Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.5
S. Pote, Yamini Chaudhary, Shruti Upadhayay, V. Tale, Sandeep A. Walujkar, Y. Shouche, R. Bhadekar
Background: Importance of microbial metabolites in food, detergent, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries has now been widely established. To fulfill the requirement of these industries, psychrophilic/psychrotrophic marine microbes are being explored. These microbes help in the production of metabolites that are active and stable at extreme physiological conditions. In correlation with this scenario, the present study reports identification of 14 bacterial isolates (BRI 32- BRI 45) from marine water samples (out of which 4 are Antarctic) with emphasis on their biotechnologically important characters. Material and Methods: Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Growth of the isolates under different physiological conditions of temperature (10°C to 45°C), pH (3-10) and concentration of NaCI (0-20%) was studied. Further, the isolates were examined for their ability to produce i) polyunsaturated fatty acids, ii) industrially important enzymes and their potential to produce bio-surfactant. Results: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to Halomonas, Brevibacillus, Kocuria and Oceanobacillus genera. Our results indicated that the isolates could grow over a wide range of physiological conditions of pH (3-10), temperature (10-45°C) and NaCI concentration. Eight out of 14 isolates showed the presence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. BRI 34 was found to produce significant amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (39.66%). Most of the isolates exhibited the ability to produce 3 or 4 enzymes. Only BRI 35 showed potential for biosurfactant production. Conclusions: Our findings suggest potential of these isolates for biotechnological applications.
{"title":"Identification and biotechnological potential of psychrotrophic marine isolates","authors":"S. Pote, Yamini Chaudhary, Shruti Upadhayay, V. Tale, Sandeep A. Walujkar, Y. Shouche, R. Bhadekar","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Importance of microbial metabolites in food, detergent, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic industries has now been widely established. To fulfill the requirement of these industries, psychrophilic/psychrotrophic marine microbes are being explored. These microbes help in the production of metabolites that are active and stable at extreme physiological conditions. In correlation with this scenario, the present study reports identification of 14 bacterial isolates (BRI 32- BRI 45) from marine water samples (out of which 4 are Antarctic) with emphasis on their biotechnologically important characters. \u0000Material and Methods: Bacterial isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Growth of the isolates under different physiological conditions of temperature (10°C to 45°C), pH (3-10) and concentration of NaCI (0-20%) was studied. Further, the isolates were examined for their ability to produce i) polyunsaturated fatty acids, ii) industrially important enzymes and their potential to produce bio-surfactant. \u0000Results: 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to Halomonas, Brevibacillus, Kocuria and Oceanobacillus genera. Our results indicated that the isolates could grow over a wide range of physiological conditions of pH (3-10), temperature (10-45°C) and NaCI concentration. Eight out of 14 isolates showed the presence of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. BRI 34 was found to produce significant amounts of eicosapentaenoic acid (39.66%). Most of the isolates exhibited the ability to produce 3 or 4 enzymes. Only BRI 35 showed potential for biosurfactant production. \u0000Conclusions: Our findings suggest potential of these isolates for biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"51-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.1
D. Anyona, G. Dida, P. Abuom, O. Odhiambo, Matano Ally-Said, C. Kanangire, A. Ofulla
Background: A number of factors impact negatively on natural surface water resources across the world. Although sources of surface water pollution are numerous, anthropogenic activities have been singled out as among the most important and of great concern. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities on nutrients and microbial levels along the Amala and Nyangores tributaries of the Mara River in Kenya. Materials and Methods: Four sampling sites along each tributary were specifically selected from which water samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients by use of spectrophotometric techniques, and coliform bacterial presence by a multiple tube fermentation technique. Results: Higher levels of total phosphorus were recorded along the Nyangores than the Amala tributary (P= 0.02). Significant differences in phosphorus levels were recorded between different sites along the Nyangores tributary (P= However, total nitrogen levels varied only within sites along the Nyangores tributary (P Conclusions: The findings imply that the health of local communities who depend on this water for domestic use might be compromised. As such, regular monitoring, strict enforcement of environmental protection laws, public education and proper sewage disposal is recommended.
