Fluoride (F−), a common environmental contaminant resulting from both natural and human activities, poses a threat to animal and human health globally. Plant‐derived phytochemicals with pharmacological properties offer promising potential for mitigating various chemical toxicants. In this study, we explored the potential benefits of trans ‐chalcone (TC) in counteracting sodium fluoride (NaF) induced toxicity in zebrafish models. The cytotoxic effects of NaF (0–5 mM) and TC (0–100 μM) were evaluated in Dr G cells using MTT and AB assays. The larvae and Dr G cells were treated with NaF alone and in combination with TC to evaluate for ROS generation, biochemical parameters, and the mRNA expression profiles of inflammatory genes ( cox‐2a , cox‐2b , tnf‐α , and il‐1β ) as well as apoptotic regulatory genes ( bcl‐2 , bax , p53 , and cas3 ). Mitochondrial membrane integrity in Dr G cells was analyzed using rhodamine 123. Additionally, the cardiac rate and tactile response were measured in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrated that TC mitigated the toxic effects of NaF by modulating cellular oxidant levels, preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity, and enhancing antioxidant responses in Dr G cells and larvae. Furthermore, TC restored the cardiac rate and tactile response in fluoride‐treated larvae and normalized the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic regulatory genes in response to NaF toxicity. Overall, our findings suggest that TC is a promising candidate for reducing cellular oxidant levels, inflammation, and apoptotic stress associated with NaF derived toxicity, utilizing both in vivo and in vitro approaches.
{"title":"Amelioration of Fluoride Induced Toxicity by trans ‐Chalcone in Zebrafish Larvae and Its Gill Cell Line: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach","authors":"Mohamed Jaffer Abdul Wazith, Gani Taju, Seepoo Abdul Majeed, Venkatesan Rajkumar, Sivaraj Mithra, Kumaraswamy Kanimozhi, Sathar Zaheer Ahmed, Azeez Sait Sahul Hameed","doi":"10.1002/tox.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70014","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride (F−), a common environmental contaminant resulting from both natural and human activities, poses a threat to animal and human health globally. Plant‐derived phytochemicals with pharmacological properties offer promising potential for mitigating various chemical toxicants. In this study, we explored the potential benefits of <jats:italic>trans</jats:italic> ‐chalcone (TC) in counteracting sodium fluoride (NaF) induced toxicity in zebrafish models. The cytotoxic effects of NaF (0–5 mM) and TC (0–100 μM) were evaluated in <jats:italic>Dr</jats:italic> G cells using MTT and AB assays. The larvae and <jats:italic>Dr</jats:italic> G cells were treated with NaF alone and in combination with TC to evaluate for ROS generation, biochemical parameters, and the mRNA expression profiles of inflammatory genes ( <jats:italic>cox‐2a</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>cox‐2b</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>tnf‐α</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>il‐1β</jats:italic> ) as well as apoptotic regulatory genes ( <jats:italic>bcl‐2</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>bax</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>p53</jats:italic> , and <jats:italic>cas3</jats:italic> ). Mitochondrial membrane integrity in <jats:italic>Dr</jats:italic> G cells was analyzed using rhodamine 123. Additionally, the cardiac rate and tactile response were measured in zebrafish larvae. Our results demonstrated that TC mitigated the toxic effects of NaF by modulating cellular oxidant levels, preserving mitochondrial membrane integrity, and enhancing antioxidant responses in <jats:italic>Dr</jats:italic> G cells and larvae. Furthermore, TC restored the cardiac rate and tactile response in fluoride‐treated larvae and normalized the expression of inflammatory and apoptotic regulatory genes in response to NaF toxicity. Overall, our findings suggest that TC is a promising candidate for reducing cellular oxidant levels, inflammation, and apoptotic stress associated with NaF derived toxicity, utilizing both in vivo and in vitro approaches.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"363 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145830013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to food safety and human health, especially in rice‐consuming regions. This study aimed to identify rice cultivars with consistently low Cd accumulation and to establish a soil quality standard based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) derived from field trials across 10 environments in central Taiwan. Fifteen rice cultivars were evaluated over four years (2020–2023), and BCF values were determined for each cultivar and environment. Genotypic and environmental effects on Cd accumulation were assessed using genotype plus genotype‐by‐environment (GGE) biplot analysis. The results indicated that environmental factors contributed the most to BCF variability (93.11%), followed by genotype–environment interaction (5.61%) and genotypic effect (1.28%). Several cultivars, including KH139 and TT30, exhibited stable and low BCF values across environments. Furthermore, the BCF values were used to construct a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curve fitted with the Burr Type III distribution, and the HC5 value was estimated for the derivation of food safety and health‐based Cd soil thresholds. The former's soil threshold was 0.7 mg/kg, while the latter's ranged from 4.5–6.0 mg/kg depending on gender. The results suggest that the soil Cd threshold can be maintained at the current Taiwan's soil pollution control standard of 5 mg/kg. These findings provide scientific evidence for the development of site‐specific, risk‐based soil management strategies and cultivar selection to mitigate Cd exposure from rice consumption.
