H. Shimizu, T. Hoshi, Kenji Nakamura, Jai-Eok Park
{"title":"Development of a Non-contact Ultrasonic Pollination Device","authors":"H. Shimizu, T. Hoshi, Kenji Nakamura, Jai-Eok Park","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.85","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"37 1","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90220736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryosuke Nomiyama, D. Yasutake, Y. Sago, M. Mori, K. Tagawa, H. Cho, Yueru Wu, Weizhen Wang, M. Kitano
Soil salinization occurs in crop fields of arid and semiarid regions under desertification (Dregne, 2002). Soil salinity reduces the crop’s ion absorbing power, which quickly reduces growth rate (Munns, 2002), and presents a serious problem for sustainable agriculture (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2002). Generally, salts are introduced through poor irrigation water and accumulated in the root zone soil (Oster, 1994; Rengasamy, 2006). This salt accumulation results from the following processes: 1) the transport of water and ions from groundwater to the root zone soil is mainly driven by crop transpiration (i.e., root water absorption), 2) these ions are selectively absorbed by crop roots, and 3) ions mainly responsible for soil salinization (such as Na and Cl ) accumulate in the root zone soil (Kitano et al., 2006; Yasutake et al., 2006; 2007; 2009a; Araki et al., 2011). Therefore, it is important to understand active and selective ion absorption by crop roots in the soil salinization process. Active and selective ion absorption by crop roots is regulated through ion-specific transport proteins on root cell membranes (Taiz and Zeiger, 2006). Focusing on this function of membrane transport proteins, Epstain and Hagen (1952) expressed the characteristics of ion absorption with the Michaelis-Menten equation, which was proposed based on the dependence of ion absorption on ion concentration in the root zone. Sago et al. (2011a; 2011b) investigated the effect of environmental factors on root ion absorption and observed that ion absorption depended on not only ion concentration in the root zone but also on ion mass flow to the root surface, which was defined as ion concentration in the root zone multiplied by water flow driven by crop transpiration (Barber, 1962). Therefore, Sago et al. (2011c) modified the Michaelis-Menten equation and newly proposed the transpiration-integrated model, which represents ion absorption affected by ion mass flow. Nomiyama et al. (2012b) applied the transpirationintegrated model to the data of Yasutake et al. (2009b), to analyze ion absorption by maize and sunflower plants in soil-less culture under salinized conditions. The results indicated that the dynamics of salt accumulation in the simplified condition of root zone in soil-less culture can be explained reliably by the transpiration-integrated model. On the other hand, in soil-based culture, both soil evaporation and transpiration induce a complicated process of water transport accompanied by ion transport in the root zone soil. To investigate this complicated process, Kitano et al. (2009) developed a large-sized soil column system for analyzing the dynamics of water and ion transport in soilplant systems. Ebihara et al. (2010) examined salt accumu-
干旱和半干旱地区的农田在沙漠化条件下发生土壤盐渍化(Dregne, 2002)。土壤盐分降低了作物的离子吸收能力，从而迅速降低了生长速度(Munns, 2002)，并对可持续农业提出了严重的问题(联合国粮农组织，2002)。一般来说，盐是通过不良灌溉水引入并在根区土壤中积累的(Oster, 1994;Rengasamy, 2006)。这种盐分积累是由以下过程造成的:1)地下水向根区土壤输送水分和离子主要由作物蒸腾作用驱动(即根系吸水)，2)这些离子被作物根系选择性吸收，3)主要负责土壤盐碱化的离子(如Na和Cl)在根区土壤中积累(Kitano et al.， 2006;Yasutake等，2006;2007;2009年;Araki et al.， 2011)。因此，了解作物根系在土壤盐渍化过程中的主动和选择性离子吸收具有重要意义。作物根系的主动和选择性离子吸收是通过根细胞膜上的离子特异性转运蛋白来调节的(Taiz和Zeiger, 2006)。Epstain和Hagen(1952)针对膜转运蛋白的这一功能，基于根区离子吸收与离子浓度的依赖性，提出了Michaelis-Menten方程来表达离子吸收的特性。Sago et al. (2011a;2011b)研究了环境因素对根系离子吸收的影响，发现离子吸收不仅取决于根区离子浓度，还取决于流向根表面的离子质量流量，其定义为根区离子浓度乘以作物蒸腾驱动的水流量(Barber, 1962)。因此，Sago et al. (2011c)对Michaelis-Menten方程进行了修正，重新提出了蒸腾积分模型，该模型表示离子吸收受离子质量流的影响。Nomiyama et al. (2012b)将蒸腾综合模型应用于Yasutake et al. (2009b)的数据，分析了盐碱化条件下玉米和向日葵无土栽培的离子吸收。结果表明，在简化的无土栽培根区条件下，蒸腾积分模型可以可靠地解释土壤盐分积累的动态。另一方面，在土基栽培中，土壤蒸发和蒸腾在根区土壤中诱发了一个复杂的水分输送过程，同时伴有离子输送。为了研究这一复杂的过程，Kitano等人(2009)开发了一种大型土壤柱系统，用于分析土壤植物系统中水和离子运输的动力学。Ebihara等人(2010)研究了盐的蓄积
