Citrus pruning generates tens of millions of tons of biomass annually, representing an underutilized resource with potential for value-added production through mushroom cultivation. However, the extensive use of pesticides in citrus orchards, which involves the application of about 200 different pesticides, raises concerns about the potential transfer of pesticide from the pruning residues used as growth substrate to the mushroom fruit bodies. To assess the feasibility and safety of using this resource, wood ear mushroom (Auricularia polytricha) were cultivated on a medium composed of 85 % citrus pruning residues and 10 % sweet potato shochu lees. Mushroom fruitbody yield grown on this medium was comparable to that of the control medium of broadleaf tree sawdust and rice bran. Fruitbody composition showed slightly higher protein content and lower carbohydrate levels when grown on the pruning residue-based medium. After mycelial growth, six pesticides were detected in the mushroom medium, but only boscalid was found in the fruitbodies at trace levels of 0.003 ppm (fresh basis). These results demonstrate the potential of citrus pruning residues, in combination with sweet potato shochu lees, as a safe sustainable substrate for wood ear mushroom cultivation.
{"title":"Application of citrus tree pruning residues in wood ear mushroom cultivation: Fate of pesticides and fruitbody safety","authors":"Shota Uchizono , Fumio Yagi , Shinnosuke Miyahara , Masayoshi Yamada , Takashi Yamaguchi , Kyohei Kuroda , Masahito Yamauchi","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citrus pruning generates tens of millions of tons of biomass annually, representing an underutilized resource with potential for value-added production through mushroom cultivation. However, the extensive use of pesticides in citrus orchards, which involves the application of about 200 different pesticides, raises concerns about the potential transfer of pesticide from the pruning residues used as growth substrate to the mushroom fruit bodies. To assess the feasibility and safety of using this resource, wood ear mushroom (<em>Auricularia polytricha</em>) were cultivated on a medium composed of 85 % citrus pruning residues and 10 % sweet potato shochu lees. Mushroom fruitbody yield grown on this medium was comparable to that of the control medium of broadleaf tree sawdust and rice bran. Fruitbody composition showed slightly higher protein content and lower carbohydrate levels when grown on the pruning residue-based medium. After mycelial growth, six pesticides were detected in the mushroom medium, but only boscalid was found in the fruitbodies at trace levels of 0.003 ppm (fresh basis). These results demonstrate the potential of citrus pruning residues, in combination with sweet potato shochu lees, as a safe sustainable substrate for wood ear mushroom cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104701"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104768
Yunji Wang , Lin An , Liji Chen , Kaiqing Fan , Jidong Ying , Chuxia Lin , Junhao Qin , Rongliang Qiu
Mitigating arsenic (As) accumulation in rice while maintaining yield is a critical challenge for food safety. This study demonstrates that in-situ reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, driven by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from natural rain and anthropogenic source (urea hydrogen peroxide, UHP), effectively addresses this challenge. A pot experiment revealed that both H2O2 sources, especially UHP, significantly induced in-situ production of ROS levels (H2O2 and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The ROS burst effectively suppressed the mobility of As by oxidizing 57–83 % of the mobile As(III) to the less bioavailable As(V) in soil porewater during the heading stage, thereby significantly reduced As accumulation in both aboveground and belowground tissues by 15.3–34.7 %. Critically, total As concentration in rice grains was markedly decreased by 17.7–30.1 % under both H2O2 sources, with UHP being more effective than rain, and showed significant negative correlations with both H2O2 and •OH levels. Simultaneously, rice yield was significantly improved, showing the greatest enhancement under UHP amendment, and demonstrating a strong positive correlation with ROS levels. These findings confirm that H2O2-driven ROS generation, particularly from UHP amendment, provides a promising in-situ strategy for the dual goals of reducing grain As accumulation and enhancing yield in As-contaminated paddy fields.
