In this research work, Z scheme BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized through hydrothermal process and combined with thermal decomposition method. Numerous characterization techniques were utilized to examine the phase structure, functional groups, morphology, elemental composition, electronic structure and optical behaviour of as synthesized materials. The boosted light absorption capability of BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite which is accredited to the synergetic interaction between the BiOCl and g-C3N4 materials. The photocatalytic degradation efficacy of BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite over Rhodamine B (RhB) textile pollutant was exhibited 97 % within 100 min which is higher than the pristine BiOCl material. It’s caused by the active separation, allocation of electrons and holes and reduce the recombination. Five successive recycle process proved the stability and reusability of the material. Finally, This work demonstrates an enriched Z scheme BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite will deliver the impression of construct the Z scheme heterojunction photocatalyst to augment the photocatalytic activity in the occurrence of visible light.
{"title":"Novel Z-scheme BiOCl/g-C3N4 nanocomposite for high performance photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and charge carrier dynamics","authors":"Orawan Rojviroon , Gomathi Abimannan , Priyadharsan Arumugam , Maadeswaran Palanisamy , Ranjith Rajendran , Govarthini Ramasamy , Sanya Sirivithayapakorn , Natacha Phetyim , Thammasak Rojviroon","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research work, Z scheme BiOCl/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite was synthesized through hydrothermal process and combined with thermal decomposition method. Numerous characterization techniques were utilized to examine the phase structure, functional groups, morphology, elemental composition, electronic structure and optical behaviour of as synthesized materials. The boosted light absorption capability of BiOCl/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite which is accredited to the synergetic interaction between the BiOCl and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> materials. The photocatalytic degradation efficacy of BiOCl/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite over Rhodamine B (RhB) textile pollutant was exhibited 97 % within 100 min which is higher than the pristine BiOCl material. It’s caused by the active separation, allocation of electrons and holes and reduce the recombination. Five successive recycle process proved the stability and reusability of the material. Finally, This work demonstrates an enriched Z scheme BiOCl/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite will deliver the impression of construct the Z scheme heterojunction photocatalyst to augment the photocatalytic activity in the occurrence of visible light.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101106
Zainab Al Ansari , Maryam Al Shehhi , Linda Zou
A novel amphiphilic nanocomposite low-pressure membrane was fabricated by incorporating 2D nanomaterials MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and oleophilic MoS2 nanospheres into a cellulose polymer membrane substrate (CMN-MX), the hybrid nanocomposite membrane was used for oil droplets and toxic organic pollutant removal. The nanospheres of MoS2 and 2D layers of MXene were confirmed by SEM and EDX characterization. The membrane’s performance was evaluated using an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by lecithin, simulating petroleum-derived oily wastewater. The addition of MXene significantly improved petroleum removal efficiency to 89.45% and contributed catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further supported antifouling and partial degradation of dissolved organics. Further, the CMN-MX membrane was employed as a pre-treatment step before nanofiltration (NF). The coupled CMN-MX/NF system removed 95.79% of oil and 74.64% of toxic dichlorophenol (DCP), markedly higher than that by NF alone, and demonstrated 50% less flux decline, confirming the efficacy of this pretreatment strategy. This research offers a new pathway for using non-RO membranes to treat complex industrial wastewater. The coupled MXene-MoS2 Membrane/NF treatment offered adsorptive oil removal, catalytic decomposition and fouling mitigation, achieved efficient wastewater treatment.