{"title":"Evapotranspiration Integrated Model for Analysis of Soil Salinization Affected by Root Selective Absorption","authors":"Ryosuke Nomiyama, D. Yasutake, Y. Sago, M. Mori, K. Tagawa, H. Cho, Yueru Wu, Weizhen Wang, M. Kitano","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.199","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization occurs in crop fields of arid and semiarid regions under desertification (Dregne, 2002). Soil salinity reduces the crop’s ion absorbing power, which quickly reduces growth rate (Munns, 2002), and presents a serious problem for sustainable agriculture (Food and Agriculture Organization, 2002). Generally, salts are introduced through poor irrigation water and accumulated in the root zone soil (Oster, 1994; Rengasamy, 2006). This salt accumulation results from the following processes: 1) the transport of water and ions from groundwater to the root zone soil is mainly driven by crop transpiration (i.e., root water absorption), 2) these ions are selectively absorbed by crop roots, and 3) ions mainly responsible for soil salinization (such as Na and Cl ) accumulate in the root zone soil (Kitano et al., 2006; Yasutake et al., 2006; 2007; 2009a; Araki et al., 2011). Therefore, it is important to understand active and selective ion absorption by crop roots in the soil salinization process. Active and selective ion absorption by crop roots is regulated through ion-specific transport proteins on root cell membranes (Taiz and Zeiger, 2006). Focusing on this function of membrane transport proteins, Epstain and Hagen (1952) expressed the characteristics of ion absorption with the Michaelis-Menten equation, which was proposed based on the dependence of ion absorption on ion concentration in the root zone. Sago et al. (2011a; 2011b) investigated the effect of environmental factors on root ion absorption and observed that ion absorption depended on not only ion concentration in the root zone but also on ion mass flow to the root surface, which was defined as ion concentration in the root zone multiplied by water flow driven by crop transpiration (Barber, 1962). Therefore, Sago et al. (2011c) modified the Michaelis-Menten equation and newly proposed the transpiration-integrated model, which represents ion absorption affected by ion mass flow. Nomiyama et al. (2012b) applied the transpirationintegrated model to the data of Yasutake et al. (2009b), to analyze ion absorption by maize and sunflower plants in soil-less culture under salinized conditions. The results indicated that the dynamics of salt accumulation in the simplified condition of root zone in soil-less culture can be explained reliably by the transpiration-integrated model. On the other hand, in soil-based culture, both soil evaporation and transpiration induce a complicated process of water transport accompanied by ion transport in the root zone soil. To investigate this complicated process, Kitano et al. (2009) developed a large-sized soil column system for analyzing the dynamics of water and ion transport in soilplant systems. Ebihara et al. (2010) examined salt accumu-","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"70 1","pages":"199-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75352609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Controlling weeds through allelopathy is one strategy to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides. We investigated possible allelopathic effects of rattail fescue ( Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.). Water extract of rattail fescue inhibited root and shoot growth of cress ( Lepidium sativum L.). Powder of rattail fescue also inhibited the root and shoot growth of cress in a concentration dependent manner. The effectiveness of the water extract and powder of rattail fescue on the cress root and shoot growth was not significantly different. Allelopathic active substances may be leached from the powder into bioassay medium and those substances may inhibit the cress roots and shoots. In addition, the powder inhibited root and shoot growth of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), Phleum pratense L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium rigidum Gaund., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Echinochloa colonum L. in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, rattail fescue could be useful for a weed suppressive residue or soil additive materials in the variety of agricultural settings to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides, which should be investigated further in the field.
