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Jing-Si Herbal Tea Suppresses H2O2-Instigated Inflammation and Apoptosis by Inhibiting Bax and Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Release in HIG-82 Synoviocytes. 靖西凉茶通过抑制HIG-82滑膜细胞中Bax和线粒体细胞色素C的释放来抑制H2O2诱发的炎症和细胞凋亡
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24406
Shih-Wen Kao, Yu-Chun Chang, Feng-Huei Lin, Tai-Lung Huang, Tung-Sheng Chen, Shinn-Zong Lin, Kuan-Ho Lin, Wei-Wen Kuo, Tsung-Jung Ho, Chih-Yang Huang

Inflammation is an intrinsic protective mechanism against various forms of cellular injuries in humans; however, its undesired activation results in tissue damage and cell death. The onset of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the key characteristics of autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for which an effective treatment is yet to be developed. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of a novel herbal preparation, Jing-Si herbal tea (JS), against H2O2-induced inflammation and cellular damage in HIG-82 synoviocytes. We found that JS did not show any significant alterations in cell viability at <188 μg/mL; however, a cytotoxic effect was observed at 188-1883 μg/mL concentrations tested. We found that expressions of inflammation associated extracellular matrix (ECM)-degrading proteases MMP-13, ADAMTS-2, -8, and -17 were abnormally enhanced under H2O2-induced pathological oxidative stress (ROS) in HIG-82 cells. Interestingly, JS treatment not only reduced the ROS levels but also significantly repressed the protein expressions of collagen degrading proteases in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with JS showed enhanced cell viability against H2O2-induced toxic ROS levels. The expressions of cell protective aggrecan, Collagen II, and Bcl-2 were increased, whereas MMP-13, ADAMTS-2, Cytochrome C, and cleaved Caspase 3 were decreased by JS under inflammatory agents H2O2, MIA, LPS, and TNF-α treatment, respectively, in HIG-82 cells. Interestingly, the cytoprotective effect of JS treatment was attributed to a decreased mitochondrial localization of Bax and a reduction of Cytochrome C release into the cytoplasm of H2O2-treated HIG-82 cells. Collectively, our results suggest a novel protective mechanism of JS for RA treatment, which could be potentially applied as a complementary treatment or as an alternative therapeutic approach to mitigate inflammatory diseases.

炎症是人类抵御各种形式细胞损伤的内在保护机制;然而,不适当的炎症激活会导致组织损伤和细胞死亡。慢性炎症和氧化应激是类风湿性关节炎(RA)等自身免疫性炎症疾病的主要特征,目前尚未开发出有效的治疗方法。因此,在本研究中,我们研究了一种新型中草药制剂京四凉茶(JS)对 H2O2 诱导的 HIG-82 滑膜细胞炎症和细胞损伤的保护作用和分子机制。我们发现,在 2O2 诱导的病理性氧化应激(ROS)作用下,JS 并未对 HIG-82 细胞的存活率产生明显改变。有趣的是,JS 处理不仅降低了 ROS 水平,还以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制了胶原降解蛋白酶的蛋白表达。使用 JS 处理后,细胞的存活率提高,可以抵御 H2O2 诱导的毒性 ROS 水平。在炎症因子 H2O2、MIA、LPS 和 TNF-α 处理下,HIG-82 细胞中细胞保护因子 aggrecan、胶原蛋白 II 和 Bcl-2 的表达量增加,而 MMP-13、ADAMTS-2、细胞色素 C 和裂解 Caspase 3 的表达量则分别减少。有趣的是,JS处理的细胞保护作用归因于Bax线粒体定位的减少和H2O2处理的HIG-82细胞细胞质中细胞色素C释放的减少。总之,我们的研究结果表明,JS对RA的治疗具有一种新的保护机制,有可能作为一种辅助治疗或替代治疗方法用于缓解炎症性疾病。
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引用次数: 0
Integrative analysis of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing reveals sphingolipid metabolism and immune landscape in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. 大量和单细胞 RNA 测序的综合分析揭示了透明细胞肾细胞癌中的鞘脂代谢和免疫格局。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24319
Dongdong Xie, Zhitao Han, Yu Wang, Haoyu Shi, Xiang Wu, Jiaqing Wu, Yingbo Dai