{"title":"Influence of anthropogenic activities on microbial and nutrient levels along the Mara River tributaries, Kenya","authors":"D. Anyona, G. Dida, P. Abuom, O. Odhiambo, Matano Ally-Said, C. Kanangire, A. Ofulla","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A number of factors impact negatively on natural surface water resources across the world. Although sources of surface water pollution are numerous, anthropogenic activities have been singled out as among the most important and of great concern. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities on nutrients and microbial levels along the Amala and Nyangores tributaries of the Mara River in Kenya. \u0000Materials and Methods: Four sampling sites along each tributary were specifically selected from which water samples were collected and analyzed for nutrients by use of spectrophotometric techniques, and coliform bacterial presence by a multiple tube fermentation technique. \u0000Results: Higher levels of total phosphorus were recorded along the Nyangores than the Amala tributary (P= 0.02). Significant differences in phosphorus levels were recorded between different sites along the Nyangores tributary (P= \u0000However, total nitrogen levels varied only within sites along the Nyangores tributary (P \u0000Conclusions: The findings imply that the health of local communities who depend on this water for domestic use might be compromised. As such, regular monitoring, strict enforcement of environmental protection laws, public education and proper sewage disposal is recommended.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2014.8.0.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.1
Gauri Dixit, D. Samarth, V. Tale, R. Bhadekar
Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms present in food and dietary supplements that beneficially affect the individual by improving the intestinal microbial balance properties. Their market value and biological potential is enormous because of their health-promoting properties. Therefore, comparative studies on probiotic potential of three selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were carried out during this work. Method: The selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCIM 2660, NCIM 2903 and NCIM 2285) were assessed for tolerance to pH (pH 2.5) and oxgall (0.3%), adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial properties against test microorganisms and susceptibility to antibiotics. Results: The distinguished characteristics of strain NCIM 2903 were high acid tolerance, antagonistic activity against all test micro-organisms and adhesion to Caco-2 cells (225±33 cells adhering to 100 Caco-2 cells). Strain NCIM 2285 exhibited bile tolerance and inability to grow in presence of five of the antibiotics used. Strain NCIM 2285 indicated moderate adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The strain NCIM 2660 was unable to grow in presence of any of the twelve antibiotics. In contrast, control plates without discs of antibiotics exhibited confluent growth. It was a desirable feature. However, NCIM 2660 exhibited poor adhesive property. The optimum temperature of growth for all three strains was found to be 37oC. Conclusions: Significant differences in the probiotic characteristics of the three strains were recorded. In the cumulative assessment, strain NCIM 2903 could be regarded as the potential probiotic contender. These studies will help in selecting the probiotic micro organisms in a more rational manner for further applications.
{"title":"Comparative studies on potential probiotic characteristics of Lactobacillus acidophilus strains","authors":"Gauri Dixit, D. Samarth, V. Tale, R. Bhadekar","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Probiotics are live microorganisms present in food and dietary supplements that beneficially affect the individual by improving the intestinal microbial balance properties. Their market value and biological potential is enormous because of their health-promoting properties. Therefore, comparative studies on probiotic potential of three selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were carried out during this work. \u0000Method: The selected strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (NCIM 2660, NCIM 2903 and NCIM 2285) were assessed for tolerance to pH (pH 2.5) and oxgall (0.3%), adhesion to Caco-2 cells, antimicrobial properties against test microorganisms and susceptibility to antibiotics. \u0000Results: The distinguished characteristics of strain NCIM 2903 were high acid tolerance, antagonistic activity against all test micro-organisms and adhesion to Caco-2 cells (225±33 cells adhering to 100 Caco-2 cells). Strain NCIM 2285 exhibited bile tolerance and inability to grow in \u0000presence of five of the antibiotics used. Strain NCIM 2285 indicated moderate adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The strain NCIM 2660 was unable to grow in presence of any of the twelve antibiotics. In contrast, control plates without discs of antibiotics exhibited confluent growth. It was a desirable feature. However, NCIM 2660 exhibited poor adhesive property. The optimum temperature of growth for all three strains was found to be 37oC. \u0000Conclusions: Significant differences in the probiotic characteristics of the three strains were recorded. In the cumulative assessment, strain NCIM 2903 could be regarded as the potential probiotic contender. These studies will help in selecting the probiotic micro organisms in a more rational manner for further applications.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.3
M. B. Fredj, Kaouther Zhani, C. Hannachi, Tijani Mehwachi
Background: Optimum benefits of seed priming on four cultivars of coriander {Coriandrum sativum) having different origin (Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, and Syria) were studied under salinity stress. Method: Seeds of coriander were primed with NaCI at five levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 ) for three different times (12, 24 and 36 h) at 25°C. Then primed (P) and non-primed (NP) seeds were irrigated with five different saline solutions consisting of 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 NaCI. Results: The results showed that the best germination percentage was obtained by applying NaCI at 4 g L1 for 12 h. Also, NaCI priming increased germination percentage compared with non-primed seeds. Overall increased NaCI level led to the reductions in the traits under study but these reductions were higher for non-primed compared to primed seeds. An Egyptian cultivar seemed to be the most sensitive. Conclusions: The present study revealed that under salinity seed priming with NaCI could be used as a method to improve seed performance in coriander. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of NaCI priming on later growth and development of this crop.
