Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management最新文献_第8页

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Macrococcus caseolyticus strain AgD isolated from crude oil-contaminated water samples and their application in remediation of crude oil contamination in the Niger Delta aquatic environment 原油污染水样中分离的溶干酪巨球菌AgD生物合成纳米银及其在尼日尔三角洲水环境中原油污染修复中的应用

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101057

A.A. Ikhumetse , O.P. Abioye , A.S. Kovo , U.J.J. Ijah

This study was carried out to synthesize bacterial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Macrococcus caseolyticus strain AgD for remediation of crude oil contamination in aquatic environment. Characterization was done to ascertain the size, crystallinity, morphology and elemental composition of the bacterial AgNP, which was used for the removal of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in the water samples. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for design and optimization of the TPH response. The results indicated that TPH in some water samples were above permissible limits given by the World Health Organization. The results of 16S rDNA sequencing showed that the isolate is related to Macrococcus caseolyticus. The optical properties of AgNPs showed a peak at 425 nm while the XRD patterns revealed crystallinity with average crystallite size of 25.25204 ± 5.89 nm. The RSM showed a good fit for 2FI regression model for the AgNP as elucidated by the coefficient of determination with R² value of 0.9295. Run 1 (contact time 22.5 mins, stirring speed 1625 rpm, dosage 0.275 g, temperature 55 °C) obtained the highest TPH removal of 94.26 %, which was higher than the predicted (93.15 %) using the bacterial strain. The maximum predicted TPH removal was however 94.02 % at optimum factors of contact time (22.5 mins /100 mL), stirring speed (1620 rpm/100 mL), dosage (0.3206 g) and temperature (67.5 °C). The study showed that the bacterial strain was useful in the synthesis of AgNPs to enhance the efficient removal of contaminants in water samples, and that the model developed (2FI) using RSM technique was useful in predicting optimal TPH removal.

本研究利用溶干酪巨球菌AgD合成细菌银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）修复水中原油污染。鉴定确定了细菌AgNP的大小、结晶度、形态和元素组成，该细菌用于去除水样中的总石油烃（TPH）。采用响应面法（RSM）对TPH的响应进行设计和优化。结果表明，部分水样的TPH值超过了世界卫生组织的允许限值。16S rDNA测序结果表明该分离物与溶干酪巨球菌有关。AgNPs的光学性质在425 nm处达到峰值，XRD谱图显示结晶度为25.25204±5.89 nm。RSM对AgNP的2FI回归模型拟合良好，决定系数R2值为0.9295。运行1（接触时间22.5 min，搅拌速度1625 rpm，投加量0.275 g，温度55℃），TPH去除率最高，为94.26%，高于菌株预测的93.15%。在接触时间（22.5 min /100 mL）、搅拌速度（1620 rpm/100 mL）、投加量（0.3206 g）和温度（67.5℃）的最佳条件下，TPH去除率最高可达94.02%。研究表明，该菌株可用于AgNPs的合成，以提高水样中污染物的有效去除，并且使用RSM技术开发的模型（2FI）可用于预测最佳TPH去除。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of traffic and other sources on heavy metal pollution of urban soils (Lublin, Poland) 交通和其他来源对城市土壤重金属污染的影响（卢布林，波兰）

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101058

Wojciech Zgłobicki, Małgorzata Telecka, Paulina Hałas, Małgorzata Bis

Information on the heavy metals content in urban soils is important for a comprehensive assessment of environmental pollution. A significant source of soil pollution can be traffic-related emissions. The objective of the study was to assess the spatial pattern, sources and level of soil pollution in medium-sized city (Lublin, E Poland). Concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined in 62 samples of road dust and 90 soil samples. We applied following: geochemical indices to determine the degree of pollution: (i) geoaccumulation index, (ii) pollution index and (iii) index of ecological risk factor. PCA and CA were also used to assess sources of pollution. Geochemical indices showed medium to high pollution of dust and roadside soils by Cu and Zn and high for Cd, Cu and Zn in post-industrial soils. The results of the statistical analyses indicated the same pollution sources for road dust and roadside soils. It is represented by transport-related emissions. There is no statistical relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in road dust and roadside soil pollution due to the nature of their accumulation − long-lasting in the case of soils. The air transport of heavy metals is carried out over a short distance. Elevated concentrations are found near the sources of the pollutants. Residential soils are not polluted by heavy metals.

