Muhammad Kautsar, N. Anggraeni, Vivi Permata Sari, Ribka B. A Mboe, Anindya Widyasari, Zahwa Afdhilani Azwan, Athiyah Amatillah, Priscillia Ivana Jie, Sulistiawati, R. Bambang
Introduction: Based on preliminary surveys in this study, it was found 86.7% of respondents suffered from accute respiratory infection experienced 4 times reinfection within 3 months and 50% of respondents rarely consumed balanced nutritious food. Aims: to find the correlation between clean and healthy lifestyle behaviours, healthy housing and the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years. Method: a cross-sectional study was used by involving mothers or caregivers with infants aged 1-4 years in Malang Regency. A questionnaire was applied as research instrument. Data obtained were conducted by a nonparametric contingency coefficient test with IBM SPSS v17. Result: Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between family members who smoke (p-value=0.021) and the level of home density (p-value=0.03) with the frequency of acute respiratory tract infections in toddlers. While the relationship of other variables such as the sex of children under five (p-value=0.799), clean and healthy lifestyle behaviour: delivery at primary health care (p-value=0.084), exclusive breastfeeding(p-value=0.940), routinely visiting Integrated Healthcare Center (p-value=0.396), hand washing behaviour (p-value=0.523), consuming healthy food (p-value=0.247), and infant’s activity(p-value=0.096), healthy housing: ventilation (p-value=0.396) and lighting (p-value=0.767) have no a significant correlation with incident of accute respiratory infection in infants. Conclusion: There is a correlation between family members who smoke and the level of home density with the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years.
{"title":"Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Healthy Housing Influenced the Incident of Acute Respiratory Infection in Childhood","authors":"Muhammad Kautsar, N. Anggraeni, Vivi Permata Sari, Ribka B. A Mboe, Anindya Widyasari, Zahwa Afdhilani Azwan, Athiyah Amatillah, Priscillia Ivana Jie, Sulistiawati, R. Bambang","doi":"10.3329/BJM.V32I1.51090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3329/BJM.V32I1.51090","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Based on preliminary surveys in this study, it was found 86.7% of respondents suffered from accute respiratory infection experienced 4 times reinfection within 3 months and 50% of respondents rarely consumed balanced nutritious food. Aims: to find the correlation between clean and healthy lifestyle behaviours, healthy housing and the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years. Method: a cross-sectional study was used by involving mothers or caregivers with infants aged 1-4 years in Malang Regency. A questionnaire was applied as research instrument. Data obtained were conducted by a nonparametric contingency coefficient test with IBM SPSS v17. Result: Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between family members who smoke (p-value=0.021) and the level of home density (p-value=0.03) with the frequency of acute respiratory tract infections in toddlers. While the relationship of other variables such as the sex of children under five (p-value=0.799), clean and healthy lifestyle behaviour: delivery at primary health care (p-value=0.084), exclusive breastfeeding(p-value=0.940), routinely visiting Integrated Healthcare Center (p-value=0.396), hand washing behaviour (p-value=0.523), consuming healthy food (p-value=0.247), and infant’s activity(p-value=0.096), healthy housing: ventilation (p-value=0.396) and lighting (p-value=0.767) have no a significant correlation with incident of accute respiratory infection in infants. Conclusion: There is a correlation between family members who smoke and the level of home density with the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"4837-4842"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43847571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000602
M. Genta, U. Tang, K. Anwar, S. Wahyuni, S. Syahril
Background and Purpose: Charcoal is a residue that occurs from the results of decomposition of wood due to heat when most of the chemical components are carbon. One method of making wood charcoal is to use a stove. Charcoal is an important factor in determining the sustainability of the lives of surrounding communities that have long been running. Therefore the purpose of this study is to create a strategy based on the SWOT analysis to see if the charcoal business using mangrove forests can proceed or not. Materials and Methods: Analysis of sustainable development strategies using SWOT Analysis which is one of the analyses used to formulate a strategy in an area of development. This analysis consists of 4 basic elements, namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These four elements come from two main factors: internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). While the stages in the SWOT analysis. Results: Analysis of public perception of the existence of charcoal trading business in the Bengkalis District gave a “Good response” with a score of 2.66. These results illustrate that the existence of a charcoal trading business does not provide a bad impact as long as it is in a location around a mangrove forest. The results obtained in the SWOT matrix diagram are in the fourth quadrant, show that the priority of the strategy is the Strength (S) and Threats (T) strategies. The components in these two strategies need to get more emphasis and attention so that the existence of a charcoal trading business can be sustainable. Conclusion: The public perception of the charcoal long-standing regulation in the “Bengkalis Regency” is in the “Good category” which is a prerequisite in the development of continuous charcoal. The strategy for sustainable charcoal development is in quadrant IV, namely the S-T strategy.
