The 2010 monsoon floods were perhaps the most devastating natural disaster in the country's history. With over 20 million people affected and one-fifth of the country under water, the government of Pakistan and the international humanitarian community themselves under tremendous pressure to orchestrate an effective responses. The challenging task of coordinating responses from numerous stakeholders and making effective policies was jointly done by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) as well as the UN-led humanitarian responses system. Being closely associated with this process, the author offers insights from a public policy perspective. In particular, the paper deals with stakeholder interests within the government and outside and presents dilemmas of prioritization and resource allocation. The paper is intended to be a policy brief for those interested in disaster response and more generally the subject of public policy.
{"title":"The Pakistan Floods 2010: Public Policy Lessons","authors":"A. Malik","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2053596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2053596","url":null,"abstract":"The 2010 monsoon floods were perhaps the most devastating natural disaster in the country's history. With over 20 million people affected and one-fifth of the country under water, the government of Pakistan and the international humanitarian community themselves under tremendous pressure to orchestrate an effective responses. The challenging task of coordinating responses from numerous stakeholders and making effective policies was jointly done by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) as well as the UN-led humanitarian responses system. Being closely associated with this process, the author offers insights from a public policy perspective. In particular, the paper deals with stakeholder interests within the government and outside and presents dilemmas of prioritization and resource allocation. The paper is intended to be a policy brief for those interested in disaster response and more generally the subject of public policy.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126155445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses Lorenz Curve and Gini Index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission and constructs Carbon Gini Index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis using Carbon Gini Index shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of income in the country with the biggest gap between rich and poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini Index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.
{"title":"How to Measure Carbon Equity: Carbon Gini Index Based on Historical Cumulative Emission Per Capita","authors":"Teng Fei, Jiankun He, Xunzhang Pan, Z. Chi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1809727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1809727","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses Lorenz Curve and Gini Index with adjustment to per capita historical cumulative emission and constructs Carbon Gini Index to measure inequality in climate change area. The analysis using Carbon Gini Index shows that 70% of carbon space in the atmosphere has been used for unequal distribution, which is almost the same as that of income in the country with the biggest gap between rich and poor in the world. The carbon equity should be an urgency and priority in the climate agenda. Carbon Gini Index established in this paper can be used to measure inequality in the distribution of carbon space and provide a quantified indicator for measurement of carbon equity among different proposals.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132066500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The interview study described in this chapter was performed in cooperation with two Nepalese non government organizations called Community Action Nepal (CAC Nepal) and Shakti Samuha. Informants wer ...
{"title":"Trafficking of Women and Girls from Nepal to India for Prostitution: What is Known About its History, Nurturing Factors, Health Effects and Prevention?","authors":"S. Joshi, K. Swahnberg","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2154417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2154417","url":null,"abstract":"The interview study described in this chapter was performed in cooperation with two Nepalese non government organizations called Community Action Nepal (CAC Nepal) and Shakti Samuha. Informants wer ...","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131290740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper uses the 1991 Indian trade liberalization to measure the impact of trade liberalization on poverty, and to examine the mechanisms underpinning this impact. Variation in sectoral composition across districts and liberalization intensity across production sectors allows a difference-in-difference approach. Rural districts, in which production sectors more exposed to liberalization were concentrated, experienced slower decline in poverty and lower consumption growth. The impact of liberalization was most pronounced among the least geographically mobile, at the bottom of the income distribution, and in Indian states where inflexible labor laws impeded factor reallocation across sectors.
{"title":"Factor Immobility and Regional Impacts of Trade Liberalization Evidence on Poverty from India","authors":"P. Topalova","doi":"10.1257/APP.2.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/APP.2.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses the 1991 Indian trade liberalization to measure the impact of trade liberalization on poverty, and to examine the mechanisms underpinning this impact. Variation in sectoral composition across districts and liberalization intensity across production sectors allows a difference-in-difference approach. Rural districts, in which production sectors more exposed to liberalization were concentrated, experienced slower decline in poverty and lower consumption growth. The impact of liberalization was most pronounced among the least geographically mobile, at the bottom of the income distribution, and in Indian states where inflexible labor laws impeded factor reallocation across sectors.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124606973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-08-30DOI: 10.1108/S1574-8715(2010)0000008034
Randall K. Q. Akee, A. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Melanie Khamis
Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surge in international attention. It appears that ethnic conflicts exacerbate the internal displacement of individuals from networks of family and community, and their access to economic and social safety nets. These same individuals are then vulnerable to being trafficked by the hopes of better economic prospects elsewhere. In this paper, we empirically examine this link between ethnic fragmentation, conflicts, internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees and international trafficking, making use of a novel dataset of international trafficking. We conduct a direct estimation, which highlights the ultimate impact of ethnic fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements.
