Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2207
Juan Lu, Jie Shen
RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene-silencing mechanism extensively studied in invertebrates. It involves introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific genes and observe phenotypic effects. RNAi has revolutionized insect science research by enabling the investigation of gene function and novel approaches in pest management. With the development of the omics technology, more and more genes have been screened and used for research and production. The target genes are typically those essential for the survival, growth, development, or specific biological processes. This comprehensive review covers advancements in target genes and signaling pathways across various insect orders, providing insights into genetic functions and potential candidates for pest control strategies.
{"title":"Target genes for RNAi in pest control: A comprehensive overview","authors":"Juan Lu, Jie Shen","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2207","url":null,"abstract":"RNA interference (RNAi) is a gene-silencing mechanism extensively studied in invertebrates. It involves introducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to silence specific genes and observe phenotypic effects. RNAi has revolutionized insect science research by enabling the investigation of gene function and novel approaches in pest management. With the development of the omics technology, more and more genes have been screened and used for research and production. The target genes are typically those essential for the survival, growth, development, or specific biological processes. This comprehensive review covers advancements in target genes and signaling pathways across various insect orders, providing insights into genetic functions and potential candidates for pest control strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2114
Abdelhameed Moussa, Stefano Nones, Patrizia Elena Vannucchi, Gul-i-Rayna Shahzad, Jessica Dittmer, Erika Corretto, Martin Schebeck, Massimo Faccoli, Andrea Battisti, Christian Stauffer, Hannes Schuler
The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is a pest causing severe damage in forests dominated by Norway spruce in Europe. Microorganisms play essential roles in bark beetles, including nutrition, fitness as well as in overcoming host defenses. Here, we performed high-throughput 16S rRNA metabarcoding of I. typographus across different populations in Europe, to assess its bacterial community. We investigated four postglacial refugial areas in Europe and focused specifically on a current bark beetle hot spot in the Dolomites where we compared populations with different epidemiological phases (outbreaking vs. non-outbreaking) and across different seasons (pre-overwintering vs. overwintering). Our results show that the bacterial community structure varied among populations from the refugial areas and between different regions within the Dolomites. We found a significant difference in the bacterial community between pre-overwintering and overwintering individuals, but we did not find differences between epidemic and endemic populations. The prevalence of the genera Erwinia (which was present in all individuals) and Pseudoxanthomonas (present in almost all individuals) across all populations suggests that these taxa form the core bacterial community of I. typographus. Furthermore, several additional bacterial taxa occurred in all populations, but with variable frequencies. This study highlights a complex interaction of I. typographus and various bacterial taxa across different regions and ecological phases and provides new insights into the role of microorganisms in the biology of this important pest species.
{"title":"The bacterial community of the European spruce bark beetle in space and time","authors":"Abdelhameed Moussa, Stefano Nones, Patrizia Elena Vannucchi, Gul-i-Rayna Shahzad, Jessica Dittmer, Erika Corretto, Martin Schebeck, Massimo Faccoli, Andrea Battisti, Christian Stauffer, Hannes Schuler","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2114","url":null,"abstract":"The European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus is a pest causing severe damage in forests dominated by Norway spruce in Europe. Microorganisms play essential roles in bark beetles, including nutrition, fitness as well as in overcoming host defenses. Here, we performed high-throughput 16S rRNA metabarcoding of I. typographus across different populations in Europe, to assess its bacterial community. We investigated four postglacial refugial areas in Europe and focused specifically on a current bark beetle hot spot in the Dolomites where we compared populations with different epidemiological phases (outbreaking vs. non-outbreaking) and across different seasons (pre-overwintering vs. overwintering). Our results show that the bacterial community structure varied among populations from the refugial areas and between different regions within the Dolomites. We found a significant difference in the bacterial community between pre-overwintering and overwintering individuals, but we did not find differences between epidemic and endemic populations. The prevalence of the genera Erwinia (which was present in all individuals) and Pseudoxanthomonas (present in almost all individuals) across all populations suggests that these taxa form the core bacterial community of I. typographus. Furthermore, several additional bacterial taxa occurred in all populations, but with variable frequencies. This study highlights a complex interaction of I. typographus and various bacterial taxa across different regions and ecological phases and provides new insights into the role of microorganisms in the biology of this important pest species.