Information about collectively-created problems, such as air pollution, may elicit voluntary changes to consumer behavior that at least partially offset the cause of the problem. We show that increases in information about climate change are associated with statistically and economically significant decreases in expenditure on gasoline, controlling for gasoline prices and income. We simultaneously provide updated estimates of the short run price and income elasticities of demand for gasoline in the US, utilizing recent weekly gasoline consumption and price data and spatially-delineated supply side disruptions due to hurricanes as an instrument for price.
{"title":"Doing My Part to Save the Global Commons? Environmental Awareness and Voluntary Fuel Economization in Gasoline Markets","authors":"P. McLaughlin, Bentley Coffey","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1368933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1368933","url":null,"abstract":"Information about collectively-created problems, such as air pollution, may elicit voluntary changes to consumer behavior that at least partially offset the cause of the problem. We show that increases in information about climate change are associated with statistically and economically significant decreases in expenditure on gasoline, controlling for gasoline prices and income. We simultaneously provide updated estimates of the short run price and income elasticities of demand for gasoline in the US, utilizing recent weekly gasoline consumption and price data and spatially-delineated supply side disruptions due to hurricanes as an instrument for price.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129981954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The basic concept of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is that both the developed and developing countries benefit from this mechanism. Contributing two objectives; sustainable development to developing countries and emission reduction credit to developed countries, CDM is also expected to contribute to the developing countries’ national development goals. In addition, CDM has potential to support “technological leapfrogging” for the developing countries to bypass the inefficient technological choices, adopted by the developed countries during their industrial period (Philbert, 2004). Hence beyond its primary objectives, CDM is considered as a Technology Transfer (TT) tool to boost technology transfer and diffusion between the developed and developing countries. However, with the increase in the number of CDM projects in developing countries, there are increasing concerns on the geographic distribution of CDM projects (e.g. Nelwamondo 2008, Dechezlepretre et al. 2008) , the benefits between the countries (Ellis et al. 2007), and the perceived lack of technology transfer within the CDM (Nelwamondo 2008). This paper begins with description of the CDM as a TT tool with some contemporary scenarios in present CDM projects and analyses some factors affecting TT among different developing countries. Some issues as sustainability and distributive issues of the CDM projects are also dealt to find whether there are some gaps or limitations in present CDM scenario with respect to the technology transfer. Finally the paper tends to make some conclusions and recommendations for improving the technology performance of the CDM projects.
This study has used mainly the UNEP Risoe Center CDM Pipeline database and some literatures as the main information sources. Since searching data from the Project Design Documents (PDDs) would be time consuming, and also the required data for the analysis were already synthesized in some literatures as Coninck et al. 2007, Dechezlepretre et al. 2007 and Dechezlepretre et al. 2008; the analyzed data are used for the study of the section – CDM as a technology transfer tool. For the sections – factors affecting technology transfer and emerging concept in CDM, literature review was conducted to arrive to the conclusion.
清洁发展机制(CDM)的基本概念是发达国家和发展中国家都受益于这一机制。贡献两个目标;发展中国家的可持续发展和发达国家的减排信贷，清洁发展机制也有望为发展中国家的国家发展目标做出贡献。此外，清洁发展机制有可能支持发展中国家的“技术跨越式发展”，以绕过发达国家在其工业化时期采用的低效技术选择(Philbert, 2004)。因此，在其主要目标之外，清洁发展机制被视为促进发达国家和发展中国家之间技术转让和扩散的技术转让工具。然而，随着发展中国家清洁发展机制项目数量的增加，人们越来越关注清洁发展机制项目的地理分布(例如，Nelwamondo 2008, Dechezlepretre et al. 2008)，国家之间的利益(Ellis et al. 2007)，以及清洁发展机制内部缺乏技术转让(Nelwamondo 2008)。本文首先介绍了清洁发展机制作为一种技术转移工具，并结合当前清洁发展机制项目的一些情景，分析了影响不同发展中国家间技术转移的一些因素。还讨论了清洁发展机制项目的可持续性和分配问题等问题，以确定目前的清洁发展机制方案在技术转让方面是否存在一些差距或限制。最后，本文试图对提高CDM项目的技术绩效提出一些结论和建议。本研究主要使用了联合国环境署Risoe中心CDM管道数据库和一些文献作为主要信息来源。由于从项目设计文件(pdd)中检索数据非常耗时，而且分析所需的数据已经在一些文献中得到了综合，如Coninck et al. 2007, Dechezlepretre et al. 2007和Dechezlepretre et al. 2008;所分析的数据将用于分段清洁发展机制作为技术转移工具的研究。对CDM中影响技术转移的因素和新兴概念两部分进行了文献综述，得出结论。