{"title":"Potential of Rattail Fescue Powder for Weed Management","authors":"Madoka Yamamoto, H. Kato‐Noguchi","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.43","url":null,"abstract":"Controlling weeds through allelopathy is one strategy to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides. We investigated possible allelopathic effects of rattail fescue ( Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.). Water extract of rattail fescue inhibited root and shoot growth of cress ( Lepidium sativum L.). Powder of rattail fescue also inhibited the root and shoot growth of cress in a concentration dependent manner. The effectiveness of the water extract and powder of rattail fescue on the cress root and shoot growth was not significantly different. Allelopathic active substances may be leached from the powder into bioassay medium and those substances may inhibit the cress roots and shoots. In addition, the powder inhibited root and shoot growth of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), Phleum pratense L., Digitaria sanguinalis L., Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lolium rigidum Gaund., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. and Echinochloa colonum L. in a concentration dependent manner. Therefore, rattail fescue could be useful for a weed suppressive residue or soil additive materials in the variety of agricultural settings to reduce dependency on synthetic herbicides, which should be investigated further in the field.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"84 ","pages":"43-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2525/ECB.53.43","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72543404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayana Ito, H. Shimizu, Ryosuke Hiroki, H. Nakashima, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi
{"title":"Quantitative Relationship of the Nutritional Quality of Spinach with Temperature and Duration in Root Area Chilling Treatment","authors":"Ayana Ito, H. Shimizu, Ryosuke Hiroki, H. Nakashima, J. Miyasaka, K. Ohdoi","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"85 1","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90012452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant factory basics and facts were reported by Takatsuji (1996). The majority of current cultivation methods in plant factories are floating system where the cultivation panels float on water in a container. The panels are removed from the harvesting side by hand, while the new panels are pushed on by hand from the planting side. At the moment, the work is basically done by workers inside the cultivation room. Therefore, it is necessary to solve hygiene issues such as bacteria prevention, and safety considerations for work on the upper shelves. Also, it is important to solve the problem as to how to reduce labor running costs (Now, 5 workers / 1,000 plants, 5,000 yen / day). Low cost artificial type plant factories with total system control were discussed by Takayanagi (2000). As one way to solve these problem areas such as hygiene, employee safety, and labor cost management, the automatic culture bed transportation system was fabricated and examined. The automation of plant factory operations was discussed by Ogura (2011). The automated cultivation transport system reported in this paper utilizes the transportation technology as a labor saving structure, intended to innovative and revolutionary closed plant factory systems. To achieve labor saving employee reduction and safety for nutrient film technique (NFT) multistage cultivation, the system requires automated culture bed loading from the planting side, automated unloading from the harvesting side, and automated transportation for moving forward to erase the unused spaces. When the system is in use, the only employees work is to set the culture beds on the warehouse entrance plate for planting. Thus, this system was designed to keep employees safe from working in high-places and to reduce the labor cost of transportation from the planting entrance to the harvest room. Also, hygiene management can be improved and maintained because employee entrance into the cultivation room is limited. The adopted conveyor equipment in this system has the latest network and control system that can communicate the cultivation shelves operation conditions in real time. Operation instructions and status confirmations such as continuous automated delivery, and trouble detection can be remotely controlled from a centralized location, because the position of the cultivation shelves can be managed. These methods combined are considered to offer labor savings benefits. From the above items, significant running cost reductions can be achieved, and operating a mass production plant factory becomes feasible.