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139948858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2233
Guillaume Martel, Brian N. Hogg, René F.H. Sforza
The egg parasitoid Gryon aetherium Talamas (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a promising candidate for biocontrol of Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Southwestern USA. Bagrada hilaris is a worldwide invasive pest of crops in the family Brassicaceae. The present study aims to evaluate the parasitoid’s host range in a European context. These tests complement studies underway in California and provide risk information for a potential release of G. aetherium in southern continental Europe where B. hilaris is likely to spread in the future. Of the 11 non-target species tested, four pentatomids were in the physiological host range of G. aetherium: Carpocoris mediterraneus, Dolycoris baccarum, Graphosoma italicum and Ancyrosoma leucogrammes. Parasitism rates on these four species were lower in choice than in no-choice conditions. Surprisingly, the three Eurydema spp. that belong to the same tribe as B. hilaris (Strachiini) and feed on plants in the family Brassicaceae were not parasitized. No parasitism was observed on the cosmopolitan invasive pentatomids Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys, nor on the rhopalid Liorhyssus hyalinus. Parasitoids that developed from non-target species were larger than ones developing on B. hilaris and took more time to complete development.
{"title":"Anticipating the arrival of a new stinkbug pest in continental Europe: what can we learn from preemptive host specificity tests for biocontrol?","authors":"Guillaume Martel, Brian N. Hogg, René F.H. Sforza","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2233","url":null,"abstract":"The egg parasitoid Gryon aetherium Talamas (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a promising candidate for biocontrol of Bagrada hilaris Burmeister (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in the Southwestern USA. Bagrada hilaris is a worldwide invasive pest of crops in the family Brassicaceae. The present study aims to evaluate the parasitoid’s host range in a European context. These tests complement studies underway in California and provide risk information for a potential release of G. aetherium in southern continental Europe where B. hilaris is likely to spread in the future. Of the 11 non-target species tested, four pentatomids were in the physiological host range of G. aetherium: Carpocoris mediterraneus, Dolycoris baccarum, Graphosoma italicum and Ancyrosoma leucogrammes. Parasitism rates on these four species were lower in choice than in no-choice conditions. Surprisingly, the three Eurydema spp. that belong to the same tribe as B. hilaris (Strachiini) and feed on plants in the family Brassicaceae were not parasitized. No parasitism was observed on the cosmopolitan invasive pentatomids Nezara viridula and Halyomorpha halys, nor on the rhopalid Liorhyssus hyalinus. Parasitoids that developed from non-target species were larger than ones developing on B. hilaris and took more time to complete development.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-20DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2279
R. Caparros Megido, F. Francis, E. Haubruge, P. Le Gall, J.K. Tomberlin, C.D. Miranda, H.R. Jordan, C.J. Picard, M.J.M. Pino, J. Ramos-Elordy, E. Katz, K.B. Barragán-Fonseca, E.M. Costa-Neto, R. Ponce-Reyes, G. Wijffels, S. Ghosh, C. Jung, Y.S. Han, B. Conti, A. Vilcinskas, C.M. Tanga, M.O. Kababu, D. Beesigamukama, J.A. Morales Ramos, A. van Huis
There has been continuous and growing interest in edible insects. Worldwide, various levels of insect farming are emerging, ranging from small domestic farms to vertical farms reaching heights of 36 meters, accommodating several million growing insects. The appeal of insects lies in their ecological benefits, as they contribute to the valorization of underutilized organic residues while requiring minimal space and water. The selection of insect species is influenced not only by their biology and behavior but also by local preferences and customs, varying with the scale of production and geographical location. This review article aims to provide an updated overview of the main insect species produced across different continents, their current level of industrialization, and production prospects based on available literature.