{"title":"Coupled MXene-MoS2 membrane/NF treatment for oily wastewater","authors":"Zainab Al Ansari , Maryam Al Shehhi , Linda Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel amphiphilic nanocomposite low-pressure membrane was fabricated by incorporating 2D nanomaterials MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>) and oleophilic MoS<sub>2</sub> nanospheres into a cellulose polymer membrane substrate (CMN-MX), the hybrid nanocomposite membrane was used for oil droplets and toxic organic pollutant removal. The nanospheres of MoS<sub>2</sub> and 2D layers of MXene were confirmed by SEM and EDX characterization. The membrane’s performance was evaluated using an oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by lecithin, simulating petroleum-derived oily wastewater. The addition of MXene significantly improved petroleum removal efficiency to 89.45% and contributed catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which further supported antifouling and partial degradation of dissolved organics. Further, the CMN-MX membrane was employed as a pre-treatment step before nanofiltration (NF). The coupled CMN-MX/NF system removed 95.79% of oil and 74.64% of toxic dichlorophenol (DCP), markedly higher than that by NF alone, and demonstrated 50% less flux decline, confirming the efficacy of this pretreatment strategy. This research offers a new pathway for using non-RO membranes to treat complex industrial wastewater. The coupled MXene-MoS<sub>2</sub> Membrane/NF treatment offered adsorptive oil removal, catalytic decomposition and fouling mitigation, achieved efficient wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-15DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101094
Nurul Mutmainnah Ramlan , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Adnan Fatahillah Afiff , Maria M. Suliyanti , Dahlang Tahir
This study presents the development of a flexible Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate by combining Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD) on fiberglass (FG) substrates. GQD is synthesized using an electrolysis method, and Ag NPs are deposited onto the substrate via microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The resulting substrates, GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG and GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG, were used to detect Raman signals from three different dyes: Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The SERS results indicate that the GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG substrate exhibits higher sensitivity than GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG. The SERS signal is enhanced by 1.98–2.26 times and 2.54–3.53 times on the GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG and GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG substrates, respectively, due to the presence of GQD, indicating the significant role of GQD concentration in enhancing the Raman signal. This research highlights the potential of flexible SERS substrates for cost-effective, high-sensitivity detection, particularly in environmental and industrial applications.
本研究提出了在玻璃纤维（FG）衬底上结合银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）和石墨烯量子点（GQD）的柔性表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）衬底的开发。采用电解法合成了GQD，并通过微波辅助水热合成将银纳米粒子沉积在衬底上。所得底物GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG和gqd0.78% + Ag NPs @FG分别用于检测孔雀石绿（MG）、亚甲基蓝（MB）和Eriochrome Black T （EBT）三种不同染料的拉曼信号。SERS结果表明，gqd0.78% + Ag NPs @FG底物的灵敏度高于GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG底物。GQD的存在使GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG和gqd0.78% + Ag NPs @FG底物的SERS信号分别增强1.98 ~ 2.26倍和2.54 ~ 3.53倍，表明GQD浓度对拉曼信号的增强作用显著。这项研究强调了柔性SERS基板具有成本效益，高灵敏度检测的潜力，特别是在环境和工业应用中。
{"title":"Development of flexible SERS substrates based on silver nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots on fiberglass for enhanced dye detection","authors":"Nurul Mutmainnah Ramlan , Isnaeni Isnaeni , Adnan Fatahillah Afiff , Maria M. Suliyanti , Dahlang Tahir","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development of a flexible Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) substrate by combining Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQD) on fiberglass (FG) substrates. GQD is synthesized using an electrolysis method, and Ag NPs are deposited onto the substrate via microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The resulting substrates, GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG and GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG, were used to detect Raman signals from three different dyes: Malachite Green (MG), Methylene Blue (MB), and Eriochrome Black T (EBT). The SERS results indicate that the GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG substrate exhibits higher sensitivity than GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG. The SERS signal is enhanced by 1.98–2.26 times and 2.54–3.53 times on the GQD25% + Ag NPs @FG and GQD0.78 % + Ag NPs @FG substrates, respectively, due to the presence of GQD, indicating the significant role of GQD concentration in enhancing the Raman signal. This research highlights the potential of flexible SERS substrates for cost-effective, high-sensitivity detection, particularly in environmental and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101092
Eman Ayman Nada , Mallak Eyad Abu Kaddorah , Mazen El Jamal , Amal Hamad , Fotouh R. Mansour
There has been substantial interest in using eggshell waste for the creation of environmentally-friendly products. This review discusses on the synthesis and examination of nanoparticles obtained from eggshells, with a particular focus on their suitability for usage in environmental and catalytic settings. Calcination and mechanical grinding are acknowledged as effective techniques for generating eggshell nanoparticles. Calcination is a high-temperature process that converts calcium carbonate (CaCO3) into calcium oxide (CaO). On the other hand, mechanical grinding is a method used to decrease the size of particles to the nanoscale. The text examines different methods employed for characterization, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for evaluating thermal stability, zeta potential for assessing surface charge and stability, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identifying crystal structure, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting functional groups, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for determining elemental composition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for analyzing particle size distribution, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for visualizing surface morphology. The produced nano-hydroxyapatite shows promise as an adsorbent for effectively eliminating arsenic and heavy metals from water systems, hence contributing to sustainable waste management and advancements in materials. This work offers a thorough comprehension of the procedure involved in producing and examining eggshell nanoparticles. Acquiring this information is crucial for effectively utilizing them in environmental remediation and catalytic processes.
