Maternal exposure to imidacloprid (IMI) suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of an amorphous formula of curcumin (CUR) given at a supplement level on IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis to clarify the toxicity mechanisms. Maternal rats were given a diet containing 750-ppm IMI and drinking water with or without 120-ppm CUR from gestational day (GD) 6 until weaning at 21 days post-delivery. Then, offspring received CUR similarly until postnatal day 77 in adulthood. At weaning, IMI had suppressed neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells, which may be related to suppressed reelin and parvalbumin signaling of GABAergic interneurons. IMI exposure increased CD68+ microglia, decreased CD163+ microglia, and upregulated Nos2, suggesting M1 polarization; IMI also downregulated Tnf but did not change the transcript levels of other M1 cytokine genes, suggesting an immunocompromised state. IMI also suppressed hippocampal antioxidant capacity. CUR restored hippocampal antioxidant capacity and ameliorated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, involving parvalbumin+ interneuron restoration through enhancing NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. The IMI-induced immunocompromised state and oxidative stress-related effects disappeared in adulthood. However, IMI progressively suppressed neurogenesis, possibly associated with suppressed NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. IMI also suppressed VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling in granule cells. CUR increased synaptic plasticity in granule cells by enhancing VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling and NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. These results suggest that IMI continuously suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells into adulthood by increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress during exposure. CUR effectively ameliorated the IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis at weaning and synaptic plasticity until adulthood.
{"title":"Ameliorating Effect of Continuous Treatment With an Amorphous Formula of Curcumin on Maternal Imidacloprid Exposure-Induced Suppression of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Rats.","authors":"Yuri Ebizuka,Xinyu Zou,Nanami Watanabe,Mai Hirata,Susumu Yamashita,Tetsuhito Kigata,Qian Tang,Tomohiro Nakao,Mihoko Koyanagi,Makoto Shibutani","doi":"10.1002/tox.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70044","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal exposure to imidacloprid (IMI) suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis in rat offspring. This study investigated the antioxidant effects of an amorphous formula of curcumin (CUR) given at a supplement level on IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis to clarify the toxicity mechanisms. Maternal rats were given a diet containing 750-ppm IMI and drinking water with or without 120-ppm CUR from gestational day (GD) 6 until weaning at 21 days post-delivery. Then, offspring received CUR similarly until postnatal day 77 in adulthood. At weaning, IMI had suppressed neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells, which may be related to suppressed reelin and parvalbumin signaling of GABAergic interneurons. IMI exposure increased CD68+ microglia, decreased CD163+ microglia, and upregulated Nos2, suggesting M1 polarization; IMI also downregulated Tnf but did not change the transcript levels of other M1 cytokine genes, suggesting an immunocompromised state. IMI also suppressed hippocampal antioxidant capacity. CUR restored hippocampal antioxidant capacity and ameliorated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, involving parvalbumin+ interneuron restoration through enhancing NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. The IMI-induced immunocompromised state and oxidative stress-related effects disappeared in adulthood. However, IMI progressively suppressed neurogenesis, possibly associated with suppressed NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. IMI also suppressed VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling in granule cells. CUR increased synaptic plasticity in granule cells by enhancing VGLUT2-based glutamatergic signaling and NMDAR2D-mediated glutamatergic signaling. These results suggest that IMI continuously suppresses hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in granule cells into adulthood by increasing susceptibility to oxidative stress during exposure. CUR effectively ameliorated the IMI-induced suppression of neurogenesis at weaning and synaptic plasticity until adulthood.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"296 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, perinatal exposure to an environmental toxicant during the development of the nervous system could cause a permanent cellular modification that may promote the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases at an older age. Tributyltin chloride is an environmental pollutant that, among other effects, provokes a dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system and has adverse effects on the nervous system. We studied neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells and neural stem cells in the presence of tributyltin chloride concentrations found in human blood (≤ 100 nM), and brain development in two-year-old mice after perinatal exposure to tributyltin chloride (≤ 1000 nM). Pregnant mice (8-9 weeks old) were exposed to TBTC (0, 100, 500, or 1000 nM) via drinking water throughout gestation and lactation and ended upon weaning of the pups. Genetic-molecular, biochemical and cellular studies were performed on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and on neural stem cells differentiating into neurons. In addition to these studies, histological studies of the brain and functional tests were performed in two-year-old mice. A decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation activity, essential for the proper function of the nervous system, affected neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Exposure to this compound during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a modification of global deoxyribonucleic acid methylation levels in 2-year-old mice. Additionally, various histological changes were detected in the brains of these mice. Therefore, the alteration of brain development with long-term consequences may be one of the manifestations of early exposure to tributyltin.