{"title":"Sustainable strategy of charcoal (Panglong Arang) management in the Bengkalis Regency","authors":"M. Genta, U. Tang, K. Anwar, S. Wahyuni, S. Syahril","doi":"10.4172/2161-0525.1000602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0525.1000602","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Purpose: Charcoal is a residue that occurs from the results of decomposition of wood due to heat when most of the chemical components are carbon. One method of making wood charcoal is to use a stove. Charcoal is an important factor in determining the sustainability of the lives of surrounding communities that have long been running. Therefore the purpose of this study is to create a strategy based on the SWOT analysis to see if the charcoal business using mangrove forests can proceed or not. \u0000Materials and Methods: Analysis of sustainable development strategies using SWOT Analysis which is one of the analyses used to formulate a strategy in an area of development. This analysis consists of 4 basic elements, namely strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. These four elements come from two main factors: internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats). While the stages in the SWOT analysis. \u0000Results: Analysis of public perception of the existence of charcoal trading business in the Bengkalis District gave a “Good response” with a score of 2.66. These results illustrate that the existence of a charcoal trading business does not provide a bad impact as long as it is in a location around a mangrove forest. The results obtained in the SWOT matrix diagram are in the fourth quadrant, show that the priority of the strategy is the Strength (S) and Threats (T) strategies. The components in these two strategies need to get more emphasis and attention so that the existence of a charcoal trading business can be sustainable. \u0000Conclusion: The public perception of the charcoal long-standing regulation in the “Bengkalis Regency” is in the “Good category” which is a prerequisite in the development of continuous charcoal. The strategy for sustainable charcoal development is in quadrant IV, namely the S-T strategy.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"313-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46140385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5053/ejobios.2016.10.0.3
I. Şahin, E. Akçi̇çek, Özal Güner, Y. Dogan, I. Ugulu
Background: Biomonitoring approach has been widely used to evaluate the environmental quality and detect the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants that are not routinely measured by conventional monitoring in the air. Material and Methods: Twenty-five plant samples were obtained from twenty-three species used as biomonitors and found at two different altitudes in Kumalar Mountain with the aim of examining the levels of heavy metals. The concentrations of these elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The levels of the heavy metals Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn (pg g 1, dry weight) in plant samples supplied from different altitudes of Kumalar Mountain were assessed. Results: As a result of this study, the following mean concentrations were determined at different altitudes of Kumalar Mountain: The contents of Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn (pg g 1, dry weight) ranged from 51.902 to 2960.650, 4.247 to 194.646, 0.927 to 21.024,113.938 to 4289.115, 26.832 to 635.724 and 4.424 to 75.822, respectively. No Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Sn values were determined in the samples collected from both heights. Conclusions: The accumulation of heavy metals such as iron (Fe) in some plant samples was found to be significantly higher than the normal accumulation levels.
