Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101046
J.C. Gómez-Vilchis , G. García-Rosales , L.C. Longoria-Gándara , D. Tenorio-Castilleros
This study developed hedgehog-like ZnO nanostructures supported on biochar (B/ZnO), characterized by three-dimensional nanocrystal clusters radiating from a central core. These structures exhibit high specific surface area and porosity, enhancing their performance in adsorption and photocatalysis for removing emerging contaminants such as cephalexin (CEX) from aqueous solutions. The growing concern over antibiotics and their metabolites in water, coupled with the rise of antibiotic resistance, highlights the need for efficient methods to mitigate their environmental, agricultural, and health impacts. While optimization of ZnO particles for contaminant removal continues, this research introduces a biochar-supported ZnO hedgehog composed of nano-rods with a substantial specific surface area of 265 ± 0.2 m2 g−1. This feature significantly enhances its adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of CEX. Experimental results indicate that the Langmuir adsorption model accurately describes the data, suggesting that adsorption predominantly occurs in a monolayer and follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Photodegradation reaction rates of 2.70 × 10−2 min−1, 2.2 × 10−2 min−1, and 1.8 × 10−2 min−1 demonstrate the material’s high photocatalytic efficiency, reinforcing its potential as a viable solution for treating antibiotic-contaminated water.
{"title":"Hedgehog-like ZnO nanostructures naturally formed in biochar: An innovative approach for cephalexin removal","authors":"J.C. Gómez-Vilchis , G. García-Rosales , L.C. Longoria-Gándara , D. Tenorio-Castilleros","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study developed hedgehog-like ZnO nanostructures supported on biochar (B/ZnO), characterized by three-dimensional nanocrystal clusters radiating from a central core. These structures exhibit high specific surface area and porosity, enhancing their performance in adsorption and photocatalysis for removing emerging contaminants such as cephalexin (CEX) from aqueous solutions. The growing concern over antibiotics and their metabolites in water, coupled with the rise of antibiotic resistance, highlights the need for efficient methods to mitigate their environmental, agricultural, and health impacts. While optimization of ZnO particles for contaminant removal continues, this research introduces a biochar-supported ZnO hedgehog composed of nano-rods with a substantial specific surface area of 265 ± 0.2 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>. This feature significantly enhances its adsorption capacity and photocatalytic efficiency in the degradation of CEX. Experimental results indicate that the Langmuir adsorption model accurately describes the data, suggesting that adsorption predominantly occurs in a monolayer and follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Photodegradation reaction rates of 2.70 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, 2.2 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, and 1.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup> demonstrate the material’s high photocatalytic efficiency, reinforcing its potential as a viable solution for treating antibiotic-contaminated water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study analyzed the adulteration and health risk evaluation in the agricultural soil of Kabini basin. Along with the physico-chemical properties the geochemistry of ten heavy metalloids [HM(oids)] (V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Rb, Ga, Y, Ba, Zr, Sr) were studied by wavelength dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF) for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. All the HM(oids) except for Sr and seasonal Zr are found to exceed the standards given by upper continental (UCC). The most diverse seasonal variation in the region is observed for Y (114%) and Rb (99%). The increasing population along the region demands higher resources and resulted in changing HM(oids) distribution along the basin. The evidence from the pollution assessment; geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (Cf) shows the moderate pollution risk due to Cr, V and Cu and overall evaluation as of pollution load index (PLI) shows low to moderate pollution conditions. The changing toxicity of HM(oids) in the soil imparts significant risk to the human health in all age groups. The common pathway; ingestion in the area shows high non-carcinogenic risk for both child and adult (for both seasons) and in dermal pathway Cu and Zr toxicity is observed among the child (both seasons). Additionally, Ni and Cr being the prominent carcinogens detected in the region, that might cause the chance of respiratory or lung related issues in the basin. The overall sources of these HM(oids)and their correlations was performed using PCA and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient suggest both geogenic and anthropogenic activities in the region. The source of (V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Rb) are geogenic and (Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, Sr) are anthropogenic in the terrain.