{"title":"Effects of Tributyltin Chloride on Human Neuronal Differentiation and Mice Brain Development.","authors":"Ester López-Gallardo,Patricia Meade,Irene Jiménez-Salvador,Carmen Hernández-Ainsa,Eldris Iglesias,Alba Pesini,Nuria Garrido-Pérez,Sonia Emperador,David Pacheu-Grau,Pilar Bayona-Bafaluy,Eduardo Ruiz-Pesini","doi":"10.1002/tox.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70047","url":null,"abstract":"According to the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, perinatal exposure to an environmental toxicant during the development of the nervous system could cause a permanent cellular modification that may promote the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases at an older age. Tributyltin chloride is an environmental pollutant that, among other effects, provokes a dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system and has adverse effects on the nervous system. We studied neuronal differentiation of human neuroblastoma cells and neural stem cells in the presence of tributyltin chloride concentrations found in human blood (≤ 100 nM), and brain development in two-year-old mice after perinatal exposure to tributyltin chloride (≤ 1000 nM). Pregnant mice (8-9 weeks old) were exposed to TBTC (0, 100, 500, or 1000 nM) via drinking water throughout gestation and lactation and ended upon weaning of the pups. Genetic-molecular, biochemical and cellular studies were performed on human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and on neural stem cells differentiating into neurons. In addition to these studies, histological studies of the brain and functional tests were performed in two-year-old mice. A decrease in the oxidative phosphorylation activity, essential for the proper function of the nervous system, affected neuronal differentiation of human neural stem cells and neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Exposure to this compound during pregnancy and lactation resulted in a modification of global deoxyribonucleic acid methylation levels in 2-year-old mice. Additionally, various histological changes were detected in the brains of these mice. Therefore, the alteration of brain development with long-term consequences may be one of the manifestations of early exposure to tributyltin.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146056922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wanjing Liu,Chunhua Zhan,Min Zeng,Guanglong Chen,Jun Wang
The environmental ubiquity of microplastics raises growing concerns over their reproductive toxicity, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs; 0, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) for 14 days, with or without co-treatment of melatonin (1 μM). Exposure to 1 mg/L PSNPs significantly reduced gonadosomatic and brain somatic indices, accompanied by histopathological evidence of structural damage to gonadal tissues. Moreover, PSNPs disrupted hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis gene transcription and altered sex hormone levels. PSNPs also induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gonadal and brain tissues. Notably, these effects were sex-dependent and were largely ameliorated by melatonin co-treatment. Importantly, PSNPs showed differential reproductive toxicity between males and females. These findings highlight the potential of melatonin to mitigate PSNP-induced reproductive toxicity by protecting against oxidative damage and HPG axis disruption while also revealing sex-specific responses to nanoparticle exposure.