背景:生物监测方法已被广泛用于环境质量评价和检测空气中常规监测无法测量的无机和有机污染物的存在。材料和方法:从库马拉尔山两个不同海拔高度的23种植物中获得25种植物样本，用作生物监测仪，目的是检查重金属水平。用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定了这些元素的浓度。测定了库马拉尔山不同海拔植物样品中重金属Al、Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sn和Zn (pg g 1，干重)的含量。结果:库木拉尔山不同海拔地区的平均浓度为:Al、Ba、Cu、Fe、Mn和Zn (pg g 1，干重)含量分别为51.902 ~ 2960.650、4.247 ~ 194.646、0.927 ~ 21.024、113.938 ~ 4289.115、26.832 ~ 635.724和4.424 ~ 75.822。从两个高度采集的样品均未测定Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni和Sn值。结论:某些植物样品中铁(Fe)等重金属的积累明显高于正常积累水平。
{"title":"An investigation on determining heavy metal accumulation in plants growing at Kumalar Mountain in Turkey","authors":"I. Şahin, E. Akçi̇çek, Özal Güner, Y. Dogan, I. Ugulu","doi":"10.5053/ejobios.2016.10.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/ejobios.2016.10.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Biomonitoring approach has been widely used to evaluate the environmental quality and detect the presence of inorganic and organic pollutants that are not routinely measured by conventional monitoring in the air. \u0000Material and Methods: Twenty-five plant samples were obtained from twenty-three species used as biomonitors and found at two different altitudes in Kumalar Mountain with the aim of examining the levels of heavy metals. The concentrations of these elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The levels of the heavy metals Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn (pg g 1, dry weight) in plant samples supplied from different altitudes of Kumalar Mountain were assessed. \u0000Results: As a result of this study, the following mean concentrations were determined at different altitudes of Kumalar Mountain: The contents of Al, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn (pg g 1, dry weight) ranged from 51.902 to 2960.650, 4.247 to 194.646, 0.927 to 21.024,113.938 to 4289.115, 26.832 to 635.724 and 4.424 to 75.822, respectively. No Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni and Sn values were determined in the samples collected from both heights. \u0000Conclusions: The accumulation of heavy metals such as iron (Fe) in some plant samples was found to be significantly higher than the normal accumulation levels.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"22-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70601113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.2
S. Senarat, W. Jiraungkoorskul, J. Kettratad
Background: Limited research has been reported in the basic information about the structural organizations of heart and ovarian vessel. Hence, produced herein is the first report on the heart, aortas, ovarian blood vessel and blood cells of the short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma. Material and Methods: All fish were collected in the upper Gulf of Thailand and then they were elucidated under histological techniques. Results: The results revealed that the heart structure contained four parts including the sinus venosus, the atrium, the ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus. Several vessels including arteriole, capillary, small vein and lymphatic vessel were also commonly seen among oogenic stages of the R. brachysoma. Within capillaries, according to ultrastructural levels, various blood cells including red blood cell, eosinophil and lymphocyte were also seen. The systematic ovarian vessels especially arterial system could be classified into two patterns according to different seasons. During the nonbreeding season, the arteriole at each ovigerous fold protruded in to the ovigerous fold and gradually changed into numerous capillaries. All vessel types increased in both amount and size, especially in capillaries, where their dilation contained various red blood cells that appeared closely around the vitellogenic stage in the breeding season. Nevertheless, the systematic venous vessel was not easily observed in ovarian tissue under the light microscopic analysis. Conclusions: The hearth with consisting of four chambers including the sinus venosus, the soft atrium, the muscular ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus as well as the ovarian vessels throughout the systematic ovarian vessels were present in the R. brachysoma.
