Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献_第5页

Simultaneous LC-MS/MS determination of multi-class emerging contaminants in an orange plant system LC-MS/MS同时测定柑橘植物体系中多类新发污染物

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101077

Mahdiyeh Otoukesh, Claudia Simarro-Gimeno, Félix Hernández, Elena Pitarch

As freshwater supplies decline, agriculture is turning to alternative sources like recycled wastewater for irrigation. However, treated wastewater may still contain organic micropollutants (OMPs), which can contaminate soil, be absorbed by crops, and enter the food chain. This raises the need for analytical methods to reliable identify and quantify OMPs in vegetable and soil matrices at low concentrations. Additionally, advanced wastewater treatment methods are necessary to minimize OMPs in effluents from conventional wastewater treatment plants.

This study, part of a broader project on recycled wastewater for irrigating orange fields, focused on developing a modified QuEChERS method to determine 18 pesticides and 15 pharmaceuticals in soil, orange leaves and fruits. Compounds were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with a triple quadrupole. The methods were validated at two fortification levels (1–5 and 10–50 ng g⁻¹). Matrix effects were evaluated, showing a minimal impact in soil, but significant effects (> 20 %) in oranges and leaves, requiring matrix-matched calibration and/or isotopically labeled internal standards for accurate correction. The recoveries for most compounds were within 70–120 %, with relative standard deviations under 20 %, and limits of quantification ranged 1–5 ng g⁻¹.

In real samples, the insecticide acetamiprid was the most bioaccumulated contaminant, exceeding 20 ng g⁻¹ in leaves. Eleven pesticides were detected at concentrations below the limit of quantification, and the pharmaceutical atorvastatin was found in a soil sample.

随着淡水供应的减少，农业正在转向替代水源，如回收废水用于灌溉。然而，处理后的废水可能仍含有有机微污染物（OMPs），这些污染物会污染土壤，被作物吸收并进入食物链。这增加了对分析方法的需求，以可靠地识别和量化蔬菜和土壤基质中低浓度的omp。此外，必须采用先进的废水处理方法，以最大限度地减少传统废水处理厂流出物中的omp。这项研究是一个更广泛的柑橘田灌溉回收废水项目的一部分，其重点是开发一种改进的QuEChERS方法，以测定土壤、柑橘叶和果实中的18种农药和15种药物。采用液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法对化合物进行定量分析。在两种强化水平（1 - 5和10-50 ng g−1）下验证了该方法。对基质效应进行了评价，表明基质效应对土壤的影响很小，但效果显著(>；20%)，需要基质匹配校准和/或同位素标记的内标进行准确校正。加样回收率在70 ~ 120%之间，相对标准偏差在20%以内，定量限为1 ~ 5 ng g−1。在实际样品中，杀虫剂啶虫脒是生物积累最多的污染物，在叶片中超过20 ng g−1。11种农药的浓度低于定量限制，在土壤样本中发现了药物阿托伐他汀。

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引用次数: 0

Nano-Chitosan coated sand: A sustainable superadsorbent for removal of heavy metals and dye particles from industrial effluents 纳米壳聚糖包覆砂：用于去除工业废水中的重金属和染料颗粒的可持续超吸附剂

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101076

Md. Nuruzzaman, Md. Ibrahim H. Mondal

Nano-chitosan-coated sand adsorbent was prepared by coating chitosan nanoparticles onto treated Padma River sand. CNPs were produced through the application of ionotropic gelation methodology. The effects of parameters such as pHs, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures were examined on the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacities of brilliant green, methylene blue, reactive brown dyes, chromium, and nickel heavy metal ions by NCCS were observed at a temperature of 318 K, which were 5.001 mg/g, 8.012 mg/g, 6.386 mg/g, 48.387 mg/g, and 24.258 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that the adsorption was monolayer. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic across the temperature ranges. As the reaction kinetics analysis indicated, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of NCCS is exceptionally high, allowing for the effective capture and removal of a diverse array of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, consequently contributing to the advancement of environmental remediation and pollution abatement initiatives.