{"title":"Screening of Stable Low‐Cadmium Rice Cultivars and Derivation of Soil Cd Threshold Based on Bioconcentration Factor and Multi‐Environment Analysis","authors":"Kai‐Wei Juang, Chien‐Hui Syu, Ting Tsai, Bo‐Ching Chen","doi":"10.1002/tox.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70016","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) contamination in agricultural soils poses a significant threat to food safety and human health, especially in rice‐consuming regions. This study aimed to identify rice cultivars with consistently low Cd accumulation and to establish a soil quality standard based on the bioconcentration factor (BCF) derived from field trials across 10 environments in central Taiwan. Fifteen rice cultivars were evaluated over four years (2020–2023), and BCF values were determined for each cultivar and environment. Genotypic and environmental effects on Cd accumulation were assessed using genotype plus genotype‐by‐environment (GGE) biplot analysis. The results indicated that environmental factors contributed the most to BCF variability (93.11%), followed by genotype–environment interaction (5.61%) and genotypic effect (1.28%). Several cultivars, including KH139 and TT30, exhibited stable and low BCF values across environments. Furthermore, the BCF values were used to construct a species sensitivity distribution (SSD) curve fitted with the Burr Type III distribution, and the HC5 value was estimated for the derivation of food safety and health‐based Cd soil thresholds. The former's soil threshold was 0.7 mg/kg, while the latter's ranged from 4.5–6.0 mg/kg depending on gender. The results suggest that the soil Cd threshold can be maintained at the current Taiwan's soil pollution control standard of 5 mg/kg. These findings provide scientific evidence for the development of site‐specific, risk‐based soil management strategies and cultivar selection to mitigate Cd exposure from rice consumption.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arecoline is a major active alkaloid in <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> <jats:italic>Areca catechu</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> L. Currently, its biological toxicity has been extensively explored using multiple models, such as cell lines, animal embryos and representatives of rodent and non‐rodent species. However, the intergenerational impacts of this compound on aquatic invertebrate species remain still unclear. Thus, in this study, using <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> as the model insect, we evaluated the toxicity of arecoline to the larvae and its subsequent effects on the developmental parameters of the parental ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> ) and offspring ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> ) generations. Arecoline exhibited a high toxicity to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> <jats:italic>A. aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> larvae with the LC <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> value of 72.68 μg/mL via acute exposure for 48 h. As a result, the cumulative pupation rate of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> decreased significantly by ranging from 12.96% to 38.50% with the increase of arecoline concentration from 51.63 to 63.27 μg/mL as compared with that of the blank control. Similarly, the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> cumulative emergence rate and the average egg number per female exhibited reductions of 15.30%–43.88% and 26.32%–45.10%, respectively. Meanwhile, leg deformities of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> adults were observed as the main visible morphological defects with a maximum rate value of 11.89% at 63.27 μg/mL of arecoline. In contrast, the lifecycle parameters for <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> mentioned above were not significantly affected in the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> generation. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the transcriptome data demonstrated that arecoline‐induced leg deformities were associated with extracellular chitin‐related biological processes. Furthermore, five chitin synthesis pathway genes ( <jats:italic>G6PI</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>GFAT</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>GNPNA</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>UAP</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic> ) of F <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> adults were significantly down‐regulated with ranging from 1.62 to 7.80 folds of the control adults. Correspondingly, the activity of chitin synthetase was significantly inhibited by 72.88% after arecoline exposure. As expected, the chitin contents of leg‐deformed adults and their legs were also evidently reduced by 61.13% and 65.44%, respectively. These results imply that acute exposure of arecoline is of high toxicity to <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case"> <jats:italic>A. aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> larvae and affected the subsequent intergenerat