背景:研究了不同产地(突尼斯、阿尔及利亚、埃及和叙利亚)的香菜(Coriandrum sativum)品种在盐胁迫下的最佳灌种效益。方法:在25℃条件下，将香菜种子分别以0、2、4、6、8 g L1 5个水平的NaCI进行3次(12、24、36 h)引物处理。然后用5种不同的盐水溶液(分别为0(对照)、2、4、6和8 g L1 NaCI)灌溉引物(P)和非引物(NP)种子。结果:nacl在4 g L1条件下处理12 h的发芽率最高，且与未处理的种子相比，NaCI处理提高了种子的发芽率。总体而言，nai水平的升高导致了性状的降低，但未启动种子的性状降低幅度高于启动种子。一种埃及品种似乎是最敏感的。结论:盐胁迫下NaCI催种可以提高香菜种子生长性能。然而，NaCI对该作物后期生长发育的影响还有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Effect of NaCI priming on seed germination of four coriander cultivars {Coriandrum sativum)","authors":"M. B. Fredj, Kaouther Zhani, C. Hannachi, Tijani Mehwachi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Optimum benefits of seed priming on four cultivars of coriander {Coriandrum sativum) having different origin (Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, and Syria) were studied under salinity stress. \u0000Method: Seeds of coriander were primed with NaCI at five levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 ) for three different times (12, 24 and 36 h) at 25°C. Then primed (P) and non-primed (NP) seeds were irrigated with five different saline solutions consisting of 0 (control), 2, 4, 6 and 8 g L1 NaCI. \u0000Results: The results showed that the best germination percentage was obtained by applying NaCI at 4 g L1 for 12 h. Also, NaCI priming increased germination percentage compared with non-primed seeds. Overall increased NaCI level led to the reductions in the traits under study but these reductions were higher for non-primed compared to primed seeds. An Egyptian cultivar seemed to be the most sensitive. \u0000Conclusions: The present study revealed that under salinity seed priming with NaCI could be used as a method to improve seed performance in coriander. However, further studies are needed to investigate the effects of NaCI priming on later growth and development of this crop.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.7
B. Yeşi̇lbudak, Ahu Kutlay, C. Darıcı
Background: Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm under the Quercus cerris and Fraxinus excelsior at an altitude of 1300-1500 m from the Kullin site at Gulnar-Mersin and were compared for their pH, CaCOs, nitrogen (N) %, and carbon (C) % contents. Balanced soils in natural forest ecosystems are known to be very rich in carbon content which increases with latitude and altitude and that the C/N ratio varies greatly between the soils of different plant species. We determined the values of the C/N rates in Q. cerris and F. excelsior soils of the Gulnar Gezende forest for the first time at this altitude. Material and Methods: A pH meter and Scheibler calcimeter were used to determine the soil pH and lime contents respectively. Percentage C was determined using the Anne method and the N% with the Kjeldahl method. Results: There was no difference in the pH values and nitrogen percentage contents between the two soils. Q. cerris soil was found to have medium levels of CaCOs, while the level of CaCCh in F. excelsior soils was low. The C/N rates and carbon contents were higher in Q. cerris soil than F. excelsior soil (P Conclusions: The higher carbon content of Q. cerris soil can be explained by higher amounts of organic matter compared with F. excelsior, which might depend on factors such as microclimate and their specific characteristics.