城市土壤重金属含量信息对环境污染的综合评价具有重要意义。土壤污染的一个重要来源可能是与交通有关的排放。本研究的目的是评估中型城市（波兰卢布林）土壤污染的空间格局、来源和水平。测定了62份道路粉尘样品和90份土壤样品中砷、镉、铬、铜、镍、铅和锌的浓度。利用地球化学指标来确定污染程度：(1)地质堆积指数，(2)污染指数，(3)生态风险因子指数。采用主成分分析法和主成分分析法对污染源进行评价。地球化学指标显示，后工业化土壤中镉、铜、锌污染程度较高，粉尘和路边土壤中铜、锌污染程度较高。统计分析结果表明，道路粉尘和道路土壤的污染源是相同的。它由运输相关的排放量表示。道路粉尘中重金属的浓度与路边土壤污染之间没有统计关系，因为它们的积累性质-在土壤中是长期的。重金属的空运是在短距离内进行的。在污染源附近发现浓度升高。住宅土壤不受重金属污染。

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引用次数: 0

The hidden threat of microplastics in urban freshwater ecosystem: A comprehensive review 微塑料在城市淡水生态系统中的潜在威胁：综述

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101054

Md. Fahim Murshed, Nusrat Fardin Arpita, Amit Hasan Anik, Maisha Binte Sultan

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a pressing environmental issue, particularly in urban freshwater ecosystems, where it poses significant risks to water quality and public health. By integrating new data and insights, this article aims to deepen the understanding of MP contamination in urban freshwater ecosystems and its broader environmental implications. This article reviews the current literature of MPs focusing on urban freshwater ecosystems, often overlooked in favor of marine settings. It uniquely addresses the sources, pathways, and biomagnification of MPs in these environments, linking ecological effects to public health, and advocating for collaborative stakeholder action and innovative management strategies. This holistic approach provides a comprehensive view of MP pollution in urban contexts where aquatic organisms can ingest MPs present in these freshwater ecosystems and move through the food chain thus ultimately reaching the human body. The effects of MPs on the food chain are examined, particularly how they accumulate in organisms, transfer between different levels of the food chain, and increase in concentration as they move up through different trophic levels. To successfully tackle MP contamination, it pushes for collaborative action among stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, and the community. It calls for enhanced research efforts to fill existing knowledge gaps and develop innovative management strategies to mitigate the impacts of MPs. Ultimately, this serves as a crucial resource for informing future policies and initiatives to preserve water quality and protect public health in the face of growing plastic pollution.

微塑料污染已成为一个紧迫的环境问题，特别是在城市淡水生态系统中，它对水质和公众健康构成重大风险。通过整合新的数据和见解，本文旨在加深对城市淡水生态系统中MP污染及其更广泛的环境影响的理解。这篇文章回顾了目前的文献MPs关注城市淡水生态系统，往往被忽视，有利于海洋环境。它独特地解决了这些环境中MPs的来源、途径和生物放大，将生态影响与公共卫生联系起来，并倡导利益相关者的协作行动和创新的管理战略。这种整体的方法提供了城市环境中多聚物污染的全面视图，水生生物可以摄取这些淡水生态系统中存在的多聚物，并通过食物链移动，最终到达人体。研究了MPs对食物链的影响，特别是它们如何在生物体中积累，在食物链的不同层次之间转移，以及随着它们在不同营养水平上的上升而浓度增加。为了成功地解决MP污染问题，它推动了利益相关者之间的合作行动，包括研究人员、政策制定者和社区。它呼吁加强研究工作，以填补现有的知识空白，并制定创新的管理战略，以减轻下院议员的影响。最终，面对日益严重的塑料污染，这将成为为未来政策和举措提供信息的关键资源，以保护水质和保护公众健康。

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引用次数: 0

The prospect of using polyvinyl chloride with -n-hydroxyl amine, a metal binding agent, to adsorb uranium from its aqueous solution 探讨了聚氯乙烯与金属结合剂-正羟胺吸附水溶液中铀的前景

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101055

Abd El-Hakeim T. Kandil , Bahig M. Atia , Farida M.S.E. El-Dars , Mohamed Y.M. Hussein , Mohamed F. Cheira