{"title":"Ethnic Fragmentation, Conflict, Displaced Persons and Human Trafficking: An Empirical Analysis","authors":"Randall K. Q. Akee, A. Basu, Nancy H. Chau, Melanie Khamis","doi":"10.1108/S1574-8715(2010)0000008034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/S1574-8715(2010)0000008034","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic conflicts and their links to international human trafficking have recently received a surge in international attention. It appears that ethnic conflicts exacerbate the internal displacement of individuals from networks of family and community, and their access to economic and social safety nets. These same individuals are then vulnerable to being trafficked by the hopes of better economic prospects elsewhere. In this paper, we empirically examine this link between ethnic fragmentation, conflicts, internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees and international trafficking, making use of a novel dataset of international trafficking. We conduct a direct estimation, which highlights the ultimate impact of ethnic fragmentation and conflict on international trafficking through internal and international displacements.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131631356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a model where foreign aid bolsters a developing country's proactive counterterrorism efforts against a resident transnational terrorist group. In stage 1 of the game, the donor country allocates resources to terrorism-fighting tied aid, general assistance, and defensive actions at home. The recipient country then decides its proactive campaign against the common terrorist threat in stage 2, while the terrorists direct their attacks against the donor and recipient countries in stage 3. Terrorists' choices in the final stage provide a solid microfoundation for the terrorists' likelihood of success function. In stage 2, greater tied aid raises the recipient country's proactive measures and regime instability, while increased general aid reduces these proactive efforts and regime instability. In stage 1, a donor's homeland security decisions are interdependent with its aid package to a recipient country, hosting resident transnational terrorists. This interdependency and its implications have gone unrecognized to date. Copyright 2011 Oxford University Press 2010 All rights reserved, Oxford University Press.
{"title":"Foreign Aid as Counterterrorism Policy","authors":"S. Bandyopadhyay, T. Sandler, Javed Younas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1394515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1394515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model where foreign aid bolsters a developing country's proactive counterterrorism efforts against a resident transnational terrorist group. In stage 1 of the game, the donor country allocates resources to terrorism-fighting tied aid, general assistance, and defensive actions at home. The recipient country then decides its proactive campaign against the common terrorist threat in stage 2, while the terrorists direct their attacks against the donor and recipient countries in stage 3. Terrorists' choices in the final stage provide a solid microfoundation for the terrorists' likelihood of success function. In stage 2, greater tied aid raises the recipient country's proactive measures and regime instability, while increased general aid reduces these proactive efforts and regime instability. In stage 1, a donor's homeland security decisions are interdependent with its aid package to a recipient country, hosting resident transnational terrorists. This interdependency and its implications have gone unrecognized to date. Copyright 2011 Oxford University Press 2010 All rights reserved, Oxford University Press.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116786368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global monetary conditions are often cited as a driver of commodity prices. This paper investigates the empirical relationship between US monetary policy and commodity prices by means of a standard VAR system, commonly used in analysing the effects of monetary policy shocks. The results suggest that expansionary US monetary policy shocks drive up the broad commodity price index and all of its components. While these effects are significant, they do not, however, appear to be overwhelmingly large. This finding is confirmed under different identification strategies for the monetary policy shock.