{"title":"Automation in Plant Factory with Labor-saving Conveyance System","authors":"Minoru Tokimasa, Y. Nishiura","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.101","url":null,"abstract":"Plant factory basics and facts were reported by Takatsuji (1996). The majority of current cultivation methods in plant factories are floating system where the cultivation panels float on water in a container. The panels are removed from the harvesting side by hand, while the new panels are pushed on by hand from the planting side. At the moment, the work is basically done by workers inside the cultivation room. Therefore, it is necessary to solve hygiene issues such as bacteria prevention, and safety considerations for work on the upper shelves. Also, it is important to solve the problem as to how to reduce labor running costs (Now, 5 workers / 1,000 plants, 5,000 yen / day). Low cost artificial type plant factories with total system control were discussed by Takayanagi (2000). As one way to solve these problem areas such as hygiene, employee safety, and labor cost management, the automatic culture bed transportation system was fabricated and examined. The automation of plant factory operations was discussed by Ogura (2011). The automated cultivation transport system reported in this paper utilizes the transportation technology as a labor saving structure, intended to innovative and revolutionary closed plant factory systems. To achieve labor saving employee reduction and safety for nutrient film technique (NFT) multistage cultivation, the system requires automated culture bed loading from the planting side, automated unloading from the harvesting side, and automated transportation for moving forward to erase the unused spaces. When the system is in use, the only employees work is to set the culture beds on the warehouse entrance plate for planting. Thus, this system was designed to keep employees safe from working in high-places and to reduce the labor cost of transportation from the planting entrance to the harvest room. Also, hygiene management can be improved and maintained because employee entrance into the cultivation room is limited. The adopted conveyor equipment in this system has the latest network and control system that can communicate the cultivation shelves operation conditions in real time. Operation instructions and status confirmations such as continuous automated delivery, and trouble detection can be remotely controlled from a centralized location, because the position of the cultivation shelves can be managed. These methods combined are considered to offer labor savings benefits. From the above items, significant running cost reductions can be achieved, and operating a mass production plant factory becomes feasible.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"101-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73194919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. H. Rahman, S. Sabreen, M. Hara, M. Deurer, K. R. Islam
Compaction strongly influences soil physical properties such as bulk density, pore size and continuity, aeration, permeability, penetration resistance and soil water and temperature regime (Panayiotopoulos et al., 1994). Adverse effects of compaction on plant root growth and concomitant poor plant growth and yields have been well recognized (Barraclough and Weir, 1988), especially in fine textured soils (Gomez et al., 2002). Soil layers compacted due to machine traffic which is highly resistant to penetrate plant roots are one of the most common problems in agriculture. (Camargo and Alleoni, 1997). In addition to preventing root growth in the soil, high bulk density interferes with the movement and distribution of water in the profile, increasing the risk of erosion and low availability of water and nutrients to the plant. Uptake of nutrients by crops is of great importance to the farmer as well as to society as a whole since it has a major impact on the economic outcome of crop production. Furthermore, nutrient uptake has implication for environmental health by way of nutrient leaching and run-off into water bodies. Compaction affects nutrient availability and uptake through a number of mechanisms. Aeration negatively affects the availability of nitrogen, manganese and sulphur which are involved in redox reactions, and the growth and function of roots (Lipiec and Stepniewski, 1995). Transport of nutrients in the soil is decreased as compaction normally increases mass flow transport (Kemper et al., 1971) and the diffusion coefficient at a given gravimetric water content. Compaction increases root-to-soil contact, which may facilitate nutrient uptake (Veen et al., 1992), but generally reduces root growth through its effect on aeration and mechanical resistance. Considering that the mechanical methods used to eliminate compacted soil layers are expensive and energy consuming, an attractive alternative could be to use plants with vigorous roots to modify the compacted subsoil (Dexter, 1991). The use of plants with vigorous roots as a strategy in compacted soil management provides more uniform rupture of compacted layers than the common mechanical methods (Camargo and Alleoni, 1997). Compaction of the soil below the depth of tillage is referred to as subsoil compaction (Jorajuria et al., 1997).