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by its aggressive behavior and complex molecular heterogeneity, posing significant challenges for treatment and prognostication. This study offers a comprehensive analysis of ccRCC by leveraging both bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data, with a specific aim to unravel the complexities of sphingolipid metabolism and the intricate dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME). By examining ccRCC samples sourced from public databases, our investigation delves deep into the genetic and transcriptomic landscape of this cancer type. Employing advanced analytical techniques, we have identified pivotal patterns in gene expression and cellular heterogeneity, with a special focus on the roles and interactions of various immune cells within the TME. Significantly, our research has unearthed insights into the dynamics of sphingolipid metabolism in ccRCC, shedding light on its potential implications for tumor progression and strategies for immune evasion. A novel aspect of this study is the development of a risk score model designed to enhance prognostic predictions for ccRCC patients, which is currently pending external validation to ascertain its clinical utility. Despite its contributions, the study is mindful of its limitations, including a reliance on observational data from public sources and a primary focus on RNA sequencing data, which may constrain the depth and generalizability of the findings. The study does not encompass critical aspects, such as protein expression, posttranslational modifications, and comprehensive metabolic profiles. Moreover, its retrospective design underscores the necessity for future prospective studies to solidify these preliminary conclusions. Our findings illuminate the intricate interplay between genetic alterations, sphingolipid metabolism, and immune responses in ccRCC. This research not only enhances our understanding of the molecular foundations of ccRCC but also paves the way for the development of targeted therapies and personalized treatment modalities. The study underlines the importance of cautious interpretation of results and champions ongoing research using diverse methodologies to thoroughly comprehend and effectively combat this formidable cancer type.

透明细胞肾细胞癌(ccRCC)具有侵袭性和复杂的分子异质性,给治疗和预后带来了巨大挑战。本研究利用大样本和单细胞RNA测序数据对ccRCC进行了全面分析,旨在揭示鞘脂代谢的复杂性和肿瘤微环境(TME)内错综复杂的动态变化。通过研究来自公共数据库的ccRCC样本,我们的研究深入探讨了这种癌症类型的基因和转录组情况。利用先进的分析技术,我们确定了基因表达和细胞异质性的关键模式,并特别关注 TME 中各种免疫细胞的作用和相互作用。重要的是,我们的研究揭示了鞘脂在ccRCC中的代谢动态,揭示了其对肿瘤进展和免疫逃避策略的潜在影响。这项研究的一个新颖之处是建立了一个风险评分模型,旨在加强对ccRCC患者的预后预测,目前该模型正在等待外部验证,以确定其临床实用性。尽管这项研究做出了贡献,但我们也注意到了它的局限性,包括依赖于公共来源的观察数据以及主要侧重于 RNA 测序数据,这可能会限制研究结果的深度和普遍性。该研究并不包括蛋白质表达、翻译后修饰和全面代谢概况等关键方面。此外,这项研究的回顾性设计也强调了未来进行前瞻性研究以巩固这些初步结论的必要性。我们的研究结果阐明了ccRCC中基因改变、鞘脂代谢和免疫反应之间错综复杂的相互作用。这项研究不仅加深了我们对 ccRCC 分子基础的了解,还为开发靶向疗法和个性化治疗模式铺平了道路。这项研究强调了谨慎解读研究结果的重要性,并倡导使用多种方法进行持续研究,以彻底了解并有效对抗这种可怕的癌症类型。
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引用次数: 0
Resveratrol Alleviated T-2 Toxin-Induced Liver Injury via Preservation of Nrf2 Pathway and GSH Synthesis. 白藜芦醇通过保护 Nrf2 通路和 GSH 合成缓解 T-2 毒素诱导的肝损伤
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24412
Hong Jin, Jun He, Min Wu, Xiaohan Wang, Li Jia, Li Zhang, Jiabin Guo