{"title":"Comparison of soil the carbon and nitrogen contents of Quercus cerris and Fraxinus excelsior in the Mersin-Gulnar region","authors":"B. Yeşi̇lbudak, Ahu Kutlay, C. Darıcı","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-10 cm under the Quercus cerris and Fraxinus excelsior at an altitude of 1300-1500 m from the Kullin site at Gulnar-Mersin and were compared for their pH, CaCOs, nitrogen (N) %, and carbon (C) % contents. Balanced soils in natural forest ecosystems are known to be very rich in carbon content which increases with latitude and altitude and that the C/N ratio varies greatly between the soils of different plant species. We determined the values of the C/N rates in Q. cerris and F. excelsior soils of the Gulnar Gezende forest for the first time at this altitude. \u0000Material and Methods: A pH meter and Scheibler calcimeter were used to determine the soil pH and lime contents respectively. Percentage C was determined using the Anne method and the N% with the Kjeldahl method. \u0000Results: There was no difference in the pH values and nitrogen percentage contents between the two soils. Q. cerris soil was found to have medium levels of CaCOs, while the level of CaCCh in F. excelsior soils was low. The C/N rates and carbon contents were higher in Q. cerris soil than F. excelsior soil (P \u0000Conclusions: The higher carbon content of Q. cerris soil can be explained by higher amounts of organic matter compared with F. excelsior, which might depend on factors such as microclimate and their specific characteristics.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.4
P. Sharma, Vijay Kumar, B. Naik, G. Bisht
Background: Awareness towards the environmental pollution had made the evolution of green technology by which enzymes got special attention in industries. The enzymes replaced chemical catalysts in manufacturing various chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical products. Material and Methods: Actinomycetes were isolated and screened for their ability to produce xylanase. For the most promising isolate, selection of media, effect of pH, temperature, metal ions, and detergents on enzyme production and activity was studied. Results: Out of 29 isolates, 22 isolates showed xylanase activity. Out of 22 xylanase producing isolate, 05 isolates were selected for secondary screening on the basis of their clear zone size. The most promising isolate PSM-3n was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus. It produces maximum enzyme (xylanase) in media Horikoshi and Ikura having carbon and nitrogen sources as oat meal and urea respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme production was 4.0 and 45oC respectively. The enzyme activity was found maximum at temperature 50oC and enhanced in the presence of Fe3+ ions. There was a reduction in the enzyme activity in the presence of detergents like SDS, tween-20 and tween-80. The enzyme was fairly stable at 50°C for 1 h. Conclusions: The enzyme produced by the isolate PSM-3n is fairly heat stable and highly acid stable. The activity of the enzyme was increased in presence of Fe3+ ions while decreased in presence of SDS. Therefore, further studies are required for purification of xylanase for its application potential in pulp bioleaching processes and in the functional food industry.
{"title":"Screening of xylanase activity of Streptomyces albidoflavus PSM-3n isolated from Uttarakhand","authors":"P. Sharma, Vijay Kumar, B. Naik, G. Bisht","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Awareness towards the environmental pollution had made the evolution of green technology by which enzymes got special attention in industries. The enzymes replaced chemical catalysts in manufacturing various chemicals, agricultural and pharmaceutical products. \u0000Material and Methods: Actinomycetes were isolated and screened for their ability to produce xylanase. For the most promising isolate, selection of media, effect of pH, temperature, metal ions, and detergents on enzyme production and activity was studied. \u0000Results: Out of 29 isolates, 22 isolates showed xylanase activity. Out of 22 xylanase producing isolate, 05 isolates were selected for secondary screening on the basis of their clear zone size. The most promising isolate PSM-3n was identified as Streptomyces albidoflavus. It produces maximum enzyme (xylanase) in media Horikoshi and Ikura having carbon and nitrogen sources as oat meal and urea respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the enzyme production was 4.0 and 45oC respectively. The enzyme activity was found maximum at temperature 50oC and enhanced in the presence of Fe3+ ions. There was a reduction in the enzyme activity in the presence of detergents like SDS, tween-20 and tween-80. The enzyme was fairly stable at 50°C for 1 h. \u0000Conclusions: The enzyme produced by the isolate PSM-3n is fairly heat stable and highly acid stable. The activity of the enzyme was increased in presence of Fe3+ ions while decreased in presence of SDS. Therefore, further studies are required for purification of xylanase for its application potential in pulp bioleaching processes and in the functional food industry.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.5
Peerzada Arshid Shabir, I. A. Nawchoo, A. Wani