{"title":"Mitigating arsenic contamination and boosting rice yield with natural and anthropogenic H2O2 sources","authors":"Yunji Wang , Lin An , Liji Chen , Kaiqing Fan , Jidong Ying , Chuxia Lin , Junhao Qin , Rongliang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mitigating arsenic (As) accumulation in rice while maintaining yield is a critical challenge for food safety. This study demonstrates that in-situ reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, driven by hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) from natural rain and anthropogenic source (urea hydrogen peroxide, UHP), effectively addresses this challenge. A pot experiment revealed that both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> sources, especially UHP, significantly induced in-situ production of ROS levels (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and hydroxyl radicals (•OH). The ROS burst effectively suppressed the mobility of As by oxidizing 57–83 % of the mobile As(III) to the less bioavailable As(V) in soil porewater during the heading stage, thereby significantly reduced As accumulation in both aboveground and belowground tissues by 15.3–34.7 %. Critically, total As concentration in rice grains was markedly decreased by 17.7–30.1 % under both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> sources, with UHP being more effective than rain, and showed significant negative correlations with both H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and •OH levels. Simultaneously, rice yield was significantly improved, showing the greatest enhancement under UHP amendment, and demonstrating a strong positive correlation with ROS levels. These findings confirm that H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-driven ROS generation, particularly from UHP amendment, provides a promising in-situ strategy for the dual goals of reducing grain As accumulation and enhancing yield in As-contaminated paddy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104768"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104796
Shuangli Du , Jiahui Qi , Huan Zhang , Jiabao Qi , Yitao Li , Mingji Ding
To improve mine safety and production efficiency, it is essential to thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanisms by which the mine environment affects methane (CH4) explosions. This study explores the processes of chain initiation and the critical elementary reactions in CH4 oxidation under varying temperatures and environmental conditions (O2/CO/CO2/H2O) through reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The findings suggest that in CO/CO2 atmospheres, CO plays a dominant role in initiating the chain reaction for CH4 explosions. Additionally, as the concentration of CO decreases, the time required to initiate the CH4 reaction increases. CO2 engages in the reaction CO2 + H → CO + OH (R1) at high temperatures, thereby increasing the concentration of highly reactive OH radicals. In CO/H2O atmospheres, CO remains a dominant factor in the CH4 explosion chain initiation, while H2O enhances the reaction by increasing OH radical content. In CO2/H2O atmospheres, the chemical equilibrium effects of CO2 and H2O, along with the third-body effect of H2O, collectively inhibit the CH4 reaction rate at low temperatures and high CO2 concentrations. However, at higher temperatures, the reactivities of CO2 and H2O are enhanced, generating OH radicals, which accelerates the CH4 reaction. Furthermore, H2O competes with CO2 for H radicals, inhibiting reaction R1.
{"title":"Exploring the intrinsic mechanism of the effects of multicomponent gases on methane oxidation under explosion condition","authors":"Shuangli Du , Jiahui Qi , Huan Zhang , Jiabao Qi , Yitao Li , Mingji Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104796","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104796","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve mine safety and production efficiency, it is essential to thoroughly understand the intrinsic mechanisms by which the mine environment affects methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) explosions. This study explores the processes of chain initiation and the critical elementary reactions in CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation under varying temperatures and environmental conditions (O<sub>2</sub>/CO/CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O) through reactive molecular dynamics simulations. The findings suggest that in CO/CO<sub>2</sub> atmospheres, CO plays a dominant role in initiating the chain reaction for CH<sub>4</sub> explosions. Additionally, as the concentration of CO decreases, the time required to initiate the CH<sub>4</sub> reaction increases. CO<sub>2</sub> engages in the reaction CO<sub>2</sub> + H → CO + OH (R1) at high temperatures, thereby increasing the concentration of highly reactive OH radicals. In CO/H<sub>2</sub>O atmospheres, CO remains a dominant factor in the CH<sub>4</sub> explosion chain initiation, while H<sub>2</sub>O enhances the reaction by increasing OH radical content. In CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O atmospheres, the chemical equilibrium effects of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O, along with the third-body effect of H<sub>2</sub>O, collectively inhibit the CH<sub>4</sub> reaction rate at low temperatures and high CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. However, at higher temperatures, the reactivities of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O are enhanced, generating OH radicals, which accelerates the CH<sub>4</sub> reaction. Furthermore, H<sub>2</sub>O competes with CO<sub>2</sub> for H radicals, inhibiting reaction R1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104796"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104680
Laiyun Zhang , Liyan Teng , Liudong Xu , Feng Cui , Tingting Chai
Citalopram is a widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Citalopram and its demethylated metabolites have been frequently detected with enantiomer-specific in aquatic environments. The characteristics of chirality and demethylation make citalopram-induced cardiotoxicity more complex. In this study, we carried out an 11-day exposure experiment at an environmentally relevant concentration (500 ng/L), using racemic and individual enantiomers of citalopram, desmethyl-citalopram, and didemethyl-citalopram to assess the differential cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae. Racemic exposure experiments showed that S-enantiomers of citalopram, desmethyl-citalopram, and didemethyl-citalopram were preferentially accumulated over R-enantiomers. S-enantiomer exposure demonstrated that the demethylation behavior occurred, and its demethylated metabolites accumulated. This biotransformation could result from an abnormality of cytochrome P450 gene expression. The demethylated citalopram induced cardiac malformations more severe than those induced by the parent compound in developmental zebrafish, especially induced by S-enantiomers. Dissection of cardiac tissues revealed that S-didemethyl-citalopram exposure induced the worst increase in heartbeats and impaired ejection fraction in developmental zebrafish, which might be mediated by calcium dysregulation and dysfunction of myocardial contractility. Our findings could offer a comprehensive perspective on citalopram-induced cardiotoxicity in non-target aquatic organisms and highlight the importance of metabolic transformation and chirality of environmental pollutants in ecosystem risk assessments.