{"title":"Technology Transfer in Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): A Survey","authors":"S. Khanal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3681775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3681775","url":null,"abstract":"The basic concept of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is that both the developed and developing countries benefit from this mechanism. Contributing two objectives; sustainable development to developing countries and emission reduction credit to developed countries, CDM is also expected to contribute to the developing countries’ national development goals. In addition, CDM has potential to support “technological leapfrogging” for the developing countries to bypass the inefficient technological choices, adopted by the developed countries during their industrial period (Philbert, 2004). Hence beyond its primary objectives, CDM is considered as a Technology Transfer (TT) tool to boost technology transfer and diffusion between the developed and developing countries. However, with the increase in the number of CDM projects in developing countries, there are increasing concerns on the geographic distribution of CDM projects (e.g. Nelwamondo 2008, Dechezlepretre et al. 2008) , the benefits between the countries (Ellis et al. 2007), and the perceived lack of technology transfer within the CDM (Nelwamondo 2008). This paper begins with description of the CDM as a TT tool with some contemporary scenarios in present CDM projects and analyses some factors affecting TT among different developing countries. Some issues as sustainability and distributive issues of the CDM projects are also dealt to find whether there are some gaps or limitations in present CDM scenario with respect to the technology transfer. Finally the paper tends to make some conclusions and recommendations for improving the technology performance of the CDM projects.<br><br>This study has used mainly the UNEP Risoe Center CDM Pipeline database and some literatures as the main information sources. Since searching data from the Project Design Documents (PDDs) would be time consuming, and also the required data for the analysis were already synthesized in some literatures as Coninck et al. 2007, Dechezlepretre et al. 2007 and Dechezlepretre et al. 2008; the analyzed data are used for the study of the section – CDM as a technology transfer tool. For the sections – factors affecting technology transfer and emerging concept in CDM, literature review was conducted to arrive to the conclusion.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116301346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the last two decades or so, there has been a democratic turn in peace and conflict research, i.e. the peculiar impact of democratic politics on a wide range of security issues has attracted more and more attention. Many of these studies are inspired by Immanuel Kant's famous essay on Perpetual Peace. In this article, we present a critical discussion of the democratic distinctiveness programme that emerged from the Democratic Peace debate and soon spread to cover, among other issues, institutionalized cooperation, trade relations, and arms control. As our review makes clear, research so far has been based on an overly naive reading of a Kantian peace. In particular, the manifold forms of violence that democracies have exerted, have been treated either as a challenge to the Democratic Peace proposition or as an undemocratic contaminant and pre-democratic relict. In contrast, we argue that forms of democratic violence should no longer be kept at arm's length from the democratic distinctiveness programme but instead should be elevated to a main field of study. While we acknowledge the benefits of this expanding research programme, we also address a number of normative pitfalls implied in this scholarship such as lending legitimacy to highly questionable foreign policy practices by Western democracies. We conclude with suggestions for a somewhat more self-reflective and critical research agenda of a democratically turned peace and conflict studies. IR research in this field might benefit from drawing on the Frankfurt school tradition and from incorporating insights from democratic theory and empirical studies on the crisis of democracy.