压实会强烈影响土壤的物理特性，如体积密度、孔隙大小和连续性、通气性、渗透性、渗透阻力和土壤水分和温度状态(Panayiotopoulos等，1994)。压实对植物根系生长的不利影响以及随之而来的植物生长和产量下降已经得到充分认识(Barraclough和Weir, 1988)，特别是在细质土壤中(Gomez等，2002)。由于机器交通而压实的土层对植物根系的渗透具有很强的抵抗力，是农业中最常见的问题之一。(Camargo和Alleoni, 1997)。除了阻止根系在土壤中的生长外，高堆积密度还会干扰水分在剖面中的运动和分布，增加侵蚀的风险，降低植物获得水分和养分的机会。作物对养分的吸收对农民和整个社会都非常重要，因为它对作物生产的经济成果有重大影响。此外，养分吸收通过养分淋滤和径流进入水体对环境健康有影响。压实通过许多机制影响养分的有效性和吸收。曝气对参与氧化还原反应的氮、锰和硫的有效性以及根系的生长和功能产生负面影响(Lipiec和Stepniewski, 1995)。土壤中养分的输送减少，因为压实通常会增加质量流输送(Kemper et al.， 1971)和给定重量含水量下的扩散系数。压实增加了根与土壤的接触，这可能促进养分的吸收(Veen等人，1992)，但通常通过其对通气性和机械阻力的影响而减少根的生长。考虑到用于消除压实土层的机械方法既昂贵又耗能，一种有吸引力的替代方法可能是使用具有旺盛根系的植物来修饰压实的底土(Dexter, 1991)。在夯实土壤管理中，使用根系强健的植物作为策略，比常见的机械方法提供了更均匀的夯实层破裂(Camargo和Alleoni, 1997)。耕作深度以下土壤的压实称为底土压实(Jorajuria et al.， 1997)。
{"title":"Forage Legume Response to Subsoil Compaction","authors":"M. H. Rahman, S. Sabreen, M. Hara, M. Deurer, K. R. Islam","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.107","url":null,"abstract":"Compaction strongly influences soil physical properties such as bulk density, pore size and continuity, aeration, permeability, penetration resistance and soil water and temperature regime (Panayiotopoulos et al., 1994). Adverse effects of compaction on plant root growth and concomitant poor plant growth and yields have been well recognized (Barraclough and Weir, 1988), especially in fine textured soils (Gomez et al., 2002). Soil layers compacted due to machine traffic which is highly resistant to penetrate plant roots are one of the most common problems in agriculture. (Camargo and Alleoni, 1997). In addition to preventing root growth in the soil, high bulk density interferes with the movement and distribution of water in the profile, increasing the risk of erosion and low availability of water and nutrients to the plant. Uptake of nutrients by crops is of great importance to the farmer as well as to society as a whole since it has a major impact on the economic outcome of crop production. Furthermore, nutrient uptake has implication for environmental health by way of nutrient leaching and run-off into water bodies. Compaction affects nutrient availability and uptake through a number of mechanisms. Aeration negatively affects the availability of nitrogen, manganese and sulphur which are involved in redox reactions, and the growth and function of roots (Lipiec and Stepniewski, 1995). Transport of nutrients in the soil is decreased as compaction normally increases mass flow transport (Kemper et al., 1971) and the diffusion coefficient at a given gravimetric water content. Compaction increases root-to-soil contact, which may facilitate nutrient uptake (Veen et al., 1992), but generally reduces root growth through its effect on aeration and mechanical resistance. Considering that the mechanical methods used to eliminate compacted soil layers are expensive and energy consuming, an attractive alternative could be to use plants with vigorous roots to modify the compacted subsoil (Dexter, 1991). The use of plants with vigorous roots as a strategy in compacted soil management provides more uniform rupture of compacted layers than the common mechanical methods (Camargo and Alleoni, 1997). Compaction of the soil below the depth of tillage is referred to as subsoil compaction (Jorajuria et al., 1997).","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"5 1","pages":"107-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83313697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yusuke Watanabe, Yukie Ochi, H. Sugimoto, H. Kato‐Noguchi
{"title":"Weed Inhibitory Activity of Nomura's Jellyfish","authors":"Yusuke Watanabe, Yukie Ochi, H. Sugimoto, H. Kato‐Noguchi","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.165","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":"165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76131374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Falquet, A. Gfeller, Mickaël Pourcelot, F. Tschuy, J. Wirth
