Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献_第10页

Analgesics in wastewater matrix: A comprehensive review on occurrence, toxicity, and sustainability assessment of biological, tertiary, and hybrid treatment processes 废水基质中的镇痛药：生物、三级和混合处理过程的发生、毒性和可持续性评估的综合综述

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101039

Shalini Singh , Abhradeep Majumder , Pubali Mandal , Manoj Kumar Yadav

Over the past few decades, increased consumption of pharmaceuticals has led to the prevalence of the pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in various wastewater matrices. Amongst, analgesics are one of the most consumed classes of medicines. These analgesics have complex molecular structures and physicochemical properties that do not favor degradation by conventional biological processes. Furthermore, they pose significant toxicity towards the non-target species and have the potential to disrupt the aquatic environment. Hence, researchers have focused on advanced or tertiary treatment processes, such as adsorption, photocatalysis, and the Fenton process, to remove these recalcitrant analgesics. Although these processes can remove analgesics with a high removal efficiency of around 85%, they fail to perform well with raw wastewater. Hence, hybrid processes have emerged as a wholesome treatment solution for pharmaceutical-contaminated wastewater. In this context, this review paper covers the performance assessment and sustainability of different biological, advanced, and hybrid processes in treating analgesic-contaminated wastewater. It was observed that the biological process alone could only remove around 60–70%, while the average analgesic removal from synthetic water using adsorption, Fenton, and photocatalysis was more than 80%. However, hybrid processes like a combination of constructed wetlands and photocatalysis exhibited more than 80% removal from real wastewater and were more financially and environmentally sustainable. This review provides a comprehensive idea of how analgesics, in particular, are ubiquitous in the aqueous environment and suggests how they can be removed sustainably by providing a comprehensive overview of all existing treatment systems.

在过去的几十年里，药物消费的增加导致了药物及其代谢物在各种废水基质中的流行。其中，止痛剂是消耗量最大的一类药物。这些镇痛药具有复杂的分子结构和物理化学性质，不适合通过传统的生物过程降解。此外，它们对非目标物种具有显著的毒性，并有可能破坏水生环境。因此，研究人员将重点放在高级或三级处理工艺上，如吸附、光催化和芬顿工艺，以去除这些顽固性镇痛药。虽然这些工艺可以去除镇痛药，去除率高达85%左右，但它们对原始废水的去除率不高。因此，混合工艺已成为药物污染废水的一种有益健康的处理方案。在此背景下，本文综述了不同生物、先进和混合工艺处理镇痛污染废水的性能评估和可持续性。观察到，单独的生物过程只能去除60-70%左右，而吸附、Fenton和光催化对合成水中镇痛药的平均去除率在80%以上。然而，人工湿地和光催化相结合的混合工艺对实际废水的去除率超过80%，在经济上和环境上都更具可持续性。这篇综述提供了一个全面的想法，特别是镇痛药是如何在水环境中普遍存在的，并建议如何通过提供所有现有治疗系统的全面概述来可持续地去除它们。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancement of Congo red adsorption using oxidated nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes 氧化氮掺杂碳纳米管增强刚果红吸附

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101037

Alicia E. Chávez-Guajardo , Luis Octavio Solis-Sanchez , María Medina-Llamas , Brenda I. Orea-Calderón , Florentino López-Urías , Emilio Muñoz-Sandoval , Verónica L. Medina-Llamas