{"title":"Histological evidence of the heart and ovarian vessels in the short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma","authors":"S. Senarat, W. Jiraungkoorskul, J. Kettratad","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Limited research has been reported in the basic information about the structural organizations of heart and ovarian vessel. Hence, produced herein is the first report on the heart, aortas, ovarian blood vessel and blood cells of the short mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma. \u0000Material and Methods: All fish were collected in the upper Gulf of Thailand and then they were elucidated under histological techniques. \u0000Results: The results revealed that the heart structure contained four parts including the sinus venosus, the atrium, the ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus. Several vessels including arteriole, capillary, small vein and lymphatic vessel were also commonly seen among oogenic stages of the R. \u0000brachysoma. Within capillaries, according to ultrastructural levels, various blood cells including red blood cell, eosinophil and lymphocyte were also seen. The systematic ovarian vessels especially arterial system could be classified into two patterns according to different seasons. During the nonbreeding season, the arteriole at each ovigerous fold protruded in to the ovigerous fold and gradually changed into numerous capillaries. All vessel types increased in both amount and size, especially in capillaries, where their dilation contained various red blood cells that appeared closely around the vitellogenic stage in the breeding season. Nevertheless, the systematic venous vessel was not easily observed in ovarian tissue under the light microscopic analysis. \u0000Conclusions: The hearth with consisting of four chambers including the sinus venosus, the soft atrium, the muscular ventricle and the bulbus arteriosus as well as the ovarian vessels throughout the systematic ovarian vessels were present in the R. brachysoma.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"13-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.4
L. Khayyat
Background: Paracetamol is an extensively used analgesic and antipyretic drug which Is widely available without a prescription. An overdose of paracetamol can cause liver damage. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) Is an organic product which has an antioxidant effect against liver toxicity. The aim of the present study was to Investigate the protective effect of EVOO against the hepatotoxlclty Induced by an overdose of paracetamol In the liver of rats. Material and Methods: Forty adult male rats were used In this study, and were divided Into four groups often rats. Group 1: rats were given distilled water orally and were considered the control group; group 2: rats were given paracetamol orally at a dally dose of 650 mg/kg body weight; group 3: rats were given EVOO orally at a dally dose of 2 mL/kg body weight; group 4: rats were given paracetamol orally (650 mg/kg) and EVOO (2 mL/kg body weight). Blood and liver samples were collected after 15 days of treatment and were prepared for histological, ultrastructural and physiological analyses. Results: Several hlstopathologlcal and ultrastructural changes were observed In group 2, In which rats received paracetamol only. Including cell degeneration, lipid droplets, pyknotlc nuclei, disrupted rER, proliferated sER, changes In mitochondrial structure and congested and expanded blood vessels. Moreover, a significant Increase (p Improvement In histology, ultrastructure of hepatocytes and blood parameters. A significant decrease (p Conclusions: The results obtained In this study Indicated that EVOO has a protective effect against paracetamol overdose-induced hepatotoxlclty.
{"title":"Protective effects of extra virgin olive oil against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity in Wistar albino rats","authors":"L. Khayyat","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Paracetamol is an extensively used analgesic and antipyretic drug which Is widely available without a prescription. An overdose of paracetamol can cause liver damage. Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) Is an organic product which has an antioxidant effect against liver toxicity. The aim of the present study was to Investigate the protective effect of EVOO against the hepatotoxlclty Induced by an overdose of paracetamol In the liver of rats. \u0000Material and Methods: Forty adult male rats were used In this study, and were divided Into four groups often rats. Group 1: rats were given distilled water orally and were considered the control group; group 2: rats were given paracetamol orally at a dally dose of 650 mg/kg body weight; group 3: rats were given EVOO orally at a dally dose of 2 mL/kg body weight; group 4: rats were given paracetamol orally (650 mg/kg) and EVOO (2 mL/kg body weight). Blood and liver samples were collected after 15 days of treatment and were prepared for histological, ultrastructural and \u0000physiological analyses. \u0000Results: Several hlstopathologlcal and ultrastructural changes were observed In group 2, In which rats received paracetamol only. Including cell degeneration, lipid droplets, pyknotlc nuclei, disrupted rER, proliferated sER, changes In mitochondrial structure and congested and expanded blood vessels. Moreover, a significant Increase (p \u0000Improvement In histology, ultrastructure of hepatocytes and blood parameters. A significant decrease (p \u0000Conclusions: The results obtained In this study Indicated that EVOO has a protective effect against paracetamol overdose-induced hepatotoxlclty.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70601193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.L
