Pub Date : 2024-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101035
Femiana Gapsari , Christina Wahyu Kartikowati , Kartika A. Madurani , Afifah Harmayanti , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman
Bioplastic membranes, particularly those based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are increasingly explored for their environmental benefits and diverse applications. However, these bioplastics often suffer from high water absorption and limited mechanical durability, restricting their practical use compared to conventional plastics. This study aims to address these limitations by incorporating nanocellulose from Cordia dichotoma fiber (CDf) and a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating derived from blood clam shells—a novel and sustainable approach. The HA-coated PVA-nanocellulose bioplastic was evaluated for tensile strength, water absorption, and antibacterial activity, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed substantial improvements, with tensile strength increasing from 5.62 to 12.63 MPa and elastic modulus from 6.73 to 15.85 MPa, attributed to enhanced cross-linking from the HA layer. Additionally, antibacterial testing showed weak inhibition zones (<5 mm) against E. coli and S. aureus, indicating mild antimicrobial properties. This research contributes to sustainable bioplastic technologies by leveraging waste-derived materials to improve functionality, making these biocomposites promising for packaging, water purification and biomedical applications, and other fields requiring durable, eco-friendly materials.
{"title":"Enhanced PVA-bioplastic membranes with nanocellulose and hydroxyapatite derived from blood clam shells","authors":"Femiana Gapsari , Christina Wahyu Kartikowati , Kartika A. Madurani , Afifah Harmayanti , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioplastic membranes, particularly those based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are increasingly explored for their environmental benefits and diverse applications. However, these bioplastics often suffer from high water absorption and limited mechanical durability, restricting their practical use compared to conventional plastics. This study aims to address these limitations by incorporating nanocellulose from <em>Cordia dichotoma</em> fiber (CDf) and a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating derived from blood clam shells—a novel and sustainable approach. The HA-coated PVA-nanocellulose bioplastic was evaluated for tensile strength, water absorption, and antibacterial activity, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed substantial improvements, with tensile strength increasing from 5.62 to 12.63 MPa and elastic modulus from 6.73 to 15.85 MPa, attributed to enhanced cross-linking from the HA layer. Additionally, antibacterial testing showed weak inhibition zones (<5 mm) against <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, indicating mild antimicrobial properties. This research contributes to sustainable bioplastic technologies by leveraging waste-derived materials to improve functionality, making these biocomposites promising for packaging, water purification and biomedical applications, and other fields requiring durable, eco-friendly materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aims to examine the sustainability of groundwater in a contaminated area of Krishna river, one of the vital natural source for drinking and irrigation purposes in India. The water samples (in total 142) were collected in different seasons from Sangli district of Maharashtra state, India, and their suitability for drinking, domestic usage, irrigation water quality indices, and health risk assessment were studied. The spatial distribution and safe groundwater region were identified using the ordinary Kriging method. The major cations concentration was observed in order as Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ > Na+, whereas for anions it was observed as HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− > F−. The groundwater quality indices for magnesium hazard (MH) suggest that 100 samples from the village area, 27 from the city area, and 7 from the industrial area were found not suitable for the irrigation purposes. Similarly, the results of Kelley’s ratio and sodium absorption ratio support MH findings and suggest that these sources are inapt for irrigation purposes. Pearson correlation values for industrial area samples showed a significantly positive correlation value for F− with SO42−, Ca2+, and K+ as 0.48, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively. The health risk assessment shows that in the industrial, city and, village areas, 21 %, 4 %, and 19 % of children are highly susceptible to fluorosis, respectively. This physicochemical and hydrogeochemical study of groundwater suggests that the shallow aquifer depth groundwater of this study area was moderately unsafe for the usage of drinking and irrigation purposes.