{"title":"Soil geochemistry and health risk assessment: A study of Kabini Basin, southern Western Ghats, India with special reference to heavy metalloids","authors":"Himanshi Gupta , Appukuttanpillai Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study analyzed the adulteration and health risk evaluation in the agricultural soil of Kabini basin. Along with the physico-chemical properties the geochemistry of ten heavy metalloids [HM<em>(oids)</em>] (V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Rb, Ga, Y, Ba, Zr, Sr) were studied by wavelength dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF) for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. All the HM<em>(oids)</em> except for Sr and seasonal Zr are found to exceed the standards given by upper continental (UCC). The most diverse seasonal variation in the region is observed for Y (114%) and Rb (99%). The increasing population along the region demands higher resources and resulted in changing HM<em>(oids)</em> distribution along the basin. The evidence from the pollution assessment; geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (Cf) shows the moderate pollution risk due to Cr, V and Cu and overall evaluation as of pollution load index (PLI) shows low to moderate pollution conditions. The changing toxicity of HM<em>(oids)</em> in the soil imparts significant risk to the human health in all age groups. The common pathway; ingestion in the area shows high non-carcinogenic risk for both child and adult (for both seasons) and in dermal pathway Cu and Zr toxicity is observed among the child (both seasons). Additionally, Ni and Cr being the prominent carcinogens detected in the region, that might cause the chance of respiratory or lung related issues in the basin. The overall sources of these HM<em>(oids)</em>and their correlations was performed using PCA and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient suggest both geogenic and anthropogenic activities in the region. The source of (V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Rb) are geogenic and (Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, Sr) are anthropogenic in the terrain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101076
Md. Nuruzzaman, Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal
Nano-chitosan-coated sand adsorbent was prepared by coating chitosan nanoparticles onto treated Padma River sand. CNPs were produced through the application of ionotropic gelation methodology. The effects of parameters such as pHs, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures were examined on the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacities of brilliant green, methylene blue, reactive brown dyes, chromium, and nickel heavy metal ions by NCCS were observed at a temperature of 318 K, which were 5.001 mg/g, 8.012 mg/g, 6.386 mg/g, 48.387 mg/g, and 24.258 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that the adsorption was monolayer. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic across the temperature ranges. As the reaction kinetics analysis indicated, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of NCCS is exceptionally high, allowing for the effective capture and removal of a diverse array of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, consequently contributing to the advancement of environmental remediation and pollution abatement initiatives.
{"title":"Nano-Chitosan coated sand: A sustainable superadsorbent for removal of heavy metals and dye particles from industrial effluents","authors":"Md. Nuruzzaman, Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nano-chitosan-coated sand adsorbent was prepared by coating chitosan nanoparticles onto treated Padma River sand. CNPs were produced through the application of ionotropic gelation methodology. The effects of parameters such as pHs, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures were examined on the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacities of brilliant green, methylene blue, reactive brown dyes, chromium, and nickel heavy metal ions by NCCS were observed at a temperature of 318 K, which were 5.001 mg/g, 8.012 mg/g, 6.386 mg/g, 48.387 mg/g, and 24.258 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that the adsorption was monolayer. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic across the temperature ranges. As the reaction kinetics analysis indicated, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of NCCS is exceptionally high, allowing for the effective capture and removal of a diverse array of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, consequently contributing to the advancement of environmental remediation and pollution abatement initiatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101051
Yudha Gusti Wibowo
Water pollution from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources demands effective and sustainable treatment solutions. Carbon-based adsorbents, such as activated carbon, biochar, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, offer promising pollutant removal capabilities due to their high adsorption capacities and versatility. However, their energy-intensive production, emissions, and challenges in regeneration raise concerns about environmental sustainability. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive evaluation of both the performance and environmental trade-offs associated with carbon-based adsorbents. Novelty of this study presents a new perspective, highlighting the double-edged nature of these materials—they offer significant pollutant removal potential but impose environmental burdens through energy consumption and chemical waste. It explores key applications, challenges, and trade-offs, such as variability in adsorption efficiency, high production costs, and risks of nanoparticle toxicity. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need for green production processes, composite adsorbents, and sustainable regeneration technologies to optimize their use. This review contributes a new perspective by addressing the dual role of carbon-based adsorbents as both solutions for and contributors to environmental challenges, providing actionable insights for advancing their application in sustainable water treatment systems.