将壳聚糖纳米颗粒包覆在处理过的帕德玛河砂上，制备了壳聚糖纳米包覆砂吸附剂。CNPs是通过应用离子化凝胶法制备的。考察了ph值、吸附剂用量、接触时间、初始染料浓度和温度等参数对最大吸附量的影响。在318 K温度下，NCCS对亮绿、亚甲基蓝、活性棕、铬、镍等重金属离子的最大吸附量分别为5.001 mg/g、8.012 mg/g、6.386 mg/g、48.387 mg/g和24.258 mg/g。吸附过程符合Langmuir等温线，表明吸附为单层吸附。在整个温度范围内，吸附过程是自发的吸热过程。反应动力学分析表明，吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。NCCS的吸附能力非常高，可以有效地捕获和去除水溶液中的各种重金属和染料，从而有助于促进环境修复和污染减排举措。

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引用次数: 0

Toxicity analysis and degradation studies of chlorpyrifos in agricultural wastewater using magnesium ferrite-gelatin nanocomposites 铁酸镁-明胶纳米复合材料对毒死蜱在农业废水中的毒性分析及降解研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101075

Adhithya S , K.P. Anupama Raj , Asha Sathish , K. Nithya

In addressing the pressing environmental challenge of Chlorpyrifos (CPF) contamination in agricultural wastewater, we successfully synthesized a novel organic/inorganic bio-adsorbent known as Magnesium-Ferrite Gelatin (MFGEL) nanocomposites using a co-precipitation method. To thoroughly investigate this issue, we collected agricultural wastewater from various locations near Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, and employed the QuEChERS method followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Our results confirmed that CPF concentrations exceeded the permissible limits established by the EU and USEPA. From our calibration curve, we determined the limit of detection (LOD) to be 0.0225 mg/L and the limit of quantification (LOQ) to be 0.0683 mg/L, demonstrating the sensitivity of our method. Batch studies on the MFGEL nanocomposites revealed a removal efficiency of 99 % for CPF under optimized conditions. Elemental analysis using Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) provided clear evidence of effective CPF adsorption, identifying the presence of chlorine, phosphorus, and sulfur within the MFGEL structure. Our characterization studies showed a significant reduction in crystallinity, confirming the formation of an amorphous structure due to gelatin’s interference in MFGEL. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis displayed a rough and highly porous surface with irregular shapes, highlighting the effectiveness of the adsorption process. Furthermore, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated that MFGEL possesses a mesoporous structure with a surface area of 30.652 m2/g. The results from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy analyses further revealed that gelatin in MFGEL introduces functional groups (such as O–H, N–H, and amide groups) that significantly enhance interaction with CPF. In addition, the ferrite component facilitates additional binding through surface complexation. Our reusability studies demonstrate that MFGEL maintains outstanding performance, retaining an adsorption efficiency of 98.7 % to 87 % and a regeneration efficiency of 96 % to 81 % over five cycles. This emphasizes the remarkable effectiveness and robustness of the MFGEL nanocomposite for CPF remediation in agricultural wastewater.

为了解决农业废水中毒死蜱（CPF）污染的紧迫环境挑战，我们成功地采用共沉淀法合成了一种新型的有机/无机生物吸附剂镁铁氧体明胶（MFGEL）纳米复合材料。为了深入研究这一问题，我们收集了泰米尔纳德邦哥印拜陀附近不同地点的农业废水，并采用QuEChERS方法和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析。我们的结果证实CPF浓度超过了欧盟和美国环保局规定的允许限度。结果表明，该方法的检出限为0.0225 mg/L，定量限为0.0683 mg/L，具有较高的灵敏度。对MFGEL纳米复合材料的批量研究表明，在优化条件下，CPF的去除率达到99%。使用能量色散x射线光谱（EDX）进行元素分析提供了CPF有效吸附的明确证据，确定了MFGEL结构中氯、磷和硫的存在。我们的表征研究表明结晶度显著降低，证实了由于明胶在MFGEL中的干扰而形成的无定形结构。扫描电镜（SEM）分析显示了一个粗糙的、不规则形状的高多孔表面，突出了吸附过程的有效性。此外，BET （brunauer - emmet - teller）分析表明，MFGEL具有介孔结构，比表面积为30.652 m2/g。傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）和拉曼光谱分析结果进一步表明，MFGEL中的明胶引入了功能基团（如O-H， N-H和酰胺基团），显著增强了与CPF的相互作用。此外，铁氧体组分通过表面络合促进附加结合。我们的重复使用研究表明，MFGEL保持了出色的性能，在五个循环中保持了98.7%至87%的吸附效率和96%至81%的再生效率。这强调了MFGEL纳米复合材料对农业废水CPF修复的显著有效性和稳健性。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis approach on fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticle using peel extract of Baccaurea racemosa for photocatalytic degradation of Acid Red-185 用总状巴氏菌皮提取物制备光催化降解酸性红-185的TiO2纳米颗粒的绿色合成方法