{"title":"Fluoride distribution, groundwater quality and health risk assessment for contaminated region near Krishna River (Maharashtra) India","authors":"Sandip Sampatrao Sathe , Uday Bhan , Anamika Kushwaha , Mohd Shabbir , Kranti Patil , Vishal Kamboj , Lalit Goswami , Seungdae Oh , Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi , Akhilesh Bind","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study aims to examine the sustainability of groundwater in a contaminated area of Krishna river, one of the vital natural source for drinking and irrigation purposes in India. The water samples (in total 142) were collected in different seasons from Sangli district of Maharashtra state, India, and their suitability for drinking, domestic usage, irrigation water quality indices, and health risk assessment were studied. The spatial distribution and safe groundwater region were identified using the ordinary Kriging method. The major cations concentration was observed in order as Mg<sup>2+</sup> > Ca<sup>2+</sup> > K<sup>+</sup> > Na<sup>+</sup>, whereas for anions it was observed as HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> > SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> > Cl<sup>−</sup> > F<sup>−</sup>. The groundwater quality indices for magnesium hazard (MH) suggest that 100 samples from the village area, 27 from the city area, and 7 from the industrial area were found not suitable for the irrigation purposes. Similarly, the results of Kelley’s ratio and sodium absorption ratio support MH findings and suggest that these sources are inapt for irrigation purposes. Pearson correlation values for industrial area samples showed a significantly positive correlation value for F<sup>−</sup> with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and K<sup>+</sup> as 0.48, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively. The health risk assessment shows that in the industrial, city and, village areas, 21 %, 4 %, and 19 % of children are highly susceptible to fluorosis, respectively. This physicochemical and hydrogeochemical study of groundwater suggests that the shallow aquifer depth groundwater of this study area was moderately unsafe for the usage of drinking and irrigation purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101034
Mohaddeseh Shahabi Nejad, Zahra Vakily, Ali Mostafavi, Hassan Sheibani
The discharge of effluents containing antibiotics into the environment poses a significant challenge, contributing to the proliferation of resistant bacterial pathogens. Consequently, the removal and degradation of these contaminants from aqueous environments, particularly through photodegradation with potent photocatalysts, has attracted considerable research interest. In this research, A novel generation of visible-light photocatalyst was developed by immobilizing a ruthenium complex on modified graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes, with a focus on degrading the commonly used antibiotic, tetracycline. To achieve this, the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (g-C3N4 NTs) was successfully conducted using the hydrothermal method, followed by functionalization with the 1,10-Phenantroline-5,6-dione ligand. Subsequently, the functionalized g-C3N4 NTs were further enhanced through the immobilization of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer. The structure and morphology of the prepared photocatalyst were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM). Subsequently, the photocatalyst’s efficiency in optically degrading tetracycline antibiotics was evaluated in a suspension reactor equipped with a 60 W LED lamp. Key parameters such as catalyst dosage, irradiation duration, temperature, and pH were systematically optimized. The results indicated that the immobilization of the Ru complex onto functionalized g-C3N4 NTs significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, resulting in a 43 % increase in degradation efficiency. Furthermore, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis demonstrated that approximately 90 % mineralization of a 10 mg/L tetracycline solution could be achieved using 20 mg of Ru (II) complex/g-C3N4 NTs at pH 7 after 480 min, without the need for additional oxidants.
{"title":"Graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes decorated with ruthenium: New efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst","authors":"Mohaddeseh Shahabi Nejad, Zahra Vakily, Ali Mostafavi, Hassan Sheibani","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discharge of effluents containing antibiotics into the environment poses a significant challenge, contributing to the proliferation of resistant bacterial pathogens. Consequently, the removal and degradation of these contaminants from aqueous environments, particularly through photodegradation with potent photocatalysts, has attracted considerable research interest. In this research, A novel generation of visible-light photocatalyst was developed by immobilizing a ruthenium complex on modified graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes, with a focus on degrading the commonly used antibiotic, tetracycline. To achieve this, the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NTs) was successfully conducted using the hydrothermal method, followed by functionalization with the 1,10-Phenantroline-5,6-dione ligand. Subsequently, the functionalized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NTs were further enhanced through the immobilization of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer. The structure and morphology of the prepared photocatalyst were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM). Subsequently, the photocatalyst’s efficiency in optically degrading tetracycline antibiotics was evaluated in a suspension reactor equipped with a 60 W LED lamp. Key parameters such as catalyst dosage, irradiation duration, temperature, and pH were systematically optimized. The results indicated that the immobilization of the Ru complex onto functionalized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NTs significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, resulting in a 43 % increase in degradation efficiency. Furthermore, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis demonstrated that approximately 90 % mineralization of a 10 mg/L tetracycline solution could be achieved using 20 mg of Ru (II) complex/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> NTs at pH 7 after 480 min, without the need for additional oxidants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143179316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101032