T-2 toxin is a trichothecene mycotoxin and is considered as an extremely inevitable pollutant with potent hepatotoxicity. However, the approach to alleviation of T-2 toxin-triggered hepatotoxicity has been recognized as a serious challenge. Resveratrol (Res) is a polyphenol natural product isolated from various plant species, but its protective effect against T-2 toxin hepatotoxicity and detailed mechanism remains obscure. In the present study, the effect of Res against the hepatotoxicity was evaluated, and the underlying mechanisms were further revealed in mice. Functionally, Res inhibited liver injury, oxidative damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by T-2 toxin. Mechanistically, Res modulated Nrf2-mediated antioxidant pathway and glutathione synthesis inhibition. Collectively, our findings first showed beyond doubt that Res ameliorated T-2 toxin-triggered liver injury by regulating Nrf2 pathways in mice.

T-2 毒素是一种单端孢霉烯霉菌毒素,被认为是一种不可避免的污染物,具有强烈的肝毒性。然而,如何缓解 T-2 毒素引发的肝脏毒性一直是一个严峻的挑战。白藜芦醇(Res)是从多种植物中分离出来的一种多酚天然产物,但它对 T-2 毒素肝毒性的保护作用及其详细机制仍不清楚。本研究以小鼠为研究对象,评估了白藜芦醇对肝毒性的抑制作用,并进一步揭示了其作用机制。在功能上,Res 可抑制 T-2 毒素诱导的肝损伤、氧化损伤和线粒体功能障碍。机制上,Res 调节了 Nrf2 介导的抗氧化途径和谷胱甘肽合成抑制。总之,我们的研究结果首次毫无疑问地表明,Res能通过调节Nrf2通路改善T-2毒素诱发的小鼠肝损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Subchronic Chloroform Exposure Causes Intestinal Damage and Induces Gut Microbiota Disruption and Metabolic Dysregulation in Mice. 亚慢性氯仿暴露导致小鼠肠道损伤并诱发肠道微生物群紊乱和代谢失调
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24417
Zaishan Wang, Meng Xu, Qiang Li, Sihan Lu, Zhu Liu

Chloroform is a prevalent toxic environmental pollutant in urban settings, posing risks to human health through exposure via various mediums such as air and tap water. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in maintaining host health. However, there is a paucity of research elucidating the impact of chloroform exposure on the gut microbiota. In this investigation, 18 SPF Kunming female mice were stratified into three groups (n = 6) and subjected to oral gavage with chloroform doses equivalent to 0, 50, and 150 mg/kg of body weight over 30 days. Our findings demonstrate that subchronic chloroform exposure significantly perturbs hematological parameters in mice and induces histopathological alterations in cecal tissues, consequently engendering marked disparities in the functional composition of cecal microbiota and metabolic equilibrium of cecal contents. Ultimately, our investigation revealed a statistically robust correlation, exhibiting a high degree of significance, between the intestinal microbiome composition and the metabolites that were differentially expressed consequent to chloroform exposure.

氯仿是城市环境中普遍存在的一种有毒环境污染物,通过空气和自来水等各种媒介接触氯仿会对人体健康造成危害。肠道微生物群在维持宿主健康方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。然而,有关氯仿暴露对肠道微生物群影响的研究却很少。在这项研究中,18 只 SPF 昆明雌性小鼠被分为三组(n = 6),分别在 30 天内口服相当于 0、50 和 150 毫克/千克体重剂量的氯仿。我们的研究结果表明,亚慢性氯仿暴露会显著扰乱小鼠的血液学参数,并诱导盲肠组织发生组织病理学改变,从而导致盲肠微生物群的功能组成和盲肠内容物的代谢平衡出现明显差异。最终,我们的研究发现,肠道微生物组的组成与氯仿暴露后不同表达的代谢物之间存在统计学上的强相关性,并显示出高度的显著性。
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引用次数: 0
Blocking IL-23 Signaling Mitigates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Murine Emphysema. 阻断 IL-23 信号传导可减轻香烟烟雾诱发的小鼠肺气肿
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24405
Xue Tian, Shaohua Wang, Chujie Zhang, Y S Prakash, Robert Vassallo