{"title":"From Democratic Peace to Democratic Distinctiveness: A Critique of Democratic Exceptionalism in Peace and Conflict Studies","authors":"A. Geis, W. Wagner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1313700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1313700","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last two decades or so, there has been a democratic turn in peace and conflict research, i.e. the peculiar impact of democratic politics on a wide range of security issues has attracted more and more attention. Many of these studies are inspired by Immanuel Kant's famous essay on Perpetual Peace. In this article, we present a critical discussion of the democratic distinctiveness programme that emerged from the Democratic Peace debate and soon spread to cover, among other issues, institutionalized cooperation, trade relations, and arms control. As our review makes clear, research so far has been based on an overly naive reading of a Kantian peace. In particular, the manifold forms of violence that democracies have exerted, have been treated either as a challenge to the Democratic Peace proposition or as an undemocratic contaminant and pre-democratic relict. In contrast, we argue that forms of democratic violence should no longer be kept at arm's length from the democratic distinctiveness programme but instead should be elevated to a main field of study. While we acknowledge the benefits of this expanding research programme, we also address a number of normative pitfalls implied in this scholarship such as lending legitimacy to highly questionable foreign policy practices by Western democracies. We conclude with suggestions for a somewhat more self-reflective and critical research agenda of a democratically turned peace and conflict studies. IR research in this field might benefit from drawing on the Frankfurt school tradition and from incorporating insights from democratic theory and empirical studies on the crisis of democracy.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123878459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is growing awareness that the distribution of IMF facilities may not be influenced only by the economic needs of the borrowers. This paper focuses on the fact that the IMF may favour geopolitically important countries in the distribution of IMF loans, differentiating between concessional and nonconcessional facilities. To carry out the empirical analysis, we construct a new database that compiles proxies for geopolitical importance for 107 IMF countries over 1990–2003, focusing on emerging and developing economies. We use a factor analysis to capture the common underlying characteristic of countries' geopolitical importance as well as a potential analysis since we also want to account for the geographical situation of the loan recipients. While controlling for economic and political determinants, our results show that geopolitical factors influence notably lending decisions when loans are nonconcessional, whereas results are less robust and in opposite direction for concessional loans. This study provides empirical support to the view that geopolitical considerations are an important factor in shaping IMF lending decisions, potentially affecting the institution's effectiveness and credibility. JEL Classification: F33, H77, O19
{"title":"IMF Lending and Geopolitics","authors":"J. Reynaud, Julien Vauday","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1292331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1292331","url":null,"abstract":"There is growing awareness that the distribution of IMF facilities may not be influenced only by the economic needs of the borrowers. This paper focuses on the fact that the IMF may favour geopolitically important countries in the distribution of IMF loans, differentiating between concessional and nonconcessional facilities. To carry out the empirical analysis, we construct a new database that compiles proxies for geopolitical importance for 107 IMF countries over 1990–2003, focusing on emerging and developing economies. We use a factor analysis to capture the common underlying characteristic of countries' geopolitical importance as well as a potential analysis since we also want to account for the geographical situation of the loan recipients. While controlling for economic and political determinants, our results show that geopolitical factors influence notably lending decisions when loans are nonconcessional, whereas results are less robust and in opposite direction for concessional loans. This study provides empirical support to the view that geopolitical considerations are an important factor in shaping IMF lending decisions, potentially affecting the institution's effectiveness and credibility. JEL Classification: F33, H77, O19","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128837945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several studies found ancillary benefits of environmental policy to be of considerable size. These additional private benefits imply not only higher cooperative but also noncooperative abatement targets. However, beyond these largely undisputed important quantitative effects, there are qualitative and strategic implications associated with ancillary benefits: climate policy is no longer a pure but an impure public good. In this paper, we investigate these implications in a setting of non-cooperative coalition formation. In particular, we address the following questions. 1) Do ancillary benefits increase participation in international environmental agreements? 2) Do ancillary benefits raise the success of these treaties in welfare terms?
{"title":"Coalition Formation and the Ancillary Benefits of Climate Policy","authors":"Michael Finus, D. Rübbelke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1259699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1259699","url":null,"abstract":"Several studies found ancillary benefits of environmental policy to be of considerable size. These additional private benefits imply not only higher cooperative but also noncooperative abatement targets. However, beyond these largely undisputed important quantitative effects, there are qualitative and strategic implications associated with ancillary benefits: climate policy is no longer a pure but an impure public good. In this paper, we investigate these implications in a setting of non-cooperative coalition formation. In particular, we address the following questions. 1) Do ancillary benefits increase participation in international environmental agreements? 2) Do ancillary benefits raise the success of these treaties in welfare terms?","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125681742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-04-11DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9485.2008.00468.x
Thanah Le
This paper empirically investigates whether labour mobility can transfer technology across borders based on the panel cointegration method. Estimates of specifications on a cross-section of 19 OECD countries during 1980-1990 lend strong support to this thesis. Data indicate that international labour movement may help transfer technology across borders in both directions: from donor countries to host countries and vice versa. This suggests that migration may more likely create a brain circulation rather than a brain drain. In addition, human capital has a significant impact on the research and development (R&D) diffusion process as it enhances a country's capacity to learn from a foreign technology base.