{"title":"Carbon-Based adsorbents for heavy metal removal in Wastewater: Green technology or environmental Burden?","authors":"Yudha Gusti Wibowo","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water pollution from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources demands effective and sustainable treatment solutions. Carbon-based adsorbents, such as activated carbon, biochar, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, offer promising pollutant removal capabilities due to their high adsorption capacities and versatility. However, their energy-intensive production, emissions, and challenges in regeneration raise concerns about environmental sustainability. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive evaluation of both the performance and environmental trade-offs associated with carbon-based adsorbents. Novelty of this study presents a new perspective, highlighting the double-edged nature of these materials—they offer significant pollutant removal potential but impose environmental burdens through energy consumption and chemical waste. It explores key applications, challenges, and trade-offs, such as variability in adsorption efficiency, high production costs, and risks of nanoparticle toxicity. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need for green production processes, composite adsorbents, and sustainable regeneration technologies to optimize their use. This review contributes a new perspective by addressing the dual role of carbon-based adsorbents as both solutions for and contributors to environmental challenges, providing actionable insights for advancing their application in sustainable water treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143430222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030
S. Rajeshkumar , C. Malarkodi , Arpita Roy , Tharani Munusamy , Ashish Kumar , Hendrix Yulis Setyawan , Kuldeep Sharma , Rajan Verma
Cadmium sulfide is one of the most vital materials, and this research discusses the environmentally friendly synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial synthesis was utilized to produce cadmium sulfide nanoparticles within Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at four distinct concentrations. This study focused on generating CdS/ PVA films, where cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of varying sizes were dispersed within polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The PL (Photoluminescence) spectrum and UV–visible spectrum showed the CdS/PVA quantum confinement effect. TEM and XRD analyses demonstrate the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles and CdS films with a cubic phase embedded within the PVA matrix. The morphological changes between the nanocomposite clearly showed in the TEM images. Primarily spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were formed as observed in the SEM analysis, and it was found that the CdS/PVA nanocomposite are different like shapeless. FTIR spectrums of CdS/PVA nanocomposites in different concentration shows the participation of biomolecules in the nanocomposite’s formation. The prepared nanocomposite showed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Thus CdS/PVA nanocomposites can be used in many potential biomedical applications.
{"title":"Bacterial assisted preparation of cadmium sulfide/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites and its biological applications","authors":"S. Rajeshkumar , C. Malarkodi , Arpita Roy , Tharani Munusamy , Ashish Kumar , Hendrix Yulis Setyawan , Kuldeep Sharma , Rajan Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium sulfide is one of the most vital materials, and this research discusses the environmentally friendly synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. Bacterial synthesis was utilized to produce cadmium sulfide nanoparticles within Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at four distinct concentrations. This study focused on generating CdS/ PVA films, where cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of varying sizes were dispersed within polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The PL (Photoluminescence) spectrum and UV–visible spectrum showed the CdS/PVA quantum confinement effect. TEM and XRD analyses demonstrate the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles and CdS films with a cubic phase embedded within the PVA matrix. The morphological changes between the nanocomposite clearly showed in the TEM images. Primarily spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were formed as observed in the SEM analysis, and it was found that the CdS/PVA nanocomposite are different like shapeless. FTIR spectrums of CdS/PVA nanocomposites in different concentration shows the participation of biomolecules in the nanocomposite’s formation. The prepared nanocomposite showed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Thus CdS/PVA nanocomposites can be used in many potential biomedical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101030"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm3, respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10-4, with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10-6 to 2.4 × 10-6. The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.