{"title":"The Impact of Monetary Policy Shocks on Commodity Prices","authors":"Alessio Anzuini, Marco J. Lombardi, P. Pagano","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2030797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2030797","url":null,"abstract":"Global monetary conditions are often cited as a driver of commodity prices. This paper investigates the empirical relationship between US monetary policy and commodity prices by means of a standard VAR system, commonly used in analysing the effects of monetary policy shocks. The results suggest that expansionary US monetary policy shocks drive up the broad commodity price index and all of its components. While these effects are significant, they do not, however, appear to be overwhelmingly large. This finding is confirmed under different identification strategies for the monetary policy shock.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132388560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contains a selection and review of the 25 most influential papers on the subject of “Financial Markets and Terror” using Hoepner, A. G. F. & McMillan, D. G. (2009) 'Influential Literature Analysis: A systematic review approach to the synthesis of voluminous research areas.'
{"title":"Review of the Available Literature on the Subject of 'Financial Markets and Terrorism,' Listing of the 25 Most Influential Papers","authors":"Kevin L. Meyer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1567033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1567033","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains a selection and review of the 25 most influential papers on the subject of “Financial Markets and Terror” using Hoepner, A. G. F. & McMillan, D. G. (2009) 'Influential Literature Analysis: A systematic review approach to the synthesis of voluminous research areas.'","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122961860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-01DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00792.x
K. Fujiwara, Norimichi Matsueda
By analyzing a strategic interaction between environmentally-concerned governments, we examine how the competition mode of international polluting oligopoly is determined. We show that a resulting form of competition depends on the magnitudes of marginal damage costs and cross-border spillover as well as on the degrees of similarities in these environment-related parameters.
{"title":"*Effects of Transboundary Pollution on the Mode of International Trade of a Polluting Good","authors":"K. Fujiwara, Norimichi Matsueda","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00792.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2008.00792.x","url":null,"abstract":"By analyzing a strategic interaction between environmentally-concerned governments, we examine how the competition mode of international polluting oligopoly is determined. We show that a resulting form of competition depends on the magnitudes of marginal damage costs and cross-border spillover as well as on the degrees of similarities in these environment-related parameters.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127135189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA) is charged with monitoring, examining, and ensuring the compliance of notified RTAs. We develop a comprehensive dataset covering 290 regional economic integration agreements and ask whether oversight and examination by the WTO has fostered successful RTAs. The data reveal that almost half (43%) of all agreements in existence (up to 2005) are neither notified nor accounted for in the RTA database published by the WTO. Using variation in the notification status of an RTA we are able to determine whether oversight of notified RTAs has fostered higher levels of intra-regional trade. Surprisingly, we find that non-notified RTAs are significantly outperforming their notified counterparts despite the fact that notified RTAs are subject to conformity reviews and compliance standards enshrined in GATT Article XXIV. The ex post results suggest that oversight by the WTO may actually impede the effectiveness of regional integration. However, further robustness checks reveal that RTAs that entered into force after 1995, marking the establishment of the WTO and a formal committee (the CRTA) to oversee RTAs, are doing a much better job of stimulating members’ trade relative to non-notified agreements. The results thus identify strategies to make regional trade agreements more effective going forward.
{"title":"Does the World Trade Organization Foster Successful Regional Trade Agreements?","authors":"Jason H. Grant, Christopher F. Parmeter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1523272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1523272","url":null,"abstract":"The World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Committee on Regional Trade Agreements (CRTA) is charged with monitoring, examining, and ensuring the compliance of notified RTAs. We develop a comprehensive dataset covering 290 regional economic integration agreements and ask whether oversight and examination by the WTO has fostered successful RTAs. The data reveal that almost half (43%) of all agreements in existence (up to 2005) are neither notified nor accounted for in the RTA database published by the WTO. Using variation in the notification status of an RTA we are able to determine whether oversight of notified RTAs has fostered higher levels of intra-regional trade. Surprisingly, we find that non-notified RTAs are significantly outperforming their notified counterparts despite the fact that notified RTAs are subject to conformity reviews and compliance standards enshrined in GATT Article XXIV. The ex post results suggest that oversight by the WTO may actually impede the effectiveness of regional integration. However, further robustness checks reveal that RTAs that entered into force after 1995, marking the establishment of the WTO and a formal committee (the CRTA) to oversee RTAs, are doing a much better job of stimulating members’ trade relative to non-notified agreements. The results thus identify strategies to make regional trade agreements more effective going forward.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115903357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：