{"title":"Brain Drain or Brain Circulation: Evidence from OECD's International Migration and R&D Spillovers","authors":"Thanah Le","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9485.2008.00468.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.2008.00468.x","url":null,"abstract":"This paper empirically investigates whether labour mobility can transfer technology across borders based on the panel cointegration method. Estimates of specifications on a cross-section of 19 OECD countries during 1980-1990 lend strong support to this thesis. Data indicate that international labour movement may help transfer technology across borders in both directions: from donor countries to host countries and vice versa. This suggests that migration may more likely create a brain circulation rather than a brain drain. In addition, human capital has a significant impact on the research and development (R&D) diffusion process as it enhances a country's capacity to learn from a foreign technology base.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117231973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study we use data on subjective well being and migration of family members in Cuenca, one of Ecuador's largest cities, to examine the impact of migration on the happiness of the family left behind. While a cursory examination of the data suggests that the heads of households that have experienced the migration of one or more family members are less happy, a more careful analysis reveals otherwise. Households that have been impacted by migration express equal levels of happiness as those households that have not been affected by migration. One plausible explanation for our finding is that the remittances that households receive following the migration of loved ones counteract the downsides to family emigration. Introduction International migration can be motivated by a number of factors. Some migrate in order to escape dire poverty. Others go into exile in search of religious or political freedoms. Some move to invest in education, others to join relatives abroad, and still others in pursuit of adventure and new opportunities. While a great deal of research has analyzed the short-run and long-run outcomes for those who move to new areas (e.g. Borjas, 2002; Chiswick, 2002; Smith, 2003; Card, 2005), in this paper we turn our focus to the family left behind. In particular, we consider whether international migration of one or more family members serves to increase or decrease the level of "happiness" of household members who remain in the home community. Understanding how migration affects migrants and their families is of considerable interest given that migration will likely touch increasing numbers of individuals in the world. First, according to demographic information, the incidence of migration has been rising. In 1970, about 2.2 percent of the world's population lived in a country other than their country of birth. In contrast, by 2005, the foreign born accounted for 3 percent of the world's population. (2) Second, emigration impacts more than those moving to another country. Legal, cultural, and monetary barriers to migration often make it difficult for whole families to migrate. The incidence of migration-impacted households can therefore easily change with public policy which ultimately accentuates family separations and dislocations. For example, Massey (2006) has noted that increased enforcement at the US/Mexico border--implemented to stem illegal immigration--has had the unintended effect of extending the stay of unauthorized immigrants who would normally periodically return home. Longer stays by unauthorized immigrant are likely to lead to longer-lasting and permanent family separations. A third reason for expecting migration to touch larger portions of the world population stems from policy shifts in immigration legislation toward preferences for skilled labor migration at the expense of family reunification. If legislation continues to be developed along these lines, it follows that a larger circle of individuals will
{"title":"And What About the Family Back Home? International Migration and Happiness","authors":"Fernando Borraz, Susan Pozo, Máximo Rossi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1155108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1155108","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study we use data on subjective well being and migration of family members in Cuenca, one of Ecuador's largest cities, to examine the impact of migration on the happiness of the family left behind. While a cursory examination of the data suggests that the heads of households that have experienced the migration of one or more family members are less happy, a more careful analysis reveals otherwise. Households that have been impacted by migration express equal levels of happiness as those households that have not been affected by migration. One plausible explanation for our finding is that the remittances that households receive following the migration of loved ones counteract the downsides to family emigration. Introduction International migration can be motivated by a number of factors. Some migrate in order to escape dire poverty. Others go into exile in search of religious or political freedoms. Some move to invest in education, others to join relatives abroad, and still others in pursuit of adventure and new opportunities. While a great deal of research has analyzed the short-run and long-run outcomes for those who move to new areas (e.g. Borjas, 2002; Chiswick, 2002; Smith, 2003; Card, 2005), in this paper we turn our focus to the family left behind. In particular, we consider whether international migration of one or more family members serves to increase or decrease the level of \"happiness\" of household members who remain in the home community. Understanding how migration affects migrants and their families is of considerable interest given that migration will likely touch increasing numbers of individuals in the world. First, according to demographic information, the incidence of migration has been rising. In 1970, about 2.2 percent of the world's population lived in a country other than their country of birth. In contrast, by 2005, the foreign born accounted for 3 percent of the world's population. (2) Second, emigration impacts more than those moving to another country. Legal, cultural, and monetary barriers to migration often make it difficult for whole families to migrate. The incidence of migration-impacted households