P. Pradhan, A. Dutta, S. Paloi, A. Roy, K. Acharya
Background: Eastern Himalayas have rich biodiversity but are threatened by anthropogenic activities and periodic natural calamities. The present investigation focused on the cryptogamic group of macrofungi in the Darjeeling Himalayas which are extremely diverse and ecologically significant, but have received very little attention from a conservation perspective. Material and Methods: Investigations were conducted during June-September of 2013-2014 in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India, wherein, local macrofungi were sampled in mixed to monoculture forests using 50 random transects 100x2 m. Fruit bodies were studied, collected, identified in the laboratory and deposited at Calcutta University Herbarium. Sampling units were georeferenced and physico-climatic factors were derived from the WORLDCLIM database. Results: The macrofungi belonged to 98 species representing 72 genera and 47 families; 58.16% were saprotrophs, 17.34% were ectomycorrhizal and 10.2% were parasitic. The most species-rich families were Russulaceae with 9 Russula species followed by Marasmiaceae with 4 Marasmius species and Coprinaceae with 3 Coprinus species. Most of the ectomycorrhizal macrofungi were hosted by natural stands of Quercus, Lithocarpus and Betula. The only species with zooparasitic capability were Cordyceps nutans and C. militaris. The relative abundance of only 6 saprotrophs communicatively accounted for 52.84% of the total abundance. Conclusions: The findings showed that this region is rich in macrofungal diversity intricately linked to the functioning of the local ecosystem. However, a high proportion of saprotrophs compared to ectomycorrhizal species suggests disturbance and degradation of regional forests. Mycofloristically important localities like Lolaygaon, Sonada, and Lameydhura in the Darjeeling district should be prioritized for further studies and future conservation action.
{"title":"Diversity and distribution of macrofungi in the Eastern Himalayan ecosystem","authors":"P. Pradhan, A. Dutta, S. Paloi, A. Roy, K. Acharya","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.L","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Eastern Himalayas have rich biodiversity but are threatened by anthropogenic activities and periodic natural calamities. The present investigation focused on the cryptogamic group of macrofungi in the Darjeeling Himalayas which are extremely diverse and ecologically significant, but have received very little attention from a conservation perspective. \u0000Material and Methods: Investigations were conducted during June-September of 2013-2014 in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India, wherein, local macrofungi were sampled in mixed to monoculture forests using 50 random transects 100x2 m. Fruit bodies were studied, collected, \u0000identified in the laboratory and deposited at Calcutta University Herbarium. Sampling units were georeferenced and physico-climatic factors were derived from the WORLDCLIM database. \u0000Results: The macrofungi belonged to 98 species representing 72 genera and 47 families; 58.16% were saprotrophs, 17.34% were ectomycorrhizal and 10.2% were parasitic. The most species-rich families were Russulaceae with 9 Russula species followed by Marasmiaceae with 4 Marasmius species and Coprinaceae with 3 Coprinus species. Most of the ectomycorrhizal macrofungi were hosted by natural stands of Quercus, Lithocarpus and Betula. The only species with zooparasitic capability were Cordyceps nutans and C. militaris. The relative abundance of only 6 saprotrophs communicatively accounted for 52.84% of the total abundance. \u0000Conclusions: The findings showed that this region is rich in macrofungal diversity intricately linked to the functioning of the local ecosystem. However, a high proportion of saprotrophs compared to ectomycorrhizal species suggests disturbance and degradation of regional forests. Mycofloristically important localities like Lolaygaon, Sonada, and Lameydhura in the Darjeeling district should be prioritized for further studies and future conservation action.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70601127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.5
M. Arzanlou, A. Narmani
Background: Togninia minima Is the main fungal species commonly associated with grapevine leaf stripe disease (GLSD), worldwide. This species Is best known by Its conldlal state In nature. No data are available on the Incidence of an active sexual cycle within the populations of this species In many grapevine producing countries Including Iran. Material and Methods: Genetic variability within and among the populations of T. minima was analyzed using M13 DNA markers. Fifty one T. minima Isolates originating from symptomatic grapevines In north and northwestern regions of Iran were subjected to polymorphism analysis using M13 markers, namely M13mp 18F, M13mp 18R and M13 mlnlsatelllte. Correlation between the genetic similarity, the geographic origin and mating Identity of the Isolates was evaluated. Results: M13 mlnlsatelllte produced the 38 polymorphic bands, while M13 mp 18F and M13 mp 18R yielded 27 and 26 bands, respectively. Significant genetic distances were found among the Isolates from the same location and different parts of the country. No correlation was found among the genetic similarity groups with geographic origin and mating Identity of the Isolates. Isolates with different mating Identity sometimes clustered In the same group. Conclusion: Our data support the presence of a sexual cycle and the ongoing recombination within populations of the species In the sampled areas.