{"title":"Evaluation of the Intergenerational Effects of Arecoline on Aedes aegypti via Acute Exposure and Its Role in Inducing the Leg Deformities Involved in Chitin Synthesis Inhibition","authors":"Yuejie Wu, Fei Wang, Longxiang Gao, Yunfei Zhang, Lanying Wang, Yanping Luo","doi":"10.1002/tox.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70013","url":null,"abstract":"Arecoline is a major active alkaloid in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Areca catechu</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> L. Currently, its biological toxicity has been extensively explored using multiple models, such as cell lines, animal embryos and representatives of rodent and non‐rodent species. However, the intergenerational impacts of this compound on aquatic invertebrate species remain still unclear. Thus, in this study, using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aedes aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> as the model insect, we evaluated the toxicity of arecoline to the larvae and its subsequent effects on the developmental parameters of the parental ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> ) and offspring ( <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> ) generations. Arecoline exhibited a high toxicity to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>A. aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> larvae with the LC <jats:sub>50</jats:sub> value of 72.68 μg/mL via acute exposure for 48 h. As a result, the cumulative pupation rate of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> decreased significantly by ranging from 12.96% to 38.50% with the increase of arecoline concentration from 51.63 to 63.27 μg/mL as compared with that of the blank control. Similarly, the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> cumulative emergence rate and the average egg number per female exhibited reductions of 15.30%–43.88% and 26.32%–45.10%, respectively. Meanwhile, leg deformities of <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> adults were observed as the main visible morphological defects with a maximum rate value of 11.89% at 63.27 μg/mL of arecoline. In contrast, the lifecycle parameters for <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> mentioned above were not significantly affected in the <jats:italic>F</jats:italic> <jats:sub>1</jats:sub> generation. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the transcriptome data demonstrated that arecoline‐induced leg deformities were associated with extracellular chitin‐related biological processes. Furthermore, five chitin synthesis pathway genes ( <jats:italic>G6PI</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>GFAT</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>GNPNA</jats:italic> , <jats:italic>UAP</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>CHS</jats:italic> ) of F <jats:sub>0</jats:sub> adults were significantly down‐regulated with ranging from 1.62 to 7.80 folds of the control adults. Correspondingly, the activity of chitin synthetase was significantly inhibited by 72.88% after arecoline exposure. As expected, the chitin contents of leg‐deformed adults and their legs were also evidently reduced by 61.13% and 65.44%, respectively. These results imply that acute exposure of arecoline is of high toxicity to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>A. aegypti</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> larvae and affected the subsequent intergenerat","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chemical control remains a preferred choice among the farmers for pest management, with tolfenpyrad and emamectin benzoate popularly used in vegetable crops. To ensure consumer safety and assess the potential risks of these pesticides to human health, a field experiment was conducted for the estimation of residues of the combination product of tolfenpyrad and emamectin benzoate (Tolfenpyrad 18.75% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% W/W SC) in cauliflower and brinjal following SANTE (2021) guidelines. The extraction of residues was done using modified QuEChERS, and residues were estimated using Liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole processor. The average recovery of tolfenpyrad in cauliflower and brinjal was 86.17%–106.19% and 85.53%–106.16%, respectively, whereas the average recovery of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower was 92.33%–102.00% and in brinjal it was 93.36%–99.44%. The dissipation studies for tolfenpyrad revealed that the half‐life at X and 1.25X was 0.94 and 1.25 days, and 1.96 and 1.92 days in cauliflower and brinjal, respectively. The half‐life of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower and brinjal at X and 1.25X was 1.25 and 1.48 days, and 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. The pre‐harvest interval (PHI) of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower and brinjal was 4.66–5.51 days and 8.68–10.64 days, respectively, which was less than the PHI of tolfenpyrad with values of 8.03–11.13 days and 12.85–13.07 days in cauliflower and brinjal, respectively. Dietary risk assessment revealed a Hazard quotient of less than 1, indicating negligible risk to human health when used according to the recommended dose and PHI.