{"title":"Eggshell waste as a sustainable resource for nanoparticle preparation; synthesis, characterization and applications","authors":"Eman Ayman Nada , Mallak Eyad Abu Kaddorah , Mazen El Jamal , Amal Hamad , Fotouh R. Mansour","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been substantial interest in using eggshell waste for the creation of environmentally-friendly products. This review discusses on the synthesis and examination of nanoparticles obtained from eggshells, with a particular focus on their suitability for usage in environmental and catalytic settings. Calcination and mechanical grinding are acknowledged as effective techniques for generating eggshell nanoparticles. Calcination is a high-temperature process that converts calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>) into calcium oxide (CaO). On the other hand, mechanical grinding is a method used to decrease the size of particles to the nanoscale. The text examines different methods employed for characterization, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for evaluating thermal stability, zeta potential for assessing surface charge and stability, X-ray diffraction (XRD) for identifying crystal structure, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting functional groups, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for determining elemental composition, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for analyzing particle size distribution, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for visualizing surface morphology. The produced nano-hydroxyapatite shows promise as an adsorbent for effectively eliminating arsenic and heavy metals from water systems, hence contributing to sustainable waste management and advancements in materials. This work offers a thorough comprehension of the procedure involved in producing and examining eggshell nanoparticles. Acquiring this information is crucial for effectively utilizing them in environmental remediation and catalytic processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101091
Masih Darbandi, Hadis Asadi, At-har Najafi
The world’s waters threatened by the dual forces of demographic growth and industrial expansion. Advanced oxidation techniques, particularly photocatalytic processes, offer a practical and eco-friendly solution to this problem by decomposing organic contaminants, providing a cleaner and safer aquatic environment. Doping of iron(III) ions through the ball milling method was applied to study the activity of nanoparticles (NPs) in the visible spectrum. Advanced techniques were employed to characterize synthesized NPs, utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The synthesized NPs exhibit a consistent mesoporous structure, as demonstrated by the experimental findings. Research findings indicate that the application of sonocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic techniques significantly reduced amoxicillin (AMX), a pharmaceutical pollutant, levels by 46.26%, 60.34%, and 83.14%, respectively, within the one-hour timeframe when utilizing Co3O4/Fe3+ NPs. The 40.37% synergistic effect demonstrated the doped NPs’ efficiency. Additionally, the experimental data strongly aligns with the pseudo-second-order equation, confirming the reaction’s adherence to second-order kinetics. Scavengers like formic acid, disodium oxalate, and isopropanol demonstrated a reduction impact, slowing down the degradation rate by 29.44%, 36.62%, and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, across all four cycles, the negligible decline in the degradation rate confirmed the Co3O4/Fe3+ NPs’ reusability and performance.
