Pub Date : 2005-08-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479538
S. Shedid, M. Ghannam
Much attention has been devoted to the study of the improved oil recovery (IOR) method(s). However it still remains a challenge to evaluate the reservoir wettability quantitatively using actual core samples. Contact angle is considered as one of the most common methods to measure the preferential affinity of reservoir rocks. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the influences of droplet volume, brine salinity, liquid saturating rocks, oil acid number, and temperature on rock wettability of carbonate reservoir rock using sessile droplet method. Sixteen runs are undertaken using oil droplet volumes of 10, 15, 20, and 25 milliliters with different brine salinities of zero, 50,000, 100,000, and 150,000 ppm of NaCl, respectively, to study the effects of droplet volume and salinity on contact angle. Three runs using three different crude oils having acid numbers of 0.374, 0.561, and 0.986 mg KOH/gm samples are performed to investigate the influence of acid number on contact angle. Three runs are carried out using brine, crude oil and polymer solutions to study the effect of type of liquid saturating rock on contact angle. Finally two runs are used to study the effect of temperature on contact angle. In all experiments, actual rock and crude oil samples are used. The results indicated that there is a specific droplet volume attained at critical water salinity. This critical water salinity is defined to be the salinity at which the oil droplet volume has no effect on contact angle. The rock wettability increases (contact angle decreases) before the critical salinity and increases after it, depending upon the droplet volume. The attained results indicated that the liquid saturating rock has an important role on measured values of contact angle. The results showed that the increase of acid number of the crude oil decreases the contact angle. Therefore, carbonate oil reservoirs containing oils of low acid number are expected to be more oil-wet than ones containing oils of higher acid number. The increase of temperature and bath liquid viscosity reduced the measured contact angle. The results of this study developed a new concept of critical salinity and provided a better understanding of some factors affecting wettability measurements using contact angle technique.
{"title":"Influences of Droplet Volume on Contact Angle of Reservoir Rocks","authors":"S. Shedid, M. Ghannam","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479538","url":null,"abstract":"Much attention has been devoted to the study of the improved oil recovery (IOR) method(s). However it still remains a challenge to evaluate the reservoir wettability quantitatively using actual core samples. Contact angle is considered as one of the most common methods to measure the preferential affinity of reservoir rocks. The main objectives of this study are to investigate the influences of droplet volume, brine salinity, liquid saturating rocks, oil acid number, and temperature on rock wettability of carbonate reservoir rock using sessile droplet method. Sixteen runs are undertaken using oil droplet volumes of 10, 15, 20, and 25 milliliters with different brine salinities of zero, 50,000, 100,000, and 150,000 ppm of NaCl, respectively, to study the effects of droplet volume and salinity on contact angle. Three runs using three different crude oils having acid numbers of 0.374, 0.561, and 0.986 mg KOH/gm samples are performed to investigate the influence of acid number on contact angle. Three runs are carried out using brine, crude oil and polymer solutions to study the effect of type of liquid saturating rock on contact angle. Finally two runs are used to study the effect of temperature on contact angle. In all experiments, actual rock and crude oil samples are used. The results indicated that there is a specific droplet volume attained at critical water salinity. This critical water salinity is defined to be the salinity at which the oil droplet volume has no effect on contact angle. The rock wettability increases (contact angle decreases) before the critical salinity and increases after it, depending upon the droplet volume. The attained results indicated that the liquid saturating rock has an important role on measured values of contact angle. The results showed that the increase of acid number of the crude oil decreases the contact angle. Therefore, carbonate oil reservoirs containing oils of low acid number are expected to be more oil-wet than ones containing oils of higher acid number. The increase of temperature and bath liquid viscosity reduced the measured contact angle. The results of this study developed a new concept of critical salinity and provided a better understanding of some factors affecting wettability measurements using contact angle technique.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90626101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490450953
Yang Jie, Zhao Yu, Li Zongshi, Qiao Weihong, Cheng Lvbo
Three pure mid-position phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate isomers were synthesized. The capabilities for lowering the interfacial tension of three isomers were different, the sequence being 7-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate > 5-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate > 3-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate. The effects of minimum dynamic interfacial tension in alkane/aqueous system as a function of alkalinity of three isomers were also different. The discrepancy was elucidated from the view of the structures against an imaginary interfacial molecular arrangement model. Moreover, the interfacial tension behavior against crude oil proved that the capability for lowering interfacial tension was governed by the essential difference in structure and would not be altered with the oil phase.
