迁移，最大限度地减少了电荷重组。此外，ZnFe2O4、rGO 和 g-C3N4 的组合还能产生协同效应，显著提高光催化活性。这种相互作用能更有效地产生活性氧，而活性氧对降解污染物至关重要。这种纳米复合材料还表现出极佳的可重复使用性，在循环使用五个周期后，其初始效率仍能保持 88%。此外，抗菌研究显示，纳米复合材料对变异链球菌（18-22 毫米）和粪肠球菌（14-20 毫米）有很强的抑制作用，这归因于活性氧诱导的细菌膜破坏。这些发现凸显了 ZGR 纳米复合材料-微纳米气泡（MNBs）系统的多功能性，为可持续废水处理和抗菌应用提供了一种前景广阔的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity analysis and degradation studies of chlorpyrifos in agricultural wastewater using magnesium ferrite-gelatin nanocomposites 铁酸镁-明胶纳米复合材料对毒死蜱在农业废水中的毒性分析及降解研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101075

Adhithya S , K.P. Anupama Raj , Asha Sathish , K. Nithya

In addressing the pressing environmental challenge of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) contamination in agricultural wastewater, we successfully synthesized a novel organic/inorganic bio-adsorbent known as Magnesium-Ferrite Gelatin (MFGEL) nanocomposites using a co-precipitation method. To thoroughly investigate this issue, we collected agricultural wastewater from various locations near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and employed the QuEChERS method followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Our results confirmed that CPF concentrations exceeded the permissible limits established by the EU and USEPA. From our calibration curve, we determined the limit of detection (LOD) to be 0.0225 mg/L and the limit of quantification (LOQ) to be 0.0683 mg/L, demonstrating the sensitivity of our method. Batch studies on the MFGEL nanocomposites revealed a removal efficiency of 99 % for CPF under optimized conditions. Elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) provided clear evidence of effective CPF adsorption, identifying the presence of chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur within the MFGEL structure. Our characterization studies showed a significant reduction in crystallinity, confirming the formation of an amorphous structure due to gelatin’s interference in MFGEL. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed a rough and highly porous surface with irregular shapes, highlighting the effectiveness of the adsorption process. Furthermore, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated that MFGEL possesses a mesoporous structure with a surface area of 30.652 m2/g. The results from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy analyses further revealed that gelatin in MFGEL introduces functional groups (such as O–H, N–H, and amide groups) that significantly enhance interaction with CPF. In addition, the ferrite component facilitates additional binding through surface complexation. Our reusability studies demonstrate that MFGEL maintains outstanding performance, retaining an adsorption efficiency of 98.7 % to 87 % and a regeneration efficiency of 96 % to 81 % over five cycles. This emphasizes the remarkable effectiveness and robustness of the MFGEL nanocomposite for CPF remediation in agricultural wastewater.

为了解决农业废水中毒死蜱（CPF）污染的紧迫环境挑战，我们成功地采用共沉淀法合成了一种新型的有机/无机生物吸附剂镁铁氧体明胶（MFGEL）纳米复合材料。为了深入研究这一问题，我们收集了泰米尔纳德邦哥印拜陀附近不同地点的农业废水，并采用QuEChERS方法和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析。我们的结果证实CPF浓度超过了欧盟和美国环保局规定的允许限度。结果表明，该方法的检出限为0.0225 mg/L，定量限为0.0683 mg/L，具有较高的灵敏度。对MFGEL纳米复合材料的批量研究表明，在优化条件下，CPF的去除率达到99%。使用能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）进行元素分析提供了CPF有效吸附的明确证据，确定了MFGEL结构中氯、磷和硫的存在。我们的表征研究表明结晶度显著降低，证实了由于明胶在MFGEL中的干扰而形成的无定形结构。扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示了一个粗糙的、不规则形状的高多孔表面，突出了吸附过程的有效性。此外，BET （brunauer - emmet - teller）分析表明，MFGEL具有介孔结构，比表面积为30.652 m2/g。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和拉曼光谱分析结果进一步表明，MFGEL中的明胶引入了功能基团（如O-H， N-H和酰胺基团），显著增强了与CPF的相互作用。此外，铁氧体组分通过表面络合促进附加结合。我们的重复使用研究表明，MFGEL保持了出色的性能，在五个循环中保持了98.7%至87%的吸附效率和96%至81%的再生效率。这强调了MFGEL纳米复合材料对农业废水CPF修复的显著有效性和稳健性。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of human health risk related with arsenic and other metal contamination in water of İznik lake (Turkey) 与İznik湖中砷和其他金属污染有关的人类健康风险评估（土耳其）

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101041

Şehnaz Şener , Erhan Şener , Cafer Bulut

This comprehensive study examines the environmental dynamics of the İznik Lake which is the fifth largest natural lake of our country, investigating temporal and spatial trends in heavy metal pollution and its effects on human health. Lake water samples were taken from various areas of the lake (19 different sampling points), including the central area of the lake, surrounding areas, points where streams empty into the lake, and near the shoreline. The average concentrations (μg/L) of heavy metals were as follows: Al (13.66) > Fe (11.37) > As (6.15) > Mn (2.54) > Zn (2.46) > Pb (0.61) > Cu (0.42) > Cr (0.36) > Ni (0.22). Al, Fe and As are the metals found in the highest concentrations in lake waters. According to index results, water quality index (WQI) value and heavy metal pollution index (HPI) indicated suitable for use of waters as drinking water. All of the samples are in the “low pollution” class in accordance with the heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and degree of contamination (Cdegree) values. In addition, HTL indicated “low toxicity” class. The results of the health risk assessments were that consumption of the lake water could lead to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health problems in terms of As. The results indicate that İznik Lake is contaminated with heavy metals and is not suitable for drinking water or agricultural use. In addition, this study revealed that metals measured at low concentrations may have adverse effects on human health. This study for İznik Lake is one of the first in the field and can be a reference for future similar studies for the protection and safe use of the lake and control of pollutants around the lake.

这项综合研究考察了我国第五大天然湖泊İznik湖的环境动态，调查了重金属污染的时空趋势及其对人类健康的影响。湖水样本取自湖泊的不同区域（19个不同的采样点），包括湖泊的中心区域、周围区域、溪流流入湖泊的点以及靠近海岸线的地方。重金属平均浓度（μg/L）为：Al (13.66) >；Fe (11.37) >；As (6.15) >；Mn (2.54) >；Zn (2.46) >；Pb (0.61) >；Cu (0.42) >；Cr (0.36) >；倪(0.22)。Al、Fe和As是湖水中浓度最高的金属。根据指标结果，水质指数（WQI）值和重金属污染指数（HPI）表明该水适合作为饮用水使用。根据重金属评价指数（HEI）和污染程度（c度）值，所有样品均为“低污染”级。此外，HTL为“低毒”级。健康风险评估的结果是，就砷而言，饮用湖水可能导致致癌和非致癌的健康问题。结果表明，İznik湖存在重金属污染，不宜作为饮用水和农业用水。此外，这项研究表明，低浓度测量的金属可能对人体健康产生不利影响。本文对İznik湖的研究是该领域的首次研究，可为今后对该湖的保护与安全利用以及湖周围污染物控制的类似研究提供参考。

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引用次数: 0