{"title":"Evaluating the sonophotocatalytic activity of Fe(III) doped cobalt oxide nanoparticles prepared by planetary ball milling method in the degradation of amoxicillin as a pollutant","authors":"Masih Darbandi, Hadis Asadi, At-har Najafi","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world’s waters threatened by the dual forces of demographic growth and industrial expansion. Advanced oxidation techniques, particularly photocatalytic processes, offer a practical and eco-friendly solution to this problem by decomposing organic contaminants, providing a cleaner and safer aquatic environment. Doping of iron(III) ions through the ball milling method was applied to study the activity of nanoparticles (NPs) in the visible spectrum. Advanced techniques were employed to characterize synthesized NPs, utilizing Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The synthesized NPs exhibit a consistent mesoporous structure, as demonstrated by the experimental findings. Research findings indicate that the application of sonocatalytic, photocatalytic, and sonophotocatalytic techniques significantly reduced amoxicillin (AMX), a pharmaceutical pollutant, levels by 46.26%, 60.34%, and 83.14%, respectively, within the one-hour timeframe when utilizing Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> NPs. The 40.37% synergistic effect demonstrated the doped NPs’ efficiency. Additionally, the experimental data strongly aligns with the pseudo-second-order equation, confirming the reaction’s adherence to second-order kinetics. Scavengers like formic acid, disodium oxalate, and isopropanol demonstrated a reduction impact, slowing down the degradation rate by 29.44%, 36.62%, and 74%, respectively. Furthermore, across all four cycles, the negligible decline in the degradation rate confirmed the Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> NPs’ reusability and performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The summary of this review paper addresses the pressing issue of nitrate contamination in water sources, increasing concern primarily due to agricultural runoff and industrial waste. Elevated nitrate levels pose significant risks to both human health, such as methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), and aquatic ecosystems through processes like eutrophication. The paper examines the potential of carbon composite-based electrocatalytic electrodes, particularly those incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for effectively removing nitrates from contaminated water. The review uniquely contributes by analyzing nitrate reduction mechanisms, rGO’s catalytic role, electrode fabrication challenges, operational stability, pilot-scale implementation, and pathways for industrial adoption of rGO-based electrocatalysts. The high surface area of these materials makes them interesting, have superior conductivity, and excellent catalytic properties, which enhance their ability to adsorb and reduce nitrate ions. It demonstrates how major advancements in carbon composites have improved the effectiveness and selectivity of nitrate reduction, demonstrating their potential for real-world applications. However, challenges remain, particularly about scalability, the durability of the materials, and the unwanted production of by-products like ammonia during the reduction process. The further research is necessary to overcome these challenges by focusing on the development of more stable, scalable, and cost-effective materials. Reducing harmful by-products will also be essential for practical industrial applications. Advancements in this field will contribute to sustainable water treatment and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal, which focuses on clean water and sanitation.
{"title":"rGO/Carbon composite-based electrocatalytic electrodes for efficient nitrate adsorption and reduction − current challenges and future perspective","authors":"Krishnan Vancheeswaran Prasad , Rachel Angeline Lenin , Mohanraj Kumar , Jih-Hsing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The summary of this review paper addresses the pressing issue of nitrate contamination in water sources, increasing concern primarily due to agricultural runoff and industrial waste. Elevated nitrate levels pose significant risks to both human health, such as methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), and aquatic ecosystems through processes like eutrophication. The paper examines the potential of carbon composite-based electrocatalytic electrodes, particularly those incorporating reduced graphene oxide (rGO), for effectively removing nitrates from contaminated water. The review uniquely contributes by analyzing nitrate reduction mechanisms, rGO’s catalytic role, electrode fabrication challenges, operational stability, pilot-scale implementation, and pathways for industrial adoption of rGO-based electrocatalysts. The high surface area of these materials makes them interesting, have superior conductivity, and excellent catalytic properties, which enhance their ability to adsorb and reduce nitrate ions. It demonstrates how major advancements in carbon composites have improved the effectiveness and selectivity of nitrate reduction, demonstrating their potential for real-world applications. However, challenges remain, particularly about scalability, the durability of the materials, and the unwanted production of by-products like ammonia during the reduction process. The further research is necessary to overcome these challenges by focusing on the development of more stable, scalable, and cost-effective materials. Reducing harmful by-products will also be essential for practical industrial applications. Advancements in this field will contribute to sustainable water treatment and the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal, which focuses on clean water and sanitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-04-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101068
Vinod Kumar K.P. , Kumar A. , Karthik B.