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101074

Deliza , Sri Lungguh Rahayu , Agus Rimus Liandi , Reza Audina Putri , Safni Safni

When it comes to fabricating metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), green synthesis stands out as a dependable, sustainable, eco-friendly, and remarkable substitute for the more effective and classical chemical processes. This study prepared and investigated green synthesis on fabrication of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) utilizing peel extract of Baccaurea racemosa and evaluated its photocatalytic activity. The XRD patterns demonstrated the highly crystalline structure of anatase TiO₂ with nanocrystallite size obtained about 8 nm. FESEM image confirmed spherical-shaped of TiO₂ with nanosized about 32 nm and showed that prepared TiO₂ was a stable particle from zeta potential data. The phytochemical components in the peel extract were in responsibility of the capping and reducing agents in the production of TiO₂, as indicated by the FTIR spectra. This study showed that Baccaurea racemosa waste may be a viable reducing and capping agent in synthesis of TiO₂-NPs. Furthermore, the prepared TiO₂ exhibited high photocatalytic activity and 99 % degraded the Acid Red-185 dye which fitted pseudo first order kinetics.

当涉及到制造金属氧化物纳米颗粒（NPs）时，绿色合成作为一种可靠、可持续、环保和显着的替代更有效和经典的化学过程而脱颖而出。本研究利用总形假葡萄皮提取物制备并研究了绿色合成制备二氧化钛纳米粒子（TiO2 NPs），并对其光催化活性进行了评价。XRD谱图显示了锐钛矿型TiO2的高结晶结构，纳米晶尺寸约为8 nm。FESEM图像证实TiO2为球形，纳米尺寸约为32 nm， zeta电位数据表明制备的TiO2是稳定的颗粒。FTIR光谱显示，果皮提取物中的植物化学成分在TiO2的生成过程中起封顶作用和还原剂作用。本研究表明，总状芽孢杆菌废物可能是合成TiO2-NPs的一种可行的还原和封盖剂。制备的TiO2具有较高的光催化活性，对酸性红-185染料的降解率达到99%，符合准一级动力学。

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引用次数: 0

Butachlor contamination in surface water and sediment: Assessing human health, ecological risks, and environmental implications of the Bontanga irrigation scheme in the Northern region of Ghana 地表水和沉积物中的丁草胺污染：评估加纳北部地区Bontanga灌溉计划的人类健康、生态风险和环境影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101073

Mohammed Alhassan, Gerheart Winfred Ashong, Boansi Adu Ababio, Edward Ebow Kwaansa–Ansah

The Bontanga Irrigation Scheme in Ghana’s Kumbungu District, vital for local agriculture, faces significant ecological and health risks from Butachlor, an herbicide used in rice plantations. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of surface water, measure Butachlor concentrations in surface water and sediment, assess ecological risks, and estimate human health effects. A total of 100 water samples, 50 sediment samples were collected, and 50 farmers were interviewed about pesticide use. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, temperature, and turbidity were measured using standard analytical methods. Butachlor levels in surface water and sediment were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results indicated that all physicochemical parameters in the water samples were within WHO limits. However, Butachlor concentrations ranged from 4.74 µg/L to 118.85 µg/L, exceeding the EFSA threshold of 0.5 µg/L, while sediment samples were below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L. The toxic unit (TU) method revealed a medium acute risk to algae (0.28) and fish (0.13) and a low acute risk to aquatic invertebrates (0.02). The risk quotient (RQ) method indicated a high chronic risk to aquatic biota in surface water, though the non-carcinogenic health risk (HQ) to humans was minimal (HQ < 1). Butachlor residues may pose significant health risks, including neurological, respiratory, and reproductive disorders. This study recommends implementing Integrated Pesticide Management policies, developing pest-resistant plant species, proper disposal of pesticide containers, and educating farmers on pesticide usage. Future research should focus on Butachlor’s long-term effects on aquatic biota, alternative pest control strategies, and measures to reduce residues, protecting both wildlife and human health.