{"title":"Residue Analysis, Dissipation Kinetics and Risk Assessment of Tolfenpyrad and Emamectin Benzoate in Cauliflower and Brinjal Using LC / MS and TQ","authors":"Sapna Katna, Tanuja Banshtu, Nisha Devi, Arvind Kumar, Shubhra Singh, Isha Sharma, Sakshi Sharma, Deeksha Sharma","doi":"10.1002/tox.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70012","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical control remains a preferred choice among the farmers for pest management, with tolfenpyrad and emamectin benzoate popularly used in vegetable crops. To ensure consumer safety and assess the potential risks of these pesticides to human health, a field experiment was conducted for the estimation of residues of the combination product of tolfenpyrad and emamectin benzoate (Tolfenpyrad 18.75% + Emamectin Benzoate 0.94% W/W SC) in cauliflower and brinjal following SANTE (2021) guidelines. The extraction of residues was done using modified QuEChERS, and residues were estimated using Liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole processor. The average recovery of tolfenpyrad in cauliflower and brinjal was 86.17%–106.19% and 85.53%–106.16%, respectively, whereas the average recovery of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower was 92.33%–102.00% and in brinjal it was 93.36%–99.44%. The dissipation studies for tolfenpyrad revealed that the half‐life at X and 1.25X was 0.94 and 1.25 days, and 1.96 and 1.92 days in cauliflower and brinjal, respectively. The half‐life of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower and brinjal at X and 1.25X was 1.25 and 1.48 days, and 1.08 and 1.17, respectively. The pre‐harvest interval (PHI) of emamectin benzoate in cauliflower and brinjal was 4.66–5.51 days and 8.68–10.64 days, respectively, which was less than the PHI of tolfenpyrad with values of 8.03–11.13 days and 12.85–13.07 days in cauliflower and brinjal, respectively. Dietary risk assessment revealed a Hazard quotient of less than 1, indicating negligible risk to human health when used according to the recommended dose and PHI.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eatemad A. Awadalla, Souad H. M. Bekheet, Yahia A. Amin, Samia A. Gbr, Zeinab Ebrahim, Amna H. M. Nour
Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely studied due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in paints, plastics, ceramics, and magnetic products. However, concerns over their potential toxicity have led to increased interest in safer, environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This study evaluates the toxicological effects of green‐synthesized AgNPs using Aloe vera extract compared to chemically synthesized AgNPs on vital organs (liver, kidney, spleen, and testis) in male mice. Twenty‐eight healthy adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I (control) received 0.9% NaCl; Group II received Aloe vera extract (5 mg/kg); Group III received chemically synthesized AgNPs; and Group IV received green‐synthesized AgNPs with Aloe vera . Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters, including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), urea, and creatinine. Tissue samples were examined for oxidative stress markers such as total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and underwent histological and histochemical analysis. Results showed that the AgNPs and AgNPs ( Aloe vera ) groups exhibited significant increases in TOS, GOT, GPT, urea, and creatinine, with a concurrent reduction in TAC. However, only the chemically synthesized AgNPs group displayed marked histological damage in the liver, kidney, and testis, manifested as necrosis, inflammation, collagen deposition, and cellular degeneration. These changes were absent in the green‐synthesized AgNPs group. It can be concluded that AgNPs synthesized using Aloe vera exhibit fewer harmful health effects compared to those synthesized chemically, making green synthesis a safer and more reliable method.