{"title":"Interfacial Tension Behavior of Mono-Isomeric Phenyltetradecane Sulfonates","authors":"Yang Jie, Zhao Yu, Li Zongshi, Qiao Weihong, Cheng Lvbo","doi":"10.1080/00908310490450953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490450953","url":null,"abstract":"Three pure mid-position phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate isomers were synthesized. The capabilities for lowering the interfacial tension of three isomers were different, the sequence being 7-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate > 5-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate > 3-phenyltetradecane sodium sulfonate. The effects of minimum dynamic interfacial tension in alkane/aqueous system as a function of alkalinity of three isomers were also different. The discrepancy was elucidated from the view of the structures against an imaginary interfacial molecular arrangement model. Moreover, the interfacial tension behavior against crude oil proved that the capability for lowering interfacial tension was governed by the essential difference in structure and would not be altered with the oil phase.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74501653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-08-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479123
F. Tomás-Alonso
This article completes the study of the regenerable desulphurization methods of the flue gases in the IGCC plants, reviewing the dry processes. These are the most energy efficient in order to recover the SO 2 obtained in the regeneration of the mixed oxide sorbents. Therefore, the energy savings are as high as possible. Five processes were analyzed: spray-drying, activated carbon, catalytic oxidation, metallic oxides and DSRP method. The catalytic oxidation of SO 2 seems to be the most attractive option because of its process economy, technical simplicity and negligible environmental impact.
{"title":"A New Perspective about Recovering SO2 Offgas in Coal Power Plants: Energy Saving. Part II. Regenerable Dry Methods","authors":"F. Tomás-Alonso","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479123","url":null,"abstract":"This article completes the study of the regenerable desulphurization methods of the flue gases in the IGCC plants, reviewing the dry processes. These are the most energy efficient in order to recover the SO 2 obtained in the regeneration of the mixed oxide sorbents. Therefore, the energy savings are as high as possible. Five processes were analyzed: spray-drying, activated carbon, catalytic oxidation, metallic oxides and DSRP method. The catalytic oxidation of SO 2 seems to be the most attractive option because of its process economy, technical simplicity and negligible environmental impact.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90932593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490450926
C. Hatiboglu, U. Karaaslan, S. Akin
Spontaneous imbibition is important in oil recovery from fractured and low permeability tight gas reservoirs. Gas-water spontaneous imbibition experiments were conducted using low permeability heterogeneous limestone core plugs. The interfacial tension was changed by adding differing amounts of alcohol to water. It was observed that the true residual saturation of gas is very small for all cases. A much larger pseudo-residual saturation was achieved early in the imbibition stage but gas continued to be produced at extremely low rates until the true saturation was reached. The gas-water spontaneous imbibition performance was modeled using a mathematical model where the porous medium is represented as a bundle of equal but tortuous capillary tubes. Input data for this model was obtained from serial thin sections using a state of the art image processing system and a computerized microscope. The gaps between the thin sections were constructed using geostatistical techniques. It was observed that the model successfully explained the imbibition process in samples where pores with varying circularity were present. Average number of pore throats meeting at one pore in the pore skeleton (coordination number) was less than six for all cases.