{"title":"Weed Suppression by Common Buckwheat: A Review","authors":"B. Falquet, A. Gfeller, Mickaël Pourcelot, F. Tschuy, J. Wirth","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"2004 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86238070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present a detailed study of differences in the fruit ripening stage on the vines and ethylene treatment in the red kiwifruit cultivar ‘Rainbow Red’ ( Actinidia chinensis ). We evaluated the fruit quality (core and flesh firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), and titratable acid (TA)); ethylene metabolism; and gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB at each stage. Fruits on the vines somewhat softened gradually. SSC increased, and core and flesh firmness as well as TA decreased gradually. However, rapid ethylene production was not observed, and gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB was at the basal level at each stage. While the fruit quality following ethylene conditioning, core and flesh firmness, and TA rapidly decreased, SSC and ethylene production rapidly increased. It was confirmed that gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB rapidly increased. These results suggested that the ripening of ‘Rainbow Red’ on the vines is not associated with ethylene.
{"title":"Fruit Ripening Process in Red Kiwifruit Cultivar ‘Rainbow Red’ (Actinidia chinensis) on Vines","authors":"S. Murakami, Y. Ikoma, M. Yano","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.159","url":null,"abstract":"We present a detailed study of differences in the fruit ripening stage on the vines and ethylene treatment in the red kiwifruit cultivar ‘Rainbow Red’ ( Actinidia chinensis ). We evaluated the fruit quality (core and flesh firmness, soluble solid content (SSC), and titratable acid (TA)); ethylene metabolism; and gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB at each stage. Fruits on the vines somewhat softened gradually. SSC increased, and core and flesh firmness as well as TA decreased gradually. However, rapid ethylene production was not observed, and gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB was at the basal level at each stage. While the fruit quality following ethylene conditioning, core and flesh firmness, and TA rapidly decreased, SSC and ethylene production rapidly increased. It was confirmed that gene expression of ACS1 , ACO3 , EIL4 , ERF14 , and PGB rapidly increased. These results suggested that the ripening of ‘Rainbow Red’ on the vines is not associated with ethylene.","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"146 1","pages":"159-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90995297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Japanese agriculture is beginning to decline, and it is not easy to reverse this trend. If our agricultural sector was a growing industry, we would not have the problem of land use changing from agriculture to other purposes. The main problem is that landowners get much more profit by using farmland for other purposes rather than for agriculture. We believe that several operation styles of “profitable agriculture” are needed to resolve this situation. One of the most effective actions that can be taken is to establish plant factories, which will provide efficiency through automation and the use of robots for each and every operation. In an intelligent greenhouse, manure and pesticides are managed effectively and zero emission is possible. This can triple the profit of the previous horticultural facilities, and it is estimated that the introduction of robot technology will yield further improvement. To quickly enhance the productivity of intelligent greenhouses, quality control (QC) is needed at agricultural production sites, along with the speaking plant approach (SPA) to monitor the growth conditions of plants and avoid diseased and underdeveloped plants. We are developing a multi-operation robot to eliminate the instability in environmental factors and the subsequent crop yield. This robot consists of the following units: growth information, pest detection, pest control, harvesting, and running units. The robot gathers and effectively links together information on the cultivation environment, growth diagnosis, cultivation management, fruit quality, and harvesting. There are two types of intelligent greenhouses: an artificial light one and solar light one. The artificial light type does not need pesticides because as it is able to control the light, humidity, and gas, which makes stable crop production possible in an enclosed and sterilized space. However, the initial setup cost and the running costs for this type of facility are high. The solar light type is less expensive because it uses natural light and