{"title":"A worldwide overview of the status and prospects of edible insect production","authors":"R. Caparros Megido, F. Francis, E. Haubruge, P. Le Gall, J.K. Tomberlin, C.D. Miranda, H.R. Jordan, C.J. Picard, M.J.M. Pino, J. Ramos-Elordy, E. Katz, K.B. Barragán-Fonseca, E.M. Costa-Neto, R. Ponce-Reyes, G. Wijffels, S. Ghosh, C. Jung, Y.S. Han, B. Conti, A. Vilcinskas, C.M. Tanga, M.O. Kababu, D. Beesigamukama, J.A. Morales Ramos, A. van Huis","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2279","url":null,"abstract":"There has been continuous and growing interest in edible insects. Worldwide, various levels of insect farming are emerging, ranging from small domestic farms to vertical farms reaching heights of 36 meters, accommodating several million growing insects. The appeal of insects lies in their ecological benefits, as they contribute to the valorization of underutilized organic residues while requiring minimal space and water. The selection of insect species is influenced not only by their biology and behavior but also by local preferences and customs, varying with the scale of production and geographical location. This review article aims to provide an updated overview of the main insect species produced across different continents, their current level of industrialization, and production prospects based on available literature.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2194
Liang-De Tang, Guy Smagghe, Su Wang, Zhong-Xian Lü, Lian-Sheng Zang
A dead-end trap plant is a plant species that is highly attractive for oviposition and other activities of target pests, but on which they cannot complete their development, reproduction or survival. Due to its unique insecticidal mechanism and environment-friendly characteristics, it has received increasing attention in recent years. There are many species that can be used as trap plant, but few of them can be used as dead-end trap plants. These plants are commonly utilized for lepidopteran pest management in graminaceous crops, cruciferous vegetables and other cropping systems. At present, vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides, is widely used in the integrated pest management (IPM) of rice borers in southern China as an alternative to chemical pesticides. This article lists plant species that can be used as dead-end trap plants, together with the target pests and relevant cropping systems. In addition, the trapping principle and insecticidal mechanism of dead-end traps is reviewed, and the application of vetiver grass as a dead-end trap in rice borer IPM introduced. The future research directions of dead-end trap plants towards the protection of crops are also discussed.
{"title":"Dead-end trap plants as an environment-friendly IPM tool: A case study of the successful use of vetiver grass in China","authors":"Liang-De Tang, Guy Smagghe, Su Wang, Zhong-Xian Lü, Lian-Sheng Zang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2194","url":null,"abstract":"A dead-end trap plant is a plant species that is highly attractive for oviposition and other activities of target pests, but on which they cannot complete their development, reproduction or survival. Due to its unique insecticidal mechanism and environment-friendly characteristics, it has received increasing attention in recent years. There are many species that can be used as trap plant, but few of them can be used as dead-end trap plants. These plants are commonly utilized for lepidopteran pest management in graminaceous crops, cruciferous vegetables and other cropping systems. At present, vetiver grass, Chrysopogon zizanioides, is widely used in the integrated pest management (IPM) of rice borers in southern China as an alternative to chemical pesticides. This article lists plant species that can be used as dead-end trap plants, together with the target pests and relevant cropping systems. In addition, the trapping principle and insecticidal mechanism of dead-end traps is reviewed, and the application of vetiver grass as a dead-end trap in rice borer IPM introduced. The future research directions of dead-end trap plants towards the protection of crops are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139769327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2096
Wen Huang, Mario Vallejo-Marín, David W Inouye, Chun-Feng Yang, Zhong-Ming Ye
Abstract: Buzz-pollination is used by some bees to expel pollen through vibrating flowers. Yet, little is known about the determinants influencing bee preferences among buzz-pollinated flowers. We studied five co-flowering, nectarless species of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) buzz-pollinated by bumblebees in an alpine meadow, to investigate bumblebees’ flower preferences in response to fluctuations of floral abundance across five years. We also recorded and analyzed the buzzing frequencies produced by the three dominant bumblebee specie. Our results indicate that Bombus friseanus and B. lepidus visited different Pedicularis flowers using similar buzz frequencies and displayed an abundance-dependent flower preference across years. These two bumblebee species had staggered phenologies with distinct timing of peak abundances across the five years. In contrast, B. festivus used lower fundamental buzz frequencies, had a constant flower preference across years, but used different buzz frequencies across Pedicularis species. Although the amount of pollen released after bumblebee visitation varied across Pedicularis species, we found that after a single visit all bumblebees deposited similar amounts of pollen on stigmas. Our study indicates that bumblebees’ flower preferences is sometimes, but not always, modulated by floral abundance, and that at least one bumblebee species was observed to produce buzzes of different frequencies in different plant species. Competition for floral resources among bumblebees and for pollination services among co-flowering Pedicularis species may structure plant-pollinator interactions and affect species coexistence.