{"title":"Mechanism of aggravated cardiotoxicity induced by demethylated metabolites of chiral citalopram in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Laiyun Zhang , Liyan Teng , Liudong Xu , Feng Cui , Tingting Chai","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Citalopram is a widely prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. Citalopram and its demethylated metabolites have been frequently detected with enantiomer-specific in aquatic environments. The characteristics of chirality and demethylation make citalopram-induced cardiotoxicity more complex. In this study, we carried out an 11-day exposure experiment at an environmentally relevant concentration (500 ng/L), using racemic and individual enantiomers of citalopram, desmethyl-citalopram, and didemethyl-citalopram to assess the differential cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryo-larvae. Racemic exposure experiments showed that S-enantiomers of citalopram, desmethyl-citalopram, and didemethyl-citalopram were preferentially accumulated over R-enantiomers. S-enantiomer exposure demonstrated that the demethylation behavior occurred, and its demethylated metabolites accumulated. This biotransformation could result from an abnormality of cytochrome P450 gene expression. The demethylated citalopram induced cardiac malformations more severe than those induced by the parent compound in developmental zebrafish, especially induced by S-enantiomers. Dissection of cardiac tissues revealed that S-didemethyl-citalopram exposure induced the worst increase in heartbeats and impaired ejection fraction in developmental zebrafish, which might be mediated by calcium dysregulation and dysfunction of myocardial contractility. Our findings could offer a comprehensive perspective on citalopram-induced cardiotoxicity in non-target aquatic organisms and highlight the importance of metabolic transformation and chirality of environmental pollutants in ecosystem risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104680"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104744
Zhijie Li , Yanjie Li , Ling Li , Xuyong Yu , Hongguang Liu , Ping Gong
Deep tillage can reduce soil salinity, improve soil health, and enhance productivity. However, the effects of deep tillage on soil aggregate stability and the mechanisms underlying salinity mitigation remain poorly understood during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation. This study conducted a two-year experiment (2022–2023) in southern Xinjiang, China, with three tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT, 20 cm depth), and two deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) treatments: continuous DVRT (CDT) and alternating DVRT with CT (DT) at three depths (20, 40, 60 cm). Deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) effectively disrupts the plow pan, significantly reducing soil bulk density and enhancing pore connectivity throughout the soil profile. This structural improvement promotes irrigation-driven downward salt migration. Desalination was most pronounced under the CDT40 and CDT60 treatments, with the largest reductions observed in soluble sulfate and chloride ions. DVRT shifted the aggregate-size distribution toward finer fractions, resulting in reduced macro-aggregate proportions and lower mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates. These changes were primarily driven by mechanical fragmentation and irrigation-induced salt leaching, which reduced root-zone ionic strength and weakened salt-induced flocculation. Electrical conductivity (EC) and salt stock were significantly negatively correlated with crop yield, whereas effective desalination was associated with reduced MWD and GMD and increased yield. However, continuous deep disturbance (CDT), although enhancing early-stage desalination, reduced root-zone water storage due to excessive soil loosening and induced salt re-accumulation during the late growing season. Post-harvest EC in the 0–60 cm soil profile increased by 20 % and 35 % under CDT40 and CDT60, respectively, and EC under CDT60 exceeded that under DT60, ultimately resulting in yield reduction. Overall, the agronomic benefits of DVRT depend on balancing salt removal with root-zone water conservation, and moderate deep tillage is more conducive to achieving stable yield improvement during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation.