{"title":"Health risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dumpsites in southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya , Treasure Ejodamen Omotade , Okechukwu Solomon Ihuoma","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm<sup>3</sup>, respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10<sup>-6</sup> to 2.4 × 10<sup>-6</sup>. The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101028"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2024-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101036
E.Vinay Kumar , R. Harini , Anitha , B.E. Kumara Swamy , G. Nagaraju
One of the major risks to the ecosystem is the pollution of water resulting from organic dyes. For scientists, the elimination of dyes from water has remained a challenge. The development of heterostructure photocatalysts featuring enhanced photogenerated charge carriers has attracted significant interest in recent times. The development of a trustworthy, reliable, affordable, and environmentally friendly process for the fabrication of photocatalysts is the main motivation for this research project. In this research work, we presented the easy, affordable green solution combustion process for synthesizing ZnFe2O4-ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) using Btea monosperma leaves extract. The synthesized heterostructure is extensively characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, SEM EDX, and PL Spectroscopy. Studies on photoluminescence emission were conducted, and the CIE diagram revealed green emission. The characteristic green emission of ZFO NCs facilitates the tracing of LFPs on a variety of surfaces. Hence, ZFO NCs may therefore have use in the field of forensic sciences. Under visible light, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable 95 % degradation efficiency for Rose Bengal dye. Additionally, the ZnFe2O4-ZnO heterostructure’s reusability was examined, and even after four cycles, the level of photocatalytic activity did not drop much. Therefore, it is a potential photocatalyst for the processing of organic colours.
生态系统面临的主要风险之一是由有机染料引起的水污染。对科学家来说，从水中去除染料仍然是一个挑战。近年来，以增强型光生电荷载体为特征的异质结构光催化剂的发展引起了人们的广泛关注。开发一种值得信赖、可靠、经济、环保的光催化剂制造工艺是本研究项目的主要动机。在这项研究工作中，我们提出了一种简单、经济的绿色溶液燃烧方法来合成ZnFe2O4-ZnO纳米复合材料（NCs）。利用XRD， FT-IR, UV-Vis， SEM EDX和PL光谱对合成的异质结构进行了广泛的表征。对光致发光进行了研究，CIE图显示绿色发光。ZFO纳米材料的绿色发光特性使得lfp在各种表面上的示踪成为可能。因此，ZFO NCs因此可用于法医科学领域。在可见光下，该光催化剂对孟加拉玫瑰染料的降解效率达到了95%。此外，研究了ZnFe2O4-ZnO异质结构的可重复使用性，即使经过4次循环，其光催化活性水平也没有明显下降。因此，它是处理有机颜色的潜在光催化剂。
{"title":"One step facile green synthesis of ZnFe2O4-ZnO Nanocomposite: Efficient photocatalytic activity towards organic dyes under visible light and photoluminescence applications","authors":"E.Vinay Kumar , R. Harini , Anitha , B.E. Kumara Swamy , G. Nagaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One of the major risks to the ecosystem is the pollution of water resulting from organic dyes. For scientists, the elimination of dyes from water has remained a challenge. The development of heterostructure photocatalysts featuring enhanced photogenerated charge carriers has attracted significant interest in recent times. The development of a trustworthy, reliable, affordable, and environmentally friendly process for the fabrication of photocatalysts is the main motivation for this research project. In this research work, we presented the easy, affordable green solution combustion process for synthesizing ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) using <em>Btea monosperma</em> leaves extract. The synthesized heterostructure is extensively characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, SEM EDX, and PL Spectroscopy. Studies on photoluminescence emission were conducted, and the CIE diagram revealed green emission. The characteristic green emission of ZFO NCs facilitates the tracing of LFPs on a variety of surfaces. Hence, ZFO NCs may therefore have use in the field of forensic sciences. Under visible light, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable 95 % degradation efficiency for Rose Bengal dye. Additionally, the ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-ZnO heterostructure’s reusability was examined, and even after four cycles, the level of photocatalytic activity did not drop much. Therefore, it is a potential photocatalyst for the processing of organic colours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the past few decades, increased consumption of pharmaceuticals has led to the prevalence of the pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in various wastewater matrices. Amongst, analgesics are one of the most consumed classes of medicines. These analgesics have complex molecular structures and physicochemical properties that do not favor degradation by conventional biological processes. Furthermore, they pose significant toxicity towards the non-target species and have the potential to disrupt the aquatic