Gross alpha and beta radiations for the samples of soil and water collected from the Valliyaru river in southern India were determined. Alpha radiation counting system, RC 605A for measuring gross alpha values was employed that revealed a maximum value of 0.843 Bq/L and 12491 Bq/Kg in water and soil respectively. Beta counting system, BCS 36A had given a maximum value of 0.32 Bq/L and 58594 Bq/Kg for water and soil respectively. Gamma determination was detected by IdentiFINDER-X that showed a maximum value of 3.78 µSv/h. These high values pertaining to radiations were prevailing only at Kadiapattanam village in Tamil Nadu, India, where the river confluences with the sea. Cluster analysis and the hierarchical dendrogram identify two distinct groups of radioactivity within the dataset: one near the sea and the other along various sites along the course of the Valliyaru River. Heat map analysis revealed that radioactivity of water and soil are correlated positively. One-way Anova results reflected that the radioactivity values are statistically different for soil and water. Annual effective doses (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were also computed that reflected safe levels at sites other than Kadiapattanam. The investigation revealed that upstream sites are within safe limits, whereas at the place of confluence with the sea, radioactivity values exceed beyond permissible limits.
{"title":"Radioactivity in surface soil and water around the Valliyaru river","authors":"Vinod Kumar K.P. , Kumar A. , Karthik B.","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gross alpha and beta radiations for the samples of soil and water collected from the Valliyaru river in southern India were determined. Alpha radiation counting system, RC 605A for measuring gross alpha values was employed that revealed a maximum value of 0.843 Bq/L and 12491 Bq/Kg in water and soil respectively. Beta counting system, BCS 36A had given a maximum value of 0.32 Bq/L and 58594 Bq/Kg for water and soil respectively. Gamma determination was detected by IdentiFINDER-X that showed a maximum value of 3.78 µSv/h. These high values pertaining to radiations were prevailing only at Kadiapattanam village in Tamil Nadu, India, where the river confluences with the sea. Cluster analysis and the hierarchical dendrogram identify two distinct groups of radioactivity within the dataset: one near the sea and the other along various sites along the course of the Valliyaru River. Heat map analysis revealed that radioactivity of water and soil are correlated positively. One-way Anova results reflected that the radioactivity values are statistically different for soil and water. Annual effective doses (AED) and excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) were also computed that reflected safe levels at sites other than Kadiapattanam. The investigation revealed that upstream sites are within safe limits, whereas at the place of confluence with the sea, radioactivity values exceed beyond permissible limits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143823995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101062
Sunita Boruah , Seiko Jose
Incorporation of nanoparticles into textiles brings significant functional properties while maintaining flexibility. Today, nano textiles are employed in various sectors such as sports, healthcare, and protection. Nonetheless, nanotechnology is seen to have the ability to change the current status of technologies dramatically; there is concern about its effects on the human and environment. The first part lays down the basics of nanoparticles’ toxicology while stressing that future studies must fully characterize nanoparticles and how they interact, become bioactive, and pose threats to humans and the environment. This review article discusses the environmental and safety aspects of nanomaterials while incorporating in textiles. The current regulations regarding nanomaterials in textiles such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) highlight the need for processes covering and measuring nanoparticles is focused. Also, it considers the integration of green nanotechnology, provides recommendations for the safe usage of nanotechnology to eradicate negative outcomes on the environment, and suggests the use of natural and recyclable items. By illustration of real-life applications, the review shows that sustainability and applicability of nanoparticles could go hand in hand for further developments such as smart and responsive textiles, as well as catering to the future aspects of nanotechnology in textiles.
