Processing of by-products (ash, slag) from power generation by sintering in shaft furnace seems to be one of the most valuables options for treatment of such residues. In this article, the requirements for an efficient process are described and their influence on effectiveness of the sintering is presented. Influence of temperature and combustion speed was investigated more deeply.
{"title":"Processing of Residues from Power Generation into Sintered Aggregate: Process Requirements","authors":"M. Nabożny, J. Nocoń, Z. Woźniacki, J. Pasierb","doi":"10.1080/009083190523262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190523262","url":null,"abstract":"Processing of by-products (ash, slag) from power generation by sintering in shaft furnace seems to be one of the most valuables options for treatment of such residues. In this article, the requirements for an efficient process are described and their influence on effectiveness of the sintering is presented. Influence of temperature and combustion speed was investigated more deeply.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74170440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is presented to discuss general combustion and emissions issues with biomass co-firing, as well as specific issues with particular biomass fuels, such as fouling. The tests of co-firing were carried out in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Biomass is an attractive and sustainable renewable fuel to supplement coal combustion in utility boilers. Coal and biomass fuels are quite different in composition. Ash composition for the biomass is fundamentally different from ash composition for coal. Chlorine in the biomass may affect operation by corrosion. Ash deposits reduce heat transfer and may also result in severe corrosion at high temperatures. Biomass and coal blend combustion is a promising combustion technology; however, significant development work is required before large-scale implementation can be realized. Coal co-firing was successful with up to a 20% biomass mix boilers. Issues related to successful implementation of coal biomass blend combustion are identified. Co-firing of coal and biomass is an effective method of control NO x . Formation of NO x decreases with the increase of biomass fraction. This study focuses on five of the critical fireside issues associated with co-firing: ash deposition, SO 2 emission, NO x formation, corrosion, and carbon burnout.
{"title":"Biomass Co-Firing for Boilers Associated with Environmental Impacts","authors":"A. Demirbaş","doi":"10.1080/009083190523217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190523217","url":null,"abstract":"This article is presented to discuss general combustion and emissions issues with biomass co-firing, as well as specific issues with particular biomass fuels, such as fouling. The tests of co-firing were carried out in a lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed combustor. Biomass is an attractive and sustainable renewable fuel to supplement coal combustion in utility boilers. Coal and biomass fuels are quite different in composition. Ash composition for the biomass is fundamentally different from ash composition for coal. Chlorine in the biomass may affect operation by corrosion. Ash deposits reduce heat transfer and may also result in severe corrosion at high temperatures. Biomass and coal blend combustion is a promising combustion technology; however, significant development work is required before large-scale implementation can be realized. Coal co-firing was successful with up to a 20% biomass mix boilers. Issues related to successful implementation of coal biomass blend combustion are identified. Co-firing of coal and biomass is an effective method of control NO x . Formation of NO x decreases with the increase of biomass fraction. This study focuses on five of the critical fireside issues associated with co-firing: ash deposition, SO 2 emission, NO x formation, corrosion, and carbon burnout.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78919678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A batch pilot-scale biogas reactor was fabricated using 3 mm mild steel. It was a horizontal, cylindrical digester measuring 58 cm (diameter) by 106 cm (length) of total volume 0.28 m 3 . This package facility was easy to install and operate, consisting of several components that can be assembled and put to use much like a do-it-yourself kit. During a forty-day anaerobic digestion of four types of agricultural wastes (poultry droppings, cow dung, corn stalk and mixed substrate), the biogas production from each waste was determined using the water displacement method via batch operation. 38.49 kg (wet weight) of substrate mixed with water in the ratio of 1:1 was used as feed. The results showed that the average daily gas production from poultry droppings, 137.16 liters, was the highest, while corn stalk produced the least, 16.38 liters. Laboratory analysis showed that the biogas produced contained 60% methane while carbon dioxide and other trace gases made up the balance of 40%. The gas produced burnt well in a Bunsen burner with a blue flame. The gas production was good and is a practical indicator of the performance of the digester. A maximum reactor pressure of 1.34 bars was recorded for a period of seven days of no gas harvest when poultry droppings were used as substrate, indicating that biogas production in a reactor is a relatively low-pressure operation.