can therefore easily change with public policy which ultimately accentuates family separations and dislocations. For example, Massey (2006) has noted that increased enforcement at the US/Mexico border--implemented to stem illegal immigration--has had the unintended effect of extending the stay of unauthorized immigrants who would normally periodically return home. Longer stays by unauthorized immigrant are likely to lead to longer-lasting and permanent family separations. A third reason for expecting migration to touch larger portions of the world population stems from policy shifts in immigration legislation toward preferences for skilled labor migration at the expense of family reunification. If legislation continues to be developed along these lines, it follows that a larger circle of individuals will","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This dissertation has been made within a PhD program at the University of Seville, Department of Applied Economics and Economic History, aiming at the Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA); an intermediate degree prior to the doctorate. This work is an attempt to compile and shape the fledgling discipline of heritage with regard to the remains of the industrial civilization. So far the industrial heritage has been approached from the archeology, the architecture, the history and/or the art; however, its study from the point of view of economics is rather scarce. To a large extent, this endeavour is based on the knowledge of The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) who plays a major role as a source of knowledge and authoritative practices in heritage. An economic interpretation of heritage is underlying all along the dissertation. This study is an advance enquiry into the discipline and is composed of three main chapters. Firstly, it approaches cultural economics as a new discipline, the role of the industrial culture as a heritage and the potentialities of heritage from a cultural point of view; then, it is explained the nature, characteristics, delimitation and role of heritage within cultural economics. Secondly, it is made an analytical approach to heritage, particularly cultural built heritage (CBH), from the point of view of economics; the economic impact of conservation and the different methods of heritage valuation are explained. Thirdly, it is presented the legal protection of heritage; from the particular case of the autonomous region of Andalusia (Spain) to the international sphere: inter-governmental organizations such as The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Council of Europe (CoE). The work is a theoretical an analytical approach to the industrial heritage based on a literature review and state-of-the-art knowledge and practice. Also, it draws on a number of cases all around Europe to shed light on the preservationist movement and the public presentation of heritage (museums).
这篇论文是在塞维利亚大学应用经济学和经济史系的博士课程中完成的，旨在获得DEA (Diploma de Estudios Avanzados);博士学位在博士学位之前的中级学位这项工作是试图汇编和塑造关于工业文明遗迹的新兴遗产学科。到目前为止，工业遗产已经从考古，建筑，历史和/或艺术;然而，从经济学的角度对其进行研究却相当匮乏。在很大程度上，这一努力是以国际古迹遗址理事会(ICOMOS)的知识为基础的，该理事会作为遗产知识和权威实践的来源发挥着重要作用。对遗产的经济解释贯穿了整篇论文。本研究是对该学科的深入研究，由三个主要章节组成。首先，从文化的角度探讨作为一门新学科的文化经济学、工业文化作为遗产的作用和遗产的潜力;接着，阐述了文化经济学中遗产的性质、特征、界定和作用。其次，从经济学的角度对遗产，特别是文化建筑遗产(CBH)进行了分析;本文解释了文物保护的经济影响和不同的文物估价方法。第三，提出了遗产的法律保护;从安达卢西亚自治区(西班牙)的特殊情况到国际领域:政府间组织，如联合国教育、科学及文化组织(教科文组织)和欧洲委员会(CoE)。这项工作是基于文献综述和最先进的知识和实践对工业遗产的理论和分析方法。此外，它还借鉴了欧洲各地的一些案例，以阐明保护主义运动和遗产(博物馆)的公开展示。
{"title":"Cultural Economics and Industrial Heritage","authors":"M. Muriel","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1982215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1982215","url":null,"abstract":"This dissertation has been made within a PhD program at the University of Seville, Department of Applied Economics and Economic History, aiming at the Diploma de Estudios Avanzados (DEA); an intermediate degree prior to the doctorate. This work is an attempt to compile and shape the fledgling discipline of heritage with regard to the remains of the industrial civilization. So far the industrial heritage has been approached from the archeology, the architecture, the history and/or the art; however, its study from the point of view of economics is rather scarce. To a large extent, this endeavour is based on the knowledge of The International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) who plays a major role as a source of knowledge and authoritative practices in heritage. An economic interpretation of heritage is underlying all along the dissertation. This study is an advance enquiry into the discipline and is composed of three main chapters. Firstly, it approaches cultural economics as a new discipline, the role of the industrial culture as a heritage and the potentialities of heritage from a cultural point of view; then, it is explained the nature, characteristics, delimitation and role of heritage within cultural economics. Secondly, it is made an analytical approach to heritage, particularly cultural built heritage (CBH), from the point of view of economics; the economic impact of conservation and the different methods of heritage valuation are explained. Thirdly, it is presented the legal protection of heritage; from the particular case of the autonomous region of Andalusia (Spain) to the international sphere: inter-governmental organizations such as The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Council of Europe (CoE). The work is a theoretical an analytical approach to the industrial heritage based on a literature review and state-of-the-art knowledge and practice. Also, it draws on a number of cases all around Europe to shed light on the preservationist movement and the public presentation of heritage (museums).","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114458475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we summarize the motivations for enacting the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) and provide a brief description of its provisions. We then turn to the controversy over TRIA's extension. Multiple views over the role of government in terrorism insurance have been expressed in both the academic and the popular literatures. Even the federal government is divided concerning the efficacy of TRIA. We cull what lessons we can from the debate and its many points of view. We conclude that TRIA has served a useful purpose as a temporary stopgap measure, allowing the industry much needed time to regroup in the face of a dramatically altered risk landscape.