{"title":"Spontaneous Imbibition in Low Permeability Carbonates","authors":"C. Hatiboglu, U. Karaaslan, S. Akin","doi":"10.1080/00908310490450926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490450926","url":null,"abstract":"Spontaneous imbibition is important in oil recovery from fractured and low permeability tight gas reservoirs. Gas-water spontaneous imbibition experiments were conducted using low permeability heterogeneous limestone core plugs. The interfacial tension was changed by adding differing amounts of alcohol to water. It was observed that the true residual saturation of gas is very small for all cases. A much larger pseudo-residual saturation was achieved early in the imbibition stage but gas continued to be produced at extremely low rates until the true saturation was reached. The gas-water spontaneous imbibition performance was modeled using a mathematical model where the porous medium is represented as a bundle of equal but tortuous capillary tubes. Input data for this model was obtained from serial thin sections using a state of the art image processing system and a computerized microscope. The gaps between the thin sections were constructed using geostatistical techniques. It was observed that the model successfully explained the imbibition process in samples where pores with varying circularity were present. Average number of pore throats meeting at one pore in the pore skeleton (coordination number) was less than six for all cases.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88355043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310590963971
W. P. Krebs
A method and apparatus to conduct O2/CO2 combustion or oxygen-enriched combustion. The boiler exhaust gas passes through a Gas Primer Sector (GPS) combined with the boiler to effect heat transfer to the combustion gas in indirect counter-flow heat exchange. Sharply reduced gas flows result from using largely moisture-free CO2 as diluent for O2 in the combustion gas which allows long residence time at low velocity for maximum heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the combustion gas. Most particulate drops out and most moisture is condensed from the cooled mostly CO2 exhaust gas. The larger portion is blended with oxygen for the combustion gas and reheated and returned to the boiler through the integrated GPS; the smaller portion is cleaned and separated, the CO2 released or recovered. The complete exhaust gas-combustion gas cycle may be 30 to 90 seconds and preferably about 60 seconds. The high heat capacity of CO2 allows a much higher oxygen content in the combustion gas compared to open-cycle air combustion with a large nitrogen content of lower heat capacity. Efficiency is increased. Final exhaust gas separation and recovery is simplified. Condensate is processed to boiler feedwater or portable water quality. NO x is eliminated, mercury fume captured and CO2 output reduced.
{"title":"Letter to the Editor: On the Economic Utilization of Oil Shale","authors":"W. P. Krebs","doi":"10.1080/00908310590963971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310590963971","url":null,"abstract":"A method and apparatus to conduct O2/CO2 combustion or oxygen-enriched combustion. The boiler exhaust gas passes through a Gas Primer Sector (GPS) combined with the boiler to effect heat transfer to the combustion gas in indirect counter-flow heat exchange. Sharply reduced gas flows result from using largely moisture-free CO2 as diluent for O2 in the combustion gas which allows long residence time at low velocity for maximum heat transfer from the exhaust gas to the combustion gas. Most particulate drops out and most moisture is condensed from the cooled mostly CO2 exhaust gas. The larger portion is blended with oxygen for the combustion gas and reheated and returned to the boiler through the integrated GPS; the smaller portion is cleaned and separated, the CO2 released or recovered. The complete exhaust gas-combustion gas cycle may be 30 to 90 seconds and preferably about 60 seconds. The high heat capacity of CO2 allows a much higher oxygen content in the combustion gas compared to open-cycle air combustion with a large nitrogen content of lower heat capacity. Efficiency is increased. Final exhaust gas separation and recovery is simplified. Condensate is processed to boiler feedwater or portable water quality. NO x is eliminated, mercury fume captured and CO2 output reduced.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85681477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490450647
A. Genç, Murat Erisoglu, A. Pekgor, G. Oturanç, A. Hepbasli, K. Ulgen
The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential using the two Weibull parameters of the wind speed distribution function, the shape parameter k (dimensionless) and the scale parameter c (m/s). In this regard, a methodology that uses three various techniques (maximum likelihood, least squares, and method of moments) for estimating the Weibull parameters was given first. The methodology was then applied to a region in Turkey. Finally, the parameter techniques were compared to Monte-Carlo simulation in different sample sizes, and the best parameter estimation techniques belonging to the sample sizes were also determined.