{"title":"Polystyrene Nanoparticles Cause Sex-Specific Toxicity in Male Zebrafish, Which Can Be Mitigated by Melatonin.","authors":"Wanjing Liu,Chunhua Zhan,Min Zeng,Guanglong Chen,Jun Wang","doi":"10.1002/tox.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70040","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental ubiquity of microplastics raises growing concerns over their reproductive toxicity, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs; 0, 0.1, and 1 mg/L) for 14 days, with or without co-treatment of melatonin (1 μM). Exposure to 1 mg/L PSNPs significantly reduced gonadosomatic and brain somatic indices, accompanied by histopathological evidence of structural damage to gonadal tissues. Moreover, PSNPs disrupted hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis gene transcription and altered sex hormone levels. PSNPs also induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in gonadal and brain tissues. Notably, these effects were sex-dependent and were largely ameliorated by melatonin co-treatment. Importantly, PSNPs showed differential reproductive toxicity between males and females. These findings highlight the potential of melatonin to mitigate PSNP-induced reproductive toxicity by protecting against oxidative damage and HPG axis disruption while also revealing sex-specific responses to nanoparticle exposure.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146015375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Melissa Progênio,Matheus Henrique Oliveira de Matos,Edilaine Corrêa Leite,Bianca Ramos de Meira,João Vitor Bredariol,José Eduardo Gonçalves,Pablo Augusto Poleto Antiqueira,Luiz Felipe Machado Velho
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, including in Brazil, and its dispersion through habitats and surface waters can impact entire aquatic ecosystems. However, experimental studies evaluating the effects of pesticides on whole planktonic communities, considering attributes such as richness, density and composition-remain scarce. This study evaluated the effects of different glyphosate concentrations on freshwater planktonic microbiota, encompassing cyanobacteria, algae, testate amoebae, autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers and copepods. We experimentally simulated four contamination scenarios in freshwater microcosms: (i) control (no glyphosate), (ii) low glyphosate (30 μg/L-1), (iii) high glyphosate (500 μg/L-1), (iv) the maximum allowed in Brazil (65 μg/L-1). The effects of glyphosate varied among biological groups, underscoring the complexity of community-level responses to contamination. Some groups, such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, testate amoebae, rotifers, and copepods, responded only in density, with the total microfaunal community following a similar trend. Shifts in species composition were observed for testate amoebae (species replacement) and cyanobacteria (changes in richness), both of which contributed most to beta diversity variation under pesticide exposure. Microcosms exposed to higher glyphosate concentrations exhibited more distinct community compositions compared to the control, suggesting a shift toward more resistant species. These findings highlight the importance of protecting aquatic environments from pesticide contamination, as both individual species and entire communities exhibit differential sensitivity to chemical stressors, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and services.
{"title":"Effects of Glyphosate on the Planktonic Microbiota: An Experimental Approach.","authors":"Melissa Progênio,Matheus Henrique Oliveira de Matos,Edilaine Corrêa Leite,Bianca Ramos de Meira,João Vitor Bredariol,José Eduardo Gonçalves,Pablo Augusto Poleto Antiqueira,Luiz Felipe Machado Velho","doi":"10.1002/tox.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70019","url":null,"abstract":"Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, including in Brazil, and its dispersion through habitats and surface waters can impact entire aquatic ecosystems. However, experimental studies evaluating the effects of pesticides on whole planktonic communities, considering attributes such as richness, density and composition-remain scarce. This study evaluated the effects of different glyphosate concentrations on freshwater planktonic microbiota, encompassing cyanobacteria, algae, testate amoebae, autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, ciliates, rotifers and copepods. We experimentally simulated four contamination scenarios in freshwater microcosms: (i) control (no glyphosate), (ii) low glyphosate (30 μg/L-1), (iii) high glyphosate (500 μg/L-1), (iv) the maximum allowed in Brazil (65 μg/L-1). The effects of glyphosate varied among biological groups, underscoring the complexity of community-level responses to contamination. Some groups, such as autotrophic and heterotrophic nanoflagellates, testate amoebae, rotifers, and copepods, responded only in density, with the total microfaunal community following a similar trend. Shifts in species composition were observed for testate amoebae (species replacement) and cyanobacteria (changes in richness), both of which contributed most to beta diversity variation under pesticide exposure. Microcosms exposed to higher glyphosate concentrations exhibited more distinct community compositions compared to the control, suggesting a shift toward more resistant species. These findings highlight the importance of protecting aquatic environments from pesticide contamination, as both individual species and entire communities exhibit differential sensitivity to chemical stressors, potentially affecting ecosystem functioning and services.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maneb is a dithiocarbamate pesticide that is widely used to control many fungal diseases affecting vegetables, fruits, and field crops because of its low acute toxicity and short environmental persistence and is classified as carcinogenic to humans. Eisenia fetida is the preferred model organism for investigating the toxic effects of pesticides and other environmental pollutants. The toxic effects of a maneb fungicide on E. fetida were examined at physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels. As a result of probit analysis, the lethal concentration (LC50) of maneb on E. fetida was 798.4 mg/kg (dry soil). At sublethal concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (dry soil)), decreases were detected in the weight of worms exposed to maneb as the concentration increased. In the analyses performed to detect lipid peroxidation, the amount of MDA increased in parallel with the increase in the maneb concentration and exposure time. CAT and GST enzyme activities were increased at all concentrations compared with the control group during the four sampling days. In the data obtained as a result of comet assay, cell damage increased depending on the changes in the maneb concentration and exposure time. As a result of real-time PCR analysis, increases in the expression of antioxidant enzymes were detected in worms exposed to maneb to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effects of maneb on E. fetida for the first time at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and contributed to the elucidation of changes in maneb in worms.