{"title":"Bumblebees’ flower preferences are associated with floral abundance and buzz frequency when buzz-pollinating co-flowering plants","authors":"Wen Huang, Mario Vallejo-Marín, David W Inouye, Chun-Feng Yang, Zhong-Ming Ye","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2096","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Buzz-pollination is used by some bees to expel pollen through vibrating flowers. Yet, little is known about the determinants influencing bee preferences among buzz-pollinated flowers. We studied five co-flowering, nectarless species of Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae) buzz-pollinated by bumblebees in an alpine meadow, to investigate bumblebees’ flower preferences in response to fluctuations of floral abundance across five years. We also recorded and analyzed the buzzing frequencies produced by the three dominant bumblebee specie. Our results indicate that Bombus friseanus and B. lepidus visited different Pedicularis flowers using similar buzz frequencies and displayed an abundance-dependent flower preference across years. These two bumblebee species had staggered phenologies with distinct timing of peak abundances across the five years. In contrast, B. festivus used lower fundamental buzz frequencies, had a constant flower preference across years, but used different buzz frequencies across Pedicularis species. Although the amount of pollen released after bumblebee visitation varied across Pedicularis species, we found that after a single visit all bumblebees deposited similar amounts of pollen on stigmas. Our study indicates that bumblebees’ flower preferences is sometimes, but not always, modulated by floral abundance, and that at least one bumblebee species was observed to produce buzzes of different frequencies in different plant species. Competition for floral resources among bumblebees and for pollination services among co-flowering Pedicularis species may structure plant-pollinator interactions and affect species coexistence.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139773531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-24DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2046
Fatima Diya, Sylvain Benhamou, Antonio Biondi, Nicolas Desneux, Isabelle Rahioui, Agnes Vallier, Catherine Sivignon, Francine Rizk, Linda Kfoury, Pedro Da Silva
Tuta absoluta, one of the most damaging pests of tomato crops and other solanaceous plants, has been extensively managed by the use of synthetic pesticides. Unfortunately, the reliance on chemicals has negatively affected human health, biodiversity, and the environment. Therefore, the development of eco-friendly alternatives is highly encouraged to replace hazardous chemical pesticides. Inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) peptides have a leading future as they present a narrow spectrum activity, and remarkable stability, making them promising bio-insecticide modalities against pests of crops of economic importance. In this study, the impact of Pea albumin 1-b (PA1b), a plant ICK peptide extracted from seeds of peas (Pisum sativum, Fabaceae) was investigated through foliar application to be delivered to 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta. However, due to the failure of delivery upon foliar application, microinjections of the peptide into 3rd instar larvae were performed to assess the insecticidal activity of PA1b when being into the body cavity of the larvae. Toxicity bioassays were conducted in Petri dishes in a developed experimental arena that allowed us to easily survey the status of the larva and the leaf for up to 18 days. Our study showed that PA1b has a significant toxic effect against T. absoluta when delivered through injection. Further studies must be conducted to optimize the administration of PA1b into the larvae of T. absoluta, investigate the binding sites of the peptide in this pest, and ascertain the insecticidal capacity of such a peptide at an agricultural-relevant scale.