{"title":"The role of proper deep tillage in balancing soil aggregate stability, salinity, and crop yield in the early stages of salinized farmland improvement","authors":"Zhijie Li , Yanjie Li , Ling Li , Xuyong Yu , Hongguang Liu , Ping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep tillage can reduce soil salinity, improve soil health, and enhance productivity. However, the effects of deep tillage on soil aggregate stability and the mechanisms underlying salinity mitigation remain poorly understood during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation. This study conducted a two-year experiment (2022–2023) in southern Xinjiang, China, with three tillage treatments: conventional tillage (CT, 20 cm depth), and two deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) treatments: continuous DVRT (CDT) and alternating DVRT with CT (DT) at three depths (20, 40, 60 cm). Deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) effectively disrupts the plow pan, significantly reducing soil bulk density and enhancing pore connectivity throughout the soil profile. This structural improvement promotes irrigation-driven downward salt migration. Desalination was most pronounced under the CDT40 and CDT60 treatments, with the largest reductions observed in soluble sulfate and chloride ions. DVRT shifted the aggregate-size distribution toward finer fractions, resulting in reduced macro-aggregate proportions and lower mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates. These changes were primarily driven by mechanical fragmentation and irrigation-induced salt leaching, which reduced root-zone ionic strength and weakened salt-induced flocculation. Electrical conductivity (EC) and salt stock were significantly negatively correlated with crop yield, whereas effective desalination was associated with reduced MWD and GMD and increased yield. However, continuous deep disturbance (CDT), although enhancing early-stage desalination, reduced root-zone water storage due to excessive soil loosening and induced salt re-accumulation during the late growing season. Post-harvest EC in the 0–60 cm soil profile increased by 20 % and 35 % under CDT40 and CDT60, respectively, and EC under CDT60 exceeded that under DT60, ultimately resulting in yield reduction. Overall, the agronomic benefits of DVRT depend on balancing salt removal with root-zone water conservation, and moderate deep tillage is more conducive to achieving stable yield improvement during the early stages of salinized farmland reclamation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104744"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104730
Qi Zhu , Lingquan Zeng , Ye Zheng , Zishu Ye , Chun Ye , Chunhua Li
In recent years, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant widely used in daily life and industrial production, has significantly increased in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. By altering microbial activity, SDS pollution exerts a non-negligible impact on the ability of lake-terrestrial ecotones to intercept and purify pollutants. This study provides novel insights by demonstrating the concentration-dependent effects of SDS on microbial-driven carbon and nitrogen cycling in lake-terrestrial ecotones, advancing beyond previous work through large-scale simulations that link functional gene dynamics to pollutant removal. Results indicated: (1) Rising SDS concentrations stimulated growth of some soil microorganisms in lake-terrestrial ecotones (e.g., Opitutaceae and Burkholderiales), while inhibiting SDS-sensitive microbes (e.g., Nitrospiraceae). (2) Functional genes exhibited differential responses to SDS concentration changes. Functional genes associated with carbon fixation, methane production, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification displayed heightened sensitivity to SDS concentration changes. (3) SDS addition significantly influenced nitrogen transformation processes, manifested as enhanced nitrification and denitrification functions. This drove a dynamic equilibrium between nitrification and denitrification, thereby enhancing the coupling between carbon and nitrogen cycles. (4) At an SDS concentration of 6 mg/L, microbial activity was inhibited, but microbial community structure remained relatively unchanged. When SDS concentration increased to 10 mg/L, the microbial community shifted toward a pollution-tolerant type. This provided a carbon source for microorganisms capable of degrading SDS, thereby enhancing nitrogen cycling processes in the lake-terrestrial ecotone.