{"title":"An Evaluation of a Batch Pilot-Scale Digester for Gas Production from Agricultural Wastes","authors":"A. Anozie, S. K. Layokun, C. U. Okeke","doi":"10.1080/009083190519023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190519023","url":null,"abstract":"A batch pilot-scale biogas reactor was fabricated using 3 mm mild steel. It was a horizontal, cylindrical digester measuring 58 cm (diameter) by 106 cm (length) of total volume 0.28 m 3 . This package facility was easy to install and operate, consisting of several components that can be assembled and put to use much like a do-it-yourself kit. During a forty-day anaerobic digestion of four types of agricultural wastes (poultry droppings, cow dung, corn stalk and mixed substrate), the biogas production from each waste was determined using the water displacement method via batch operation. 38.49 kg (wet weight) of substrate mixed with water in the ratio of 1:1 was used as feed. The results showed that the average daily gas production from poultry droppings, 137.16 liters, was the highest, while corn stalk produced the least, 16.38 liters. Laboratory analysis showed that the biogas produced contained 60% methane while carbon dioxide and other trace gases made up the balance of 40%. The gas produced burnt well in a Bunsen burner with a blue flame. The gas production was good and is a practical indicator of the performance of the digester. A maximum reactor pressure of 1.34 bars was recorded for a period of seven days of no gas harvest when poultry droppings were used as substrate, indicating that biogas production in a reactor is a relatively low-pressure operation.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79931884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aqueous liquefaction of biomass samples was carried out in an autoclave in the reaction temperature range of 550–650 K. In this study, the maximum liquid yield (49%) was obtained from the spruce wood powder at 650 K. It is clear that the yield of liquid products increase with increasing liquefaction temperature for each biomass sample. In general, composition of liquefaction products depends on structural composition of the sample. The yield of water soluble fraction increases with increasing lignin content of the biomass sample, and the highest water soluble fraction (WSF) yield was obtained for hazelnut shell at liquefaction temperature around 650 K, which was about 21%. The yield of heavy oil generally decreases with increasing lignin content of the biomass sample, and the highest heavy oil yield was obtained for beech wood at liquefaction temperature around 650 K, which was about 28%. The yield of acetone insoluble fraction (residue) decreases with increasing liquefaction temperature for all of runs.
{"title":"Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Liquid Products in the Aqueous Medium","authors":"A. Demirbaş","doi":"10.1080/009083190519357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190519357","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous liquefaction of biomass samples was carried out in an autoclave in the reaction temperature range of 550–650 K. In this study, the maximum liquid yield (49%) was obtained from the spruce wood powder at 650 K. It is clear that the yield of liquid products increase with increasing liquefaction temperature for each biomass sample. In general, composition of liquefaction products depends on structural composition of the sample. The yield of water soluble fraction increases with increasing lignin content of the biomass sample, and the highest water soluble fraction (WSF) yield was obtained for hazelnut shell at liquefaction temperature around 650 K, which was about 21%. The yield of heavy oil generally decreases with increasing lignin content of the biomass sample, and the highest heavy oil yield was obtained for beech wood at liquefaction temperature around 650 K, which was about 28%. The yield of acetone insoluble fraction (residue) decreases with increasing liquefaction temperature for all of runs.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84526514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An advection-dispersion equation (ADE) describes contaminant transport in porous media. An ADE can cover equilibrium phenomena of interest, which includes sorption, decay, and chemical reactions. Among these phenomena, sorption mechanism is described by several types of sorption isotherm. If sorption isotherm is linear, the solution of the ADE can be easily obtained. However, if sorption isotherm is non-linear, like Langmuir model or non-linear Freundlich molel, the coefficients of resultant differential equation become non-linear. In this case, there is no analytic solution. Dual reactive domain model (DRDM) is a combined model of linear and Langmuir models, so it can cover linear and non-linear characteristics of sorption behavior. In this article, we present numerical analyses of ADE using a DRDM. The simulation results reveal that even if sorption data may be fitted well using linear or non-linear isotherms, the characteristics of contaminant transport by applying the two are quite different from each other. To be concrete, the retardation effect of linear isotherm is different from that of the DRDM. As the non-linearity of sorption isotherm increases, the difference of retardation effects of the two cases becomes large. Even if we use a DRDM to simulate contaminant transport, which shows a linear or non-linear sorption behavior, we can get pretty similar simulation results. Although the transport of contaminant is very sensitive to sorption models used, using a DRDM can reduce the uncertainty due to the selection of sorption model. Therefore, we recommend a DRDM as a sorption model to more accurately describe the transport of contaminant.