Saloni Kamboj, Nirankar Singh
To assess the wintertime toxicity linked with the characteristics of public supply water, tap water samples were collected from the selected sites of Ambala district in India during October 2022 to February 2023 covering winter season. Following the standard procedures and protocols recommended by APHA, BIS and WHO, several characteristics were explored in order to find their linkages with the health issues of adults and children during winters. The irrigation water quality parameters were also taken into consideration during characterization. The high levels of toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) were observed at various sites during this period exceeding the BIS acceptable limits. The average levels of F-, Cl-, NO3–, SO42-, PO43- and HCO3– were found to be 0.261 mg L-1, 27.95 mg L-1, 0.234 mg L-1, 47.99 mg L-1, 0.210 mg L-1 and 5.97 mg L-1 respectively. Levels of As, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn remained at 123.62 µgL-1, 56.24 µgL-1 2.59 µgL-1, 1.367 µgL-1, 9.45 µgL-1, 8.79 µgL-1, 77.92 µgL-1, and 10.79 µgL-1 respectively. The mean hazard indices were found greater than one (>1) for children and adults both (0.96–5.5, 0.96–2.61) during this winter season. Owing to low body weight, children found more prone than adults to health issues. The mostly sites had good water quality indices (WQIs). Based on the SAR, RSC, MAR, SSP values, mostly samples were found in excellent category of water source for irrigation. Several statistical and geographic distributions were used to evaluate the samples for direct human consumption along with the associated health risk at the study area. This study, first time reports the toxicity levels associated with the tap water characteristics in the chosen area and discusses the novel findings of the hazard analysis with reference to direct intake of freshwater and water for irrigation.
{"title":"Wintertime water quality assessment via integrated indexical approaches with reference to drinking and irrigation standards in NW India","authors":"Saloni Kamboj, Nirankar Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To assess the wintertime toxicity linked with the characteristics of public supply water, tap water samples were collected from the selected sites<!--> <!-->of Ambala district in India during October 2022 to February 2023 covering winter season.<!--> <!-->Following the standard procedures and protocols recommended by APHA, BIS and WHO, several<!--> <!-->characteristics were explored<!--> <!-->in order to find their linkages with the health issues of adults and children during winters. The irrigation water quality parameters were also taken into consideration during characterization. The high levels of toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) were observed at various sites during this period exceeding the BIS<!--> <!-->acceptable limits. The average<!--> <!-->levels of F<sup>-</sup>, Cl<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup> were found to be 0.261 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 27.95 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 0.234 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 47.99 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, 0.210 mg L<sup>-1</sup> and 5.97 mg L<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Levels of As, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn<!--> <!-->remained at 123.62 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, 56.24 µgL<sup>-1</sup> 2.59 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, 1.367 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, 9.45 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, 8.79 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, 77.92 µgL<sup>-1</sup>, and 10.79 µgL<sup>-1</sup> <!-->respectively. The mean hazard indices were<!--> <!-->found greater than one (>1) for<!--> <!-->children and adults both (0.96–5.5, 0.96–2.61)<!--> <!-->during this<!--> <!-->winter season. Owing to low body weight, children found more prone than adults to health issues. The mostly sites had good water quality indices (WQIs). Based on the SAR, RSC, MAR, SSP values, mostly samples were found<!--> <!-->in excellent category of water source for irrigation. Several statistical and geographic distributions were used to evaluate the samples<!--> <!-->for direct human consumption along with the associated health risk at the study area.<!--> <!-->This study, first time reports the toxicity levels associated with the tap water characteristics in the chosen area and discusses the novel findings of the hazard analysis with reference to direct intake of freshwater and water for irrigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101032"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143180258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101031
La Ode Agus Salim , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Nohong Nohong
The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with known toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in agricultural products and ecosystems. This study presents the development of a novel TiO2-ZnO/graphene (GTZ) hybrid nanocomposite electrode for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil. The GTZ nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM results showed that TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the graphene layer. XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of the anatase TiO2 phase and Wurtzite ZnO phase in GTZ nanocomposites. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, Ti-O and Zn-O bonds, indicating successful modification of graphene. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GTZ electrode, demonstrating a linear response to fipronil concentrations as low as 0.0023 µg/L, with a high reproducibility (RSD 1.77 %). The electrode’s enhanced sensitivity can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between TiO2-ZnO nanoparticles and graphene, providing a large electroactive surface area and improved electron transfer kinetics. This study confirms the potential of GTZ nanocomposite electrodes as a cost-effective and portable platform for real-time monitoring of fipronil residues in environmental and agricultural samples.