加纳Kumbungu区的Bontanga灌溉计划对当地农业至关重要，但却面临水稻种植中使用的除草剂buachlor带来的重大生态和健康风险。本研究旨在评估地表水的理化参数，测量地表水和沉积物中丁草胺的浓度，评估生态风险，评估对人体健康的影响。共采集水样100份，沉积物样50份，并对50名农民进行农药使用情况访谈。物理化学参数，如pH值，总溶解固体，电导率，温度和浊度使用标准分析方法进行测量。采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）测定了地表水和沉积物中丁草胺的含量。结果表明，水样理化指标均在WHO标准范围内。然而，丁草胺的浓度范围在4.74µg/L至118.85µg/L之间，超过了欧洲食品安全局0.5µg/L的阈值，而沉积物样品低于0.01 mg/L的检出限。毒性单位（TU）法显示，藻类（0.28）和鱼类（0.13）的急性风险中等，水生无脊椎动物（0.02）的急性风险较低。风险商（RQ）法显示地表水对水生生物群的慢性风险很高，但对人类的非致癌健康风险（HQ）很小(HQ <；1).丁草胺残留可能造成重大健康风险，包括神经、呼吸和生殖障碍。本研究建议实施农药综合管理政策，开发抗虫植物品种，妥善处理农药容器，并对农民进行农药使用教育。未来的研究应侧重于丁草胺对水生生物群的长期影响、替代虫害防治策略以及减少残留的措施，以保护野生动物和人类健康。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication of post-synthetic modified Fe (III)-based metal organic framework for the electrochemical detection of 4-amino phenol 合成后改性Fe （III）基金属有机骨架的制备及其电化学检测4-氨基酚的研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101072

Diksha , Anjali , Anu Prathap M. Udayan , Balwinder Kaur , Anita Gupta , Megha , Veeranna Yempally , Harminder Kaur

4-Aminophenol (4-AP) is an aromatic compound with reactive hydroxyl and amino groups. It is widely used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymer stabilizers but poses significant environmental and health hazards. Therefore, developing a reliable method for the detection of trace amounts of 4-AP is crucial. This study focuses on the fabrication of a cost-effective electrochemical sensor for 4-AP based on the post-synthetic modification of Fe-MIL-101-NH₂. The sensor demonstrated a linear detection range of 0.5–400 µM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.12 µM and a sensitivity value of 0.29 µA/µM/cm² under optimized conditions. The synergistic effect of Fe-MIL-101-NH₂, the Schiff base, and nickel enhances its electronic properties, including reduced band gap energy, lower charge transfer resistance, and improved conductivity, leading to superior redox behavior of 4-AP. Key features of the sensor include high sensitivity, favorable selectivity, outstanding stability, and excellent reusability. It exhibits minimal interference from common organic and inorganic species, making it suitable for real-world applications. The use of earth-abundant materials further underscores its cost-effectiveness and environmental sustainability. The sensor has been applied in detecting 4-AP in tap water and paracetamol samples and achieved positive results further demonstrating its practicality for real-world applications.

4-氨基酚（4-AP）是一种具有活性羟基和氨基的芳香化合物。它广泛用于染料、药品和聚合物稳定剂的生产，但对环境和健康造成重大危害。因此，开发一种可靠的方法来检测痕量4-AP是至关重要的。本研究的重点是基于Fe-MIL-101-NH2的合成后修饰制备一种具有成本效益的4-AP电化学传感器。在优化条件下，传感器的线性检测范围为0.5 ~ 400µM，检测下限（LOD）为0.12µM，灵敏度值为0.29µa /µM/cm2。Fe-MIL-101-NH2、Schiff碱和镍的协同作用增强了其电子性能，包括降低带隙能量、降低电荷转移电阻和提高电导率，从而导致4-AP具有优异的氧化还原性能。该传感器的主要特点包括高灵敏度、良好的选择性、出色的稳定性和出色的可重用性。它表现出最小的干扰，从常见的有机和无机物种，使其适用于现实世界的应用。利用地球资源丰富的材料进一步强调了其成本效益和环境可持续性。该传感器已应用于自来水和扑热息痛样品中的4-AP检测，并取得了积极的结果，进一步证明了其在实际应用中的实用性。