{"title":"Nanotechnology in textiles: Environmental safety and sustainable practices","authors":"Sunita Boruah , Seiko Jose","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Incorporation of nanoparticles into textiles brings significant functional properties while maintaining flexibility. Today, nano textiles are employed in various sectors such as sports, healthcare, and protection. Nonetheless, nanotechnology is seen to have the ability to change the current status of technologies dramatically; there is concern about its effects on the human and environment. The first part lays down the basics of nanoparticles’ toxicology while stressing that future studies must fully characterize nanoparticles and how they interact, become bioactive, and pose threats to humans and the environment. This review article discusses the environmental and safety aspects of nanomaterials while incorporating in textiles. The current regulations regarding nanomaterials in textiles such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals), EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), and OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) highlight the need for processes covering and measuring nanoparticles is focused. Also, it considers the integration of green nanotechnology, provides recommendations for the safe usage of nanotechnology to eradicate negative outcomes on the environment, and suggests the use of natural and recyclable items. By illustration of real-life applications, the review shows that sustainability and applicability of nanoparticles could go hand in hand for further developments such as smart and responsive textiles, as well as catering to the future aspects of nanotechnology in textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimony (Sb) is a redox sensitive metalloid increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant of global concern due to its toxicity and widespread occurrence in natural and anthropogenically impacted water systems. It is commonly found in both drinking and wastewater, where it poses potential risks to human health. Magnetite nanoparticles, known as active retention agents for redox-sensitive contaminants, are combined here with polymeric matrices to ease their application in water treatment systems and to enhance their stability, dispersibility, and sorption efficiency. In this study, we assess Sb retention using hydrogel-nanomagnetite aggregates, with and without chitosan coating, under flow-through microfluidic conditions that mimic natural and engineered aquatic environments. Advanced synchrotron-based μ-XRF mapping and μ-XANES spectroscopy were employed for the first time to such integrated system to simultaneously resolve the spatial distribution and oxidation state of sorbed Sb. Antimonate immobilization followed two distinct, input concentration-dependent pathways: (i) reduction to Sb(III), forming stable inner-sphere Fe–O–Sb complexes, or (ii) adsorption via electrostatic and complexation mechanisms. At low Sb(V) concentrations reduction is favored in chitosan-free aggregates, enabling homogeneous Sb(III) diffusion through the media. At higher concentrations, and particularly in chitosan-coated systems, Sb(V) is immobilized predominantly via adsorption, accumulating on the rim of the aggregates. Chitosan enhances Sb(V) sorption by providing positively charged functional groups and, along with pH and Sb input concentration, controls Sb sorption processes. These findings deepen the understanding of Sb retention mechanisms through redox and sorption interactions in polymer-supported magnetite systems, as revealed using microfluidics technology, and provide a new foundation for the development of advanced water treatment technologies with international relevance for mitigating redox-sensitive contaminants.