{"title":"Biochemical and Genotoxic Effects of Maneb on Eisenia fetida.","authors":"Salih Dikilitaş,Özlem Aksoy","doi":"10.1002/tox.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70042","url":null,"abstract":"Maneb is a dithiocarbamate pesticide that is widely used to control many fungal diseases affecting vegetables, fruits, and field crops because of its low acute toxicity and short environmental persistence and is classified as carcinogenic to humans. Eisenia fetida is the preferred model organism for investigating the toxic effects of pesticides and other environmental pollutants. The toxic effects of a maneb fungicide on E. fetida were examined at physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels. As a result of probit analysis, the lethal concentration (LC50) of maneb on E. fetida was 798.4 mg/kg (dry soil). At sublethal concentrations (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (dry soil)), decreases were detected in the weight of worms exposed to maneb as the concentration increased. In the analyses performed to detect lipid peroxidation, the amount of MDA increased in parallel with the increase in the maneb concentration and exposure time. CAT and GST enzyme activities were increased at all concentrations compared with the control group during the four sampling days. In the data obtained as a result of comet assay, cell damage increased depending on the changes in the maneb concentration and exposure time. As a result of real-time PCR analysis, increases in the expression of antioxidant enzymes were detected in worms exposed to maneb to clear reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effects of maneb on E. fetida for the first time at physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels and contributed to the elucidation of changes in maneb in worms.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146005418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro Henrique Passos da Silva, Jadson Silva Abreu, Rafael Sidônio Gibson Gomes, Hemengella Karyne Alves Oliveira, Artur F S Schuh, Ignacio F Mata, Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato
The association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) is substantial, but heterogeneity in methodology and lack of categorization according to the type of exposure and pesticide classes in previous meta-analyses impair the interpretation of data. This study aims to update evidence of the association between pesticide exposure and PD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between pesticide exposure and PD according to the type of pesticide exposure and pesticide class. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science until July 2024. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts. Afterward, reviewers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted the data based on the full paper. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the association between pesticide exposure and PD. A total of 124 studies were eligible. There is a lack of diversity in the populations represented and a high variability in methodology among the included studies. Considering only studies with any type of exposure, we found a positive association of PD with any pesticide class and herbicides. Occupational exposure was associated with PD for all pesticide classes except for fungicides. Exclusive household pesticide exposure was also associated with PD. Pesticide exposure remains a significant environmental risk factor for the development of PD, regardless of the type of exposure. Herbicides are the pesticide class with the most substantial evidence of association with the disease. Further studies with new methods of pesticide exposure measurement, innovative design studies, and the inclusion of underrepresented populations are still needed.