Background: The species Inula racemosa, a rare species of Kashmir Himalaya, has been included in the list of endangered species of India. In the present study, we aimed to make a more formal quantitative analysis of the fertility of /. racemosa, wild as well as transplanted populations, using a meiotic behaviour analysis and pollen viability test. Material and Methods: Inflorescences atan ideal stage for meiotic study were collected and fixed in acetic ethanol (1:3) for 24 h and stored in 70% alcohol under refrigeration at 4 °C until use. For slide preparation the anthers were squashed in 2% acetocarmine. Results: The present study revealed a peculiar chromosomal stickiness and formation of interbivalent chromatin connections among 2-4 bivalents. This stickiness of chromosomes along with interbivalent chromatin connections impairs the correct segregation of chromosomes, as a result single and double chromosomal bridges of different thickness, different number of lagging chromosomes, unequal separation, and multipolarity were continuously observed from anaphase I to microspore stage. Consequent to stickiness and associated meiotic abnormalities, the pollen grains varied greatly in size, individuals show 24.05-38.83% pollen sterility. Conclusions: The presence of sticky chromosomes in /. racemosa impairs the correct segregation during anaphase which compromises the pollen viability of the species. Although the percentage of pollen sterility was not completely concord to the high rates of observed chromosomal abnormalities but the findings can aid in the successful conservation and management of the species.
{"title":"Chromosomal stickiness and related meiotic irregularities in Inula racemosa - a critically endangered medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas","authors":"Peerzada Arshid Shabir, I. A. Nawchoo, A. Wani","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The species Inula racemosa, a rare species of Kashmir Himalaya, has been included in the list of endangered species of India. In the present study, we aimed to make a more formal quantitative analysis of the fertility of /. racemosa, wild as well as transplanted populations, using a meiotic behaviour analysis and pollen viability test. \u0000Material and Methods: Inflorescences atan ideal stage for meiotic study were collected and fixed in acetic ethanol (1:3) for 24 h and stored in 70% alcohol under refrigeration at 4 °C until use. For slide preparation the anthers were squashed in 2% acetocarmine. \u0000Results: The present study revealed a peculiar chromosomal stickiness and formation of interbivalent chromatin connections among 2-4 bivalents. This stickiness of chromosomes along with interbivalent chromatin connections impairs the correct segregation of chromosomes, as a result single and double chromosomal bridges of different thickness, different number of lagging chromosomes, unequal separation, and multipolarity were continuously observed from anaphase I to microspore stage. Consequent to stickiness and associated meiotic abnormalities, the pollen grains varied greatly in size, individuals show 24.05-38.83% pollen sterility. \u0000Conclusions: The presence of sticky chromosomes in /. racemosa impairs the correct segregation during anaphase which compromises the pollen viability of the species. Although the percentage of pollen sterility was not completely concord to the high rates of observed chromosomal abnormalities but the findings can aid in the successful conservation and management of the species.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.12
Omer Yamaner, B. Erdağ
Background: Hypericum adenotrichum contain many biologically active compounds, some of which, especially hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin), have antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor properties. In this paper, we report the effects of osmotic stress on the production of hypericins in H. adenotrichum under in vitro conditions. Osmotic stress is an abiotic elicitor that can alter the physiological and biochemical properties of plants, as well as decrease or increase the concentrations of secondary metabolites in plant tissues. Material and Methods: Sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to cause osmotic stress. Seedlings of H. adenotrichum were grown on a modified MS medium containing sucrose (15, 30, 45, and 60 g/L) or PEG (2.5, 10, and 15 g/L) for 15 and 30 days. Then, H. adenotrichum seedlings were extracted with methanol. These extracts were analysed by HPLC to investigate the changes in hypericins levels. Results: Under osmotic stress conditions, the concentrations of hypericins changed in seedlings of H. adenotrichum. Treatment with 10 g/L PEG for 15 days increased production of hypericin (2.1-fold) and pseudohypericin (2.3-fold), but PEG treatment for 30 days affected less hypericins levels when compared to PEG treatment for 15 days. The amount that the hypericins increased was minimal and proportional with the amount of sucrose up to treatment with 45 g/L sucrose, and then the hypericins decreased at 60 g/L of sucrose treatment for 15 days. In sucrose treatment, the highest hypericins levels were observed in the control seedlings at 30 days treatment period of sucrose. Conclusions: These results can be evaluated in experimental botany and in the technology of Hypericum species cultivation for pharmaceutical applications.