Inflammatory cell infiltration is a characteristic feature of COPD and correlates directly with the severity of the disease. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that regulates Th-17 inflammation, which mediates many pathophysiological events in COPD. The primary goal of this study was to determine the role of IL-23 as a mediator of key pathologic processes in cigarette smoke-induced COPD. In this study, we report an increase in IL23 gene expression in the lung biopsies of COPD patients compared to controls and identified a positive correlation between IL23 gene expression and disease severity. In a cigarette smoke-induced murine emphysema model, the suppression of IL-23 with a monoclonal blocking antibody reduced the severity of cigarette smoke-induced murine emphysema. Mechanistically, the suppression of IL-23 was associated with a reduction in immune cell infiltration, oxidative stress injury, and apoptosis, suggesting a role for IL-23 as an essential immune mediator of the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of CS-induced emphysema.

炎症细胞浸润是慢性阻塞性肺病的一个特征,与疾病的严重程度直接相关。白细胞介素-23(IL-23)是一种促炎细胞因子,可调节Th-17炎症,而Th-17炎症介导了慢性阻塞性肺病的许多病理生理事件。本研究的主要目的是确定 IL-23 在香烟烟雾诱发的慢性阻塞性肺病的关键病理过程中的介导作用。在这项研究中,我们报告了与对照组相比,慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺活检组织中 IL23 基因表达的增加,并确定了 IL23 基因表达与疾病严重程度之间的正相关性。在香烟烟雾诱导的小鼠肺气肿模型中,用单克隆阻断抗体抑制 IL-23 可减轻香烟烟雾诱导的小鼠肺气肿的严重程度。从机理上讲,IL-23的抑制与免疫细胞浸润、氧化应激损伤和细胞凋亡的减少有关,这表明IL-23在CS诱导的肺气肿发病机制中是炎症过程的重要免疫介质。
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引用次数: 0
Epigenetic Regulation of RNF135 by LSD1 Promotes Stemness Maintenance and Brain Metastasis in Lung Adenocarcinoma LSD1 对 RNF135 的表观遗传调控促进肺腺癌的干性维持和脑转移
IF 4.5 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24407
Xiaohan Qu, Tianjian Ding, Haoqi Zhao, Liming Wang
RING finger protein 135 (RNF135) is identified as a regulator in certain cancer types. However, its role and molecular mechanisms in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unclear. Herein, we investigated the level of RNF135 in tumor tissues of LUAD patients using the UALCAN database and confirmed the data by real‐time PCR and western blot analysis. The effects of RNF135 on stemness maintenance and migration/invasion capability of LUAD cells were investigated by sphere formation, flow cytometry, wound healing, and transwell assay. Limiting dilution xenograft assay and intracardiac injection of LUAD cells were applied to assess the implications of RNF135 in tumorigenesis and brain metastasis. Our results revealed that RNF135 was upregulated in tumor tissues of LUAD patients and was positively correlated with poor prognosis. Knockdown of RNF135 suppressed cancer stem cells (CSCs)‐like properties, and migration/invasion capability of A549 and NCI‐H1975 cells. Conversely, overexpression of RNF135 augmented CSCs‐like traits and migration/invasion ability of LUAD cells. Limiting dilution xenograft assay demonstrated that RNF135 was required for the self‐renewal of CSCs to initiate LUAD development. Overexpression of RNF135 in A549 cells increased their ability to metastasize to the brain in vivo. Mechanistically, the transcriptional activation of RNF135 by LSD1 involved H3K9me2 demethylation at the promoter region of RNF135. Reexpression of RNF135 in LSD1‐silenced A549 cells was able to reverse LSD1‐mediated stemness maintenance and migration/invasion capability. Overall, our results implied that targeting of LSD1/RNF135 axis might be a feasible method to suppress tumorigenesis and brain metastasis of LUAD patients.
RING 手指蛋白 135(RNF135)被认为是某些癌症类型的调节因子。然而,它在肺腺癌(LUAD)中的作用和分子机制仍不清楚。在此,我们利用 UALCAN 数据库研究了 RNF135 在 LUAD 患者肿瘤组织中的水平,并通过实时 PCR 和 Western 印迹分析证实了这些数据。RNF135对LUAD细胞的干性维持和迁移/侵袭能力的影响通过球形成、流式细胞术、伤口愈合和透孔试验进行了研究。我们还应用极限稀释异种移植试验和心内注射LUAD细胞来评估RNF135在肿瘤发生和脑转移中的影响。结果显示,RNF135在LUAD患者的肿瘤组织中上调,并与预后不良呈正相关。敲除 RNF135 可抑制 A549 和 NCI-H1975 细胞的癌症干细胞(CSCs)样特性和迁移/侵袭能力。相反,RNF135的过表达增强了LUAD细胞的类癌干细胞特性和迁移/侵袭能力。限制性稀释异种移植试验表明,RNF135是CSCs自我更新启动LUAD发展的必要条件。在A549细胞中过表达RNF135可提高其体内向脑部转移的能力。从机制上讲,LSD1对RNF135的转录激活涉及RNF135启动子区的H3K9me2去甲基化。在LSD1沉默的A549细胞中重新表达RNF135能够逆转LSD1介导的干性维持和迁移/侵袭能力。总之,我们的研究结果表明,靶向LSD1/RNF135轴可能是抑制LUAD患者肿瘤发生和脑转移的可行方法。
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引用次数: 0
The Increased Apoptosis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mediated Osteopenia Due to Prenatal Nicotine Exposure in Female Offspring Rats via IGF1 Pathway 产前尼古丁暴露通过 IGF1 通路导致间充质干细胞凋亡增加,从而导致雌性后代大鼠骨质疏松
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24391
Xufeng Li, Hao Xiao, Zhixin Wu, Hui Wang, Liaobin Chen