Polyvinyl chloride-based N-hydroxyl amine (PVC-NHA) was demonstrated as a straightforward and innovative way to remove U(VI) from solutions. The PVC-NHA composite was exposed to exact testing using various techniques, including FT-IR, TGA, BET, ¹H NMR, SEM-EDX, ¹³C NMR, and GC–MS assessments, all of which demonstrated the successful preparation of PVC-NHA. The specifications for this composite were accurately carried out, guaranteeing a good result. The optimization of various experimental parameters led to the refinement of measurements such as pH, temperature, agitation time, starting U(VI) concentration, interfering ions, PVC-NHA composite dose, and eluting agents. The optimization adjustments were gained at a temperature of 25 °C, a pH of 3.5, 15 min agitation time, and 0.63 × 10^-3 mol/L U(VI). The PVC-NHA composite exhibited an impressive maximum uptake capacity of 63 mg/g. This uptake capacity was equivalent to a remarkable 126 mg/L of U(VI) ions. The sorption isotherm modelling showed that Langmuir’s model fitted the practical results quite well, which was superior to the performance of the Freundlich model. The theoretical value obtained from Langmuir’s model is 61.7 mg/g, which closely supports the experimental rate of 63 mg/g. Based on U(VI) kinetic adsorption modelling, the adsorption reaction of U(VI) and PVC-NHA could be accurately illustrated by mixed pseudo-first and second-order kinetic modelling. According to thermodynamics, the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and highly favorable at tiny temperatures. Notably, the loaded composite could be efficiently eluted using 1 M H₂SO₄, achieving a remarkable 99 % efficiency rate from an economic standpoint. The PVC-NHA composite exposed excellent selectivity towards most interfering ions, demonstrating a high tolerance limit.

聚氯乙烯基n -羟胺（PVC-NHA）被证明是一种直接而创新的从溶液中去除U（VI）的方法。使用FT-IR、TGA、BET、1H NMR、SEM-EDX、13C NMR和GC-MS等技术对PVC-NHA复合材料进行了精确测试，所有这些技术都证明了PVC-NHA的成功制备。该复合材料的性能指标得到了准确的执行，保证了良好的效果。通过对实验参数的优化，优化了pH、温度、搅拌时间、起始U（VI）浓度、干扰离子、PVC-NHA复合剂量、洗脱剂等参数。在温度为25℃，pH为3.5，搅拌时间为15 min， U（VI）浓度为0.63 × 10-3 mol/L的条件下，得到了最佳的调节值。PVC-NHA复合材料表现出令人印象深刻的最大吸收能力为63 mg/g。这种吸收能力相当于126mg /L的U（VI）离子。吸附等温线模拟结果表明，Langmuir模型较好地拟合了实际结果，优于Freundlich模型。Langmuir模型得到的理论值为61.7 mg/g，与实验值63 mg/g基本一致。在U（VI）吸附动力学模型的基础上，通过拟一、二级混合动力学模型可以较准确地描述U（VI）与PVC-NHA的吸附反应。根据热力学，吸附过程是自发的，放热的，在微小温度下非常有利。值得注意的是，负载的复合材料可以用1 M H2SO4有效地洗脱，从经济角度来看，效率达到了99%。PVC-NHA复合材料对大多数干扰离子表现出优异的选择性，表现出较高的耐受极限。

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引用次数: 0

Development of fly ash/melamine composites for crystal violate dye removal from aqueous media 粉煤灰/三聚氰胺复合材料去除水中晶体染料的研究

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101056

Imran Khan Rind , Ahmet Sarı , Mustafa Tuzen , Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani , Tawfik A. Saleh

Fly ash (FA) as a low-cost and easily obtainable by-product from thermal power plants is considered for the decontamination of inorganic and organic pollutants from wastewater. In this work, FA was grafted with melamine and the obtained composite was used for the adsorption of crystal violet (CV) from water. By modification of melamine, the surface of FA was enhanced with amide groups as effective binding groups for CV molecules and therefore achieved higher sorption capacity. The chemical and textural characteristics of the FA/Melamine composite were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Factorial designing was used for evaluating optimum adsorption parameters. ANOVA analysis of the P-value of individuals and combined variables was significant due to a P-value of less than 0.05 and a higher F-value. Equilibrium results show a monolayer isotherm model by Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum CV uptake capacity of 487 mg g⁻¹ under optimized conditions (250 mg adsorbent dosage, 10 ppm concentration, 30 min contact time and pH 6.0). Kinetic studies revealed that CV removal was nominated by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. CV dye molecules were adsorbed onto FA/Melamine composite via electrostatic attractions dipole–dipole interactions and n-π stacking interactions. Furthermore, the obtained results exposed that the synthesized FA/Melamine composite can be assessed as a promising sorbent for CV dye removal with high adsorption capacity.