农药暴露与帕金森病（PD）之间的关联是实质性的，但方法上的异质性以及缺乏根据暴露类型和农药类别进行分类的meta分析损害了数据的解释。本研究旨在更新农药暴露与PD之间关系的证据。我们根据农药暴露类型和农药类别对农药暴露与PD之间关系的研究进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析。我们检索了PubMed， EMBASE和Web of Science，直到2024年7月。审稿人筛选题目和摘要。随后，审稿人重新分析选择标准，并根据全文提取数据。进行了荟萃分析以评估农药暴露与PD之间的关系。共有124项研究符合条件。所研究的人群缺乏多样性，所纳入研究的方法也存在很大差异。仅考虑任何类型暴露的研究，我们发现PD与任何农药类别和除草剂呈正相关。除杀菌剂外，所有农药类别的职业暴露都与PD相关。单独的家庭农药暴露也与帕金森病有关。农药暴露仍然是PD发生的重要环境风险因素，无论暴露类型如何。除草剂是与该病有关的证据最充分的一类农药。还需要进一步研究新的农药暴露测量方法、创新设计研究和纳入代表性不足的人群。
{"title":"Revisiting the Association of Pesticide Exposure and Parkinson's Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Pedro Henrique Passos da Silva, Jadson Silva Abreu, Rafael Sidônio Gibson Gomes, Hemengella Karyne Alves Oliveira, Artur F S Schuh, Ignacio F Mata, Bruno Lopes Santos-Lobato","doi":"10.1002/tox.70041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association between pesticide exposure and Parkinson's disease (PD) is substantial, but heterogeneity in methodology and lack of categorization according to the type of exposure and pesticide classes in previous meta-analyses impair the interpretation of data. This study aims to update evidence of the association between pesticide exposure and PD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between pesticide exposure and PD according to the type of pesticide exposure and pesticide class. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science until July 2024. Reviewers screened titles and abstracts. Afterward, reviewers reanalyzed the selection criteria and extracted the data based on the full paper. Meta-analyses were conducted to assess the association between pesticide exposure and PD. A total of 124 studies were eligible. There is a lack of diversity in the populations represented and a high variability in methodology among the included studies. Considering only studies with any type of exposure, we found a positive association of PD with any pesticide class and herbicides. Occupational exposure was associated with PD for all pesticide classes except for fungicides. Exclusive household pesticide exposure was also associated with PD. Pesticide exposure remains a significant environmental risk factor for the development of PD, regardless of the type of exposure. Herbicides are the pesticide class with the most substantial evidence of association with the disease. Further studies with new methods of pesticide exposure measurement, innovative design studies, and the inclusion of underrepresented populations are still needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146017913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raquel de Jesus Selestrino,Felipe Schaly,Welligton Luciano Braguini
Bisphenol A (BPA), a common industrial chemical used in plastics and consumer products, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments, raising serious concerns about its potential ecological impacts. This study evaluated the sublethal and acute toxic effects of BPA on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina, a recognized model for neurotoxicity and regenerative biology. Acute exposure revealed a time-dependent decrease in LC50 values, from 53.18 μM at 24 h to 22.38 μM at 96 h. Behavioral assays showed significant locomotor impairment, with activity reduced by 36.7% and 57.2% at 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. The LC50 for movement inhibition was estimated at 2.79 μM after only 5 min of exposure. Stereotyped movements intensified with concentration and duration. Reproduction was markedly affected, with fecundity and fertility reduced by 96.7% and 100% at 2.5 μM; no hatchlings emerged at 1.0 or 2.5 μM. Glycogen reserves dropped by 42.9% at 2.5 μM, indicating metabolic disruption. Marked oxidative stress responses were observed, with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increasing by over 220%. Glutathione S-transferase activity was elevated across all concentrations. Acetylcholinesterase activity showed a biphasic response-strong inhibition at lower doses (-67.8% at 0.1 μM), followed by stimulation at 1.0 μM (+56.9%)-suggesting cholinergic disruption. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BPA disrupts multiple physiological systems in planarians at environmentally relevant levels, underscoring the need for more comprehensive environmental monitoring and the adoption of safer chemical alternatives to protect aquatic biodiversity.