Nicotine exposure is a common adverse environment during pregnancy and causes developmental toxicity of long bones in offspring. However, the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) on bone mass accumulation in female offspring and its mechanism remained to be further investigated. In this study, we constructed a PNE rat model and collected the long bone and the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) from female offspring rats for the detection of bone mass, cell apoptosis, and the expressions of osteogenesis- and apoptosis-related genes. The results revealed that PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats and was associated with the suppression of osteogenic function. Moreover, the apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats was raised, and the expression ratio of apoptosis marker genes BAX/BCL-2 was significantly increased. Further, PNE inhibited the expression and function of insulin-like growth factor l (IGF1) signaling pathway in BMSCs. However, the exogenous IGF1 treatment partially ameliorated the increased apoptosis of BMSCs derived from the PNE female offspring rats. In conclusion, PNE induced low bone mass in female offspring rats, which was attributed to the increased apoptosis of BMSCs due to functional inhibition of IGF1 signaling pathway.

尼古丁暴露是孕期常见的不良环境,会导致后代长骨发育毒性。然而,产前尼古丁暴露(PNE)对雌性后代骨量积累的影响及其机制仍有待进一步研究。本研究构建了尼古丁暴露大鼠模型,并采集了雌性后代大鼠的长骨和骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),检测其骨量、细胞凋亡、成骨和凋亡相关基因的表达。结果发现,PNE 会诱导雌性子代大鼠骨量降低,并与成骨功能受抑制有关。此外,从 PNE 雌性子代大鼠体内提取的 BMSCs 的凋亡率升高,凋亡标志基因 BAX/BCL-2 的表达比显著增加。此外,PNE 还抑制了 BMSCs 中胰岛素样生长因子 l(IGF1)信号通路的表达和功能。然而,外源性 IGF1 治疗可部分改善 PNE 雌性后代大鼠 BMSCs 细胞凋亡增加的情况。总之,PNE 会诱导雌性子代大鼠骨量降低,其原因是 IGF1 信号通路的功能性抑制导致 BMSCs 细胞凋亡增加。
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引用次数: 0
Picrasidine I Regulates Apoptosis in Melanoma Cell Lines by Activating ERK and JNK Pathways and Suppressing AKT Signaling. 苦木西碱 I 通过激活 ERK 和 JNK 通路以及抑制 AKT 信号转导来调节黑色素瘤细胞株的凋亡。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-28 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24404
Mu-Kuei Shieu, Chia-Chieh Lin, Hsin-Yu Ho, Yu-Sheng Lo, Yi-Ching Chuang, Ming-Ju Hsieh

World Health Organization data indicate a continuous increase in melanoma incidence, with metastatic melanoma characterized by poor prognosis and drug resistance. The exploration of therapeutics derived from natural products remains an active area of in vitro research. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor effects of picrasidine I, a natural compound extracted from Picrasma quassioides, against two melanoma cell lines. We selected two metastatic melanoma cell lines, HMY-1 and A2058, for molecular studies, including Western blotting, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and flow cytometry. Picrasidine I demonstrated cytotoxic effects against the HMY-1 and A2058 melanoma cell lines. It induced cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase and downregulated cell cycle-related proteins (e.g., cyclin A2, D1, cyclin-dependent kinases 4, and 6). In the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, picrasidine I activated proapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bax, Bak, t-Bid, BimL/S) and suppressed the expression of antiapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Bcl-xL), with an observed increase in the quantity of depolarized cells. In addition, the apoptotic effects of picrasidine I were linked to the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways and the inhibition of the protein kinase B signaling pathway. A human apoptosis array indicated claspin inhibition upon picrasidine I treatment, suggesting the potential involvement of picrasidine I in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. Our findings suggest that picrasidine I has potential as a candidate for treating advanced melanoma, and thus these findings warrant further investigation. The modulation of claspin expression by picrasidine I could be investigated further as a potential biomarker to predict its efficacy in related to advanced stages of melanoma.

世界卫生组织的数据显示,黑色素瘤的发病率持续上升,转移性黑色素瘤的特点是预后不良和耐药性。从天然产物中提取治疗药物的探索仍然是体外研究的一个活跃领域。本研究的目的是确定从 Picrasma quassioides 提取的天然化合物 picrasidine I 对两种黑色素瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤作用。我们选择了两种转移性黑色素瘤细胞系 HMY-1 和 A2058 进行分子研究,包括 Western 印迹、4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚染色和流式细胞术。苦木西碱 I 对 HMY-1 和 A2058 黑色素瘤细胞系具有细胞毒性作用。它诱导细胞周期停滞在亚 G1 期,并下调细胞周期相关蛋白(如细胞周期蛋白 A2、D1、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 4 和 6)。在细胞凋亡的内在途径中,苦木西碱 I 激活了促凋亡蛋白(如 Bax、Bak、t-Bid、BimL/S),抑制了抗凋亡蛋白(如 Bcl-2、Bcl-xL)的表达,同时观察到去极化细胞的数量增加。此外,苦木西碱 I 的凋亡效应与 c-Jun N 端激酶和细胞外信号调节激酶通路的激活以及蛋白激酶 B 信号通路的抑制有关。人体细胞凋亡阵列显示,苦木西碱 I 会抑制 Claspin,这表明苦木西碱 I 可能参与了细胞凋亡和细胞周期的调节。我们的研究结果表明,苦木西碱 I 有可能成为治疗晚期黑色素瘤的候选药物,因此这些发现值得进一步研究。我们可以进一步研究苦木西碱 I 对 Claspin 表达的调节作用,并将其作为一种潜在的生物标志物,用于预测苦木西碱 I 对晚期黑色素瘤的疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Subway Fine Particles (PM2.5)-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Response Triggers Airway Epithelial Barrier Damage Through the TLRs/NF-κB-Dependent Pathway In Vitro. 地铁细颗粒物(PM2.5)诱发的促炎反应通过TLRs/NF-κB依赖的体外途径触发气道上皮屏障损伤
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24403
Fanmei Zeng, Guanhua Pang, Liwen Hu, Yuan Sun, Wen Peng, Yuwei Chen, Dan Xu, Qing Xia, Luwei Zhao, Yifei Li, Miao He