{"title":"Effects of sucrose and polyethylene glycol on hypericins content in Hypericum adenotrichum","authors":"Omer Yamaner, B. Erdağ","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.12","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypericum adenotrichum contain many biologically active compounds, some of which, especially hypericins (hypericin and pseudohypericin), have antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor properties. In this paper, we report the effects of osmotic stress on the production of hypericins in H. adenotrichum under in vitro conditions. Osmotic stress is an abiotic elicitor that can alter the physiological and biochemical properties of plants, as well as decrease or increase the \u0000concentrations of secondary metabolites in plant tissues. \u0000Material and Methods: Sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to cause osmotic stress. Seedlings of H. adenotrichum were grown on a modified MS medium containing sucrose (15, 30, 45, and 60 g/L) or PEG (2.5, 10, and 15 g/L) for 15 and 30 days. Then, H. adenotrichum seedlings were extracted with methanol. These extracts were analysed by HPLC to investigate the changes in hypericins levels. \u0000Results: Under osmotic stress conditions, the concentrations of hypericins changed in seedlings of H. adenotrichum. Treatment with 10 g/L PEG for 15 days increased production of hypericin (2.1-fold) and pseudohypericin (2.3-fold), but PEG treatment for 30 days affected less hypericins levels when compared to PEG treatment for 15 days. The amount that the hypericins increased was minimal and proportional with the amount of sucrose up to treatment with 45 g/L sucrose, and then the hypericins decreased at 60 g/L of sucrose treatment for 15 days. In sucrose treatment, the highest hypericins levels were observed in the control seedlings at 30 days treatment period of sucrose. \u0000Conclusions: These results can be evaluated in experimental botany and in the technology of Hypericum species cultivation for pharmaceutical applications.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.12","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.2
Sumit Manna, T. K. Ghara, Debal Ray, A. Roy
Background: Traditionally managed sacred groves in the lateritic parts of eastern India are a common phenomenon. Groves located in the transitional ecosystem are characteristically rich in biodiversity and are found to be showcasing local refuges. Besides the cultural and aesthetic needs of mankind, these ancient forest remnants are the center of attraction to the researchers for their immense veritable gene pool thriving on sacred belief. Present study highlights the phytosociological characteristics along with the way of traditional management of a sacred grove. Method: Traditional management practices were observed from the local community. Plants were identified following standard literature. Nature of relationship between different climbers and lianas with the major tree species of the grove was studied through cluster analysis, based on percentage cover data of each of the major climbers and lianas on the host trees. Results: Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta and Terminalia arjuna contributed most to the architecture built up of the grove. Out of 12 major species of climbers and lianas, Derris scandens showed its maximum abundance in terms of canopy coverage throughout the grove followed by Tinospora cordifolia and Gouania tiliaefolia. Certain degree of positive correlation was observed between different climbers and lianas with the mean height and mean diameter at breast height of the major tree species. Conclusions: High species richness, confinement of the species and less undergrowth are the key characteristics of a sacred grove in transitional ecosystem. Opportunistic and aggressive nature of spreading have rendered Derris scandens, Tinospora cordifolia and Gouania tiliaefolia fittest in these highly overlapping niches of the grove. Adaptive management involving the local folk may help the Government in formulating the conservation strategies especially in non forest areas.