{"title":"Numerical Analyses on Contaminant Transport Using a Dual Reactive Domain Model","authors":"D. Jeong, J. Choe","doi":"10.1080/009083190519285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/009083190519285","url":null,"abstract":"An advection-dispersion equation (ADE) describes contaminant transport in porous media. An ADE can cover equilibrium phenomena of interest, which includes sorption, decay, and chemical reactions. Among these phenomena, sorption mechanism is described by several types of sorption isotherm. If sorption isotherm is linear, the solution of the ADE can be easily obtained. However, if sorption isotherm is non-linear, like Langmuir model or non-linear Freundlich molel, the coefficients of resultant differential equation become non-linear. In this case, there is no analytic solution. Dual reactive domain model (DRDM) is a combined model of linear and Langmuir models, so it can cover linear and non-linear characteristics of sorption behavior. In this article, we present numerical analyses of ADE using a DRDM. The simulation results reveal that even if sorption data may be fitted well using linear or non-linear isotherms, the characteristics of contaminant transport by applying the two are quite different from each other. To be concrete, the retardation effect of linear isotherm is different from that of the DRDM. As the non-linearity of sorption isotherm increases, the difference of retardation effects of the two cases becomes large. Even if we use a DRDM to simulate contaminant transport, which shows a linear or non-linear sorption behavior, we can get pretty similar simulation results. Although the transport of contaminant is very sensitive to sorption models used, using a DRDM can reduce the uncertainty due to the selection of sorption model. Therefore, we recommend a DRDM as a sorption model to more accurately describe the transport of contaminant.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88044915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479556
A. Sözen, M. Akcayol
Theoretical thermodynamic analysis of the absorption thermal systems is too complex because of analytic functions calculating the thermodynamic properties of fluid couples involving the solution of complex differential equations and simulations programs. This article proposes a new approach to performance analysis of solar driven ejector-absorption refrigeration system (EARS) operated aqua/ammonia. Use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been proposed to re-determine the performance parameters, as a function of only working temperatures, at different working conditions. Thus, this study is considered to be helpful in predicting the performance of an EARS prior to its setting up in an environment where the temperatures are known. The statistical coefficient of multiple determinations (R 2 -value) equals to 0.976, 0.9825, 0.9855 for the coefficient of performance (COP), exergetic coefficient of performance (ECOP) and circulation ratio (F), respectively. These accuracy degrees are acceptable in design of EARS. The present method greatly reduces the time required by design engineers to find optimum solution, and in many cases, reaches a solution that could not be easily obtained from simple modeling programs. The importance of the ANN approach, apart from reducing the whole time required, is that it is possible to find solutions that make solar energy applications more viable, and thus more attractive to potential users such as the solar engineer. Also, this approach has the advantages of computational speed, low cost for feasibility, and rapid turnaround, which is especially important during iterative design phases, and ease of design by operators with little technical experience.