{"title":"Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized From Aloe vera Extract Have Lower Toxicity Than Chemically Synthesized Forms on Hepatic, Renal, Oxidative/Antioxidative Profiles, and Histopathological Damage in Male Mice","authors":"Eatemad A. Awadalla, Souad H. M. Bekheet, Yahia A. Amin, Samia A. Gbr, Zeinab Ebrahim, Amna H. M. Nour","doi":"10.1002/tox.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70010","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely studied due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Among them, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used in paints, plastics, ceramics, and magnetic products. However, concerns over their potential toxicity have led to increased interest in safer, environmentally friendly synthesis methods. This study evaluates the toxicological effects of green‐synthesized AgNPs using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aloe vera</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> extract compared to chemically synthesized AgNPs on vital organs (liver, kidney, spleen, and testis) in male mice. Twenty‐eight healthy adult male mice were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I (control) received 0.9% NaCl; Group II received <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aloe vera</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> extract (5 mg/kg); Group III received chemically synthesized AgNPs; and Group IV received green‐synthesized AgNPs with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aloe vera</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> . Blood samples were analyzed for biochemical parameters, including glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), urea, and creatinine. Tissue samples were examined for oxidative stress markers such as total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and underwent histological and histochemical analysis. Results showed that the AgNPs and AgNPs ( <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aloe vera</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> ) groups exhibited significant increases in TOS, GOT, GPT, urea, and creatinine, with a concurrent reduction in TAC. However, only the chemically synthesized AgNPs group displayed marked histological damage in the liver, kidney, and testis, manifested as necrosis, inflammation, collagen deposition, and cellular degeneration. These changes were absent in the green‐synthesized AgNPs group. It can be concluded that AgNPs synthesized using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Aloe vera</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> exhibit fewer harmful health effects compared to those synthesized chemically, making green synthesis a safer and more reliable method.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"127 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen Ximena Martínez‐Escutia, Estefany I. Medina‐Reyes, Eduardo Delgado‐Armenta, Yolanda I. Chirino
Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), used as a food additive (labeled E171 in Europe), was withdrawn from the European market in 2022. The E171 toxicity mechanism involves its uptake, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation. It has been hypothesized that the TiO 2 accumulation nanoparticles (NPs) or E171 triggers tissue damage, and some studies have quantified titanium (Ti) concentration in several organs. Still, the accumulation pattern and toxicokinetics remain unknown. We aimed to systematically review the Ti accumulation in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and colon as these tissues have been reported to accumulate the highest Ti levels. We defined the search terms, and the literature search yielded 418 records. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 58 records that quantified Ti after exposure to TiO 2 NPs or E171 by five variants of inductively coupled plasma methods were considered for the analysis. A comparison of the sex of the animal model, the doses, type of titanium dioxide tested, and the administration route was performed. Based on this systematic review, we conclude that Ti accumulation in the tissues analyzed is unrelated to dose, administration route, exposure time, or animal model. Additionally, we found that the sample collection and digestion processes for biological samples analyzed varied among the studies, and the impact of these variations on Ti detection is unknown.
{"title":"Titanium Detected in Liver, Kidney, Spleen, and Intestine Is Not Related to Dose, Time, or Route of Exposure to Titanium Dioxide: A Systematic Review","authors":"Carmen Ximena Martínez‐Escutia, Estefany I. Medina‐Reyes, Eduardo Delgado‐Armenta, Yolanda I. Chirino","doi":"10.1002/tox.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70011","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium dioxide (TiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ), used as a food additive (labeled E171 in Europe), was withdrawn from the European market in 2022. The E171 toxicity mechanism involves its uptake, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation. It has been hypothesized that the TiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> accumulation nanoparticles (NPs) or E171 triggers tissue damage, and some studies have quantified titanium (Ti) concentration in several organs. Still, the accumulation pattern and toxicokinetics remain unknown. We aimed to systematically review the Ti accumulation in the liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, and colon as these tissues have been reported to accumulate the highest Ti levels. We defined the search terms, and the literature search yielded 418 records. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 58 records that quantified Ti after exposure to TiO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> NPs or E171 by five variants of inductively coupled plasma methods were considered for the analysis. A comparison of the sex of the animal model, the doses, type of titanium dioxide tested, and the administration route was performed. Based on this systematic review, we conclude that Ti accumulation in the tissues analyzed is unrelated to dose, administration route, exposure time, or animal model. Additionally, we found that the sample collection and digestion processes for biological samples analyzed varied among the studies, and the impact of these variations on Ti detection is unknown.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145717355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Glanet Durom,V A Aneesha,Nerella Venkata Pavan Kumar,M Karikalan,Meemansha Sharma,Madhu C Lingaraju,Subhashree Parida,Manjit Panigrahi,Avinash G Telang,Thakur Uttam Singh
Ethion is a commonly used OP (Organophosphate) pesticide. The present study evaluated the transgenerational reproductive effects of prenatal ethion exposure in rats. Different doses of ethion were orally administered to pregnant rats from gestational day (GD) 6-19, at doses of 0.86, 1.7, 3.43, and 6.9 mg/kg in groundnut oil. On post-natal day (PND) 1, body weight, crown-rump length (CRL), anogenital distance (AGD), tail length, and physical status of pups were evaluated. Post-natal survival was assessed by weekly monitoring of body weight, day of pinna detachment, teeth eruption, fur development, and eye and ear opening. Pubertal onset and oestrus cycle duration were recorded in female and male offspring and they were sacrificed on PND 60, and 75 respectively. Sperm parameters and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, mRNA expression of 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), DNA fragmentation, and histology of reproductive organs were evaluated. Lower ethion doses increased body weights, CRL, AGD, and tail lengths in pups. However, the highest dose showed significant weight reduction. Ethion delayed all postnatal developmental milestones in Filial (F1) offspring. In females, ethion-exposed groups showed prolonged oestrus cycle duration. MDA levels were elevated in the uterus, ovary, and testis. The uterus of ethion groups showed marked papillary projections and severe myometrial degeneration. The ovary showed disrupted ovarian stroma architecture and fewer developing and matured follicles in the ethion groups. mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene revealed decreased fold change except in the 1.7 mg/kg group where an increase in the fold change was recorded. Ethion advanced the testis descent and delayed pubertal onset in males. It also reduced sperm count, motility, intact acrosome percentage, and increased sperm abnormalities. Ethion caused severe testicular degeneration with necrosis of spermatogonial cells and the formation of giant cells. It caused a decrease in the fold change of mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene in the ovary and testis. No DNA fragmentation was observed. The findings indicate that prenatal ethion exposure induced marked transgenerational reproductive toxicity in rats.
{"title":"Prenatal Ethion Exposure Disrupts Reproductive Health in First-Generation Rats.","authors":"Elizabeth Glanet Durom,V A Aneesha,Nerella Venkata Pavan Kumar,M Karikalan,Meemansha Sharma,Madhu C Lingaraju,Subhashree Parida,Manjit Panigrahi,Avinash G Telang,Thakur Uttam Singh","doi":"10.1002/tox.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70008","url":null,"abstract":"Ethion is a commonly used OP (Organophosphate) pesticide. The present study evaluated the transgenerational reproductive effects of prenatal ethion exposure in rats. Different doses of ethion were orally administered to pregnant rats from gestational day (GD) 6-19, at doses of 0.86, 1.7, 3.43, and 6.9 mg/kg in groundnut oil. On post-natal day (PND) 1, body weight, crown-rump length (CRL), anogenital distance (AGD), tail length, and physical status of pups were evaluated. Post-natal survival was assessed by weekly monitoring of body weight, day of pinna detachment, teeth eruption, fur development, and eye and ear opening. Pubertal onset and oestrus cycle duration were recorded in female and male offspring and they were sacrificed on PND 60, and 75 respectively. Sperm parameters and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, mRNA expression of 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD), DNA fragmentation, and histology of reproductive organs were evaluated. Lower ethion doses increased body weights, CRL, AGD, and tail lengths in pups. However, the highest dose showed significant weight reduction. Ethion delayed all postnatal developmental milestones in Filial (F1) offspring. In females, ethion-exposed groups showed prolonged oestrus cycle duration. MDA levels were elevated in the uterus, ovary, and testis. The uterus of ethion groups showed marked papillary projections and severe myometrial degeneration. The ovary showed disrupted ovarian stroma architecture and fewer developing and matured follicles in the ethion groups. mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene revealed decreased fold change except in the 1.7 mg/kg group where an increase in the fold change was recorded. Ethion advanced the testis descent and delayed pubertal onset in males. It also reduced sperm count, motility, intact acrosome percentage, and increased sperm abnormalities. Ethion caused severe testicular degeneration with necrosis of spermatogonial cells and the formation of giant cells. It caused a decrease in the fold change of mRNA expression of the 3βHSD gene in the ovary and testis. No DNA fragmentation was observed. The findings indicate that prenatal ethion exposure induced marked transgenerational reproductive toxicity in rats.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fábio Campos, Maria D. Pavlaki, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro
Pesticides and pharmaceuticals are among the most common chemical groups in waterbodies and soils, and their universal distribution raises concerns about potential adverse effects on nontarget organisms and humans. Reproductive output disruption is of particular concern, as it transposes effects from the individual to the next generations at the population level, requiring precise identification of the affected processes. Caenorhabditis elegans , with its well‐known lifecycle, is an excellent model organism for investigating such effects within the One Health framework. The present study evaluated the toxicity of four globally prevalent chemicals: the insecticides cypermethrin and flupyradifurone, the herbicide MCPA, and the pharmaceutical diclofenac, at different C. elegans life stages to determine possible effects on different reproductive processes. Embryotoxicity was evaluated by the hatching rates of exposed eggs. Developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing L1 larvae for 96 h and measuring total offspring production and feeding rate. Intergenerational effects were evaluated by hatching rates of in utero exposed eggs (removed from exposed adults). Our results indicate that all substances affected C. elegans in one or more different life stages. Cypermethrin and MCPA showed the highest developmental toxicity, while the latter was also the most toxic for embryo development and intergenerational effects. This targeted approach highlights unexpected reproductive impacts unrelated to the chemicals' primary modes of action. Our findings emphasize the potential of C. elegans in developing adverse outcome pathways, contributing to more realistic hazard predictions regarding human health and animal well‐being and protecting the environment within the One Health approach.
{"title":"Toxicity of Four Common Environmental Chemicals Across Caenorhabditis elegans Life Stages Supporting the One Health Concept","authors":"Fábio Campos, Maria D. Pavlaki, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Susana Loureiro","doi":"10.1002/tox.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70002","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides and pharmaceuticals are among the most common chemical groups in waterbodies and soils, and their universal distribution raises concerns about potential adverse effects on nontarget organisms and humans. Reproductive output disruption is of particular concern, as it transposes effects from the individual to the next generations at the population level, requiring precise identification of the affected processes. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> , with its well‐known lifecycle, is an excellent model organism for investigating such effects within the One Health framework. The present study evaluated the toxicity of four globally prevalent chemicals: the insecticides cypermethrin and flupyradifurone, the herbicide MCPA, and the pharmaceutical diclofenac, at different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> life stages to determine possible effects on different reproductive processes. Embryotoxicity was evaluated by the hatching rates of exposed eggs. Developmental toxicity was assessed by exposing L1 larvae for 96 h and measuring total offspring production and feeding rate. Intergenerational effects were evaluated by hatching rates of in utero exposed eggs (removed from exposed adults). Our results indicate that all substances affected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> in one or more different life stages. Cypermethrin and MCPA showed the highest developmental toxicity, while the latter was also the most toxic for embryo development and intergenerational effects. This targeted approach highlights unexpected reproductive impacts unrelated to the chemicals' primary modes of action. Our findings emphasize the potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> <jats:italic>C. elegans</jats:italic> </jats:styled-content> in developing adverse outcome pathways, contributing to more realistic hazard predictions regarding human health and animal well‐being and protecting the environment within the One Health approach.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Jaikaria, R. Kumar, R. K. Asrani, S. Jamwal, A. Verma, J. G. Santoshrao, H. K. Bisen, V. Patial, D. Sharma, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and R. D. Patil, “Unveiling the Anticarcinogenic Potential of Inula racemosa Hook. f. Root Extract Against DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumour in Sprague Dawley Rats,” Environmental Toxicology 40, no. 1 (2025): 111–127, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24419.
We apologize for this error.