{"title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Bisphenol A Toxicity Reveals Neurobehavioral, Metabolic, and Reproductive Impairments in Girardia tigrina.","authors":"Raquel de Jesus Selestrino,Felipe Schaly,Welligton Luciano Braguini","doi":"10.1002/tox.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Bisphenol A (BPA), a common industrial chemical used in plastics and consumer products, is increasingly detected in aquatic environments, raising serious concerns about its potential ecological impacts. This study evaluated the sublethal and acute toxic effects of BPA on the freshwater planarian Girardia tigrina, a recognized model for neurotoxicity and regenerative biology. Acute exposure revealed a time-dependent decrease in LC50 values, from 53.18 μM at 24 h to 22.38 μM at 96 h. Behavioral assays showed significant locomotor impairment, with activity reduced by 36.7% and 57.2% at 1.0 and 5.0 μM, respectively. The LC50 for movement inhibition was estimated at 2.79 μM after only 5 min of exposure. Stereotyped movements intensified with concentration and duration. Reproduction was markedly affected, with fecundity and fertility reduced by 96.7% and 100% at 2.5 μM; no hatchlings emerged at 1.0 or 2.5 μM. Glycogen reserves dropped by 42.9% at 2.5 μM, indicating metabolic disruption. Marked oxidative stress responses were observed, with superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increasing by over 220%. Glutathione S-transferase activity was elevated across all concentrations. Acetylcholinesterase activity showed a biphasic response-strong inhibition at lower doses (-67.8% at 0.1 μM), followed by stimulation at 1.0 μM (+56.9%)-suggesting cholinergic disruption. Collectively, these results demonstrate that BPA disrupts multiple physiological systems in planarians at environmentally relevant levels, underscoring the need for more comprehensive environmental monitoring and the adoption of safer chemical alternatives to protect aquatic biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior,Amanda Pontes Lopes,Heloíse Martins de Souza,Regina Fonseca,Enrico Mendes Saggioro,Francielli Monteiro Casanova,Kamila Cezar Gramlich,Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre,Carlos German Massone,Renato Carreira,Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
A comprehensive screening of different environmental contaminants (total metals, thermostable metal fractions associated with detoxification, and persistent organic pollutants) was conducted in an endangered common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus ) individual incidentally captured in southeastern Brazil. Stress biomarkers were assessed to evaluate physiological responses, and SDS-PAGE was applied to identify thermostable protein profiles. Most metals were more abundant in total than in thermostable fractions, suggesting partial cellular absorption, likely through compartmentalization in organelles or binding to metallothioneins. Of 25 screened pesticides, only p,p'-DDT and Mirex were detected, with unexpectedly high levels observed in liver. Several low molecular weight PAHs were also found in both tissues, especially muscle, suggesting chronic exposure and bioaccumulation. The SDS-PAGE revealed ~15 kDa bands, consistent with metallothioneins, and higher bands possibly corresponding to matrix metalloproteinases. Poor resolution in the Ampullae of Lorenzini was likely due to high salt content. Antioxidant biomarkers showed tissue-specific patterns, with high H2O2 levels and SOD activity in gills, blood, and brain, suggesting oxidative stress. Further studies are, however, required, as a sample number of one precludes broad conclusions at the species level. Despite this limitation, the study provides valuable preliminary insights and a baseline for Alopias spp. The integrated biochemical and molecular approach applied herein may aid in detecting early physiological stress and sublethal contamination effects and, combined with ecological and life-history data, can inform conservation strategies, such as habitat prioritization, pollutant mitigation, and monitoring programs, to support the long-term survival and population viability of this and other vulnerable shark species.