{"title":"Reformulation, as a Function of Only Working Temperatures, of Performance Parameters of a Solar Driven Ejector-Absorption Cycle Using Artificial Neural Networks","authors":"A. Sözen, M. Akcayol","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479556","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical thermodynamic analysis of the absorption thermal systems is too complex because of analytic functions calculating the thermodynamic properties of fluid couples involving the solution of complex differential equations and simulations programs. This article proposes a new approach to performance analysis of solar driven ejector-absorption refrigeration system (EARS) operated aqua/ammonia. Use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) has been proposed to re-determine the performance parameters, as a function of only working temperatures, at different working conditions. Thus, this study is considered to be helpful in predicting the performance of an EARS prior to its setting up in an environment where the temperatures are known. The statistical coefficient of multiple determinations (R 2 -value) equals to 0.976, 0.9825, 0.9855 for the coefficient of performance (COP), exergetic coefficient of performance (ECOP) and circulation ratio (F), respectively. These accuracy degrees are acceptable in design of EARS. The present method greatly reduces the time required by design engineers to find optimum solution, and in many cases, reaches a solution that could not be easily obtained from simple modeling programs. The importance of the ANN approach, apart from reducing the whole time required, is that it is possible to find solutions that make solar energy applications more viable, and thus more attractive to potential users such as the solar engineer. Also, this approach has the advantages of computational speed, low cost for feasibility, and rapid turnaround, which is especially important during iterative design phases, and ease of design by operators with little technical experience.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91407246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490449289
N. E. Agun, Emine Yagmur, E. Simsek, T. Toḡrul
Three Turkish coals, a Zonguldak coal and Tunçbilek and Beypazari lignites were used to examine the effect of solvent swelling pretreatment on the solubilization and dissolution behavior. Methanol, THF (tetrahydrofuran) and TBAH (tetrabutylammonium hydroxide) were used as swelling agents. For the investigation of dissolution behavior of coals, the microwave heating period was changed from 10 to 30 min at 5 min intervals. While solvent pretreatment enhanced the THF solubles yields for the Zonguldak coal, solvent treatment decreased the THF solubles yields for the Tunçbilek and Beypazari lignites. The data obtained in this study indicated that the formation mechanism of AS (asphaltenes), PAS (preasphaltenes) and oils depend on the coal and swelling agent type.
{"title":"The Effect of Swelling Pretreatment on the Coal Liquefaction in Tetralin with Microwave Energy","authors":"N. E. Agun, Emine Yagmur, E. Simsek, T. Toḡrul","doi":"10.1080/00908310490449289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490449289","url":null,"abstract":"Three Turkish coals, a Zonguldak coal and Tunçbilek and Beypazari lignites were used to examine the effect of solvent swelling pretreatment on the solubilization and dissolution behavior. Methanol, THF (tetrahydrofuran) and TBAH (tetrabutylammonium hydroxide) were used as swelling agents. For the investigation of dissolution behavior of coals, the microwave heating period was changed from 10 to 30 min at 5 min intervals. While solvent pretreatment enhanced the THF solubles yields for the Zonguldak coal, solvent treatment decreased the THF solubles yields for the Tunçbilek and Beypazari lignites. The data obtained in this study indicated that the formation mechanism of AS (asphaltenes), PAS (preasphaltenes) and oils depend on the coal and swelling agent type.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90907636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479574
M. Gondal, A. Hameed, Z. Yamani
The photocatalytic activity of WO 3 semiconductor powder for water splitting into H 2 and O 2 was studied. Instead of conventional broad spectrum light sources like lamps, monochromatic laser radiations in the UV region (γ = 355 nm) were used as the light source for the study of photocatalytic water splitting over WO 3 . An alternate route based upon the photo-chromic properties of WO 3 for the production of hydrogen was suggested. The effect of dissolved metal ions on H 2 and O 2 yield in the presence of various metal ions was also investigated. The effect of the hole-capture agent on H 2 and O 2 yield was also studied by using methanol as a hole-capture agent. The data on pH measurements during the course of reaction was found very useful in explaining the reaction mechanism in general, and metal ions action in particular.
{"title":"Laser Induced Photocatalytic Splitting of Water Over WO3 Catalyst","authors":"M. Gondal, A. Hameed, Z. Yamani","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479574","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic activity of WO 3 semiconductor powder for water splitting into H 2 and O 2 was studied. Instead of conventional broad spectrum light sources like lamps, monochromatic laser radiations in the UV region (γ = 355 nm) were used as the light source for the study of photocatalytic water splitting over WO 3 . An alternate route based upon the photo-chromic properties of WO 3 for the production of hydrogen was suggested. The effect of dissolved metal ions on H 2 and O 2 yield in the presence of various metal ions was also investigated. The effect of the hole-capture agent on H 2 and O 2 yield was also studied by using methanol as a hole-capture agent. The data on pH measurements during the course of reaction was found very useful in explaining the reaction mechanism in general, and metal ions action in particular.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78220513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479583
A. Celi̇k, A. Demirbaş
The aim for this research is to study inexpensive and effective metal ion adsorbents from biomass sources of modified lignin to offer these adsorbents as replacements for existing commercial materials. The initial concentrations were increased up to 12.7 ppm for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Zn 2+ in order to reach the plateau values which represent saturation of the active points which are available for interaction with metal ions on the lignin samples. The maximum adsorption capacities are 11.3, 17.5, and 7.7 mg per g of the lignin for Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cd 2+ , respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity is higher than 20 mg per g of the lignin for Cu 2+ ion. The maximum adsorption percentage is 96.7 for Pb 2+ for 4 h at 330 K and is 95.0 for Zn 2+ for 10 h at 290 K. The adsorption of all heavy metal ions first increases with pH and almost reaches a plateau value around 4.0 for Cu 2+ , 4.5 for Zn 2+ , 5.0 for Pb 2+ . High adsorption at higher pH values implies that metal ions interact with lignin by ion exchange.