This work reports the synthesis of nitrogen-doped multilayer carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs). The N-MWCNTs were subjected to mild oxidation in air at different temperatures and exposure times to obtain a variety of composites from N-MWCNTs with iron oxide nanoparticles up to mainly nanostructured hematite in its alpha phase (α-Fe₂O₃). X-ray diffraction allowed us to track the transformation path of the N-MWCNTs have a cross oxidation time. Each composite was fully characterized. FTIR analysis revealed that the oxidated N-MWCNTs exhibited a high content of carboxylic and carbonyl functional groups. Raman spectroscopy characterization shows a decrease in the D-band intensity and an increase in the 2D-band intensity as the oxidation temperature and oxidation time increase. For instance, the 5 min oxidized N-MWCNTs at 620 °C show a 3 % decrease in both the I_D/I_G and I_2D/I_G ratios. At 10 min at 620 °C, a 10 % decrease in the I_D/I_G ratio and a 15 % increase in the I_2D/I_G ratio were observed. The former results indicate the opening of the CNTs tips and the exposure of the graphitic layers as oxidation time increases. The TEM micrographs can easily corroborate the former trends. The performance of the pristine and oxidized N-MWCNTs was evaluated for the adsorption of Congo red (CR) as a model pollutant. The results indicate that mild oxidation temperatures (620 °C) and short oxidation times favor CR adsorption with a faster adsorption equilibrium than pristine N-MWCNTs. The percentage removal of pristine N-MWCNTS was 33 %. The oxidized samples at 620 °C had a higher adsorption removal of CR up to 36 % and 43 % when oxidation time was 5 and 10 min. The results demonstrate that oxidation thermal treatment reduces amorphous carbon and promotes the opening of the CNTs, increasing the active sites on the surface of the material, which facilitates interaction with CR.

本文报道了氮掺杂多层碳纳米管（N-MWCNTs）的合成。将N-MWCNTs在不同温度和暴露时间的空气中进行轻度氧化，得到从N-MWCNTs与氧化铁纳米颗粒到主要为α相（α-Fe2O3）的纳米结构赤铁矿的各种复合材料。x射线衍射使我们能够跟踪N-MWCNTs的转变路径，并具有交叉氧化时间。每种复合材料都被充分表征。FTIR分析显示，氧化的N-MWCNTs具有高含量的羧基和羰基官能团。拉曼光谱表征表明，随着氧化温度和氧化时间的增加，d波段强度降低，2d波段强度增加。例如，在620℃下氧化5分钟的N-MWCNTs，其ID/IG和I2D/IG比值均下降了3%。在620°C下加热10 min，观察到ID/IG比降低10%，I2D/IG比增加15%。前者的结果表明，随着氧化时间的增加，碳纳米管尖端的开口和石墨层的暴露增加。TEM显微图可以很容易地证实前一趋势。研究了原始N-MWCNTs和氧化N-MWCNTs对刚果红（CR）的吸附性能。结果表明，较低的氧化温度（620°C）和较短的氧化时间有利于CR的吸附，吸附平衡比原始N-MWCNTs更快。原始N-MWCNTS的去除率为33%。当氧化时间为5 min和10 min时，620℃下氧化样品对CR的吸附去除率分别高达36%和43%。结果表明，氧化热处理减少了非晶态碳，促进了CNTs的打开，增加了材料表面的活性位点，有利于与CR的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

One step facile green synthesis of ZnFe2O4-ZnO Nanocomposite: Efficient photocatalytic activity towards organic dyes under visible light and photoluminescence applications 一步快速绿色合成ZnFe2O4-ZnO纳米复合材料：可见光下对有机染料的高效光催化活性和光致发光应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101036

E.Vinay Kumar , R. Harini , Anitha , B.E. Kumara Swamy , G. Nagaraju

One of the major risks to the ecosystem is the pollution of water resulting from organic dyes. For scientists, the elimination of dyes from water has remained a challenge. The development of heterostructure photocatalysts featuring enhanced photogenerated charge carriers has attracted significant interest in recent times. The development of a trustworthy, reliable, affordable, and environmentally friendly process for the fabrication of photocatalysts is the main motivation for this research project. In this research work, we presented the easy, affordable green solution combustion process for synthesizing ZnFe₂O₄-ZnO nanocomposite (NCs) using Btea monosperma leaves extract. The synthesized heterostructure is extensively characterized using XRD, FT-IR, UV–Vis, SEM EDX, and PL Spectroscopy. Studies on photoluminescence emission were conducted, and the CIE diagram revealed green emission. The characteristic green emission of ZFO NCs facilitates the tracing of LFPs on a variety of surfaces. Hence, ZFO NCs may therefore have use in the field of forensic sciences. Under visible light, the photocatalyst exhibits a remarkable 95 % degradation efficiency for Rose Bengal dye. Additionally, the ZnFe₂O₄-ZnO heterostructure’s reusability was examined, and even after four cycles, the level of photocatalytic activity did not drop much. Therefore, it is a potential photocatalyst for the processing of organic colours.