粉煤灰作为一种低成本、易获取的火电厂副产物，被认为是去除废水中无机和有机污染物的有效原料。本研究将FA接枝三聚氰胺，所得复合材料用于吸附水中的结晶紫（CV）。通过对三聚氰胺的改性，FA表面增强了酰胺基团作为CV分子的有效结合基团，从而获得了更高的吸附能力。采用扫描电镜（SEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）研究了FA/三聚氰胺复合材料的化学和结构特征。用析因设计法评价最佳吸附参数。个体和组合变量的p值的ANOVA分析具有显著性，因为p值小于0.05，f值较高。平衡结果表明，在吸附剂用量为250 mg，浓度为10 ppm，接触时间为30 min， pH为6.0的条件下，采用Langmuir等温线模型建立的单层等温线模型最大CV吸收量为487 mg g−1。动力学研究表明，CV去除符合伪二阶（PSO）模型。通过静电吸引、偶极-偶极相互作用和n-π堆积相互作用，将CV染料分子吸附在FA/三聚氰胺复合材料上。结果表明，合成的FA/三聚氰胺复合材料具有较高的吸附能力，是一种很有前途的去除CV染料的吸附剂。

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引用次数: 0

Reactive transport and sorption behavior of pollutants in presence of redox-sensitive nano Fe0 impregnated graphene: Advancing towards continuous water filtration 氧化还原敏感的纳米Fe0浸渍石墨烯存在下污染物的反应传输和吸附行为：朝连续水过滤方向发展

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101053

Jai Kishan Rajak , Nitin Khandelwal , Zahid Ahmad Ganie , Dieter Schild , Gopala Krishna Darbha

Fe⁰ impregnated graphene has shown promising candidature for removing both organic and inorganic contaminants from aqueous solutions. The current study investigates and fills some of the missing gaps in their large-scale environmental applicability, including- contaminants removal from complex water matrices, simultaneous separation of multiple contaminants, and continuous water filtration possibilities. Both metals and dyes were chosen of varying ionic behavior to broaden the scope of the work.

One-step graphene oxide (GO) delamination and iron reduction were performed to prepare Fe⁰ impregnated graphene (GOI) composite. Results have shown growth of smaller spherical Fe⁰ nanoparticles (< 50 nm) on graphene with good dispersion and preserved redox state. XPS analysis of reaction precipitate confirmed that GOI could reduce CrO₄^2- to less toxic Cr(III) through reductive sorption. Removal capacities in batch mode were Ni (30.5 mg/g) < Cr (49.8 mg/g) < Cd (93.7 mg/g) < As (143.6 mg/g) in mono-metallic system. In a multi-metallic system, efficient total metal removal capacity (>340 mg/g) and continuous filtration efficiency (85 mg/g) was observed. GOI composite has also shown efficient removal and continuous separation of cationic methylene blue (81.3 mg/g), anionic methyl orange (79.7 mg/g), and zwitterionic rhodamine-B (31.7 mg/g). Electrostatic attraction on heterogeneous GOI surface, redox transformation, complexation, and co-precipitation with generated iron-oxy-hydroxide were major contaminant removal mechanisms. Results conclude a good potential of GOI composite in the separation of multiple pollutants from environmental matrices and continuous filtration of contaminated waters.