Tuta absoluta 是对番茄作物和其他茄科植物危害最大的害虫之一，人们一直在广泛使用合成杀虫剂进行防治。遗憾的是，对化学品的依赖对人类健康、生物多样性和环境造成了负面影响。因此，大力鼓励开发生态友好型替代品，以取代有害的化学农药。抑制性胱氨酸结（ICK）肽具有窄谱活性和显著的稳定性，使其成为一种很有前途的生物杀虫模式，可用于防治经济作物上的害虫。本研究调查了豌豆白蛋白 1-b（PA1b）的影响，这是一种从豌豆（豆科植物）种子中提取的植物 ICK 肽，可通过叶面喷施作用于 T. absoluta 的二龄幼虫。然而，由于叶面喷施未能成功，因此对三龄期幼虫进行了多肽微注射，以评估 PA1b 进入幼虫体腔后的杀虫活性。毒性生物测定是在培养皿中进行的，实验场地已开发完毕，可以方便地调查幼虫和叶片长达 18 天的状况。我们的研究表明，PA1b 通过注射对 T. absoluta 有显著的毒性作用。我们还必须开展进一步的研究，以优化 PA1b 对 T. absoluta 幼虫的施用，调查该肽在害虫体内的结合位点，并确定这种肽在农业相关规模上的杀虫能力。
{"title":"Assessment of the impact of pea albumin 1 subunit b (PA1b) on Tuta absoluta through foliar application and microinjection","authors":"Fatima Diya, Sylvain Benhamou, Antonio Biondi, Nicolas Desneux, Isabelle Rahioui, Agnes Vallier, Catherine Sivignon, Francine Rizk, Linda Kfoury, Pedro Da Silva","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2046","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta, one of the most damaging pests of tomato crops and other solanaceous plants, has been extensively managed by the use of synthetic pesticides. Unfortunately, the reliance on chemicals has negatively affected human health, biodiversity, and the environment. Therefore, the development of eco-friendly alternatives is highly encouraged to replace hazardous chemical pesticides. Inhibitory cystine knot (ICK) peptides have a leading future as they present a narrow spectrum activity, and remarkable stability, making them promising bio-insecticide modalities against pests of crops of economic importance. In this study, the impact of Pea albumin 1-b (PA1b), a plant ICK peptide extracted from seeds of peas (Pisum sativum, Fabaceae) was investigated through foliar application to be delivered to 2nd instar larvae of T. absoluta. However, due to the failure of delivery upon foliar application, microinjections of the peptide into 3rd instar larvae were performed to assess the insecticidal activity of PA1b when being into the body cavity of the larvae. Toxicity bioassays were conducted in Petri dishes in a developed experimental arena that allowed us to easily survey the status of the larva and the leaf for up to 18 days. Our study showed that PA1b has a significant toxic effect against T. absoluta when delivered through injection. Further studies must be conducted to optimize the administration of PA1b into the larvae of T. absoluta, investigate the binding sites of the peptide in this pest, and ascertain the insecticidal capacity of such a peptide at an agricultural-relevant scale.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139553883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-22DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2289
Jie Wang, Ning Di, He-Xi Huang, John T. Trumble, Coline C. Jaworski, Su Wang, Nicolas Desneux, Yuan-Xi Li
Increasing awareness of cadmium (Cd) pollution in agroecosystems has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the cascading effects heavy metals on the fitness of herbivores and their natural enemies, as well as the potential impact on the efficacy of integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, we assessed the bottom-up effects mediated by Cd on two important egg parasitoids, Trichogramma japonicum and T. dendrolimi via their factitious host, the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica. Results showed that the bottom-up effects mediated by Cd are complex. Cd exposure at 20 mg/kg in artificial diets of rice moth larvae enhanced the weight of eggs laid once they have reached adulthood, increased the proportion of females produced, and stimulated reproduction, thus suggesting a hormesis response. A stimulation effect on T. dendrolimi fitness was also found (when developing from contaminated rice moth eggs), but T. japonicum instead had a reduced fitness. In addition, unexposed adult parasitoids (reared from uncontaminated hosts) were not able to discriminate between uncontaminated or contaminated eggs (produced by rice moths reared on Cd-diet). Our results show that Cd contamination should not interfere with the effectiveness of inundative releases of T. japonicum, but the capacity of the subsequent F1 generation of parasitoids in controlling pest populations could be affected by Cd contamination. This suggests that inundative releases should be favored over inoculative releases in Cd-contaminated sites, and mixed-species releases of Trichogramma could increase the cost effectiveness of pest biological control.