生态系统面临的主要风险之一是由有机染料引起的水污染。对科学家来说，从水中去除染料仍然是一个挑战。近年来，以增强型光生电荷载体为特征的异质结构光催化剂的发展引起了人们的广泛关注。开发一种值得信赖、可靠、经济、环保的光催化剂制造工艺是本研究项目的主要动机。在这项研究工作中，我们提出了一种简单、经济的绿色溶液燃烧方法来合成ZnFe2O4-ZnO纳米复合材料（NCs）。利用XRD， FT-IR, UV-Vis， SEM EDX和PL光谱对合成的异质结构进行了广泛的表征。对光致发光进行了研究，CIE图显示绿色发光。ZFO纳米材料的绿色发光特性使得lfp在各种表面上的示踪成为可能。因此，ZFO NCs因此可用于法医科学领域。在可见光下，该光催化剂对孟加拉玫瑰染料的降解效率达到了95%。此外，研究了ZnFe2O4-ZnO异质结构的可重复使用性，即使经过4次循环，其光催化活性水平也没有明显下降。因此，它是处理有机颜色的潜在光催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced PVA-bioplastic membranes with nanocellulose and hydroxyapatite derived from blood clam shells 从血蛤壳中提取的纳米纤维素和羟基磷灰石增强pva生物塑料膜

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101035

Femiana Gapsari , Christina Wahyu Kartikowati , Kartika A. Madurani , Afifah Harmayanti , Abdul Mudjib Sulaiman

Bioplastic membranes, particularly those based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), are increasingly explored for their environmental benefits and diverse applications. However, these bioplastics often suffer from high water absorption and limited mechanical durability, restricting their practical use compared to conventional plastics. This study aims to address these limitations by incorporating nanocellulose from Cordia dichotoma fiber (CDf) and a hydroxyapatite (HA) coating derived from blood clam shells—a novel and sustainable approach. The HA-coated PVA-nanocellulose bioplastic was evaluated for tensile strength, water absorption, and antibacterial activity, using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed substantial improvements, with tensile strength increasing from 5.62 to 12.63 MPa and elastic modulus from 6.73 to 15.85 MPa, attributed to enhanced cross-linking from the HA layer. Additionally, antibacterial testing showed weak inhibition zones (<5 mm) against E. coli and S. aureus, indicating mild antimicrobial properties. This research contributes to sustainable bioplastic technologies by leveraging waste-derived materials to improve functionality, making these biocomposites promising for packaging, water purification and biomedical applications, and other fields requiring durable, eco-friendly materials.

生物塑料膜，特别是以聚乙烯醇（PVA）为基础的生物塑料膜，因其环境效益和多种应用而受到越来越多的探索。然而，与传统塑料相比，这些生物塑料通常具有高吸水性和有限的机械耐久性，限制了它们的实际使用。本研究旨在解决这些限制，通过结合从Cordia dichotoma纤维（CDf）中提取的纳米纤维素和从血蛤壳中提取的羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层-一种新颖且可持续的方法。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）和热重分析（TGA）对ha包覆的pva纳米纤维素生物塑料的拉伸强度、吸水率和抗菌活性进行了评价。结果表明，由于HA层的交联增强，抗拉强度从5.62提高到12.63 MPa，弹性模量从6.73提高到15.85 MPa。此外，抗菌测试显示对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制区较弱（<5 mm），表明抗菌性能温和。这项研究通过利用废物衍生材料来提高功能，为可持续生物塑料技术做出了贡献，使这些生物复合材料在包装、水净化和生物医学应用以及其他需要耐用、环保材料的领域具有前景。