{"title":"Estimation of Wind Power Potential Using Weibull Distribution","authors":"A. Genç, Murat Erisoglu, A. Pekgor, G. Oturanç, A. Hepbasli, K. Ulgen","doi":"10.1080/00908310490450647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490450647","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential using the two Weibull parameters of the wind speed distribution function, the shape parameter k (dimensionless) and the scale parameter c (m/s). In this regard, a methodology that uses three various techniques (maximum likelihood, least squares, and method of moments) for estimating the Weibull parameters was given first. The methodology was then applied to a region in Turkey. Finally, the parameter techniques were compared to Monte-Carlo simulation in different sample sizes, and the best parameter estimation techniques belonging to the sample sizes were also determined.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85663682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490449063
A. Demirbaş
Abstract Cogeneration (COGEN) is defined as the combined production of two forms of energy (electric or mechanical power plus useful thermal energy) in one technological process. The COGEN is considered worldwide as the major option to achieve considerable energy saving with respect to traditional systems. The heat produced from the electricity generating process is captured and utilized to produce domestic purposes and can be used in steam turbines to generate additional electricity. Facilities with COGEN systems use them to produce their own high and low level steam. Currently, advanced biomass gasification and gas turbine combined cycle has been found to be a promising cogenerative conversion technology for the recovery of heat present in biomass fuel. Increased biofuel based cogenerative power production in the future is clearly dependent on the improvement of both performance and investment costs of new high performance technology, and on the nature of policy instruments designed to promote the technology.
{"title":"New Opportunities Resulting from Cogeneration Systems Based on Biomass Gasification","authors":"A. Demirbaş","doi":"10.1080/00908310490449063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490449063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Cogeneration (COGEN) is defined as the combined production of two forms of energy (electric or mechanical power plus useful thermal energy) in one technological process. The COGEN is considered worldwide as the major option to achieve considerable energy saving with respect to traditional systems. The heat produced from the electricity generating process is captured and utilized to produce domestic purposes and can be used in steam turbines to generate additional electricity. Facilities with COGEN systems use them to produce their own high and low level steam. Currently, advanced biomass gasification and gas turbine combined cycle has been found to be a promising cogenerative conversion technology for the recovery of heat present in biomass fuel. Increased biofuel based cogenerative power production in the future is clearly dependent on the improvement of both performance and investment costs of new high performance technology, and on the nature of policy instruments designed to promote the technology.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82949996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490450476
Z. Abdel-Rehim
Alloy materials are suggested as storing media to realize the optimum performance of the thermal energy storage system. The storage capacity and thermal energy stored inside the suggested storing media are obtained through a transient one-dimensional mathematical model for the present system. The finite difference method and Thomas algorithm solver are used to solve the present model. A cylindrical tank is filled with the suggested storing media to form beds as heat absorbers. The bed is thermally charged with hot air flowing axially through the storing media, then the heat exchange occurs between the hot air and the storing media. The suggested alloy materials (M al ) are alumgsi, duralumin, brass, al-bronze, wrought iron, carbon steel and cast iron, as metallic-alloys. Solutions are obtained for the storing media properties (ρ, C p and K). Energy stored comparison is done between the suggested storing media, rock and porcelain. The results show that increasing either the density, ρ, or specific heat, C p , increases the storage capacity and energy stored for the system. On the other hand, increasing of thermal conductivity, K, is found to markedly increase the energy stored inside the bed up to a certain time during charging, beyond which this trend completely reverses. The highest amount of energy stored inside the suggested storing media are arranged as M al6 > M al5 > M al4 > M al3 > M al7 > M al2 > M al1 > rock > porcelain.