{"title":"Genetic diversity in Iranian populations of Togninia minima, one of the causal agents of leaf stripe disease on grapevines","authors":"M. Arzanlou, A. Narmani","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2016.10.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Togninia minima Is the main fungal species commonly associated with grapevine leaf stripe disease (GLSD), worldwide. This species Is best known by Its conldlal state In nature. No data are available on the Incidence of an active sexual cycle within the populations of this species In many grapevine producing countries Including Iran. \u0000Material and Methods: Genetic variability within and among the populations of T. minima was analyzed using M13 DNA markers. Fifty one T. minima Isolates originating from symptomatic grapevines In north and northwestern regions of Iran were subjected to polymorphism analysis using M13 markers, namely M13mp 18F, M13mp 18R and M13 mlnlsatelllte. Correlation between the genetic similarity, the geographic origin and mating Identity of the Isolates was evaluated. \u0000Results: M13 mlnlsatelllte produced the 38 polymorphic bands, while M13 mp 18F and M13 mp 18R yielded 27 and 26 bands, respectively. Significant genetic distances were found among the Isolates from the same location and different parts of the country. No correlation was found among the genetic similarity groups with geographic origin and mating Identity of the Isolates. Isolates with different mating Identity sometimes clustered In the same group. \u0000Conclusion: Our data support the presence of a sexual cycle and the ongoing recombination within populations of the species In the sampled areas.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70601303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.3
Amir Foroutan Nia, Sanaz Bahman, H. Badi, A. Mehrafarin, M. Labbafi
Background: Gazania (Gazania rigens), a member of the Asteraceae family, is an ornamental plant that is cultivated on a large scale in gardens and landscapes. Material and Methods: : This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of bio-stimulants compounds on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of gazania on the basis of randomized complete blocks designed (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments included biostimulants of aminolforte, kadostim, fosnutren, humiforte (each of them at 2 and 4 L.ha-1), and control treatment (foliar spray with distillated water). Results: The effects of treatments were significant (pN0.01) on all of the traits except for the number of leaves and capitula per plant, and capitula diameter. The maximum amount of the plant height and total dry weight was obtained in the treatment of kadostim at 2 L.ha-1. The largest collar diameter of the stem and total fresh weight was observed in the treatment of aminolforte at 4 L.ha-1. The greatest diameter of the flower and stem was observed in the treatment of aminolforte and fosnutren at 2 L.ha-1, respectively. Also, the highest quantity of SPAD value, chlorophylls a and b, and total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and nitrogen content were related to the foliar application of aminolforte at 4 L.ha-1, but the highest percentage of potassium content was attained in humiforte treatment at 4 L.ha-1. In comparison, the least amount of all traits was observed in control treatment. Conclusions: The findings showed that the foliar applications of bio-stimulants based on bio-active amino acid compounds with a mixture of nutrients have positive effects on the growth, morphophysiological, and phytochemical traits of the gazania.