人们对农业生态系统中镉（Cd）污染的认识不断提高，这突出表明有必要更好地了解重金属对食草动物及其天敌的适应性产生的连锁效应，以及对害虫综合防治（IPM）效果的潜在影响。在这项研究中，我们评估了镉通过其寄主稻飞虱（Corcyra cephalonica）对两种重要的卵寄生虫--日本蓟马（Trichogramma japonicum）和蓟马（T. dendrolimi）的自下而上的影响。结果表明，镉介导的自下而上的影响是复杂的。在稻飞虱幼虫的人工日粮中摄入 20 毫克/千克的镉可提高其成年后产卵的重量，增加雌虫的比例，并刺激其繁殖，因此表明这是一种激素作用反应。也发现了对 T. dendrolimi 适应性的刺激作用（当从受污染的稻蛾卵中发育时），但 T. japonicum 的适应性反而降低了。此外，未接触镉的寄生虫成虫（从未受损伤的寄主处饲养）无法区分未受损伤或受污染的卵（由镉饮食饲养的稻蛾产卵）。我们的研究结果表明，镉污染不会影响日本蓟马淹没释放的效果，但随后的 F1 代寄生虫控制害虫种群的能力可能会受到镉污染的影响。这表明，在镉污染地区，淹没释放比接种释放更受青睐，而且混种释放日本蓟马可提高害虫生物防治的成本效益。
{"title":"Cadmium triggers hormesis in rice moth Corcyra cephalonica but different effects on two Trichogramma egg parasitoids","authors":"Jie Wang, Ning Di, He-Xi Huang, John T. Trumble, Coline C. Jaworski, Su Wang, Nicolas Desneux, Yuan-Xi Li","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2289","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing awareness of cadmium (Cd) pollution in agroecosystems has highlighted the need for a better understanding of the cascading effects heavy metals on the fitness of herbivores and their natural enemies, as well as the potential impact on the efficacy of integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, we assessed the bottom-up effects mediated by Cd on two important egg parasitoids, Trichogramma japonicum and T. dendrolimi via their factitious host, the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica. Results showed that the bottom-up effects mediated by Cd are complex. Cd exposure at 20 mg/kg in artificial diets of rice moth larvae enhanced the weight of eggs laid once they have reached adulthood, increased the proportion of females produced, and stimulated reproduction, thus suggesting a hormesis response. A stimulation effect on T. dendrolimi fitness was also found (when developing from contaminated rice moth eggs), but T. japonicum instead had a reduced fitness. In addition, unexposed adult parasitoids (reared from uncontaminated hosts) were not able to discriminate between uncontaminated or contaminated eggs (produced by rice moths reared on Cd-diet). Our results show that Cd contamination should not interfere with the effectiveness of inundative releases of T. japonicum, but the capacity of the subsequent F1 generation of parasitoids in controlling pest populations could be affected by Cd contamination. This suggests that inundative releases should be favored over inoculative releases in Cd-contaminated sites, and mixed-species releases of Trichogramma could increase the cost effectiveness of pest biological control.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139554119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2146
Huimin Zhu, Delu Li, Nicolas Desneux, Jean-Luc Gatti, Zuqing Hu, Chen Luo
Abstract: Symbiotic microbes have evolved to become an important source of phenotypic plasticity in host insects. In aphids, facultative endosymbionts have been found capable of influencing host phenotypes, such as against natural enemies and host fitness. However, the related evidence has been mainly gathered from a few model organisms, such as the pea aphid. Here, we explored the roles of a common facultative symbiont of the genus Rickettsia in the grain aphid pest Sitobion avenae. We first observed that Rickettsia-infected aphids (either natural or artificial status) benefit of a higher population increase rate (nearly 1.23-fold) than the Rickettsia-free aphids from the same genetic background. While Rickettsia presence did not confer resistance against the aphid parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis, emerged wasps from Rickettsia-infected aphids had a significantly reduced weight and their sex ratio was biased toward more female wasps. These results suggest that the presence of the symbiont ameliorates the fitness of its aphid host, but impacts the growth of parasitoid offspring and the parasitoid sex-ratio in a way that could be detrimental for the aphid. This demonstrates that the presence of a facultative symbiont may lead to both positive and negative trade-offs, which may ultimately not affect the fitness of the host population as they are compensatory.