{"title":"Advanced TiO2-ZnO/graphene hybrid nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil pesticide","authors":"La Ode Agus Salim , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Nohong Nohong","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with known toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in agricultural products and ecosystems. This study presents the development of a novel TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO/graphene (GTZ) hybrid nanocomposite electrode for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil. The GTZ nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM results showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the graphene layer. XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of the anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> phase and Wurtzite ZnO phase in GTZ nanocomposites. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, Ti-O and Zn-O bonds, indicating successful modification of graphene. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GTZ electrode, demonstrating a linear response to fipronil concentrations as low as 0.0023 µg/L, with a high reproducibility (RSD 1.77 %). The electrode’s enhanced sensitivity can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between TiO<sub>2</sub>-ZnO nanoparticles and graphene, providing a large electroactive surface area and improved electron transfer kinetics. This study confirms the potential of GTZ nanocomposite electrodes as a cost-effective and portable platform for real-time monitoring of fipronil residues in environmental and agricultural samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101031"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm3, respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10-4, with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10-6 to 2.4 × 10-6. The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.
{"title":"Health risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dumpsites in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya , Treasure Ejodamen Omotade , Okechukwu Solomon Ihuoma","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10<sup>-6</sup> to 2.4 × 10<sup>-6</sup>. The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030
S. Rajeshkumar , C. Malarkodi , Arpita Roy , Tharani Munusamy , Ashish Kumar , Hendrix Yulis Setyawan , Kuldeep Sharma , Rajan Verma
Cadmium sulfide is one of the most vital materials, and this research discusses the environmentally friendly synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial synthesis was utilized to produce cadmium sulfide nanoparticles within Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at four distinct concentrations. This study focused on generating CdS/ PVA films, where cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of varying sizes were dispersed within polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The PL (Photoluminescence) spectrum and UV–visible spectrum showed the CdS/PVA quantum confinement effect. TEM and XRD analyses demonstrate the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles and CdS films with a cubic phase embedded within the PVA matrix. The morphological changes between the nanocomposite clearly showed in the TEM images. Primarily spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were formed as observed in the SEM analysis, and it was found that the CdS/PVA nanocomposite are different like shapeless. FTIR spectrums of CdS/PVA nanocomposites in different concentration shows the participation of biomolecules in the nanocomposite’s formation. The prepared nanocomposite showed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Thus CdS/PVA nanocomposites can be used in many potential biomedical applications.
{"title":"Bacterial assisted preparation of cadmium sulfide/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites and its biological applications","authors":"S. Rajeshkumar , C. Malarkodi , Arpita Roy , Tharani Munusamy , Ashish Kumar , Hendrix Yulis Setyawan , Kuldeep Sharma , Rajan Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium sulfide is one of the most vital materials, and this research discusses the environmentally friendly synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Bacterial synthesis was utilized to produce cadmium sulfide nanoparticles within Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at four distinct concentrations. This study focused on generating CdS/ PVA films, where cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of varying sizes were dispersed within polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The PL (Photoluminescence) spectrum and UV–visible spectrum showed the CdS/PVA quantum confinement effect. TEM and XRD analyses demonstrate the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles and CdS films with a cubic phase embedded within the PVA matrix. The morphological changes between the nanocomposite clearly showed in the TEM images. Primarily spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were formed as observed in the SEM analysis, and it was found that the CdS/PVA nanocomposite are different like shapeless. FTIR spectrums of CdS/PVA nanocomposites in different concentration shows the participation of biomolecules in the nanocomposite’s formation. The prepared nanocomposite showed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Thus CdS/PVA nanocomposites can be used in many potential biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101029
Hamza Ngadi , Abdelmajid Moumen , Mostafa Layachi , Ghizlane Azizi , Sara Esseffar , Najib El Ouamari , Mourad Baghour , Muhammad Zahid
This study reflects the characteristic features of the coastal regions in Cala Iris Bay and the impacts of human activities through a multiparametric approach. The eutrophication status of coastal zones was assessed using various tools, including the trophic index (TRIX), eutrophication index (EI), and the Redfield ratio. The TRIX index ranged from 3.53 to 5.49, indicating oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. EI values ranged from 0.22 to 1.4, indicating good to poor seawater quality. The Redfield ratio consistently showed N/P values below 16, indicating nitrogen limitation. Variation in microbial indicators (fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and Escherichia coli) revealed higher values in autumn and winter and lower values in summer, with distribution governed by water temperature, salinity, and ammonium. These results provide a scientific basis for developing better management strategies to ensure sustainable aquaculture development in Cala Iris Bay and along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast.