{"title":"Organic and Inorganic Pollutants, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers, and Electrophoretic Protein Profiles in an Endangered Thresher Shark (Alopias vulpinus) From Southeastern Brazil: A Case Study.","authors":"Sidney Fernandes Sales Junior,Amanda Pontes Lopes,Heloíse Martins de Souza,Regina Fonseca,Enrico Mendes Saggioro,Francielli Monteiro Casanova,Kamila Cezar Gramlich,Tatiana Dillenburg Saint'Pierre,Carlos German Massone,Renato Carreira,Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis","doi":"10.1002/tox.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70026","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive screening of different environmental contaminants (total metals, thermostable metal fractions associated with detoxification, and persistent organic pollutants) was conducted in an endangered common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus ) individual incidentally captured in southeastern Brazil. Stress biomarkers were assessed to evaluate physiological responses, and SDS-PAGE was applied to identify thermostable protein profiles. Most metals were more abundant in total than in thermostable fractions, suggesting partial cellular absorption, likely through compartmentalization in organelles or binding to metallothioneins. Of 25 screened pesticides, only p,p'-DDT and Mirex were detected, with unexpectedly high levels observed in liver. Several low molecular weight PAHs were also found in both tissues, especially muscle, suggesting chronic exposure and bioaccumulation. The SDS-PAGE revealed ~15 kDa bands, consistent with metallothioneins, and higher bands possibly corresponding to matrix metalloproteinases. Poor resolution in the Ampullae of Lorenzini was likely due to high salt content. Antioxidant biomarkers showed tissue-specific patterns, with high H2O2 levels and SOD activity in gills, blood, and brain, suggesting oxidative stress. Further studies are, however, required, as a sample number of one precludes broad conclusions at the species level. Despite this limitation, the study provides valuable preliminary insights and a baseline for Alopias spp. The integrated biochemical and molecular approach applied herein may aid in detecting early physiological stress and sublethal contamination effects and, combined with ecological and life-history data, can inform conservation strategies, such as habitat prioritization, pollutant mitigation, and monitoring programs, to support the long-term survival and population viability of this and other vulnerable shark species.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145986631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karen Power,Lorenzo Riccio,Antonietta Siciliano,Lucia Santorufo,Luigi Rosati,Simone Landi,Salvatore Avilia,Rebecca Leandri,Carmine Vitagliano,Giorgia Santini,Gionata De Vico,Giulia Maisto
Microplastics represent an emerging issue endangering all ecosystems including soils, where the impact of both conventional and biobased ones remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the effects of two concentrations (1% and 2%) of biodegradable and compostable microplastics and conventional high-density polyethylene microplastics on the abiotic properties of soil, and the ecotoxicological and ecopathological impacts on Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) through histological techniques. Analyses conducted on the evaluation of abiotic soil parameters after 28 days of exposure did not show any significant change compared to the control samples. Ecotoxicological results showed increased mortality and decreased biomass across all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, while a significant reduction in offspring was only observed in 1%-biodegradable and compostable microplastics. Ecopathological analysis revealed inflammatory and/or degenerative phenomena in the epidermal and muscular layers in all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, suggesting the presence of sublethal effects which could impair the well-being of individuals. Overall, our results suggest that the ecopathological approach combined with the classical ecotoxicological one can help explain pathological events which are behind the ecotoxicological endpoints and underline the existence of fine tissue and cell damage even when no changes are observed during ecotoxicological studies.
{"title":"Impact of Conventional vs. Biodegradable and Compostable Microplastics on Eisenia fetida S.: An Ecopathological Approach.","authors":"Karen Power,Lorenzo Riccio,Antonietta Siciliano,Lucia Santorufo,Luigi Rosati,Simone Landi,Salvatore Avilia,Rebecca Leandri,Carmine Vitagliano,Giorgia Santini,Gionata De Vico,Giulia Maisto","doi":"10.1002/tox.70030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70030","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics represent an emerging issue endangering all ecosystems including soils, where the impact of both conventional and biobased ones remains controversial. The study aimed to assess the effects of two concentrations (1% and 2%) of biodegradable and compostable microplastics and conventional high-density polyethylene microplastics on the abiotic properties of soil, and the ecotoxicological and ecopathological impacts on Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) through histological techniques. Analyses conducted on the evaluation of abiotic soil parameters after 28 days of exposure did not show any significant change compared to the control samples. Ecotoxicological results showed increased mortality and decreased biomass across all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, while a significant reduction in offspring was only observed in 1%-biodegradable and compostable microplastics. Ecopathological analysis revealed inflammatory and/or degenerative phenomena in the epidermal and muscular layers in all treated groups after 14 days of exposure, suggesting the presence of sublethal effects which could impair the well-being of individuals. Overall, our results suggest that the ecopathological approach combined with the classical ecotoxicological one can help explain pathological events which are behind the ecotoxicological endpoints and underline the existence of fine tissue and cell damage even when no changes are observed during ecotoxicological studies.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Keeping Pace With Global Environmental Challenges in the Next Chapter for Environmental Toxicology","authors":"April Rodd","doi":"10.1002/tox.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：