{"title":"Effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) pollution on carbon and nitrogen cycling driven by microbes in the lake-terrestrial ecotone","authors":"Qi Zhu , Lingquan Zeng , Ye Zheng , Zishu Ye , Chun Ye , Chunhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant widely used in daily life and industrial production, has significantly increased in domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. By altering microbial activity, SDS pollution exerts a non-negligible impact on the ability of lake-terrestrial ecotones to intercept and purify pollutants. This study provides novel insights by demonstrating the concentration-dependent effects of SDS on microbial-driven carbon and nitrogen cycling in lake-terrestrial ecotones, advancing beyond previous work through large-scale simulations that link functional gene dynamics to pollutant removal. Results indicated: (1) Rising SDS concentrations stimulated growth of some soil microorganisms in lake-terrestrial ecotones (e.g., <em>Opitutaceae</em> and <em>Burkholderiales</em>), while inhibiting SDS-sensitive microbes (e.g., <em>Nitrospiraceae</em>). (2) Functional genes exhibited differential responses to SDS concentration changes. Functional genes associated with carbon fixation, methane production, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification displayed heightened sensitivity to SDS concentration changes. (3) SDS addition significantly influenced nitrogen transformation processes, manifested as enhanced nitrification and denitrification functions. This drove a dynamic equilibrium between nitrification and denitrification, thereby enhancing the coupling between carbon and nitrogen cycles. (4) At an SDS concentration of 6 mg/L, microbial activity was inhibited, but microbial community structure remained relatively unchanged. When SDS concentration increased to 10 mg/L, the microbial community shifted toward a pollution-tolerant type. This provided a carbon source for microorganisms capable of degrading SDS, thereby enhancing nitrogen cycling processes in the lake-terrestrial ecotone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104730"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104746
Min-Seok Choi , Sung-Hwan Kim , Yong-Hyun Kim
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its toxic oxidation product, 6PPD-quinone, are emerging environmental contaminants of global concern. While current research primarily focuses on particle-bound pathways, the potential for gas-phase release from tire materials under friction-induced thermal conditions remains poorly quantified. This gas-phase pathway is critical as it may facilitate rapid atmospheric conversion to 6PPD-quinone, contributing to complex near-field exposure risks. This study investigated the temperature dependence of gaseous 6PPD emissions using thermal desorption as a proxy for tire-road thermal regimes. Fragments of new tires, used tires, and recycled rubber products were heated isothermally (150–220°C) under an inert gas purge. For new tire fragments, significant emissions began at 190°C and exhibited a sharp, linear increase with temperature (R2 > 0.9999). Detectable, albeit lower, temperature-responsive emissions were also observed in tires aged five years and in recycled playground mats, confirming the persistence of releasable 6PPD. Arrhenius-based extrapolation to a representative on-road surface temperature of 60°C suggests a lifetime cumulative gas-phase release of up to 0.543 g per tire. This magnitude is comparable to estimates of the particle-bound pathway (∼1 g per tire). However, it must be noted that these values are derived from accelerated high-temperature tests and represent an upper-bound emission potential; actual on-road fluxes will be influenced by specific aerodynamic and oxidative boundary conditions. Nonetheless, these findings indicate that the gas-phase pathway is likely significant and warrants inclusion in future exposure and risk assessment frameworks.
{"title":"Gas-phase release of 6PPD from tire materials under friction-relevant thermal conditions","authors":"Min-Seok Choi , Sung-Hwan Kim , Yong-Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its toxic oxidation product, 6PPD-quinone, are emerging environmental contaminants of global concern. While current research primarily focuses on particle-bound pathways, the potential for gas-phase release from tire materials under friction-induced thermal conditions remains poorly quantified. This gas-phase pathway is critical as it may facilitate rapid atmospheric conversion to 6PPD-quinone, contributing to complex near-field exposure risks. This study investigated the temperature dependence of gaseous 6PPD emissions using thermal desorption as a proxy for tire-road thermal regimes. Fragments of new tires, used tires, and recycled rubber products were heated isothermally (150–220°C) under an inert gas purge. For new tire fragments, significant emissions began at 190°C and exhibited a sharp, linear increase with temperature (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.9999). Detectable, albeit lower, temperature-responsive emissions were also observed in tires aged five years and in recycled playground mats, confirming the