{"title":"Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions via Adsorption onto Modified Lignin from Pulping Wastes","authors":"A. Celi̇k, A. Demirbaş","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479583","url":null,"abstract":"The aim for this research is to study inexpensive and effective metal ion adsorbents from biomass sources of modified lignin to offer these adsorbents as replacements for existing commercial materials. The initial concentrations were increased up to 12.7 ppm for Pb 2+ , Cd 2+ , and Zn 2+ in order to reach the plateau values which represent saturation of the active points which are available for interaction with metal ions on the lignin samples. The maximum adsorption capacities are 11.3, 17.5, and 7.7 mg per g of the lignin for Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ , and Cd 2+ , respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity is higher than 20 mg per g of the lignin for Cu 2+ ion. The maximum adsorption percentage is 96.7 for Pb 2+ for 4 h at 330 K and is 95.0 for Zn 2+ for 10 h at 290 K. The adsorption of all heavy metal ions first increases with pH and almost reaches a plateau value around 4.0 for Cu 2+ , 4.5 for Zn 2+ , 5.0 for Pb 2+ . High adsorption at higher pH values implies that metal ions interact with lignin by ion exchange.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86694612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-09-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479547
P. Antoniadis, E. Mavridou, T. Gentzis
This study is about the coal petrography of the lignite deposit of Notio Pedio (Southern field) in the central part of the Ptolemaida Basin. The sediments in the basin are mainly Neogene in age, surrounded by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks. Fourteen samples, taken from a representative corehole, were analyzed for maceral composition. Huminite macerals are dominant (69.0–91.9%), with humotelinite present in high concentrations (40.1–48.6%). In those samples that originated from the lower lignite beds, humotelinite content decreases to 16.3–34.6%. Humodetrinite ranges from 20.3–66.0% and is particularly abundant in the lower beds. Liptinite and inertinite macerals are present in small quantities. Based on the indices GWI, VI, GI, and TPI that are indicative of nutrient supply, groundwater level, preservation of plant tissue material and wetness, it was concluded that the paleoenvironment that hosted the peat deposit was mainly limnic and intensely rheotrophic.
{"title":"The Notio Pedio (Southern Field) Lignite Deposit in the Ptolemaida Basin, Greece: Depositional Conditions as Revealed through Petrography","authors":"P. Antoniadis, E. Mavridou, T. Gentzis","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479547","url":null,"abstract":"This study is about the coal petrography of the lignite deposit of Notio Pedio (Southern field) in the central part of the Ptolemaida Basin. The sediments in the basin are mainly Neogene in age, surrounded by Palaeozoic and Mesozoic rocks. Fourteen samples, taken from a representative corehole, were analyzed for maceral composition. Huminite macerals are dominant (69.0–91.9%), with humotelinite present in high concentrations (40.1–48.6%). In those samples that originated from the lower lignite beds, humotelinite content decreases to 16.3–34.6%. Humodetrinite ranges from 20.3–66.0% and is particularly abundant in the lower beds. Liptinite and inertinite macerals are present in small quantities. Based on the indices GWI, VI, GI, and TPI that are indicative of nutrient supply, groundwater level, preservation of plant tissue material and wetness, it was concluded that the paleoenvironment that hosted the peat deposit was mainly limnic and intensely rheotrophic.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85811153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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