Subways are widely used in major cities around the world, and subway fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the main source of daily PM2.5 exposure for urban residents. Exposure to subway PM2.5 leads to acute inflammatory damage in humans, which has been confirmed in mouse in vivo studies. However, the concrete mechanism by which subway PM2.5 causes airway damage remains obscure. In this study, we found that subway PM2.5 triggered release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17E, tumor necrosis factor α, transforming growth factor β, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin from human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) in a dose-effect relationship. Subsequently, supernatant recovered from the subway PM2.5 group significantly increased expression of the aforementioned cytokines in BEAS-2B cells compared with the subway PM2.5 group. Additionally, tight junctions (TJs) of BEAS-2B cells including zonula occludens-1, E-cadherin, and occludin were decreased by subway PM2.5 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, supernatant recovered from the subway PM2.5 group markedly decreased the expression of these TJs compared with the control group. Furthermore, inhibitors of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), as well as chelate resins (e.g., chelex) and deferoxamine, remarkably ameliorated the observed changes of cytokines and TJs caused by subway PM2.5 in BEAS-2B cells. Therefore, these results suggest that subway PM2.5 induced a decline of TJs after an initial ascent of cytokine expression, and subway PM2.5 altered expression of both cytokines and TJs by activating TLRs/NF-κB-dependent pathway in BEAS-2B cells. The metal components of subway PM2.5 may contribute to the airway epithelial injury.

地铁在世界各大城市广泛使用,地铁细颗粒物(PM2.5)是城市居民每天接触 PM2.5 的主要来源。暴露于地铁 PM2.5 会导致人体急性炎症损伤,这已在小鼠体内研究中得到证实。然而,地铁PM2.5导致气道损伤的具体机制仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们发现地铁PM2.5会引发人支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)释放白细胞介素17E、肿瘤坏死因子α、转化生长因子β和胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素等促炎细胞因子,且存在剂量效应关系。随后,与地铁 PM2.5 组相比,从地铁 PM2.5 组回收的上清液显著增加了 BEAS-2B 细胞中上述细胞因子的表达。此外,地铁PM2.5还以剂量依赖的方式降低了BEAS-2B细胞的紧密连接(TJ),包括Zonula occludens-1、E-cadherin和occludin。此外,与对照组相比,从地铁 PM2.5 组回收的上清液明显降低了这些 TJ 的表达。此外,收费样受体(TLRs)和核因子-卡巴B(NF-κB)抑制剂以及螯合树脂(如chelex)和去氧胺能明显改善地铁PM2.5在BEAS-2B细胞中引起的细胞因子和TJs的变化。因此,这些结果表明,地铁PM2.5在最初的细胞因子表达上升后诱导了TJs的下降,地铁PM2.5通过激活TLRs/NF-κB依赖途径改变了BEAS-2B细胞中细胞因子和TJs的表达。地铁PM2.5中的金属成分可能是造成气道上皮损伤的原因之一。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to "Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone GRP78 Participates in Fluoride-Induced Autophagy in LS8 Cells by Regulating the IRE1-TRAF2-JNK Pathway". 纠正 "内质网伴侣蛋白 GRP78 通过调节 IRE1-TRAF2-JNK 通路参与氟化物诱导的 LS8 细胞自噬"。
IF 4.4 3区 医学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24402
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Toxicology
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