persistence of releasable 6PPD. Arrhenius-based extrapolation to a representative on-road surface temperature of 60°C suggests a lifetime cumulative gas-phase release of up to 0.543 g per tire. This magnitude is comparable to estimates of the particle-bound pathway (∼1 g per tire). However, it must be noted that these values are derived from accelerated high-temperature tests and represent an upper-bound emission potential; actual on-road fluxes will be influenced by specific aerodynamic and oxidative boundary conditions. Nonetheless, these findings indicate that the gas-phase pathway is likely significant and warrants inclusion in future exposure and risk assessment frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104746"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-05DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104681
Zeyad M. Abdulhamid , Yazan Abuhasheesh , Mohamed E. Daoud , Mahendra Kumar , Dalaver H. Anjum , Pau Loke Show , Shadi W. Hasan
Agricultural and algal biomass residues are emerging as promising low-cost feedstocks for energy storage electrodes. In this work, waste Dunaliella salina microalgal biomass was converted into biochar through pyrolysis and directly deposited onto nickel foam to fabricate a binder-free electrode. The biochar electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 507.9 F/g and maintained 104 % retention after 2000 continuous cycles, highlighting excellent electrochemical reversibility in alkaline electrolyte. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) simulations using a nitrogen/oxygen co-doped graphene supercell revealed a strong potassium adsorption energy, partial charge transfer to heteroatom-rich sites, and band structure modifications, including gap opening (0.1861 eV), all indicating enhanced ion affinity and transport. These theoretical findings complement the experimental results, providing a fundamental understanding of the role of heteroatom doping in optimizing electrochemical performance. This work presents a sustainable pathway for developing high-performance electrode materials using microalgal biomass wastes.
{"title":"Waste microalgal biomass-derived biochar electrode for sustainable high-performance supercapacitors: Experimental and computational insights","authors":"Zeyad M. Abdulhamid , Yazan Abuhasheesh , Mohamed E. Daoud , Mahendra Kumar , Dalaver H. Anjum , Pau Loke Show , Shadi W. Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural and algal biomass residues are emerging as promising low-cost feedstocks for energy storage electrodes. In this work, waste <em>Dunaliella salina</em> microalgal biomass was converted into biochar through pyrolysis and directly deposited onto nickel foam to fabricate a binder-free electrode. The biochar electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 507.9 F/g and maintained 104 % retention after 2000 continuous cycles, highlighting excellent electrochemical reversibility in alkaline electrolyte. Complementary density functional theory (DFT) simulations using a nitrogen/oxygen co-doped graphene supercell revealed a strong potassium adsorption energy, partial charge transfer to heteroatom-rich sites, and band structure modifications, including gap opening (0.1861 eV), all indicating enhanced ion affinity and transport. These theoretical findings complement the experimental results, providing a fundamental understanding of the role of heteroatom doping in optimizing electrochemical performance. This work presents a sustainable pathway for developing high-performance electrode materials using microalgal biomass wastes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104681"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2025-12-09DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2025.104694
Zongyu Mu , Qingqi Die , Fei Wang , Qifei Huang , Siqi Xu , Yufei Yang , Zhongli Luo
Heavy metals exhibit high leachability in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA), which brings severe environmental threats. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) of heavy metals can not be achieved by using cement alone to comply with the regulatory standard of China. The study explored the effect and mechanism of S/S heavy metals in FA with different dosages of piperazine chelating agent (TS300) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC525). The kinetic results additionally reveal surface wash-off as the predominant leaching mechanism. This study quantified the regulatory effects of TS300 on physical transport properties of OPC525 matrix through non-reactive tracer technique. Despite the more open pore network, heavy metals were effectively immobilized, mainly due to two synergistic chemical mechanisms: the formation of stable heavy metal–thiol coordination bonds and the crystallographic transformation of hydration products from ettringite to Friedel’s salt. This chemical S/S mechanism enhanced chemical retention factors by 9–3458 fold, demonstrating that the synergistic chemical effects of coordination bond formation and hydration products optimization far exceed traditional physical encapsulation mechanisms. These findings provide new insights into dual-mechanism design strategies for heavy metals S/S.