{"title":"Morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of gazania (Gazania rigens) affected by foliar application of bio-stimulants","authors":"Amir Foroutan Nia, Sanaz Bahman, H. Badi, A. Mehrafarin, M. Labbafi","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.3","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gazania (Gazania rigens), a member of the Asteraceae family, is an ornamental plant that is cultivated on a large scale in gardens and landscapes. \u0000Material and Methods: : This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of bio-stimulants compounds on morpho-physiological and phytochemical traits of gazania on the basis of randomized complete blocks designed (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments included biostimulants of aminolforte, kadostim, fosnutren, humiforte (each of them at 2 and 4 L.ha-1), and control treatment (foliar spray with distillated water). \u0000Results: The effects of treatments were significant (pN0.01) on all of the traits except for the number of leaves and capitula per plant, and capitula diameter. The maximum amount of the plant height and total dry weight was obtained in the treatment of kadostim at 2 L.ha-1. The largest collar \u0000diameter of the stem and total fresh weight was observed in the treatment of aminolforte at 4 L.ha-1. The greatest diameter of the flower and stem was observed in the treatment of aminolforte and fosnutren at 2 L.ha-1, respectively. Also, the highest quantity of SPAD value, chlorophylls a and b, and total chlorophyll, carotenoids, and nitrogen content were related to the foliar application of aminolforte at 4 L.ha-1, but the highest percentage of potassium content was attained in humiforte treatment at 4 L.ha-1. In comparison, the least amount of all traits was observed in control \u0000treatment. \u0000Conclusions: The findings showed that the foliar applications of bio-stimulants based on bio-active amino acid compounds with a mixture of nutrients have positive effects on the growth, morphophysiological, and phytochemical traits of the gazania.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"21-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.5
Sandopu Sravan Kumar, P. Manoj, P. Giridhar
Background: Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) is cultivated in many parts of the world for its bast fibers that find extensive industrial applications. In the southern states of India, kenaf is a popular leafy vegetable. The leaves are rich in ascorbic acid. Material and Methods: The present study reports an efficiently optimized protocol for in vitro normal root cultures for the biomass establishment of kenaf and the production of substantial amounts of ascorbic acid. The explants prepared from cotyledonary leaves of 15 day old in vitro seedlings of kenaf were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5-3 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) individually for root initiation. Results: MS medium containing 2 mg/L NAA provided the best response (100% of explants) with a root length of 12-14 cm. A light greenish friable callus was also obtained in most of the explants. Efficient root biomass and ascorbic acid production was evident upon sub-culturing ~1 cm length root segments onto MS liquid medium containing the same growth regulators regimen used for the initiation of roots. Root cultures showed maximum biomass by the eighth week (5.51 g/100 g fresh weight). Ascorbic acid production was maximal in the seventh week (48.43 mg/100 g fresh weight). Conclusions: This protocol will facilitate scale up studies for obtaining higher yields of ascorbic acid in vitro using kenaf root cultures on a commercial scale; it could also be used to investigate the kinetics of the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway.