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引用次数: 0

Fluoride distribution, groundwater quality and health risk assessment for contaminated region near Krishna River (Maharashtra) India 印度克里希纳河（马哈拉施特拉邦）附近受污染地区的氟化物分布、地下水质量和健康风险评估

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101033

Sandip Sampatrao Sathe , Uday Bhan , Anamika Kushwaha , Mohd Shabbir , Kranti Patil , Vishal Kamboj , Lalit Goswami , Seungdae Oh , Kanchan Deoli Bahukhandi , Akhilesh Bind

The present study aims to examine the sustainability of groundwater in a contaminated area of Krishna river, one of the vital natural source for drinking and irrigation purposes in India. The water samples (in total 142) were collected in different seasons from Sangli district of Maharashtra state, India, and their suitability for drinking, domestic usage, irrigation water quality indices, and health risk assessment were studied. The spatial distribution and safe groundwater region were identified using the ordinary Kriging method. The major cations concentration was observed in order as Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > K⁺ > Na⁺, whereas for anions it was observed as HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > F⁻. The groundwater quality indices for magnesium hazard (MH) suggest that 100 samples from the village area, 27 from the city area, and 7 from the industrial area were found not suitable for the irrigation purposes. Similarly, the results of Kelley’s ratio and sodium absorption ratio support MH findings and suggest that these sources are inapt for irrigation purposes. Pearson correlation values for industrial area samples showed a significantly positive correlation value for F⁻ with SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺, and K⁺ as 0.48, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively. The health risk assessment shows that in the industrial, city and, village areas, 21 %, 4 %, and 19 % of children are highly susceptible to fluorosis, respectively. This physicochemical and hydrogeochemical study of groundwater suggests that the shallow aquifer depth groundwater of this study area was moderately unsafe for the usage of drinking and irrigation purposes.

本研究旨在研究克里希纳河污染地区地下水的可持续性，克里希纳河是印度饮用和灌溉的重要天然水源之一。选取印度马哈拉施特拉邦Sangli地区不同季节采集的142份水样，对其饮用适宜性、生活适宜性、灌溉水质指标及健康风险评价进行了研究。采用普通克里格法确定了地下水的空间分布和安全区域。主要阳离子的浓度顺序为：Mg2+ >；Ca2 +的在K +比;Na+，而阴离子则为HCO3−>；SO42−祝辞Cl−祝辞F−。地下水镁危害（MH）指标显示，村区100个样本、城区27个样本、工业区7个样本不适宜灌溉。同样，凯利比和钠吸收比的结果支持MH的发现，并表明这些来源不适用于灌溉目的。工业区域样本的Pearson相关值显示，F−与SO42−、Ca2+和K+分别为0.48、0.87和0.89，呈显著正相关。健康风险评估显示，在工业地区、城市地区和乡村地区，分别有21%、4%和19%的儿童极易患氟中毒。地下水的物理化学和水文地球化学研究表明，该研究区浅层地下水的饮用和灌溉用途是中等不安全的。

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引用次数: 0

Graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes decorated with ruthenium: New efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst 钌修饰的石墨氮化碳纳米管：新型高效可见光驱动光催化剂