{"title":"Theoretical Analysis of Alloys as Thermal Storage Media","authors":"Z. Abdel-Rehim","doi":"10.1080/00908310490450476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490450476","url":null,"abstract":"Alloy materials are suggested as storing media to realize the optimum performance of the thermal energy storage system. The storage capacity and thermal energy stored inside the suggested storing media are obtained through a transient one-dimensional mathematical model for the present system. The finite difference method and Thomas algorithm solver are used to solve the present model. A cylindrical tank is filled with the suggested storing media to form beds as heat absorbers. The bed is thermally charged with hot air flowing axially through the storing media, then the heat exchange occurs between the hot air and the storing media. The suggested alloy materials (M al ) are alumgsi, duralumin, brass, al-bronze, wrought iron, carbon steel and cast iron, as metallic-alloys. Solutions are obtained for the storing media properties (ρ, C p and K). Energy stored comparison is done between the suggested storing media, rock and porcelain. The results show that increasing either the density, ρ, or specific heat, C p , increases the storage capacity and energy stored for the system. On the other hand, increasing of thermal conductivity, K, is found to markedly increase the energy stored inside the bed up to a certain time during charging, beyond which this trend completely reverses. The highest amount of energy stored inside the suggested storing media are arranged as M al6 > M al5 > M al4 > M al3 > M al7 > M al2 > M al1 > rock > porcelain.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77322381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479042
A. Demirbaş
The pyrolysis of sawdust from beech wood results in the production of charcoal, liquid and gaseous products. The yields of liquid products increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 575 to 700 K, then decrease with increasing the temperature. The yield of oil increases with increasing the initial moisture content of the sample. The results indicated that the presence of moisture influenced significantly the thermal degradation rate of sawdust pyrolysis. The peak temperatures in pyrolysis were about 691 and 702 K for heating rates of 5 K/min. The liquid yield from pyrolysis of the sawdust with 54.8% moisture was about 33% higher than that in nitrogen stream.
{"title":"Relationship between Initial Moisture Content and the Liquid Yield from Pyrolysis of Sawdust","authors":"A. Demirbaş","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479042","url":null,"abstract":"The pyrolysis of sawdust from beech wood results in the production of charcoal, liquid and gaseous products. The yields of liquid products increase with increasing pyrolysis temperature from 575 to 700 K, then decrease with increasing the temperature. The yield of oil increases with increasing the initial moisture content of the sample. The results indicated that the presence of moisture influenced significantly the thermal degradation rate of sawdust pyrolysis. The peak temperatures in pyrolysis were about 691 and 702 K for heating rates of 5 K/min. The liquid yield from pyrolysis of the sawdust with 54.8% moisture was about 33% higher than that in nitrogen stream.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77581216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00908310490479097
Jeong Hwan Lee, Y. Baek, W. Sung
This study presents the experimental apparatus of flow loop type to investigate the hydrate plugging phenomena. The experiments for formation and dissociation of methane hydrate were conducted using the experimental apparatus setup in this study. Through the experiments, (gas + water + hydrate) three-phase equilibrium conditions were measured and enthalpy change in the dissociation process was analyzed based on the equilibrium results. The equilibrium conditions and the enthalpy of dissociation have been found to be consistent with previously published reference data. To examine the effect of hydrate formation under the flowing condition, experiments were carried out at varying flow velocities under a constant pressure. As a result, hydrate forming temperature tends to increase linearly with increasing flow velocity. Therefore, it was verified experimentally that flow velocity can be considered as one of the significant factors triggering the increase in the formation temperature.
{"title":"The Kinetics on Hydrate Formation in Pipelines","authors":"Jeong Hwan Lee, Y. Baek, W. Sung","doi":"10.1080/00908310490479097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00908310490479097","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the experimental apparatus of flow loop type to investigate the hydrate plugging phenomena. The experiments for formation and dissociation of methane hydrate were conducted using the experimental apparatus setup in this study. Through the experiments, (gas + water + hydrate) three-phase equilibrium conditions were measured and enthalpy change in the dissociation process was analyzed based on the equilibrium results. The equilibrium conditions and the enthalpy of dissociation have been found to be consistent with previously published reference data. To examine the effect of hydrate formation under the flowing condition, experiments were carried out at varying flow velocities under a constant pressure. As a result, hydrate forming temperature tends to increase linearly with increasing flow velocity. Therefore, it was verified experimentally that flow velocity can be considered as one of the significant factors triggering the increase in the formation temperature.","PeriodicalId":11841,"journal":{"name":"Energy Sources","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77627606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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