{"title":"Optimization of an in vitro protocol for the production of ascorbic acid in Hibiscus cannabinus leaf-derived normal root cultures","authors":"Sandopu Sravan Kumar, P. Manoj, P. Giridhar","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.5","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hibiscus cannabinus (kenaf) is cultivated in many parts of the world for its bast fibers that find extensive industrial applications. In the southern states of India, kenaf is a popular leafy \u0000vegetable. The leaves are rich in ascorbic acid. \u0000Material and Methods: The present study reports an efficiently optimized protocol for in vitro normal root cultures for the biomass establishment of kenaf and the production of substantial amounts of ascorbic acid. The explants prepared from cotyledonary leaves of 15 day old in vitro seedlings of kenaf were inoculated onto Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 0.5-3 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) individually for root initiation. \u0000Results: MS medium containing 2 mg/L NAA provided the best response (100% of explants) with a root length of 12-14 cm. A light greenish friable callus was also obtained in most of the explants. Efficient root biomass and ascorbic acid production was evident upon sub-culturing ~1 cm length root segments onto MS liquid medium containing the same growth regulators regimen used for the initiation of roots. Root cultures showed maximum biomass by the eighth week (5.51 g/100 g fresh weight). Ascorbic acid production was maximal in the seventh week (48.43 mg/100 g fresh weight). \u0000Conclusions: This protocol will facilitate scale up studies for obtaining higher yields of ascorbic acid in vitro using kenaf root cultures on a commercial scale; it could also be used to investigate the kinetics of the ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathway.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"38-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-01DOI: 10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.7
Moza AL-KHAROUSI, N. Sivakumar, A. Elshafie
Background: Cellulase is an important industrial enzyme used to degrade cellulosic biomass. The demand for cellulase enzyme is continuously increasing because of its applications in various industries. Hence, screening of cellulase producing microorganisms from different sources has gained significant importance. Material and Methods: In this study, fungi isolated from books and archives were screened for their cellulase producing abilities. Four different fungi were isolated from books and archives using potato dextrose agar. Screening of these isolates for cellulase production was carried out using carboxymethyl cellulose broth. The most efficient fungus was subjected to cellulase fermentation and enzymes produced were purified and partially characterized. Results: Four different fungi, Chaetomium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium sp., were isolated from books and archives. All the isolates were tested for their ability to produce cellulase enzyme. During the primary screening Chaetomium sp. showed good growth and higher cellulase activity (155.3±25.6 U/mL) in carboxymethyl cellulose medium than the other fungi. The cellulase fermentation study was conducted with Chaetomium sp. using carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate. During the stationary phase (144 h) of the growth, the cellulase activity of Chaetomium sp. was significantly high. The maximum mycelial weight of this fungi was obtained at 168 h. Viscosity of the Chaetomium sp. inoculated fermentation medium continuously decreased until 144 h because of the degradation of carboxymethyl cellulose. During cellulase fermentation, pH increased from the initial neutral pH to 8.5. Purified cellulase showed a specific activity of 7.3 U/mg. It exhibited maximum activity at 20°C and was stable between pH 5 and 9. Conclusions: Books and archives could be a good source for the isolation of cellulase producing fungi.
{"title":"Characterization of cellulase enzyme produced by Chaetomium sp. isolated from books and archives","authors":"Moza AL-KHAROUSI, N. Sivakumar, A. Elshafie","doi":"10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5053/EJOBIOS.2015.9.0.7","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cellulase is an important industrial enzyme used to degrade cellulosic biomass. The demand for cellulase enzyme is continuously increasing because of its applications in various industries. Hence, screening of cellulase producing microorganisms from different sources has gained significant importance. \u0000Material and Methods: In this study, fungi isolated from books and archives were screened for their cellulase producing abilities. Four different fungi were isolated from books and archives using potato dextrose agar. Screening of these isolates for cellulase production was carried out using \u0000carboxymethyl cellulose broth. The most efficient fungus was subjected to cellulase fermentation and enzymes produced were purified and partially characterized. \u0000Results: Four different fungi, Chaetomium sp., Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans and Penicillium sp., were isolated from books and archives. All the isolates were tested for their ability to produce cellulase enzyme. During the primary screening Chaetomium sp. showed good growth and higher cellulase activity (155.3±25.6 U/mL) in carboxymethyl cellulose medium than the other fungi. The cellulase fermentation study was conducted with Chaetomium sp. using carboxymethyl cellulose as a substrate. During the stationary phase (144 h) of the growth, the cellulase activity of Chaetomium sp. was significantly high. The maximum mycelial weight of this fungi was obtained at 168 h. Viscosity of the Chaetomium sp. inoculated fermentation medium continuously decreased until 144 h because of the degradation of carboxymethyl cellulose. During cellulase fermentation, pH increased from the initial neutral pH to 8.5. Purified cellulase showed a specific activity of 7.3 U/mg. It exhibited maximum activity at 20°C and was stable between pH 5 and 9. \u0000Conclusions: Books and archives could be a good source for the isolation of cellulase producing fungi.","PeriodicalId":11848,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Journal of Biosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"52-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70600514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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