{"title":"Assessment of the ecological status of Cala Iris Bay (Northern Morocco): First characterization and classification according to a multiparametric approach","authors":"Hamza Ngadi , Abdelmajid Moumen , Mostafa Layachi , Ghizlane Azizi , Sara Esseffar , Najib El Ouamari , Mourad Baghour , Muhammad Zahid","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study reflects the characteristic features of the coastal regions in Cala Iris Bay and the impacts of human activities through a multiparametric approach. The eutrophication status of coastal zones was assessed using various tools, including the trophic index (TRIX), eutrophication index (EI), and the Redfield ratio. The TRIX index ranged from 3.53 to 5.49, indicating oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions. EI values ranged from 0.22 to 1.4, indicating good to poor seawater quality. The Redfield ratio consistently showed N/P values below 16, indicating nitrogen limitation. Variation in microbial indicators (fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and <em>Escherichia coli</em>) revealed higher values in autumn and winter and lower values in summer, with distribution governed by water temperature, salinity, and ammonium. These results provide a scientific basis for developing better management strategies to ensure sustainable aquaculture development in Cala Iris Bay and along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-22DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101026
A. Shanmugasundharam , R.P. Adhithya , A. Krishnakumar , S.R. Mahapatra
The study evaluates sediment and water quality in Parakkai Lake, part of the Suchindram Theroor wetland complex, an Important Bird Area (IBA). It aims to identify pollution sources and their effects on the lake ecosystem. Fifteen samples generally met WHO and BIS standards, with a Water Quality Index indicating good to excellent quality. Water is characterized as NaCl, Na + K, and Cl based on the Piper diagram. Trace element levels were mostly within WHO limits, though some samples showed higher concentrations, particularly in the lake’s northern part due to human activities. Water quality for irrigation showed issues at site 6 due to nearby fertilizer use. The Parakkai Ramsar site is at low risk based on the study. Sediment metal concentrations ranked as Zr > Ba > Ga > Cu > Zn > La > Sr > Fe > Cr > Al > Rb > Ni > Mn > V, with Zn being the most abundant. Ecological risk indices suggest marginal heavy metal pollution in sediments. The key factor affecting the determination of water quality is the growth in urbanisation and agricultural practises around these lakes. Urbanization and agriculture were identified as main factors affecting water quality. Regular monitoring is crucial for lake protection.