A. Jaikaria， R. Kumar， R. K. Asrani， S. Jamwal， A. Verma， J. G. Santoshrao， H. K. Bisen， V. Patial， D. Sharma， R. Kumar， A. Kumar， R. D. Patil，“揭示总状叶Inula racemosa Hook的抗癌潜力”。f.根提取物对dmba诱导的Sprague Dawley大鼠乳腺肿瘤的抑制作用，《环境毒理学》，第40期。1 (2025): 111-127, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24419.We为这个错误道歉。
{"title":"Correction to “Unveiling the Anticarcinogenic Potential of Inula racemosa Hook. f. Root Extract Against DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumour in Sprague Dawley Rats”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/tox.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/tox.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A. Jaikaria, R. Kumar, R. K. Asrani, S. Jamwal, A. Verma, J. G. Santoshrao, H. K. Bisen, V. Patial, D. Sharma, R. Kumar, A. Kumar, and R. D. Patil, “Unveiling the Anticarcinogenic Potential of Inula racemosa Hook. f. Root Extract Against DMBA-Induced Mammary Tumour in Sprague Dawley Rats,” <i>Environmental Toxicology</i> 40, no. 1 (2025): 111–127, https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.24419.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"41 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/tox.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145611189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aicha Mouane, Maria Chikha, Fares Mohamed Amine, Khadra Afaf Bendrihem, Asma Abid, Soundes Akriche, Adel A. Ibrahim, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Fahima Neffar, Salima Zereg, Smail Djerou, Abderrahmane Ararem, Mohammed Messaoudi
This study aims to investigate the biochemical and histological impacts of pesticide exposure on the sandfish skink, Scincus scincus , in the agricultural region of El Oued‐Souf, Algeria. We carried out biochemical blood analysis and histological examination on lizards sampled from sites with high, moderate, and low exposure to pesticides. Biochemical analyses revealed significant disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, renal function, and systemic inflammation, correlating with varying levels of exposure to pesticides. The high‐exposure group exhibited marked hyperglycemia (2.06 ± 0.29 mmol/L), elevated cholesterol (1.99 ± 0.44 mmol/L), and triglycerides (1.28 ± 0.42 mmol/L), along with significant increases in C‐reactive protein levels (11.78 ± 9.4), indicating systemic inflammation. Histological examination of heart, liver, and stomach tissues revealed a clear, exposure‐gradient‐dependent spectrum of pathological alterations. In samples from high‐exposure sites, tissues exhibited prominent interstitial fibrosis, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a pronounced disruption of normal cellular architecture. These findings provide compelling evidence that increasing levels of pesticide exposure in agricultural areas are linked not only to systemic biochemical disturbances but also to significant local tissue damage in Scincus scincus , thus underlining the broader ecological and public health risks associated with intensive pesticide use.
{"title":"Impact of Pesticide Exposure on the Metabolic and Tissue Health of Scincus scincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) in Southeastern Algeria","authors":"Aicha Mouane, Maria Chikha, Fares Mohamed Amine, Khadra Afaf Bendrihem, Asma Abid, Soundes Akriche, Adel A. Ibrahim, Ayomide Victor Atoki, Fahima Neffar, Salima Zereg, Smail Djerou, Abderrahmane Ararem, Mohammed Messaoudi","doi":"10.1002/tox.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.70004","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the biochemical and histological impacts of pesticide exposure on the sandfish skink, <jats:italic>Scincus scincus</jats:italic> , in the agricultural region of El Oued‐Souf, Algeria. We carried out biochemical blood analysis and histological examination on lizards sampled from sites with high, moderate, and low exposure to pesticides. Biochemical analyses revealed significant disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism, renal function, and systemic inflammation, correlating with varying levels of exposure to pesticides. The high‐exposure group exhibited marked hyperglycemia (2.06 ± 0.29 mmol/L), elevated cholesterol (1.99 ± 0.44 mmol/L), and triglycerides (1.28 ± 0.42 mmol/L), along with significant increases in C‐reactive protein levels (11.78 ± 9.4), indicating systemic inflammation. Histological examination of heart, liver, and stomach tissues revealed a clear, exposure‐gradient‐dependent spectrum of pathological alterations. In samples from high‐exposure sites, tissues exhibited prominent interstitial fibrosis, marked infiltration of inflammatory cells, and a pronounced disruption of normal cellular architecture. These findings provide compelling evidence that increasing levels of pesticide exposure in agricultural areas are linked not only to systemic biochemical disturbances but also to significant local tissue damage in <jats:italic>Scincus scincus</jats:italic> , thus underlining the broader ecological and public health risks associated with intensive pesticide use.","PeriodicalId":11756,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Toxicology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145609043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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