Fe0浸渍石墨烯已显示出从水溶液中去除有机和无机污染物的前景。目前的研究调查并填补了它们在大规模环境适用性方面的一些空白，包括从复杂水基质中去除污染物，同时分离多种污染物，以及连续水过滤的可能性。金属和染料都选择了不同的离子行为，以扩大工作的范围。采用一步法对氧化石墨烯（GO）进行分层和铁还原，制备了Fe0浸渍石墨烯（GOI）复合材料。结果表明，生长了更小的球形Fe0纳米颗粒(<；50 nm)，具有良好的分散性和保持氧化还原状态。反应沉淀的XPS分析证实，GOI可以通过还原吸附将CrO42-还原为毒性较小的Cr（III）。批处理模式的去除能力为Ni (30.5 mg/g) <；铬（49.8 mg/g） <；Cd (93.7 mg/g) <；As （143.6 mg/g）在单金属体系。在多金属系统中，观察到有效的总金属去除能力（>340 mg/g）和连续过滤效率（85 mg/g）。GOI复合材料对阳离子亚甲基蓝（81.3 mg/g）、阴离子甲基橙（79.7 mg/g）和两性离子罗丹明- b （31.7 mg/g）也有较好的去除效果。非均相GOI表面的静电吸引、氧化还原转化、络合以及与生成的氧化铁共沉淀是主要的污染物去除机制。结果表明，GOI复合材料在环境基质中多种污染物的分离和污染水体的连续过滤方面具有良好的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon-Based adsorbents for heavy metal removal in Wastewater: Green technology or environmental Burden? 碳基吸附剂去除废水中的重金属：绿色技术还是环境负担？

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101051

Yudha Gusti Wibowo

Water pollution from industrial, agricultural, and municipal sources demands effective and sustainable treatment solutions. Carbon-based adsorbents, such as activated carbon, biochar, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, offer promising pollutant removal capabilities due to their high adsorption capacities and versatility. However, their energy-intensive production, emissions, and challenges in regeneration raise concerns about environmental sustainability. This is the first study to provide a comprehensive evaluation of both the performance and environmental trade-offs associated with carbon-based adsorbents. Novelty of this study presents a new perspective, highlighting the double-edged nature of these materials—they offer significant pollutant removal potential but impose environmental burdens through energy consumption and chemical waste. It explores key applications, challenges, and trade-offs, such as variability in adsorption efficiency, high production costs, and risks of nanoparticle toxicity. Additionally, this study emphasizes the need for green production processes, composite adsorbents, and sustainable regeneration technologies to optimize their use. This review contributes a new perspective by addressing the dual role of carbon-based adsorbents as both solutions for and contributors to environmental challenges, providing actionable insights for advancing their application in sustainable water treatment systems.

来自工业、农业和城市的水污染需要有效和可持续的处理方案。碳基吸附剂，如活性炭、生物炭、碳纳米管和石墨烯，由于其高吸附能力和多功能性，提供了有前途的污染物去除能力。然而，它们的能源密集型生产、排放和再生挑战引发了人们对环境可持续性的担忧。这是第一个对碳基吸附剂的性能和环境权衡进行全面评估的研究。这项研究的新颖性提供了一个新的视角，突出了这些材料的双刃剑性质——它们提供了显著的污染物去除潜力，但通过能源消耗和化学废物给环境带来了负担。它探讨了关键的应用、挑战和权衡，如吸附效率的变化、高生产成本和纳米颗粒毒性的风险。此外，本研究强调需要绿色生产工艺、复合吸附剂和可持续再生技术来优化其使用。本综述通过解决碳基吸附剂作为环境挑战的解决方案和贡献者的双重作用，为推进其在可持续水处理系统中的应用提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics using Cu doped-SnO2/CQDs nanocomposites Cu掺杂sno2 /CQDs纳米复合材料光催化降解抗生素

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101052

L.A.S. Adolf Marvelraj, V.S. Priya

In this study, a copper-doped tin oxide/carbon quantum dot (CuSCs) nanocomposite was developed and applied for the photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics, specifically tetracycline (TCH) and sulfamethazine (SMT). The nanocomposite was characterized by the presence of metallic, carboxyl, and hydroxyl functional groups, with copper and CQDs uniformly distributed on the SnO₂ surface. The incorporation of Cu reduced the bandgap of the material, enhancing its visible-light absorption and photocatalytic activity. At an optimal dose of 40 mg/100 mL, the nanocomposite achieved 100 % degradation of TCH and 72 % degradation of SMT within 120 min. The variation in degradation efficiency was attributed to reactive species generated during photocatalysis, which preferentially disrupted the benzene ring in TCH over the sulfur-nitrogen bond in SMT. Maximum degradation was observed at an initial antibiotic concentration of 10 ppm. Light absorption by the solution was found to limit the production of oxidizing species, while pH optimization studies showed the highest degradation efficiencies at neutral pH (6.7–7.0). High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) identified possible TCH degradation pathways, and mineralization experiments demonstrated a 47 % reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) for TCH within 120 min. Reactive species trapping experiments revealed that h⁺ and O₂•⁻ were the primary contributors to TCH degradation. These findings highlight the potential of CuSCs nanocomposites for the efficient degradation of antibiotic pollutants under visible-light irradiation.