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101034

Mohaddeseh Shahabi Nejad, Zahra Vakily, Ali Mostafavi, Hassan Sheibani

The discharge of effluents containing antibiotics into the environment poses a significant challenge, contributing to the proliferation of resistant bacterial pathogens. Consequently, the removal and degradation of these contaminants from aqueous environments, particularly through photodegradation with potent photocatalysts, has attracted considerable research interest. In this research, A novel generation of visible-light photocatalyst was developed by immobilizing a ruthenium complex on modified graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes, with a focus on degrading the commonly used antibiotic, tetracycline. To achieve this, the synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanotubes (g-C₃N₄ NTs) was successfully conducted using the hydrothermal method, followed by functionalization with the 1,10-Phenantroline-5,6-dione ligand. Subsequently, the functionalized g-C₃N₄ NTs were further enhanced through the immobilization of dichloro(p-cymene)ruthenium(II) dimer. The structure and morphology of the prepared photocatalyst were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM & TEM). Subsequently, the photocatalyst’s efficiency in optically degrading tetracycline antibiotics was evaluated in a suspension reactor equipped with a 60 W LED lamp. Key parameters such as catalyst dosage, irradiation duration, temperature, and pH were systematically optimized. The results indicated that the immobilization of the Ru complex onto functionalized g-C₃N₄ NTs significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity, resulting in a 43 % increase in degradation efficiency. Furthermore, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) analysis demonstrated that approximately 90 % mineralization of a 10 mg/L tetracycline solution could be achieved using 20 mg of Ru (II) complex/g-C₃N₄ NTs at pH 7 after 480 min, without the need for additional oxidants.

将含有抗生素的废水排放到环境中是一项重大挑战，有助于耐药细菌病原体的增殖。因此，从水环境中去除和降解这些污染物，特别是通过强效光催化剂进行光降解，已经引起了相当大的研究兴趣。本研究通过将钌配合物固定在改性石墨氮化碳纳米管上，开发了新一代可见光催化剂，重点降解了常用的抗生素四环素。为此，采用水热法成功合成了石墨化氮化碳纳米管（g-C3N4 NTs），然后用1,10- phenantroine -5,6-dione配体进行了功能化。随后，通过二氯（对花癸烯）钌（II）二聚体的固定化，功能化的g-C3N4 NTs进一步增强。采用x射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描和透射电子显微镜(SEM &；TEM)。随后，在配备60 W LED灯的悬浮反应器中评估光催化剂光学降解四环素类抗生素的效率。对催化剂用量、辐照时间、温度、pH等关键参数进行了系统优化。结果表明，Ru配合物固定在功能化的g-C3N4 NTs上显著提高了光催化活性，降解效率提高了43%。此外，化学需氧量（COD）分析表明，在pH为7的条件下，使用20 mg Ru （II）络合物/g-C3N4 NTs，在480分钟后，10 mg/L四环素溶液的矿化率约为90%，无需额外的氧化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Wintertime water quality assessment via integrated indexical approaches with reference to drinking and irrigation standards in NW India 参考印度西北部饮用和灌溉标准，通过综合指数方法进行冬季水质评价

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101032

Saloni Kamboj, Nirankar Singh

To assess the wintertime toxicity linked with the characteristics of public supply water, tap water samples were collected from the selected sites of Ambala district in India during October 2022 to February 2023 covering winter season. Following the standard procedures and protocols recommended by APHA, BIS and WHO, several characteristics were explored in order to find their linkages with the health issues of adults and children during winters. The irrigation water quality parameters were also taken into consideration during characterization. The high levels of toxic elements (Pb, As, Cd, and Ni) were observed at various sites during this period exceeding the BIS acceptable limits. The average levels of F^-, Cl^-, NO₃^–, SO₄^2-, PO₄^3- and HCO₃^– were found to be 0.261 mg L^-1, 27.95 mg L^-1, 0.234 mg L^-1, 47.99 mg L^-1, 0.210 mg L^-1 and 5.97 mg L^-1 respectively. Levels of As, Ni, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn remained at 123.62 µgL^-1, 56.24 µgL^-1 2.59 µgL^-1, 1.367 µgL^-1, 9.45 µgL^-1, 8.79 µgL^-1, 77.92 µgL^-1, and 10.79 µgL^-1 respectively. The mean hazard indices were found greater than one (>1) for children and adults both (0.96–5.5, 0.96–2.61) during this winter season. Owing to low body weight, children found more prone than adults to health issues. The mostly sites had good water quality indices (WQIs). Based on the SAR, RSC, MAR, SSP values, mostly samples were found in excellent category of water source for irrigation. Several statistical and geographic distributions were used to evaluate the samples for direct human consumption along with the associated health risk at the study area. This study, first time reports the toxicity levels associated with the tap water characteristics in the chosen area and discusses the novel findings of the hazard analysis with reference to direct intake of freshwater and water for irrigation.