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引用次数: 0

Performance by design of TiO2 nanostructured granules exploitable in water remediation applications 二氧化钛纳米颗粒的性能设计及其在水修复中的应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101071

Maurizio Vespignani , Ilaria Zanoni , Simona Ortelli , Magda Blosi , Chiara Artusi , Andreana Piancastelli , Cesare Melandri , Irini Furxhi , Anna Luisa Costa

The development of advanced materials through safe and sustainable methods has become a priority in the field of material science. This study addresses this need by exploring how different design options affect the performance of nano-TiO₂ granulated powders exploitable in water remediation applications. The high-shear wet granulation (HSWG) process parameters have been investigated to produce nanostructured powders that are easy to handle, disperse, and remove from liquids, while preserving their ability to adsorb and photodegrade water pollutants or encapsulate and stabilize active ingredients. We systematically examined a range of key variables, including liquid-to-solid ratio, granulation time, and impeller speed, which were identified as the primary factors affecting the size population. The percentage of the > 1000 µm granules fraction reached 100 % by increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio up to 0.6 g_water/g_powder, while an increase in granulation time and impeller speed caused a reduction of the largest fraction by approximately 30 % and 20 %, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the addition of different binder agents, followed by calcination at 600 °C. We found a correlation between tapped density, open porosity, swelling ratio and compressive strength. Maltodextrin (MD) improved the degree of compaction resulting in the highest compressive strength (9.5 ± 0.2 MPa) and lowest release of titanium when redispersed in water, whilst micro acryl emulsion (MA) improved the sample porosity (80.6 ± 0.5 %) and its capacity to adsorb water (swelling ratio. The pro-oxidative potential of the granules was evaluated using an •OH radical sensitive probe. TiO₂-based granules showed a reactivity comparable to TiO₂ pristine nanopowders, consuming approximately 98 % of RNO after 4 h.

通过安全和可持续的方法开发先进材料已成为材料科学领域的一个重点。本研究通过探索不同的设计选择如何影响可用于水修复应用的纳米tio2颗粒状粉末的性能来解决这一需求。研究了高剪切湿造粒（HSWG）工艺参数，以生产易于处理、分散和从液体中去除的纳米结构粉末，同时保持其吸附和光降解水污染物或封装和稳定活性成分的能力。我们系统地检查了一系列关键变量，包括液固比、造粒时间和叶轮转速，这些变量被确定为影响粒度种群的主要因素。>；通过将液固比提高到0.6 gwater/gpowder， 1000µm颗粒分数达到100%，而造粒时间和叶轮转速的增加分别使最大分数降低了约30%和20%。此外，我们还研究了不同粘结剂的加入，然后在600°C下进行煅烧。我们发现了出丝密度、开孔率、膨胀率和抗压强度之间的相关性。麦芽糖糊精（MD）提高了样品的压实度，使样品的抗压强度最高（9.5±0.2 MPa），再分散在水中时钛的释放量最低，而微丙烯酸酯乳液（MA）提高了样品的孔隙率（80.6±0.5%）和吸水性（溶胀率）。使用•OH自由基敏感探针评估颗粒的促氧化电位。TiO2基颗粒表现出与TiO2原始纳米粉末相当的反应性，在4小时后消耗约98%的RNO。

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引用次数: 0

Potentially toxic elements and geochemical signatures in sediments and soils from Biritiba-Mirim reservoir, Brazil 巴西Biritiba-Mirim水库沉积物和土壤中的潜在有毒元素和地球化学特征

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101070

Pedro do Nascimento Gonçalves , Sandra Regina Damatto , Thiago Costa Silva , Lúcio Leonardo , Lucilena Rebelo Monteiro , Marcos Antônio Scapin , Marycel Elena Barboza Cotrim