本研究开发了一种掺杂铜的氧化锡/碳量子点（CuSCs）纳米复合材料，并将其应用于光催化降解抗生素，特别是四环素（TCH）和磺胺甲基嗪（SMT）。该纳米复合材料具有金属官能团、羧基官能团和羟基官能团的存在，铜和CQDs均匀分布在SnO2表面。Cu的掺入减小了材料的带隙，增强了材料的可见光吸收和光催化活性。在最佳剂量为40 mg/100 mL时，纳米复合材料在120 min内对TCH和SMT的降解率分别达到100%和72%。降解效率的变化归因于光催化过程中产生的活性物质，这些活性物质优先破坏TCH中的苯环，而不是SMT中的硫氮键。在初始抗生素浓度为10ppm时观察到最大降解。研究发现，溶液的光吸收限制了氧化物质的产生，而pH优化研究表明，在中性pH（6.7-7.0）时，降解效率最高。高效液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）鉴定了TCH可能的降解途径，矿化实验表明，在120分钟内，TCH的总有机碳（TOC）减少了47%。活性物质捕获实验表明，h+和O2•−是TCH降解的主要因素。这些发现突出了CuSCs纳米复合材料在可见光照射下有效降解抗生素污染物的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Soil geochemistry and health risk assessment: A study of Kabini Basin, southern Western Ghats, India with special reference to heavy metalloids 土壤地球化学与健康风险评价：印度西高止山脉南部Kabini盆地研究，特别提及重金属

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101048

Himanshi Gupta , Appukuttanpillai Krishnakumar , Krishnan Anoop Krishnan

The present study analyzed the adulteration and health risk evaluation in the agricultural soil of Kabini basin. Along with the physico-chemical properties the geochemistry of ten heavy metalloids [HM(oids)] (V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Rb, Ga, Y, Ba, Zr, Sr) were studied by wavelength dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (WD-XRF) for monsoon and non-monsoon seasons. All the HM(oids) except for Sr and seasonal Zr are found to exceed the standards given by upper continental (UCC). The most diverse seasonal variation in the region is observed for Y (114%) and Rb (99%). The increasing population along the region demands higher resources and resulted in changing HM(oids) distribution along the basin. The evidence from the pollution assessment; geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and contamination factor (Cf) shows the moderate pollution risk due to Cr, V and Cu and overall evaluation as of pollution load index (PLI) shows low to moderate pollution conditions. The changing toxicity of HM(oids) in the soil imparts significant risk to the human health in all age groups. The common pathway; ingestion in the area shows high non-carcinogenic risk for both child and adult (for both seasons) and in dermal pathway Cu and Zr toxicity is observed among the child (both seasons). Additionally, Ni and Cr being the prominent carcinogens detected in the region, that might cause the chance of respiratory or lung related issues in the basin. The overall sources of these HM(oids)and their correlations was performed using PCA and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient suggest both geogenic and anthropogenic activities in the region. The source of (V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Rb) are geogenic and (Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Ba, Sr) are anthropogenic in the terrain.