{"title":"Heavy metals leaching control in fly ash through cement and chelating agent solidification: A microstructural evolution kinetics study","authors":"Zongyu Mu , Qingqi Die , Fei Wang , Qifei Huang , Siqi Xu , Yufei Yang , Zhongli Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2025.104694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals exhibit high leachability in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA), which brings severe environmental threats. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) of heavy metals can not be achieved by using cement alone to comply with the regulatory standard of China. The study explored the effect and mechanism of S/S heavy metals in FA with different dosages of piperazine chelating agent (TS300) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC525). The kinetic results additionally reveal surface wash-off as the predominant leaching mechanism. This study quantified the regulatory effects of TS300 on physical transport properties of OPC525 matrix through non-reactive tracer technique. Despite the more open pore network, heavy metals were effectively immobilized, mainly due to two synergistic chemical mechanisms: the formation of stable heavy metal–thiol coordination bonds and the crystallographic transformation of hydration products from ettringite to Friedel’s salt. This chemical S/S mechanism enhanced chemical retention factors by 9–3458 fold, demonstrating that the synergistic chemical effects of coordination bond formation and hydration products optimization far exceed traditional physical encapsulation mechanisms. These findings provide new insights into dual-mechanism design strategies for heavy metals S/S.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104694"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2026.104762
Caiting Mai , Xiuli Dang , Long Zhao , Davydova Daria , Fuyang Ma , Mengmeng Bao , Fengzhuo Geng , Iseult Lynch
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant frequently detected in soils, has received increasing attention due to growing demands for soil environmental guideline values that ensure acceptable ecological risk. However, systematic evaluations of PFOA ecotoxicity under realistic soil conditions remain limited. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model soil organism, following ISO 10872, to assess PFOA-induced effects on growth, fertility, and reproduction after seven days of exposure in six representative Chinese soils. Oxidative stress responses were also measured, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). PFOA exposure significantly inhibited all biological endpoints, with EC50 values of 28 ∼ 59 mg·kg−1 for growth, 19 ∼ 53 mg·kg−1 for fertility (expressed as the percentage of gravid adults), and 19 ∼ 39 mg·kg−1 for reproduction. Soil physicochemical properties strongly influenced toxicity. Stepwise regression analysis identified cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and free Fe oxides (FeFO) as major predictors of growth toxicity, explaining 89.7 % of the variance (P < 0.05). For fertility and reproduction, total Fe (Fetotal) was the primary determinant, while the addition of pH, amorphous Fe/Al oxides (FeAO, AlAO), and total Al (Altotal) further improved model performance. PFOA also induced pronounced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased ROS and MDA levels and biphasic SOD and CAT responses, indicating disruption of antioxidant defenses at higher exposures. Overall, these findings clarify how soil geochemistry modulates the bioavailability and ecological toxicity of PFOA, providing essential evidence for developing soil quality standards, environmental guideline values, and improved ecological risk assessments.
{"title":"Soil property-dependent toxicity and oxidative stress induced by perfluorooctanoic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Caiting Mai , Xiuli Dang , Long Zhao , Davydova Daria , Fuyang Ma , Mengmeng Bao , Fengzhuo Geng , Iseult Lynch","doi":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.eti.2026.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant frequently detected in soils, has received increasing attention due to growing demands for soil environmental guideline values that ensure acceptable ecological risk. However, systematic evaluations of PFOA ecotoxicity under realistic soil conditions remain limited. In this study, <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> (<em>C. elegans</em>) was used as a model soil organism, following ISO 10872, to assess PFOA-induced effects on growth, fertility, and reproduction after seven days of exposure in six representative Chinese soils. Oxidative stress responses were also measured, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). PFOA exposure significantly inhibited all biological endpoints, with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 28 ∼ 59 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for growth, 19 ∼ 53 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for fertility (expressed as the percentage of gravid adults), and 19 ∼ 39 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> for reproduction. Soil physicochemical properties strongly influenced toxicity. Stepwise regression analysis identified cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM), and free Fe oxides (Fe<sub>FO</sub>) as major predictors of growth toxicity, explaining 89.7 % of the variance (<em>P</em> < 0.05). For fertility and reproduction, total Fe (Fe<sub>total</sub>) was the primary determinant, while the addition of pH, amorphous Fe/Al oxides (Fe<sub>AO</sub>, Al<sub>AO</sub>), and total Al (Al<sub>total</sub>) further improved model performance. PFOA also induced pronounced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased ROS and MDA levels and biphasic SOD and CAT responses, indicating disruption of antioxidant defenses at higher exposures. Overall, these findings clarify how soil geochemistry modulates the bioavailability and ecological toxicity of PFOA, providing essential evidence for developing soil quality standards, environmental guideline values, and improved ecological risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11725,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Technology & Innovation","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 104762"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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