为了评估与公共供水特征相关的冬季毒性，在2022年10月至2023年2月期间，从印度Ambala地区的选定地点收集了冬季自来水样本。按照卫生保健协会、国际卫生组织和卫生组织建议的标准程序和方案，探讨了若干特征，以便找出它们与冬季成人和儿童健康问题的联系。表征时还考虑了灌溉水质参数。在此期间，在多个地点观察到高水平的有毒元素（铅、砷、镉和镍）超过了国际清算银行的可接受限度。F-、Cl-、NO3 -、SO42-、PO43-和HCO3 -的平均含量分别为0.261 mg L-1、27.95 mg L-1、0.234 mg L-1、47.99 mg L-1、0.210 mg L-1和5.97 mg L-1。As、Ni、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Pb和Zn的含量分别为123.62µgL-1、56.24µgL-1、2.59µgL-1、1.367µgL-1、9.45µgL-1、8.79µgL-1、77.92µgL-1和10.79µgL-1。冬季儿童和成人的平均危害指数（0.96 ~ 5.5,0.96 ~ 2.61）均大于1 （>1）。由于体重过轻，儿童比成年人更容易出现健康问题。大部分站点水质指数较好。基于SAR、RSC、MAR、SSP值，大部分样品属于灌溉水源的优类。使用了几种统计和地理分布来评估研究区域人类直接消费的样本以及相关的健康风险。本研究首次报道了选定地区自来水特性的毒性水平，并讨论了直接取用淡水和灌溉用水危害分析的新发现。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced TiO2-ZnO/graphene hybrid nanocomposite for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil pesticide 新型TiO2-ZnO/石墨烯杂化纳米复合材料超灵敏电化学检测氟虫腈农药

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101031

La Ode Agus Salim , Muhammad Nurdin , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Nohong Nohong

The increasing use of fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide with known toxicity and endocrine-disrupting effects, poses significant environmental and health risks due to its persistence in agricultural products and ecosystems. This study presents the development of a novel TiO₂-ZnO/graphene (GTZ) hybrid nanocomposite electrode for ultra-sensitive electrochemical detection of fipronil. The GTZ nanocomposite was synthesized using a microwave-assisted technique and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SEM results showed that TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles were well dispersed in the graphene layer. XRD diffractograms confirmed the presence of the anatase TiO₂ phase and Wurtzite ZnO phase in GTZ nanocomposites. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups, Ti-O and Zn-O bonds, indicating successful modification of graphene. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to evaluate the sensing capabilities of the GTZ electrode, demonstrating a linear response to fipronil concentrations as low as 0.0023 µg/L, with a high reproducibility (RSD 1.77 %). The electrode’s enhanced sensitivity can be attributed to the synergistic interaction between TiO₂-ZnO nanoparticles and graphene, providing a large electroactive surface area and improved electron transfer kinetics. This study confirms the potential of GTZ nanocomposite electrodes as a cost-effective and portable platform for real-time monitoring of fipronil residues in environmental and agricultural samples.

氟虫腈是一种已知具有毒性和内分泌干扰作用的苯吡唑类杀虫剂，由于其在农产品和生态系统中持续存在，因此越来越多地使用氟虫腈，造成重大的环境和健康风险。本研究提出了一种用于氟虫腈超灵敏电化学检测的新型TiO2-ZnO/石墨烯（GTZ）杂化纳米复合电极。采用微波辅助技术合成了GTZ纳米复合材料，并通过扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）对其进行了表征。SEM结果表明，TiO2和ZnO纳米粒子在石墨烯层中分散良好。XRD衍射图证实了GTZ纳米复合材料中存在锐钛矿型TiO2相和纤锌矿型ZnO相。FTIR分析显示，石墨烯中存在含氧官能团、Ti-O和Zn-O键，表明石墨烯改性成功。采用循环伏安法对电极的检测能力进行了评价，结果表明，当氟虫腈浓度低至0.0023µg/L时，电极具有良好的线性响应，重现性高（RSD为1.77%）。电极的灵敏度增强可归因于TiO2-ZnO纳米颗粒与石墨烯之间的协同作用，提供了更大的电活性表面积和改进的电子传递动力学。这项研究证实了GTZ纳米复合电极作为实时监测环境和农业样品中氟虫腈残留的成本效益和便携式平台的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Health risk associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dumpsites in southwestern Nigeria 尼日利亚西南部垃圾场中与多环芳烃（PAHs）相关的健康风险