This study evaluated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) – V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Sb, and Co – in sediment cores and surface soils from the Biritiba-Mirim reservoir in Brazil. The study investigated the influence of nearby soil on the sediments in the reservoir, the accumulation of PTEs in the sediment core layers, and enrichment factors from anthropogenic or natural sources. The methodology focused on the geochemical and physico-chemical characteristics of soils and sediment. The results compose a database with regional interest in the environmental quality of a relevant water supply system for Brazil’s most populous city, as well as to international researchers studying the geochemistry of trace elements in dam reservoir environments. The mean PTEs concentrations, in mg/kg, found in soils and sediments, respectively, were V (116 | 214), Cr (32.7 | 52.8), Ni (7.9 | 13.9), Cu (58 | 65), Zn (61 | 57), Pb (69 | 74), As (5.6 | 25.7), Sb (0.39 | 0.90), and Co (1.97 | 3.40). The study hypothesized arsenic enrichment near sediment core transition zones, with positive correlations between As with Sediment Erosion Flux (SEF), indicating the impact of reservoir flooding on the sediment quality. Signatures of chemical correlation were found between reservoir sediments and catchment soils, which presented signs of copper and lead enhanced by anthropogenic release.

本研究评估了巴西Biritiba-Mirim水库沉积物岩心和表层土壤中的潜在有毒元素（pte）——V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Sb和Co。研究了附近土壤对库区沉积物的影响、沉积物芯层中pte的富集以及人为或自然来源的富集因素。该方法侧重于土壤和沉积物的地球化学和物理化学特征。研究结果构成了一个数据库，该数据库对巴西人口最多的城市的相关供水系统的环境质量以及研究大坝水库环境中微量元素的地球化学的国际研究人员具有区域兴趣。土壤和沉积物中pte的平均浓度（mg/kg）分别为V（116 | 214）、Cr（32.7 |2.8）、Ni（7.9 |3.9）、Cu（58 |5）、Zn（61 | 57）、Pb（69 | 74）、As（5.6 | 25.7）、Sb（0.39 | 0.90）和Co（1.97 | 3.40）。研究假设沉积物岩心过渡带附近砷富集，砷与沉积物侵蚀通量（SEF）呈正相关，表明水库淹水对沉积物质量的影响。水库沉积物与集水区土壤具有明显的化学相关性，铜、铅的含量在人为释放的作用下有所增加。

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引用次数: 0

Monte Carlo simulation for human health risk assessment of groundwater contaminated with arsenic at an Iranian semi-arid region 伊朗半干旱区受砷污染地下水人体健康风险评估的蒙特卡罗模拟

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101069

Ali Mantashloo , Reza Shokoohi , Zahra Torkshavand , Ebrahim Chavoshi , Salman Khazaei , Mohammad Khazaei , Amir shabanloo

The present study investigated the contamination of drinking water with arsenic and its human health risk assessment in Qorveh County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. The data of this study were collected and analyzed in the wet and dry seasons and from a total of 56 groundwater samples. This study used two deterministic and stochastic approaches to evaluate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. Monte Carlo simulation, which is based on the Markov chain approach, was used for risk assessment. The examination of heavy metals As, B, Cd, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn in the water samples reveals that except for the arsenic, the insignificant concentration of the abovementioned metals was found, consequently, the health risk studies were conducted focusing on the arsenic contamination. Data analysis revealed the average concentration of arsenic in the dry and wet seasons to be 14.93 ± 17.67 and 13.79 ± 16.57 μg/L, respectively. Furthermore, beyond 39 % and 35 % of the area of Qorveh County rely on groundwater sources having the arsenic contents more than the permissible level (10 µg/L) in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The Monte Carlo simulation output clearly showed that the HQ values for the 95th percentile in the dry season were 3.58 and 2.03 for the age groups of children and adults, respectively. In other words, the non-carcinogenic risk for children is almost twice that of adults. All carcinogenic risk values was reported more than the acceptable threshold, typically set at 1 × 10⁻⁶ (or 1 in a million) by EPA. The sensitivity analysis of the contribution of arsenic concentration, duration of exposure, and rate of ingestion showed 89.5 %, 5.7 %, and 4.6 %, respectively, which indicates the major effect of arsenic concentration. The findings of this study provide an environmental alert to inform policy and attract appropriate financial resources for the management of drinking water sources containing arsenic in these areas.