{"title":"Antimony retention and transformation: a novel approach using microfluidics and hydrogel, biocomposite nanomagnetite aggregates","authors":"Evgenia-Maria Papaslioti , Hervé Tabuteau , Julien Farasin , Delphine Vantelon , Valerie Magnin , Laurent Charlet","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimony (Sb) is a redox sensitive metalloid increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant of global concern due to its toxicity and widespread occurrence in natural and anthropogenically impacted water systems. It is commonly found in both drinking and wastewater, where it poses potential risks to human health. Magnetite nanoparticles, known as active retention agents for redox-sensitive contaminants, are combined here with polymeric matrices to ease their application in water treatment systems and to enhance their stability, dispersibility, and sorption efficiency. In this study, we assess Sb retention using hydrogel-nanomagnetite aggregates, with and without chitosan coating, under flow-through microfluidic conditions that mimic natural and engineered aquatic environments. Advanced synchrotron-based μ-XRF mapping and μ-XANES spectroscopy were employed for the first time to such integrated system to simultaneously resolve the spatial distribution and oxidation state of sorbed Sb. Antimonate immobilization followed two distinct, input concentration-dependent pathways: (i) reduction to Sb(III), forming stable inner-sphere Fe–O–Sb complexes, or (ii) adsorption via electrostatic and complexation mechanisms. At low Sb(V) concentrations reduction is favored in chitosan-free aggregates, enabling homogeneous Sb(III) diffusion through the media. At higher concentrations, and particularly in chitosan-coated systems, Sb(V) is immobilized predominantly via adsorption, accumulating on the rim of the aggregates. Chitosan enhances Sb(V) sorption by providing positively charged functional groups and, along with pH and Sb input concentration, controls Sb sorption processes. These findings deepen the understanding of Sb retention mechanisms through redox and sorption interactions in polymer-supported magnetite systems, as revealed using microfluidics technology, and provide a new foundation for the development of advanced water treatment technologies with international relevance for mitigating redox-sensitive contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthetic dyes have the potential to negatively affect aquatic ecosystems by lowering oxygen levels, interfering with photosynthesis, and decreasing sunlight penetration, all of which are hazardous for aquatic life. Many kinds of nanoparticles, including metal oxides, metal organic frameworks, silver and gold nanoparticles, are used to break down dye, but they still have certain drawbacks, including accumulation, stability issues, expense, and harmful chemical waste. Therefore, among the several kinds of green sources, green synthesis of silica nanoparticles is a novel and environmentally benign technique that has attracted a lot of interest due to its potential for environmental remediation, especially in the degradation of dyes. High surface area and porosity, two distinctive features of the produced silica nanoparticles, increase their catalytic activity in the degradation of dyes. Green synthesis of SNPs from different sources by following various methods along with their structure, particle size, surface area, and purity has been reported by multiple studies. The excellent photodegradation capabilities of SNPs and their composites under different light sources (such as sunlight, LED lamp, xenon lamp, and mercury lamp), along with the reaction time, reaction kinetics, and pH condition, have been documented by multiple studies. This thorough study aims to support researchers with a better understanding of this cost-effective, simple, and eco-friendly research area and to follow this to synthesize SNPs for future studies.
{"title":"A comprehensive study on silica nanoparticles: Green synthesis and photodegradation of organic dyes","authors":"Suman , Gita Rani , Siddharth , Sakshi Choudhary , Rachna Ahlawat","doi":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic dyes have the potential to negatively affect aquatic ecosystems by lowering oxygen levels, interfering with photosynthesis, and decreasing sunlight penetration, all of which are hazardous for aquatic life. Many kinds of nanoparticles, including metal oxides, metal organic frameworks, silver and gold nanoparticles, are used to break down dye, but they still have certain drawbacks, including accumulation, stability issues, expense, and harmful chemical waste. Therefore, among the several kinds of green sources, green synthesis of silica nanoparticles is a novel and environmentally benign technique that has attracted a lot of interest due to its potential for environmental remediation, especially in the degradation of dyes. High surface area and porosity, two distinctive features of the produced silica nanoparticles, increase their catalytic activity in the degradation of dyes. Green synthesis of SNPs from different sources by following various methods along with their structure, particle size, surface area, and purity has been reported by multiple studies. The excellent photodegradation capabilities of SNPs and their composites under different light sources (such as sunlight, LED lamp, xenon lamp, and mercury lamp), along with the reaction time, reaction kinetics, and pH condition, have been documented by multiple studies. This thorough study aims to support researchers with a better understanding of this cost-effective, simple, and eco-friendly research area and to follow this to synthesize SNPs for future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11716,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143104513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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