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101028

Thompson Faraday Ediagbonya , Treasure Ejodamen Omotade , Okechukwu Solomon Ihuoma

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remain poorly understood, despite their detrimental impacts and role as human mutagens in developing countries such as Nigeria, disruptors, and malignancies. Five dumpsites in South-Western Nigeria were investigated to determine PAH concentrations in soil: Ojota and Oko filling in Lagos state, Ijagun in Ijebu-Ode, Ogun state, and Okitipupa and Irele LGA in Ondo state. The amount of PAHs was assessed using GC-FID. PAHs compounds had limits of detection (LOD) of 0.01 µg/kg, quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 µg/kg, and recovery rates of 82.4 %-95.2 %. At site A (Idimu, oko-filling), BkF had the highest mean PAH concentration (10.94 mg/kg). B(g,h,i)P was second with 3.19 mg/kg, DB(ah)A third with 2.86 mg/kg, and Phen fourth with 1.16 mg/kg, for a total of 19.95 mg/kg. At site B (Ojota dumping), no Flu, Ant, Flt, Cry, B(a)A, B(b)f, or B(k)F concentrations were identified, but the total PAH concentration was 51.44 mg/kg. The highest mean concentration of PAH was B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg), followed by IP (5.43 mg/kg), B(g,h,i)P (4.27 mg/kg), and DahA (3.96 mg). The overall concentration at location C (Ijagun, Ijebu-Ode) was 5.80 mg/kg. Flt Nap, Acy, Flu, Ant, Nap, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, DB(ah)A, IP, B(b)F, and B(g,h,i)P were not found at site D. The only concentrations listed were Ace (0.74 mg/kg) and B(a)P (1.34 mg/kg). The total concentration measured at Site D was 12.12 mg/kg. Site E, like site D, contained no mean concentrations of B(g,h,i)P, Flt, Pyr, Chry, B(a)A, B(b)F, IP, DB(ah)A, or Ant. The mean organic carbon, pH, and electrical conductivity values were 1.26–1.64 mg/kg, 7.02–8.02, and 84.33–249.33 μS/cm³, respectively. Total PAHs correlated positively with pH but negatively with electrical conductivity and organic carbon. The total HQ value was 1.3 × 10^-4, with individual values ranging from 9.3 × 10^-6 to 2.4 × 10^-6. The data show a substantial ecological risk and potential hazard associated with PAH exposure at a regional dumpsite.