environment. Hence, researchers have focused on advanced or tertiary treatment processes, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, and the Fenton process, to remove these recalcitrant analgesics. Although these processes can remove analgesics with a high removal efficiency of around 85%, they fail to perform well with raw wastewater. Hence, hybrid processes have emerged as a wholesome treatment solution for pharmaceutical-contaminated wastewater. In this context, this review paper covers the performance assessment and sustainability of different biological, advanced, and hybrid processes in treating analgesic-contaminated wastewater. It was observed that the biological process alone could only remove around 60–70%, while the average analgesic removal from synthetic water using adsorption, Fenton, and photocatalysis was more than 80%. However, hybrid processes like a combination of constructed wetlands and photocatalysis exhibited more than 80% removal from real wastewater and were more financially and environmentally sustainable. This review provides a comprehensive idea of how analgesics, in particular, are ubiquitous in the aqueous environment and suggests how they can be removed sustainably by providing a comprehensive overview of all existing treatment systems.
{"title":"Analgesics in wastewater matrix: A comprehensive review on occurrence, toxicity, and sustainability assessment of biological, tertiary, and hybrid treatment processes","authors":"Shalini Singh , Abhradeep Majumder , Pubali Mandal , Manoj Kumar Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past few decades, increased consumption of pharmaceuticals has led to the prevalence of the pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in various wastewater matrices. Amongst, analgesics are one of the most consumed classes of medicines. These analgesics have complex molecular structures and physicochemical properties that do not favor degradation by conventional biological processes. Furthermore, they pose significant toxicity towards the non-target species and have the potential to disrupt the aquatic environment. Hence, researchers have focused on advanced or tertiary treatment processes, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, and the Fenton process, to remove these recalcitrant analgesics. Although these processes can remove analgesics with a high removal efficiency of around 85%, they fail to perform well with raw wastewater. Hence, hybrid processes have emerged as a wholesome treatment solution for pharmaceutical-contaminated wastewater. In this context, this review paper covers the performance assessment and sustainability of different biological, advanced, and hybrid processes in treating analgesic-contaminated wastewater. It was observed that the biological process alone could only remove around 60–70%, while the average analgesic removal from synthetic water using adsorption, Fenton, and photocatalysis was more than 80%. However, hybrid processes like a combination of constructed wetlands and photocatalysis exhibited more than 80% removal from real wastewater and were more financially and environmentally sustainable. This review provides a comprehensive idea of how analgesics, in particular, are ubiquitous in the aqueous environment and suggests how they can be removed sustainably by providing a comprehensive overview of all existing treatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143105000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101058
Wojciech Zgłobicki, Małgorzata Telecka, Paulina Hałas, Małgorzata Bis
Information on the heavy metals content in urban soils is important for a comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution. A significant source of soil pollution can be traffic-related emissions. The objective of the study was to assess the spatial pattern, sources and level of soil pollution in medium-sized city (Lublin, E Poland). Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in 62 samples of road dust and 90 soil samples. We applied following: geochemical indices to determine the degree of pollution: (i) geoaccumulation index, (ii) pollution index and (iii) index of ecological risk factor. PCA and CA were also used to assess sources of pollution. Geochemical indices showed medium to high pollution of dust and roadside soils by Cu and Zn and high for Cd, Cu and Zn in post-industrial soils. The results of the statistical analyses indicated the same pollution sources for road dust and roadside soils. It is represented by transport-related emissions. There is no statistical relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in road dust and roadside soil pollution due to the nature of their accumulation − long-lasting in the case of soils. The air transport of heavy metals is carried out over a short distance. Elevated concentrations are found near the sources of the pollutants. Residential soils are not polluted by heavy metals.