{"title":"Facultative symbiont provides fitness benefits to the grain aphid, but not to parasitoid offspring","authors":"Huimin Zhu, Delu Li, Nicolas Desneux, Jean-Luc Gatti, Zuqing Hu, Chen Luo","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2146","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Symbiotic microbes have evolved to become an important source of phenotypic plasticity in host insects. In aphids, facultative endosymbionts have been found capable of influencing host phenotypes, such as against natural enemies and host fitness. However, the related evidence has been mainly gathered from a few model organisms, such as the pea aphid. Here, we explored the roles of a common facultative symbiont of the genus Rickettsia in the grain aphid pest Sitobion avenae. We first observed that Rickettsia-infected aphids (either natural or artificial status) benefit of a higher population increase rate (nearly 1.23-fold) than the Rickettsia-free aphids from the same genetic background. While Rickettsia presence did not confer resistance against the aphid parasitoid Aphidius gifuensis, emerged wasps from Rickettsia-infected aphids had a significantly reduced weight and their sex ratio was biased toward more female wasps. These results suggest that the presence of the symbiont ameliorates the fitness of its aphid host, but impacts the growth of parasitoid offspring and the parasitoid sex-ratio in a way that could be detrimental for the aphid. This demonstrates that the presence of a facultative symbiont may lead to both positive and negative trade-offs, which may ultimately not affect the fitness of the host population as they are compensatory.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2126
Daniele Cornara, Isabel Bojanini, Alberto Fereres, Rodrig.P.P. Almeida
Xylella fastidiosa is a vector-borne xylem-limited bacterium of agricultural and economic importance, yet it remains to be demonstrated how this pathogen is inoculated into plants by insect vectors. Recent DC-EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) research with the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius tentatively correlated bacterial inoculation with a non-stereotypical “spiking waveform” termed Xe; this behavior occurred within the first minutes from initial stylets contact with a xylem vessel. Here, using the Graphocephala atropunctata-grapevine-X. fastidiosa pathosystem, we conclusively demonstrate that the DC-EPG waveform Xe represents the vector probing behavior correlated with X. fastidiosa inoculation into a host plant, and successful systemic persistent pathogen infection. Our work supports the previous hypothesis that Xe represents an egestion behavior, with a mixture of xylem sap-bacterial cells propelled by the collapse of the cibarial diaphragm while the precibarial valve is fluttering, potentially to remove obstructions from the precibarium and its chemosensilla. The outward flow delivering the mixture sap-bacterial cells into the plant is permitted by the valve that flutters instead of sealing the food canal. The inoculation behavior Xe is more frequent in vectors harboring X. fastidiosa cells within the foregut, independent of the bacterial population size in insects.
{"title":"Definitive elucidation of the inoculation mechanism of Xylella fastidiosa by sharpshooter leafhoppers","authors":"Daniele Cornara, Isabel Bojanini, Alberto Fereres, Rodrig.P.P. Almeida","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2126","url":null,"abstract":"Xylella fastidiosa is a vector-borne xylem-limited bacterium of agricultural and economic importance, yet it remains to be demonstrated how this pathogen is inoculated into plants by insect vectors. Recent DC-EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) research with the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius tentatively correlated bacterial inoculation with a non-stereotypical “spiking waveform” termed Xe; this behavior occurred within the first minutes from initial stylets contact with a xylem vessel. Here, using the Graphocephala atropunctata-grapevine-X. fastidiosa pathosystem, we conclusively demonstrate that the DC-EPG waveform Xe represents the vector probing behavior correlated with X. fastidiosa inoculation into a host plant, and successful systemic persistent pathogen infection. Our work supports the previous hypothesis that Xe represents an egestion behavior, with a mixture of xylem sap-bacterial cells propelled by the collapse of the cibarial diaphragm while the precibarial valve is fluttering, potentially to remove obstructions from the precibarium and its chemosensilla. The outward flow delivering the mixture sap-bacterial cells into the plant is permitted by the valve that flutters instead of sealing the food canal. The inoculation behavior Xe is more frequent in vectors harboring X. fastidiosa cells within the foregut, independent of the bacterial population size in insects.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139475727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：