{"title":"Transitions in Terrorism Insurance: The Debate Over Tria","authors":"A. Layne-Farrar, Daniel D. Garcia-Swartz","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.943772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.943772","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we summarize the motivations for enacting the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) and provide a brief description of its provisions. We then turn to the controversy over TRIA's extension. Multiple views over the role of government in terrorism insurance have been expressed in both the academic and the popular literatures. Even the federal government is divided concerning the efficacy of TRIA. We cull what lessons we can from the debate and its many points of view. We conclude that TRIA has served a useful purpose as a temporary stopgap measure, allowing the industry much needed time to regroup in the face of a dramatically altered risk landscape.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114671207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With Resolution 1638 (2005), the UN Security Council requested the peacekeeping mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to apprehend and detain former President Charles Taylor in the event of his return to Liberia, and to transfer him to the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). This new task assigned to a UN peacekeeping mission is a significant departure from previous practice. Although there are a few precedents of military troops acting within the framework of UN missions which have been authorized to arrest war criminals, the conferral of an explicit and clear mandate constitutes a welcome novelty. This resolution is indicative of the trend emerging in the UN Security Council`s practice to combat impunity by enhancing the rule of law and promoting international criminal justice; in particular, it is notable because it evinces the Security Council`s willingness to strengthen cooperation with international criminal tribunals. The examination of the precedents (UNOSOM II: Second United Nations Operation in Somalia and IFOR/SFOR, the NATO-led multinational force deployed in Bosnia-Herzegovina) is useful for the discussion of legal issues raised by Resolution 1638. The task of arresting a war criminal can easily be reconciled with the non-coercive nature of UN peacekeeping operations, provided that the consent of all parties involved is secured. Interestingly, UNMIL troops are not only authorized but also obliged to implement Resolution 1638.After completion of this article, on 29 March 2006, Taylor was arrested while trying to flee Nigeria. He was put on a jet bound for Liberia, where at the airport he was taken into custody by UNMIL peacekeepers and flown by UN helicopter to the SCSL detention facilities at Freetown, Sierra Leone.
{"title":"A Turning Point in International Efforts to Apprehend War Criminals: The Un Mandates Taylor's Arrest in Liberia","authors":"M. Frulli","doi":"10.1093/JICJ/MQL013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JICJ/MQL013","url":null,"abstract":"With Resolution 1638 (2005), the UN Security Council requested the peacekeeping mission in Liberia (UNMIL) to apprehend and detain former President Charles Taylor in the event of his return to Liberia, and to transfer him to the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). This new task assigned to a UN peacekeeping mission is a significant departure from previous practice. Although there are a few precedents of military troops acting within the framework of UN missions which have been authorized to arrest war criminals, the conferral of an explicit and clear mandate constitutes a welcome novelty. This resolution is indicative of the trend emerging in the UN Security Council`s practice to combat impunity by enhancing the rule of law and promoting international criminal justice; in particular, it is notable because it evinces the Security Council`s willingness to strengthen cooperation with international criminal tribunals. The examination of the precedents (UNOSOM II: Second United Nations Operation in Somalia and IFOR/SFOR, the NATO-led multinational force deployed in Bosnia-Herzegovina) is useful for the discussion of legal issues raised by Resolution 1638. The task of arresting a war criminal can easily be reconciled with the non-coercive nature of UN peacekeeping operations, provided that the consent of all parties involved is secured. Interestingly, UNMIL troops are not only authorized but also obliged to implement Resolution 1638.After completion of this article, on 29 March 2006, Taylor was arrested while trying to flee Nigeria. He was put on a jet bound for Liberia, where at the airport he was taken into custody by UNMIL peacekeepers and flown by UN helicopter to the SCSL detention facilities at Freetown, Sierra Leone.","PeriodicalId":118088,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: International Affairs Issues (Topic)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134394773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：