{"title":"Impact of traffic and other sources on heavy metal pollution of urban soils (Lublin, Poland)","authors":"Wojciech Zgłobicki, Małgorzata Telecka, Paulina Hałas, Małgorzata Bis","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Information on the heavy metals content in urban soils is important for a comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution. A significant<!--> <!-->source of soil pollution can be traffic-related emissions. The objective of the study was to assess the spatial pattern, sources and level of soil pollution in medium-sized city (Lublin, E Poland). Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in 62 samples of road dust and 90 soil samples. We applied<!--> <!-->following: geochemical indices to determine the degree of pollution: (i) geoaccumulation index, (ii) pollution index and (iii) index of ecological risk factor. PCA and CA were also used to assess sources of pollution. Geochemical indices showed<!--> <!-->medium to high pollution of dust and roadside soils<!--> <!-->by Cu and Zn and high for Cd, Cu and Zn in post-industrial soils. The results of the statistical analyses indicated the same pollution sources for road dust and roadside soils. It is represented by transport-related emissions. There is no statistical relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in road dust and roadside soil pollution due to the nature of their accumulation − long-lasting in the case of soils. The air transport of heavy metals is carried out over a short distance. Elevated concentrations are found near the sources of the pollutants. Residential soils are not polluted by heavy metals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101045
Letícia Reggiane de Carvalho Costa , Keila Guerra Pacheco Nunes , Vanessa Jurado-Davila , Elvis Carissimi , Liliana Amaral Féris
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of modifying the rice husk ash particle surface using the ultrasonic technique. For this, a comparative analysis was performed on the paracetamol adsorption capacity using rice husk ash particles as adsorbents modified and non-modified by ultrasound-assisted method. Sorbent modification was carried out by exposing the rice husk ash to the ultrasound technique for a specified time (5, 15, 30 and 60 min). Also, it was characterized by surface area, pore diameter and volume, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform in infrared (FTIR). The adsorption parameters evaluated in batch-scale experiments were the contact time (0 to 60 min) and adsorbent concentration in solution (0 to 25 g.L-1). The results obtained showed that the ultrasound modification made the particle less reactive, requiring a higher concentration of adsorbent (when compared to the unmodified solid) to obtain the same amount of model pollutant removal. The maximum paracetamol removal obtained in the tests with the original rice husk ash was 90 % after 30 min of contact and solid concentration of 13 g.L-1. In the same contact time, for the rice husk ash modified in ultrasound, 20 g.L-1 were needed, reaching 100 % removal of the pharmaceutical. This result demonstrates the functionalization of the technique and a good performance and application of the solid as an adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds.
{"title":"Effect of ultrasound-assisted method to enhance rice husk ash adsorption characteristics for paracetamol removal","authors":"Letícia Reggiane de Carvalho Costa , Keila Guerra Pacheco Nunes , Vanessa Jurado-Davila , Elvis Carissimi , Liliana Amaral Féris","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of modifying the rice husk ash particle surface using the ultrasonic technique. For this, a comparative analysis was performed on the paracetamol adsorption capacity using rice husk ash particles as adsorbents modified and non-modified by ultrasound-assisted method. Sorbent modification was carried out by exposing the rice husk ash to the ultrasound technique for a specified time (5, 15, 30 and 60 min). Also, it was characterized by surface area, pore diameter and volume, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform in infrared (FTIR). The adsorption parameters evaluated in batch-scale experiments were the contact time (0 to 60 min) and adsorbent concentration in solution (0 to 25 g.L<sup>-1</sup>). The results obtained showed that the ultrasound modification made the particle less reactive, requiring a higher concentration of adsorbent (when compared to the unmodified solid) to obtain the same amount of model pollutant removal. The maximum paracetamol removal obtained in the tests with the original rice husk ash was 90 % after 30 min of contact and solid concentration of 13 g.L<sup>-1</sup>. In the same contact time, for the rice husk ash modified in ultrasound, 20 g.L<sup>-1</sup> were needed, reaching 100 % removal of the pharmaceutical. This result demonstrates the functionalization of the technique and a good performance and application of the solid as an adsorbent for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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