本研究调查了伊朗库尔德斯坦省Qorveh县饮用水砷污染及其人体健康风险评估。本研究的数据收集和分析是在干湿季节和56个地下水样本中进行的。本研究采用确定性和随机两种方法来评估致癌和非致癌风险。采用基于马尔可夫链方法的蒙特卡罗模拟进行风险评估。通过对水样中重金属As、B、Cd、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、V、Zn的检测发现，除砷外，上述重金属的浓度均不显著，因此重点开展了砷污染的健康风险研究。数据分析显示，干湿季节砷的平均浓度分别为14.93±17.67和13.79±16.57 μg/L。此外，库尔维县超过39%和35%的地区依赖地下水，其砷含量在旱季和雨季分别超过允许水平（10微克/升）。Monte Carlo模拟结果清楚地表明，在旱季，儿童和成人年龄组第95百分位的HQ值分别为3.58和2.03。换句话说，儿童的非致癌风险几乎是成人的两倍。所有报告的致癌风险值都超过了可接受的阈值，EPA通常将其设定为1 × 10−6（或百万分之一）。砷浓度、暴露时间和摄食率的敏感性分析分别为89.5%、5.7%和4.6%，表明砷浓度是主要影响因素。这项研究的结果提供了一个环境警报，为这些地区含砷饮用水源的管理提供政策信息和吸引适当的财政资源。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoparticle based antigen detection of norovirus in human faecal samples: A proof-of-concept study 人类粪便样本中诺如病毒的纳米颗粒抗原检测：概念验证研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101064

Rishi Pandey , Pradip Gyawali , Mark A.T. Blaskovich , Sanjaya K.C.

Immunocapture assays that are fast, affordable, and can be utilised as on-site sensors for detecting pathogens or their biomarkers hold great value for ensuring public health and food safety. As proof of concept, a magnetic immunocapture assay was developed to detect norovirus. Acommercially available monoclonal antibody capable of capturing both norovirus genogroup I and II (GI and GII) was conjugated to the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for capture and sequestration of norovirus GI and GII under laboratory conditions. The capability of the functionalised MNPs to capture norovirus from the faecal extract was determined by reverse transcription-qPCR. The capture efficiency of MNPs was >90 % for both genogroups of noroviruses. To complement the magnetic capture and enable rapid detection and genogroup identification, two different monoclonal antibodies specific to genogroups GI and GII were conjugated onto a fluorescent nanoparticle surface, and then used to quantify captured norovirus in a ‘sandwich’ assay. Replicate faecal extract suspensions containing 10³ gene copies of norovirus GI and GII per µL were tested with the magnetic capture-fluorescence detection assay platform, with quantification of fluorescent intensity. The fluorescent particle assay for the detection of the biomarkers matched the sensitivity of qPCR. This method doesn’t require any sample preparation steps like nucleic acid extraction and can be easily converted into a rapid point of need detection system. This dual nanoparticle system holds promise as an inexpensive and reliable analytical tool for classical qualitative immunoassays that are prone to false positives.

免疫捕获测定法快速、经济实惠，可作为检测病原体或其生物标志物的现场传感器，对确保公共卫生和食品安全具有重要价值。作为概念的证明，开发了一种磁免疫捕获法来检测诺如病毒。在实验室条件下，将一种能够捕获诺如病毒基因组I和基因组II （GI和GII）的市售单克隆抗体与磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）偶联，用于捕获和隔离诺如病毒GI和GII。通过逆转录- qpcr确定功能化MNPs从粪便提取物中捕获诺如病毒的能力。两个诺如病毒基因组的MNPs捕获效率均为90%。为了补充磁捕获并实现快速检测和基因组鉴定，将GI和GII基因组特异性的两种不同单克隆抗体偶联到荧光纳米颗粒表面，然后在“三明治”试验中用于定量捕获的诺如病毒。每µL含有103个诺如病毒GI和GII基因拷贝的重复粪便提取物混悬液，采用磁捕获-荧光检测实验平台进行检测，并定量荧光强度。荧光颗粒法检测生物标志物的灵敏度与qPCR相匹配。该方法不需要核酸提取等样品制备步骤，易于转化为快速的需求点检测系统。这种双纳米粒子系统有望成为一种廉价而可靠的分析工具，用于容易出现假阳性的经典定性免疫测定。

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引用次数: 0