该研究评估了 Parakkai 湖的沉积物和水质，该湖是重要鸟类保护区 (IBA) Suchindram Theroor 湿地综合体的一部分。研究旨在确定污染源及其对湖泊生态系统的影响。15 份样本总体上符合世界卫生组织（WHO）和国际生物安全研究所（BIS）的标准，水质指数显示水质良好至优良。根据 Piper 图，水的特征为 NaCl、Na + K 和 Cl。微量元素含量大多在世界卫生组织的限制范围内，但有些样本显示浓度较高，特别是在湖的北部，原因是人类活动。由于附近使用化肥，6 号站点的灌溉水质出现问题。根据研究结果，帕拉凯拉姆萨尔遗址的风险较低。沉积物中的金属浓度依次为 Zr > Ba > Ga > Cu > Zn > La > Sr > Fe > Cr > Al > Rb > Ni > Mn > V，其中 Zn 的含量最高。生态风险指数表明，沉积物中的重金属污染处于边际水平。影响水质确定的关键因素是这些湖泊周围城市化和农业活动的增长。城市化和农业被认为是影响水质的主要因素。定期监测对湖泊保护至关重要。
{"title":"Evaluation of sediment and water quality status of Parakkai Lake, part of the Suchindram Theroor Wetland complex (a Ramsar Site), using various pollution indices","authors":"A. Shanmugasundharam , R.P. Adhithya , A. Krishnakumar , S.R. Mahapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study evaluates sediment and water quality in Parakkai Lake, part of the Suchindram Theroor wetland complex, an Important Bird Area (IBA). It aims to identify pollution sources and their effects on the lake ecosystem. Fifteen samples generally met WHO and BIS standards, with a Water Quality Index indicating good to excellent quality. Water is characterized as NaCl, Na + K, and Cl based on the Piper diagram. Trace element levels were mostly within WHO limits, though some samples showed higher concentrations, particularly in the lake’s northern part due to human activities. Water quality for irrigation showed issues at site 6 due to nearby fertilizer use. The Parakkai Ramsar site is at low risk based on the study. Sediment metal concentrations ranked as Zr > Ba > Ga > Cu > Zn > La > Sr > Fe > Cr > Al > Rb > Ni > Mn > V, with Zn being the most abundant. Ecological risk indices suggest marginal heavy metal pollution in sediments. The key factor affecting the determination of water quality is the growth in urbanisation and agricultural practises around these lakes. Urbanization and agriculture were identified as main factors affecting water quality. Regular monitoring is crucial for lake protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101027
Oluwafunmilayo Olamide Olanipekun, Gideon Aina Idowu, Ademola Festus Aiyesanmi
Plastic particles (both meso- and micro-plastics) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. They exert profound effects on organisms and may potentially enter the human food chain. Seasonal changes in abundance and types of plastic particles are poorly understood. In this study, plastic particles were determined in five communities along the Atlantic coast of Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of fifty (50) composite water and sediment samples were collected from the communities during each of wet (rainy) and dry seasons of year 2022.The plastic particles were recovered from water samples by filtering through 0.45 μm membrane. Those in sediments were recovered by floatation with supersaturated solution of zinc chloride (ZnCl2, density 1.5 g/cm3). Polymer identification of sizable particles was performed with attenuated total reflectance − Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The plastic particles were more in the waters during the wet season (10,503) than in the dry season (8,322). For the sediments, the particles were more in the dry season (22,824) compared to the wet season (17,481). Fibre particles were detected most frequently in both seasons. Blue coloured particles (36 %) were predominant in the water samples during the wet season, while white particles (41 %) occurred most frequently in the dry season. Nine (9) plastic polymer types were identified in the sediments, with low-density polyethylene (LDPE, at 64 %) being the dominant plastic material found. Replacement of single-use LDPE “polybags” with reusable alternatives would reduce plastic pollution in the Nigerian coastal area, which connects with the global marine environment.
{"title":"Seasonal variation of meso- and micro-plastics in water and sediments of coastal communities in Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Oluwafunmilayo Olamide Olanipekun, Gideon Aina Idowu, Ademola Festus Aiyesanmi","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic particles (both meso- and micro-plastics) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment. They exert profound effects on organisms and may potentially enter the human food chain. Seasonal changes in abundance and types of plastic particles are poorly understood. In this study, plastic particles were determined in five communities along the Atlantic coast of Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of fifty (50) composite water and sediment samples were collected from the communities during each of wet (rainy) and dry seasons of year 2022.The plastic particles were recovered from water samples by filtering through 0.45 μm membrane. Those in sediments were recovered by floatation with supersaturated solution of zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, density 1.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup>). Polymer identification of sizable particles was performed with attenuated total reflectance − Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The plastic particles were more in the waters during the wet season (10,503) than in the dry season (8,322). For the sediments, the particles were more in the dry season (22,824) compared to the wet season (17,481). Fibre particles were detected most frequently in both seasons. Blue coloured particles (36 %) were predominant in the water samples during the wet season, while white particles (41 %) occurred most frequently in the dry season. Nine (9) plastic polymer types were identified in the sediments, with low-density polyethylene (LDPE, at 64 %) being the dominant plastic material found. Replacement of single-use LDPE “polybags” with reusable alternatives would reduce plastic pollution in the Nigerian coastal area, which connects with the global marine environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 101027"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142703808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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