a larger variety of crops can be cultivated. However, because it is not enclosed (the air temperature is controlled by ventilation), it is not possible to prevent pests from entering. The establishment of the positive list system has allowed the reduction of excess chemical pesticides in a solar-powered intelligent greenhouse, and the technology for pest control is being changed to integrated pest management (IPM), which makes it possible to steadily supply safe and reliable food. Therefore, the goal of this study was the construction of IMP technology for a solar-powered intelligent greenhouse. This paper discusses the early detection of pests and the growth condition of plants; early pest control based on this information; the development of a growth diagnosis method for pest control; the development of running, pest detection, and pest control units; and the results of the basic
{"title":"Development of Multi-Operation Robot for Productivity Enhancement of Intelligent Greenhouses: For Construction of Integrated Pest Management Technology for Intelligent Greenhouses","authors":"Yuko Ueka, S. Arima","doi":"10.2525/ECB.53.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2525/ECB.53.63","url":null,"abstract":"Japanese agriculture is beginning to decline, and it is not easy to reverse this trend. If our agricultural sector was a growing industry, we would not have the problem of land use changing from agriculture to other purposes. The main problem is that landowners get much more profit by using farmland for other purposes rather than for agriculture. We believe that several operation styles of “profitable agriculture” are needed to resolve this situation. One of the most effective actions that can be taken is to establish plant factories, which will provide efficiency through automation and the use of robots for each and every operation. In an intelligent greenhouse, manure and pesticides are managed effectively and zero emission is possible. This can triple the profit of the previous horticultural facilities, and it is estimated that the introduction of robot technology will yield further improvement. To quickly enhance the productivity of intelligent greenhouses, quality control (QC) is needed at agricultural production sites, along with the speaking plant approach (SPA) to monitor the growth conditions of plants and avoid diseased and underdeveloped plants. We are developing a multi-operation robot to eliminate the instability in environmental factors and the subsequent crop yield. This robot consists of the following units: growth information, pest detection, pest control, harvesting, and running units. The robot gathers and effectively links together information on the cultivation environment, growth diagnosis, cultivation management, fruit quality, and harvesting. There are two types of intelligent greenhouses: an artificial light one and solar light one. The artificial light type does not need pesticides because as it is able to control the light, humidity, and gas, which makes stable crop production possible in an enclosed and sterilized space. However, the initial setup cost and the running costs for this type of facility are high. The solar light type is less expensive because it uses natural light and a larger variety of crops can be cultivated. However, because it is not enclosed (the air temperature is controlled by ventilation), it is not possible to prevent pests from entering. The establishment of the positive list system has allowed the reduction of excess chemical pesticides in a solar-powered intelligent greenhouse, and the technology for pest control is being changed to integrated pest management (IPM), which makes it possible to steadily supply safe and reliable food. Therefore, the goal of this study was the construction of IMP technology for a solar-powered intelligent greenhouse. This paper discusses the early detection of pests and the growth condition of plants; early pest control based on this information; the development of a growth diagnosis method for pest control; the development of running, pest detection, and pest control units; and the results of the basic","PeriodicalId":11762,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Control in Biology","volume":"12 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79520333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：