{"title":"Phytosociological analysis of a traditionally managed sacred grove in transitional ecosystem of eastern lateritic part of India","authors":"Sumit Manna, T. K. Ghara, Debal Ray, A. Roy","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traditionally managed sacred groves in the lateritic parts of eastern India are a common phenomenon. Groves located in the transitional ecosystem are characteristically rich in biodiversity and are found to be showcasing local refuges. Besides the cultural and aesthetic needs of mankind, these ancient forest remnants are the center of attraction to the researchers for their immense veritable gene pool thriving on sacred belief. Present study highlights the phytosociological characteristics along with the way of traditional management of a sacred grove. \u0000Method: Traditional management practices were observed from the local community. Plants were identified following standard literature. Nature of relationship between different climbers and lianas with the major tree species of the grove was studied through cluster analysis, based on percentage cover data of each of the major climbers and lianas on the host trees. \u0000Results: Syzygium cumini, Shorea robusta and Terminalia arjuna contributed most to the architecture built up of the grove. Out of 12 major species of climbers and lianas, Derris scandens showed its maximum abundance in terms of canopy coverage throughout the grove followed by Tinospora cordifolia and Gouania tiliaefolia. Certain degree of positive correlation was observed between different climbers and lianas with the mean height and mean diameter at breast height of the major tree species. \u0000Conclusions: High species richness, confinement of the species and less undergrowth are the key characteristics of a sacred grove in transitional ecosystem. Opportunistic and aggressive nature of spreading have rendered Derris scandens, Tinospora cordifolia and Gouania tiliaefolia fittest in these highly overlapping niches of the grove. Adaptive management involving the local folk may help the Government in formulating the conservation strategies especially in non forest areas.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"10-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.8
N. Ofodile, N. Nwakanma, M. Mordi, Oluwakemi Ademolu, Isabella Ezimoke, J. Owoso
Background: The guava, Psidium guajava is one of the most gregarious of fruit trees, of the Myrtaceae family. The leaf of P. guajava is a common herb used in the treatment of diarrhea in Nigeria and this has generated special interest in the probable antimicrobial and genotoxic effects of the leaf. However the mode of action of the leaf extracts has not been reported, hence the genotoxicity study. Material and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava on Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using agar-well method and also subjected to phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy analysis. General toxicity and genotoxic effects of the aqueous leaf extracts (0.01 g/mL, 0.03 g/mL, 0.06 g/mL and 0.08 g/mL) of P. guajava on Allium cepa root tips were also investigated using aceto-orcein squash technique. Results: Results showed that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of guava leaf inhibited the growth of the bacteria and fungi tested. The ethanolic extract showed stronger inhibition than the aqueous extract against the organisms. A total of forty one compounds were identified in guava leaves using GC-MS analysis and these substances were found to be essential oils. The cytological effects at low concentration included mainly c-mitosis, vagrant chromosomes, chromosome bridges, and binucleate cells with E C s o o f 0.02 g/mL. Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the extracts of leaves of P. guajava could be partly due to alterations associated with the cell division as deduced from the results.
{"title":"Genotoxic and antimicrobial studies of the leaves of Psidium guajava","authors":"N. Ofodile, N. Nwakanma, M. Mordi, Oluwakemi Ademolu, Isabella Ezimoke, J. Owoso","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.8","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The guava, Psidium guajava is one of the most gregarious of fruit trees, of the Myrtaceae family. The leaf of P. guajava is a common herb used in the treatment of diarrhea in Nigeria and this has generated special interest in the probable antimicrobial and genotoxic effects of the leaf. However the mode of action of the leaf extracts has not been reported, hence the genotoxicity study. \u0000Material and Methods: Antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Psidium guajava on Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated using agar-well method and also subjected to phytochemical screening and Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy analysis. General toxicity and genotoxic effects of the aqueous leaf extracts (0.01 g/mL, 0.03 g/mL, 0.06 g/mL and 0.08 g/mL) of P. guajava on Allium cepa root tips were also investigated using aceto-orcein squash technique. \u0000Results: Results showed that both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of guava leaf inhibited the growth of the bacteria and fungi tested. The ethanolic extract showed stronger inhibition than the aqueous extract against the organisms. A total of forty one compounds were identified in guava leaves using GC-MS analysis and these substances were found to be essential oils. The cytological effects at low concentration included mainly c-mitosis, vagrant chromosomes, chromosome bridges, and binucleate cells with E C s o o f 0.02 g/mL. \u0000Conclusions: The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils from the extracts of leaves of P. guajava could be partly due to alterations associated with the cell division as deduced from the results.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"60-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2013.7.0.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70599945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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