本文对卡比尼盆地农业土壤中的掺假情况进行了分析和健康风险评价。利用波长色散x射线荧光光谱（WD-XRF）研究了季风和非季风季节10种重金属[HM(oids)] （V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn, Rb, Ga， Y, Ba, Zr, Sr）的理化性质和地球化学特征。除Sr和季节性Zr外，所有HM（oids）均超过了上大陆（UCC）的标准。该地区Y（114%）和Rb（99%）的季节变化最为多样。随着流域人口的不断增加，对资源的需求也越来越大，从而导致了流域HM（oid）分布的变化。污染评价的证据；地质累积指数（Igeo）和污染因子（Cf）显示出Cr、V和Cu的中等污染风险，污染负荷指数（PLI）的综合评价显示出低至中等污染状况。土壤中HM（oid）毒性的变化给所有年龄组的人类健康带来重大风险。公共通道；该地区的摄入对儿童和成人（两个季节）都显示出很高的非致癌风险，并且在皮肤途径中观察到儿童（两个季节）的Cu和Zr毒性。此外，镍和铬是该地区检测到的主要致癌物，这可能会导致盆地呼吸或肺部相关问题的发生。利用主成分分析（PCA）分析了这些HM（oid）的总体来源及其相关性，Spearman等级相关系数反映了该地区的地质活动和人为活动。其中（V、Cr、Ni、Ga、Rb）为地源，（Cu、Zn、Y、Zr、Ba、Sr）为人为源。

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引用次数: 0

Graphene Oxide@4-(2-Aminoethyl)Benzo-12-Crown-4 Grafted- PVDF/Polyamide nanocomposite for water treatment 水处理用石墨烯Oxide@4-（2-氨基乙基）苯并-12冠-4接枝- PVDF/聚酰胺纳米复合材料

Q1 Environmental Science

Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring and Management

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2025.101050

Khaled M. Ossoss , Abbas A. Abdullahi , Shaikh A. Ali , Tawfik A. Saleh

Separation techniques based on membrane technology are crucial due to high efficiency, good durability, and mechanical stability. The separation process can be enhanced by improving the separation efficiency for heavy metals and hydrocarbons and the surface wettability of membranes. Herein, the dopamine crown ether was first synthesized. ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and ¹⁵N NMR spectra confirmed the formation of dopamine crown ether. This compound was then grafted on the graphene oxide via nucleophilic addition where amine interacted with the epoxy of the graphene. This was achieved by covalent bonding of GO with dopamine crown ether moieties through a chemical grafting reaction. The obtained modified graphene (GO@12-C-4) was then embedded into the polyamide via interfacial polymerization onto the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane support. The polyamide layer (PAm) with nanocomposite of graphene oxide@12-Crown-4 (GO@12-C-4) adjusted the surface of the membrane. The influence of the PAm and GO@12-C-4 on the structure, and morphology of the GO@12-C-4-g- PAm/PVDF membrane was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction results indicate the successful preparation. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the membrane surface morphology. When it was used in water treatment, the prepared membrane was very stable under an operating pressure of 300 kPa with 23.8 L.m^-2h⁻¹ flux. The membrane showed a rejection of about 99 % for hydrocarbons (pentane, toluene, hexadecane, and isooctane), and over 90 % for the tested heavy metals (lead, cobalt, and strontium). It showed also a good rejection of salts. The results indicated the comparable performance of the reported new membrane compared with those reported in the literature. This study provides new insights into surface transformation to advance PVDF membranes’ flux and separation properties in water purification.

基于膜技术的分离技术因其高效、耐用和机械稳定性而至关重要。通过提高膜对重金属和碳氢化合物的分离效率，提高膜的表面润湿性，可以改善分离过程。本文首次合成了多巴胺冠醚。1H NMR、13C NMR和15N NMR谱证实了多巴胺冠醚的形成。然后通过亲核加成将该化合物接枝到氧化石墨烯上，其中胺与石墨烯的环氧树脂相互作用。这是通过化学接枝反应实现氧化石墨烯与多巴胺冠醚部分的共价键。将得到的改性石墨烯（GO@12-C-4）通过界面聚合嵌入到聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜载体上。聚酰胺层（PAm）与石墨烯纳米复合材料oxide@12-Crown-4 （GO@12-C-4）调节膜的表面。考察了PAm和GO@12-C-4对GO@12-C-4-g- PAm/PVDF膜结构和形貌的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和x射线衍射结果表明制备成功。用扫描电镜（SEM）对膜表面形貌进行了评价。当用于水处理时，制备的膜在300 kPa的操作压力和23.8 l - m-2h−1的通量下非常稳定。该膜对碳氢化合物（戊烷、甲苯、十六烷和异辛烷）的去除率约为99%，对重金属（铅、钴和锶）的去除率超过90%。它还表现出良好的拒盐性。结果表明，所报道的新膜与文献报道的膜性能相当。该研究为提高PVDF膜在水净化中的通量和分离性能提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0