尽管多环芳烃（PAHs）在尼日利亚等发展中国家作为人类诱变剂、干扰物和恶性肿瘤具有有害影响和作用，但人们对其了解甚少。对尼日利亚西南部的五个垃圾场进行了调查，以确定土壤中多环芳香环的浓度：拉各斯州的Ojota和Oko填充物，奥贡州Ijebu-Ode的Ijagun，以及Ondo州的Okitipupa和irelle LGA。采用气相色谱- fid测定多环芳烃的含量。多环芳烃的检出限为0.01µg/kg，定量限为0.1µg/kg，回收率为82.4% ~ 95.2%。在A点（Idimu, oko-filling）， BkF的平均PAH浓度最高（10.94 mg/kg）。其次是B(g,h,i)P (3.19 mg/kg)，第三是DB(ah)A (2.86 mg/kg)，第四是Phen (1.16 mg/kg)，共19.95 mg/kg。在B点（Ojota倾倒），未检测到Flu、Ant、Flt、Cry、B(a) a、B(B)f或B(k) f浓度，但总PAH浓度为51.44 mg/kg。多环芳烃平均浓度最高的是B(a)P (35.96 mg/kg)，其次是IP （5.43 mg/kg）、B(g,h,i)P （4.27 mg/kg）和DahA （3.96 mg）。C点（Ijagun、Ijebu-Ode）总浓度为5.80 mg/kg。在d位点未发现Flt Nap、Acy、Flu、Ant、Nap、Pyr、Chry、B(a) a、DB(ah) a、IP、B(B)F和B(g、h、i)P，仅有Ace （0.74 mg/kg）和B(a)P （1.34 mg/kg）的浓度。D点总浓度为12.12 mg/kg。位点E与位点D一样，不含B(g、h、i)P、Flt、Pyr、Chry、B(a) a、B(B)F、IP、DB(ah) a或Ant的平均浓度。平均有机碳、pH和电导率分别为1.26 ~ 1.64 mg/kg、7.02 ~ 8.02和84.33 ~ 249.33 μS/cm3。总多环芳烃与pH呈正相关，与电导率和有机碳负相关。总HQ值为1.3 × 10-4，个体值为9.3 × 10-6 ~ 2.4 × 10-6。数据显示，在一个区域垃圾场暴露多环芳烃存在巨大的生态风险和潜在危害。

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引用次数: 0

Bacterial assisted preparation of cadmium sulfide/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposites and its biological applications 细菌辅助制备硫化镉/聚乙烯醇纳米复合材料及其生物应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2024.101030

S. Rajeshkumar , C. Malarkodi , Arpita Roy , Tharani Munusamy , Ashish Kumar , Hendrix Yulis Setyawan , Kuldeep Sharma , Rajan Verma

Cadmium sulfide is one of the most vital materials, and this research discusses the environmentally friendly synthesis of CdS nanoparticles using Bacillus subtilis. Bacterial synthesis was utilized to produce cadmium sulfide nanoparticles within Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) at four distinct concentrations. This study focused on generating CdS/ PVA films, where cadmium sulfide nanoparticles of varying sizes were dispersed within polyvinyl alcohol matrices. The PL (Photoluminescence) spectrum and UV–visible spectrum showed the CdS/PVA quantum confinement effect. TEM and XRD analyses demonstrate the formation of well-dispersed CdS nanoparticles and CdS films with a cubic phase embedded within the PVA matrix. The morphological changes between the nanocomposite clearly showed in the TEM images. Primarily spherical shaped CdS nanoparticles were formed as observed in the SEM analysis, and it was found that the CdS/PVA nanocomposite are different like shapeless. FTIR spectrums of CdS/PVA nanocomposites in different concentration shows the participation of biomolecules in the nanocomposite’s formation. The prepared nanocomposite showed potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens. Thus CdS/PVA nanocomposites can be used in many potential biomedical applications.

硫化镉是其中最重要的材料之一，本研究探讨了利用枯草芽孢杆菌环保合成CdS纳米颗粒的方法。利用细菌合成在聚乙烯醇（PVA）中以四种不同浓度生产硫化镉纳米颗粒。本研究的重点是生成CdS/ PVA薄膜，其中不同尺寸的硫化镉纳米颗粒分散在聚乙烯醇基质中。光致发光光谱和紫外可见光谱显示CdS/PVA量子约束效应。TEM和XRD分析表明，在PVA基体中形成了分散良好的CdS纳米颗粒和立方相嵌套的CdS薄膜。TEM图像显示了纳米复合材料之间的形态变化。SEM分析发现，CdS/PVA纳米复合材料主要形成球形CdS纳米颗粒，CdS/PVA纳米复合材料具有不同的形状。不同浓度CdS/PVA纳米复合材料的FTIR光谱表明生物分子参与了纳米复合材料的形成。所制备的纳米复合材料对微生物病原体具有潜在的抗炎、抗氧化和抗菌活性。因此，CdS/聚乙烯醇纳米复合材料可用于许多潜在的生物医学应用。

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引用次数: 0